Vimana 21 - No 30 - 1er trim 1988

Magazine Overview

Title: Vimana 21
Issue: N° 30
Date: 1st Quarter 1988
Publisher: A.D.R.U.P. (Association Dijonnaise de Recherches Ufologiques et Parapsychologiques)
Price: 10F

This issue of Vimana 21, a quarterly review from Dijon, France, focuses on the enigmatic phenomenon of the "Sainte Tombe" (Holy Tomb) in Arles sur Tech, a small town in the Pyrénées Orientales.

The Mystery of the Sainte Tombe of Arles sur Tech

The main article delves into the long-standing mystery of a sarcophagus in Arles sur Tech that continuously produces water. The magazine presents a comprehensive documentation of this phenomenon, inviting readers to judge the evidence.

Historical Context and Legends

Arles sur Tech is described as a peaceful town. The church of Ste Marie, a Romanesque monument, is mentioned, which succeeded an older church founded in the 7th century by a monk named Castellan and later became an Abbey with a well-preserved cloister from the 12th or 14th century.

Inside the church, a panel reads "Plus d'eau de la tombe" (More water from the tomb). The article notes that as of August 14, 1987, the last "ponction" (drawing of water) had not sufficed for the numerous faithful who request vials of this water annually.

The most beautiful chapel is dedicated to Saints Abdon and Sennen, Persian princes martyred in Rome under Emperor Decius. Their relics were transferred in the late 10th century by Abbot Arnulfe. At that time, the valley was plagued by storms, wild animals, and contagious diseases. Arnulfe traveled to Rome to obtain the relics from Pope John XII. During his sea voyage, a severe storm threatened him, and he was saved by prayers, after which the two saints appeared.

Another incident recounts Abbot Arnulfe's return with his mule carrying the relics. The muleteer, tempted by evil, caused the mule and its load to fall into a precipice. Miraculously, the mule survived and reached the Abbey alone, well before the monk. Arnulfe had also brought water from an ancient Christian baptistery in Rome. Not wanting to discard it, he poured it into the tomb. It is believed in the region that since that time, the water has been renewing itself.

The Sarcophagus and its Dimensions

The mysterious tomb is located outdoors in a small courtyard, now closed off by grilles. It rests on two supports, 20 cm high, and its dimensions are: length 1.70m, width 0.47m, and height 0.40m, calculating a volume of 330.80 liters. The cuve (tank) is carved from a block of white marble, 8 to 9.5 cm thick. An ornament, a Christ monogram, suggests it might date from the late 3rd century. A lid of the same material covers it and has been sealed in modern times.

Water Production and Properties

For centuries, hundreds of liters of water have been drawn from the tomb. In 1964, nearly 200 liters were extracted on the feast day of Saints Abdon and Sennen, with the level returning to normal by evening. In 1914, the tomb was found empty, which was seen as a bad omen. Conversely, in 1942, it was observed to be overflowing.

The water is described as incorruptible, capable of being preserved for decades without alteration. Even in the harsh winter of 1941/1942, it could be drawn despite freezing temperatures, implying it did not freeze.

A notable phenomenon is "la résurgence" (resurgence). In May 1794, during the Revolution, the church was sacked and the tomb overturned. By October 1795, the tomb was righted, found dry and dirty. After cleaning, as women wiped it with towels, water reappeared on the interior walls and collected at the bottom. This phenomenon, officially recorded in 1825, recurred in 1950. After cleaning, the water level reached 165 liters within eight days, indicating a daily production of 4.581 liters.

Investigations and Theories

Numerous investigations have been conducted, dating back to 1529, 1587, 1752, and more recently in 1933, when scientists began to study the mystery. The parish priest continues to receive hundreds of letters about the phenomenon.

Several hypotheses have been proposed: a secret pipe system, special plants that secrete water, the stone absorbing and then releasing water, or subterranean springs acting via communicating vessels. Some have explored occult influences, while others attribute it to miracles.

Physicists have also studied the problem of this "insoluble" water. Despite a substantial reward offered for a solution, no valid theory has been established.

A plausible rational explanation that has gained traction is the "dew phenomenon applied to air wells" (a condenser designed to capture water vapor from the air).

Scientific Studies and Findings

In 1933, the journal "La Nature" published a correspondence linking the tomb to studies on air wells, which are based on the study of dew and water condensation in structures called "captors."

Engineer M. Knapen also built such devices. In 1957, M. Colas, director of the French Association for the Study of Waters, noted that the condensations termed "occult" in the sarcophagus had not yet revealed their secret.

A significant study was published in the journal "La Houille Blanche" in 1959, under the title "l'eau culte" (cult water). Monsieur Delaunay-Delapierre, an expert hydrologist, noted that the temperature inside the sarcophagus was 2 to 3 degrees Celsius higher than the exterior. He argued that condensation should occur on the exterior, not the interior, questioning how 1 to 2 liters of water could be produced daily.

Monsieur Lapierre-Devinoux proposed a solution, drawing analogies with the air wells of Theodosia in Crimea and the work of Messieurs Chaptal and Baziaux. He concluded that this condensation must be natural and that science would eventually explain it. He was intrigued by the high yield of the "atmospheric fountain."

In 1961, a detailed technical report suggested that the water production was discontinuous and that the lid was permeable, allowing rainwater to infiltrate. Correlations were made between rainfall and the water level in the sarcophagus. However, during a two-month study, the researchers encountered a drought, and the water level stagnated.

Other Instances of Mysterious Water

The article notes that the appearance of water is also found in the lives of saints, such as the manna of St. Nicolas and the monk Charbel Makhlouf, whose bodies reportedly produce a reddish liquid. A menhir with a basin, known as the "lavoir de la Ste Vierge," also produced water that ancestors attributed beneficial properties to.

Conclusion

While some may attribute the phenomenon to miracles or trickery, and others to physical explanations, no truly satisfactory explanation has been found to date. The article suggests that this phenomenon serves as a reminder that nature still holds many mysteries, and even in an age of space travel and computing, the water from an ancient tomb can challenge our rational minds and show us how much we still have to learn.

Other Content

Le Camera Club Cote d'Orien

Page 4 features information about "Le Camera Club Cote d'Orien," an association for amateur filmmakers and videographers. It outlines the club's objectives, such as initiating beginners, teaching film realization, assisting members with technical problems, fostering teams for more elaborate films, encouraging editing and projection, and organizing events to promote cinema. The club offers meetings every other Friday evening at the Centre Social de Fontaine d'Ouche in Dijon. Contact information for Christian Andrey is provided.

The "activités" section describes the club's quarterly meetings, where members discuss filmmaking and video topics. It mentions technical evenings, individual consultations, and film screenings for members to showcase their work. The club also has a significant stock of equipment available for rent to members, either free of charge or for a small fee. A quarterly bulletin keeps members informed, and the possibility of organizing a film club around a member-created scenario is mentioned. The club aims to provide enjoyable moments for its members.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine's primary theme in this issue is the exploration of unexplained phenomena, particularly the miraculous water from the Sainte Tombe. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry, presenting various theories from the rational to the miraculous, while acknowledging the lack of definitive answers. The publication aims to inform its readers and encourage further investigation. The inclusion of an article about a local cinema club suggests a broader interest in local culture and activities, even if not directly related to the paranormal.

The editorial also clarifies the publication's policy: Vimana 21 is an informational bulletin of A.D.R.U.P., a non-profit association. Reproduction of articles is permitted with clear source attribution. The documents included are the responsibility of their authors, and their inclusion does not imply endorsement by ADRUP. Subscription and membership details are provided, along with contact information for the association's headquarters in Gevrey Chambertin.

This issue of the Annales de l'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier, dated February 1938, is dedicated to the critical topic of combating drought through the capture of atmospheric water. Titled 'LA LUTTE CONTRE LA SÉCHERESSE' and featuring 'LA CAPTATION DE LA VAPEUR D'EAU ATMOSPHÉRIQUE' as its main theme, the publication delves into scientific research and practical applications for water acquisition in arid environments.

Sources of Soil Humidity

The articles emphasize the indispensable role of water for all life forms. While humans can store water, vegetation relies on immediate and local availability. The issue highlights the irregular distribution of rainfall, particularly in southern regions, where the dry season sees high temperatures and low precipitation, creating a significant deficit for plant life. This deficit, estimated at 2500 m³ per hectare for vineyards in the Montpellier region, cannot be fully met by underground water ascension, fog, dew, or condensation alone, which contribute at most 100-200 m³ per hectare.

Atmospheric Water Capture

Research conducted since 1921 at the Station de Physique et de Climatologie Agricoles de Bel-Air (Montpellier) suggests that atmospheric water vapor can be fixed by the soil and plants through adsorption. This process, often masked by evaporation, is described as a regular and permanent phenomenon. When the air in contact with these surfaces becomes saturated due to this adsorption and a slight drop in temperature, it leads to water deposition, often mistaken for dew. The publication distinguishes between true dew (condensation on surfaces cooler than the dew point) and this adsorption-driven deposition.

Historical and Experimental Captors

The issue references historical examples of water capture, including ancient 'air wells' found in the sandstone formations of Lebanon, dunes near Bizerte, and the Eastern Pyrenees. These natural formations, and later constructed devices, utilized principles of adsorption and condensation. The article specifically mentions the work of M. L. Chaptal and his 'Bel-Air captor,' which achieved a yield of 2.5 liters per day, suggesting significant potential for improvement with modern techniques.

Another significant case study is the Christian sarcophagus at Arles-sur-Tech in Vallespir. This ancient structure, dating back to the 5th century, is reported to provide over 100 liters of pure water annually, a phenomenon attributed by locals to its function as a water captor. The article notes that the sarcophagus's lid is not perfectly sealed, allowing air and humidity to enter.

M. Knapen's High-Yield Captor

The work of M. Knapen in Trans de Provence is presented as a significant advancement in high-yield water capture. His 'air well' is described as a large, masonry bell-shaped structure, approximately 12 meters in diameter and 12 meters high, with thick walls featuring multiple rows of openings for ventilation. Inside, a concrete mass with porous tubes and slate fragments enhances the surface area for adsorption. The design aims to optimize the temperature difference between the air and the captor's surfaces to maximize condensation.

Experiments with M. Knapen's captor in 1930-1931 yielded significant amounts of water, with a maximum daily output of 2.528 liters recorded. The article details the operational principles: during the day, warm air enters, cools upon contact with the internal mass, deposits moisture, and exits; at night, cold air enters, circulates, and also facilitates condensation. The collected water is channeled to a subterranean reservoir.

Factors Influencing Yield and Applications

Several factors are identified as crucial for maximizing water capture: sufficient aeration to allow air renewal for adsorption, gentle ventilation to prevent excessive evaporation, and maintaining a low internal temperature to encourage condensation. The article notes that achieving these conditions requires constant adjustment of openings based on meteorological data.

The Role of Plants and Soil

Beyond artificial captors, the natural fixation of atmospheric water by plants is also discussed. The moisture absorbed by leaves and vines, particularly during humid mornings and evenings, is recognized for its favorable impact on grape yield. However, this surface humidity can also promote the development of pests and diseases.

Conclusion and Future Prospects

The research presented strongly suggests that artificial capture of atmospheric humidity can provide sufficient potable water to support certain arid regions. The findings from both historical examples and modern experiments underscore the potential of these techniques to address water scarcity. The issue concludes with a philosophical reflection, suggesting that even if natural explanations are found, such phenomena serve as a reminder of the many mysteries of life and Earth yet to be understood.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are drought, water scarcity, atmospheric humidity, and innovative methods for water capture, both ancient and modern. The editorial stance is clearly scientific and investigative, presenting research findings, experimental data, and expert opinions. There is a strong emphasis on practical applications for agriculture and providing potable water in challenging climates. The publication advocates for continued research and exploration into these vital natural resources.

This issue of "LA MÉTÉOROLOGIE" (The Meteorology) is identified as issue number 200, part of Volume XX, with the raw date "Juillet-Décembre 1949". It is published by the "SOCIÉTÉ LANGUEDOCIENNE DE GÉOGRAPHIE" (Languedoc Geographical Society) and is in French. The cover prominently features a contribution concerning the study of dew and secondary sources of soil humidity.

Article: "CONTRIBUTION A L'ÉTUDE DE LA ROSÉE ET DES SOURCES SECONDAIRES DE L'HUMIDITÉ DU SOL."

This main article, authored by M. L. CHAPTAL, Director of the Station of Physics and Agricultural Meteorology of Montpellier, delves into the critical issue of soil moisture beyond direct rainfall. Chaptal begins by noting the inadequacy of pluviometry alone to define the dryness or humidity of a climate from an agricultural perspective, particularly in regions like Languedoc where the vine absorbs more water during its intense summer growth than precipitation provides.

He introduces the concept of "secondary sources of soil humidity," which include fogs, dews, deep condensations, and superficial deposits. The article highlights a significant discrepancy between the reported water amounts reaching the soil and those that run off, citing various authors who have studied evaporation and water balance. Chaptal analyzes data, including evaporation from the soil and vine leaves, to explain the large difference between evaporated water (2,695 cubic meters per hectare) and rainfall (54 mm, or 540 cubic meters per hectare) during the summer of 1923. He dismisses the idea that deep soil layers release water to superficial ones during drought, as these layers are already depleted. The contribution of fog, which is infrequent, is also deemed insufficient.

The role of dew is examined, with Chaptal noting that while it might compensate for rainfall deficits in the South of France, measurements do not fully confirm this. He presents data from different regions and authors regarding dewfall, noting variations in measurement methods and results. A significant point of discussion is the discrepancy between two series of measurements by Chaptal himself in Montpellier, one using a Descombes drosometer and another using a Raymond drosometer. The Raymond device, with its larger surface area from dry grass stems, yielded a much higher annual dew total, suggesting it better captures atmospheric condensation.

Chaptal further explores the idea that soil, even in dry periods, can absorb atmospheric humidity. He references studies on soil aeration and the active exchange between the atmosphere and the soil. The work of Hall, Dehepain, Demoussy, Worré, Leather, and Rumell is cited to support the concept of active aeration and moisture exchange within the top layers of the soil. Marie-Davy's observation that moist, loosened soil absorbs water during hot, humid nights, sustaining vegetation in arid Mediterranean regions, is also mentioned.

The article recalls historical examples of atmospheric condensation providing water, such as in ancient Théodosia, Crimea, and in certain water sources in Lebanon and Tripolitaine. Chaptal, referencing Diénert, posits that while rain is the primary source for underground water tables, atmospheric condensation plays a crucial role in maintaining soil surface humidity, which is then available for plant evaporation.

To measure nocturnal aqueous deposits, Chaptal used recording balances and drosometers in Montpellier. His observations indicated soil moisture increases even before dew formation, sometimes significantly. He discusses the ephemeral nature of this deposited water due to evaporation, emphasizing the need for continuous recording. The absorption of air humidity by dry soil was also demonstrated by substituting dry earth for grass stems on a drosometer.

Schloesing's findings on soil hygroscopicity, which ceases below 5% water content, are discussed alongside Henrich and Mitscherlich's observation that plants wilt before soil moisture drops to this level. This leads to the conclusion that soil hygroscopicity might not be as significant for plant life overall, though Chaptal believes it is relevant for the southern regions and superficial soil layers in direct contact with the air.

Based on Houdaille's data (1886-1896), the water content in the top 4-7 cm of soil is often below 20%, and even below 5% at 25 cm. Chaptal concludes that in Southern France, a superficial soil layer of at least 10 cm can retain atmospheric water vapor during hot seasons. His calculations suggest that a 1% increase in moisture in this 10 cm layer, with a density of 1.3, corresponds to a deposit of 13 cubic meters of water per hectare. Experiments in Montpellier in 1926 and 1927 reportedly confirmed these calculations.

The study is deemed highly valuable for its insights into the delicate and complex factors influencing vegetation growth. The analyst, G. Barbé, regrets the lack of detailed figures from the recordings and a more complete description of the dew measurement apparatus, but acknowledges the bibliography's richness.

Article: "LA MÉTÉOROLOGIE" (Page 200 excerpt)

This section, attributed to Joseph Sanson, an agronomic engineer and President of the Meteorological Commission of Seine-et-Oise, discusses the impact of weather patterns on agriculture and tourism in the Ile-de-France region. Sanson notes that a dry September delays the maturation of sugar beets, leading to losses when they are processed. He also highlights the public interest in the changing rainfall patterns in Ile-de-France, which are becoming more favorable for tourism.

The article points out that the May-October period is now less rainy than fifty years ago, with the dry season shifting from December-April to January-June, followed by a second dry season in August-September. This shift offers visitors better conditions for enjoying the region's attractions during late spring and early autumn.

Article: "ROSÉE ET SOURCES SECONDAIRES D'HUMIDITÉ DU SOL" (Pages 201-203)

This section continues the detailed analysis of dew and secondary moisture sources. It references numerous authors and their findings on evaporation, condensation, and the role of soil in retaining atmospheric moisture. The discussion includes the limitations of artificial rain formation as a solution for arid zones, emphasizing the need for sufficient atmospheric humidity and the practical challenges of capturing and utilizing artificially precipitated rain.

It also touches upon the phenomenon of condensation in unique structures like the sarcophagus of Arles-sur-Tech, which appears to collect significant amounts of water. The article questions the viability of 'foggara' systems, suggesting they might be emissaries of underground water rather than condensation collectors. The potential of artificial rain, though debated, is mentioned with reference to operations in the USA claiming to increase rainfall by 10%, but the article expresses skepticism about attributing such increases solely to cloud seeding.

Obituary: LÉON CHAPTAL (1882-1949)

This section is a tribute to Léon Chaptal, a key figure in the Société Languedocienne de Géographie, who passed away on December 2, 1949. Chaptal was the honorary Director of the Bel-Air Station of Bioclimatology and an honorary professor at the National School of Agriculture in Montpellier. His death is mourned by French science, particularly in the fields of agronomy and Mediterranean bioclimatology.

The obituary details Chaptal's early life, his renunciation of a career in pure sciences due to vision problems, and his dedication to agricultural research. It highlights his significant contributions to agricultural chemistry, particularly his work on utilizing grape vine by-products and producing paper from vine shoots. His specialization in agricultural bioclimatology after World War I and his role in establishing the Bel-Air experimental station are emphasized. For thirty years, he studied the relationship between local climate and cultivated plants, developing new techniques for olive oil production and centralizing climatological documentation for the region.

Chaptal's interest in geography led him to present a notable communication at the International Congress of Geographers in Paris in 1931, defining and studying local climates. He argued that standard meteorological observations are insufficient to characterize climatic conditions affecting humans, animals, and plants. He stressed the importance of factors like wind speed, atmospheric humidity, cloudiness, and air transparency in modifying the biological role of temperature and light. He advocated for using medians instead of averages to better express climatic trends and mitigate the influence of accidental values.

The obituary notes that Chaptal's work on local climates had implications for morphology, particularly in understanding thermal differences in desert regions caused by soil type and the role of hygroscopic salts in surface cooling, leading to condensation that stabilizes sand dunes. His research also extended to the phenomenon of air cooling near the ground, causing condensation that helps fix unstable dune microforms and contributes to differential aeolian erosion and solifluction.

The article mentions Chaptal's experiments on aqueous deposits by adsorption, inspired by Russian pedologists in Crimea. He demonstrated how soil could accumulate atmospheric water vapor, particularly during dry Mediterranean summers, explaining how certain plants survive despite apparent drought. His findings were published in various agricultural and geographical journals.

His scientific achievements were recognized with the Gold Medal of the Academy of Agriculture. The obituary praises his dedication to research, his wisdom, simplicity, courtesy, and elevated spirit, even in illness. His life is presented as a valuable example.

Bulletin of the Association of Alumni of the National Superior School of Chemistry of Paris

This section announces a conference held in Geneva in February 1957, by Mr. René Colas, Director of the French Association for the Study of Water. The conference, titled "L'ALIMENTATION EN EAU DES ZONES ARIDES" (Water Supply for Arid Zones), was presented to the Society of Civil Engineers of France. The aim was to draw attention to the challenge of supplying water to seemingly uninhabitable arid regions.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around water availability, its measurement, and its impact on agriculture and the environment. There is a strong emphasis on understanding soil moisture beyond direct rainfall, exploring atmospheric condensation, dew, and fog as vital secondary sources. The articles advocate for more nuanced meteorological observations and analyses, moving beyond simple averages to better capture climatic realities. The issue also reflects a scientific community engaged in detailed research, with a focus on regional climate studies, particularly in Southern France. The tribute to Léon Chaptal underscores the importance of dedicated scientific inquiry and its contribution to both specialized fields and broader geographical understanding. The editorial stance appears to be one of rigorous scientific investigation, practical application (especially in agriculture), and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Title: LA HOUILLE BLANCHE
Issue: N° 1
Volume: 14
Date: January-February 1959
Publisher: LA HOUILLE BLANCHE
Country: France
Language: French
Cover Headline: MISCELLANEES MISCELLANY

This issue of "La Houille Blanche" features a prominent "MISCELLANEES MISCELLANY" section, with a focus on "L'EAU... CULTE" (Water... Cult), Problem No. 88. The cover includes a caricature of a man with glasses and a bald head, holding a magnifying glass, hinting at a scientific or investigative theme.

L'EAU... CULTE (Problem No. 88)

The main article, "L'EAU... CULTE," addresses a curious phenomenon concerning a sarcophagus in a Pyrenean abbey near Arles-sur-Tech. The author, C. L., introduces the problem through a letter from a correspondent, M. Delaunay-Delapierre, an expert hydrologist. The sarcophagus, made of limestone and resting on marble blocks, is covered by a stone lid that does not form a perfect seal. Daily, 1 to 2 liters of pure water, resembling distilled water, collect inside. This phenomenon has been observed for a long time, with the water sometimes being siphoned off and attributed with curative properties.

M. Delaunay-Delapierre presents the case, noting that the water production is not continuous and can vary. He dismisses hypotheses of trickery or secret filling. His own initial theory of condensation is challenged by the observation that the interior temperature of the sarcophagus is slightly higher than the external wall, suggesting condensation should occur on the latter. He seeks the opinion of Professor Cyprien Leborgne.

Scientific Investigation and Analysis

Subsequent sections detail a rigorous scientific investigation conducted at Arles-sur-Tech. The author, likely Professor Leborgne or a collaborator, recounts efforts to understand the water collection. The investigation involved placing monitoring equipment, including a thermograph, hygrometer, and a device to measure water level, near the sarcophagus. Observations were made over several months.

• The report details experiments conducted in situ, including:
• Mastiquage: Sealing the perimeter of the lid to determine if water entered solely from air circulation within the sarcophagus.
• Housse en nylon: Placing a nylon cover over the lid, leaving a small gap for air circulation, to assess the impact of external air.

Measurements of temperature, humidity, wind direction and force, and pluviometry were taken. The temperature inside the sarcophagus showed daily variations, with minimums in the early morning and maximums in the afternoon. Humidity levels were variable, often lower when the tramontane wind blew. Notably, during a two-month period without rain, the water level only decreased when the priest siphoned water, indicating that the water was not continuously replenished by condensation alone.

The Role of Rainfall

A significant finding emerged when rainfall occurred. On April 10, 1961, after 5.5 mm of rain, the water level in the sarcophagus rose by approximately 1 mm the next day. A similar rise was observed after another rainfall event. This strongly suggests that rainfall directly contributes to the water accumulation in the sarcophagus.

Analysis of Water and Stone

Chemical analysis of the collected water revealed a low conductivity (0.171 mmhos/cm/25°), negligible carbonates, and low levels of bicarbonates and calcium + magnesium. The stone of the sarcophagus was found to have practically null porosity, with a density of 2.9, and a small sample showed discoloration from oxides.

Historical Context and Hypotheses

The article references historical accounts, including a mention by Prosper Mérimée, who, as Inspector General of Historical Monuments, documented the site. A brochure from 1954 by Brother Marie-Pierre Orseolo is also cited, confirming the daily water collection and the absence of any visible fissures or trickery. The phenomenon is linked to the legend of the Sainte-Tombe (Holy Tomb).

• Several hypotheses are discussed:
• Capillary action: Through the marble blocks supporting the sarcophagus.
• Condensation: From air entering the sarcophagus, especially during temperature variations.
• Dew formation: Due to nocturnal cooling of the sarcophagus.
• Water seepage: Through the lid by capillary action or gravity.

The investigation, particularly the correlation between rainfall and water level rise, points towards a combination of factors, with rainfall playing a crucial role.

Broader Implications

M. Delaunay-Delapierre's interest extends to improving living conditions in arid regions. The article explores how understanding such natural water collection phenomena could lead to new methods for producing or recovering water, potentially benefiting drought-stricken areas.

Conclusion

The article concludes by inviting the reader to judge the evidence presented and to visit Arles-sur-Tech for personal investigation. The author expresses gratitude to the local priest and to M. Rouge for their cooperation. The investigation, though detailed, acknowledges the limited duration of direct observation (two months) but emphasizes the significance of the initial findings.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the exploration of natural phenomena that defy simple explanation, presented through a blend of scientific inquiry and historical context. The magazine appears to have an editorial stance that encourages detailed investigation and open-mindedness towards unexplained occurrences, particularly those related to natural processes and historical sites. The "Miscellany" section suggests a broad scope of topics, with a particular interest in hydrology and potentially unusual environmental events.

This issue of "La Houille Blanche" from December 1961 features a cover story titled "LA FOIRE AUX RELIQUES" (The Fair of Relics) by Jean Charost. The magazine also includes several scientific and historical articles, primarily focusing on phenomena related to water seepage and atmospheric condensation.

Article: Water Seepage in a Sarcophagus at Arles-sur-Tech

The main article details an investigation into the accumulation of water within a sarcophagus at Arles-sur-Tech. The authors present data collected between April 10th and April 23rd, 1961, correlating rainfall with the water level inside the sarcophagus. They observed that water takes approximately five days on average to seep through the marble cover, with about one-third of the rainwater being recovered inside. The permeability of the marble is discussed, noting that its heterogeneous nature means some areas might allow water to pass more quickly than others. Experiments involving wetting the cover and observing seepage were conducted. The article also references historical accounts of water appearing in the sarcophagus, even without rain, suggesting a continuous process of seepage and accumulation due to the lack of significant evaporation within the sealed environment.

Premières interprétations (First Interpretations)

Initial attempts to correlate rainfall directly with water levels were difficult. A two-day delay was considered, suggesting that about one-fifth of the rainfall might traverse the cover. However, this was deemed unlikely due to the marble's variable porosity. The conclusion reached is that water takes an average of five days to traverse the cover, and about a third of the rainwater is collected in the sarcophagus.

Autres expériences (Other Experiments)

Further observations included examining the sarcophagus interior with a flashlight, noting water droplets on the cover, particularly in an area identified by a radiesthesist in 1951. Experiments involved applying water to the cover and observing its absorption. It was noted that some areas were porous, allowing water to seep through, while others were not. The irregular surface of the cover, with small hemispherical holes, was also observed.

Conclusions

The sarcophagus cover is permeable, allowing rainwater to seep through over four to six days. The lack of significant air circulation between the exterior and interior prevents evaporation, leading to accumulation. The article suggests that the marble of the sarcophagus body might be less permeable, or that deposits over centuries have made it impermeable, trapping the water. Historical data from 1950 indicates that after cleaning, water reappeared in the sarcophagus, and significant volumes were collected in 1951. Pluviometric data from Arles-sur-Tech is presented, showing variations in annual rainfall, and an analysis suggests the cover can recover a significant percentage of rainwater.

Article: La Foire aux Reliques (The Fair of Relics)

This article by Jean Charost describes the annual festival in Arles-sur-Tech, where a Sainte Tombe (Holy Tomb) is displayed. The tomb, a Roman-era marble sarcophagus, is known for producing 'miraculous' water that seeps from it. The article recounts the history of this phenomenon, dating back to at least 960 AD, and mentions historical accounts of its healing properties. It notes that the water is collected using a siphon and distributed to pilgrims. The article also touches upon the broader context of relic veneration and the proliferation of relics throughout history, citing examples of various relics claimed to be preserved.

Article: Condensateurs de vapeurs atmosphériques dans l'Antiquité (Atmospheric Vapor Condensers in Antiquity)

This section, based on a report by M. Henri HITIER and observations from M. ZVORIKINE and M. ZIBOLD, discusses ancient water collection systems discovered in Crimea, near Theodosia. These systems involved extensive networks of sandstone pipes connected to large structures made of crushed limestone. These structures, dating back over 2000 years, are hypothesized to have condensed atmospheric water vapor in their cool depths, supplying water to the city's fountains. The article speculates whether similar systems might exist in French colonies in Africa.

Observations from North Africa

Further contributions from M. HÉGLY and M. DE KVORIKINE provide additional examples and observations related to atmospheric condensation. M. HÉGLY reports on observations in Tunisia (Bizerte) and Tripoli, where water sources are attributed to condensation in sandy dunes. M. DE KVORIKINE questions if similar condensers were found in French African colonies.

Article: Le Dolmen de Saint Fort (The Dolmen of Saint Fort)

An excerpt from a letter by M. LEO LOUIS B. describes the dolmen of Saint Fort, a large megalithic structure. The article explains that the dolmen's large sandstone table, which is naturally shaped on top with five basins, retains water. This phenomenon is attributed to the stone's property of absorbing solar heat during the day and releasing it at night, causing atmospheric humidity to condense on its cool surface. This results in a significant accumulation of water, described as an amplified dew, especially in the largest basin, known as the 'Bassin de la Ste Vierge'. The article notes that this condensation process is more effective due to the dolmen's shaded location, preventing rapid evaporation compared to exposed sites.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around natural phenomena related to water, specifically its seepage through porous materials and its condensation from the atmosphere. The magazine appears to adopt a scientific and investigative stance, presenting observational data, historical accounts, and experimental findings to explain these phenomena. There is a clear interest in both ancient technologies and natural processes that have been historically interpreted as miraculous or supernatural, such as the 'miraculous water' of Arles-sur-Tech and the water accumulation in the Dolmen of Saint Fort. The editorial stance seems to be one of rational explanation, seeking scientific and historical evidence to demystify these occurrences.

This issue of "DOSSIER D'ARLES SUR TECH" (Issue 47, dated September 86) focuses on the extraordinary life, survival, and miracles attributed to the hermit Charbel Makhlouf, with an article titled "VIE, SURVIE ET PRODIGE DE L'ERMITE CHARBEL MAKHLOUF" by P. Damer. The issue also includes a brief mention of Saint Nicolas.

The Life and Miracles of Charbel Makhlouf

The article details the birth of Youssef Makhlouf in Bikakafra, Lebanon, on May 8, 1828. He joined the Maronite order, taking the name Charbel, and later became a hermit at the age of 47 in a hermitage near Byblos. His life was dedicated to austerity, prayer, and contemplation.

Charbel Makhlouf died on the night of December 24, 1898, at the age of 70. His body was transported to the monastery and placed in a tomb. Brother François Al Sfbrini attested that the tomb was low and prone to water infiltration. Despite this, when the tomb was opened, the body was found intact, with flesh, muscles, and hair preserved, and a red blood-like liquid was observed.

The Phenomenon of the Incorrupt Body and Exuding Liquid

Following the burial, witnesses reported seeing a great light rising and falling over Charbel's tomb for 45 minutes each night for 45 nights. This led to the ecclesiastical authorities permitting the opening of the tomb on April 15, 1899. It was discovered that water had indeed infiltrated the tomb, making it a 'muddy bog.' However, the body remained intact.

Over the years, the body continued to be a source of wonder. It was noted that the body's pores seemed to exude a sweat-like substance. Physicians, including Dr. Elias Elonaïssi and Dr. Georges Choukrallah, examined the body multiple times. Dr. Elonaïssi described the exudation as a sweat-like material, inexplicable by natural laws, and noted the body's natural smell. Dr. Choukrallah, after examining the body over many years, concluded that its preservation and the continuous exudation of liquid were due to a supernatural power.

Re-interment and Further Investigations

On July 24, 1927, the body was re-interred in a new tomb with enhanced protective measures. In 1950, during the Holy Year, water was again observed seeping from the tomb wall. On August 7, 1952, with authorization from Rome, the tomb was reopened. The body was found intact, still exuding the sanguinolent liquid, which saturated the coffin, clothing, and priestly vestments. The wooden coffin was rotten, the zinc lining was split, and the metal tube containing attestations was deteriorated, yet the body and its vestments were remarkably preserved.

Scientific and Medical Perspectives

The article presents testimonies from physicians who examined the body. Dr. Elias Elonaïssi stated that the body's pores exuded a substance like sweat, which was inexplicable by natural laws. He repeatedly conducted the same examination at different times, and the phenomenon remained consistent. Dr. Georges Choukrallah, who examined the body 34 times over 17 years, noted the astonishing state of conservation and the reddish liquid. He calculated that if the liquid weighed only one gram per day, it would amount to nearly 20 kg over 54 years, far exceeding the average blood volume in a human body. He concluded that the body's preservation was due to a supernatural power.

The Phenomenon of Light and Healings

Beyond the physical preservation, the issue recounts the supernatural light observed over Charbel's tomb, which persisted for 45 nights. This phenomenon was witnessed by Christians and non-Christians alike, including a Muslim prefect, Mahmoud Hémadé. The continuous presence of this light and the growing devotion of the faithful led the ecclesiastical authorities to open the tomb. The article suggests that Charbel's mission extended beyond the Catholic community, influencing other communities in Lebanon.

The issue also mentions healings attributed to Charbel's intercession. The monastery and church of Annaya were reportedly filled with crowds of sick and infirm people, and numerous sudden and astonishing healings occurred even before the commission's sessions concluded.

Saint Nicolas

A separate section briefly introduces Saint Nicolas, described as one of the most popular saints in Eastern and Western churches, and the origin of the figure of Santa Claus. It mentions his birth in Patara, Lyria, around 270 AD, and his death around 340 AD. His relics were discovered in 1087. The text also notes a phenomenon of 'manna' associated with Saint Nicolas, where small ampoules containing a liquid that drips slowly and mixes with holy water are collected by pilgrims.

Marie Akhrass: The Healer of Damascus

Another section details the case of Marie Akhrass, a young woman from Damascus born in 1964. Since 1982, she has reportedly been exuding oil from her hands, neck, face, feet, and a medal she wears. This phenomenon has attracted thousands of people, and she is also credited with miraculous healings, including that of a Muslim woman with a paralyzed arm.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are miracles, sainthood, divine intervention, and the inexplicable preservation of bodies. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting these phenomena as factual accounts, supported by witness testimonies and medical examinations, and framing them as evidence of supernatural power and divine favor. The magazine seems to promote the veneration of Charbel Makhlouf as a saint and highlights the miraculous aspects of his life and remains. The inclusion of the Saint Nicolas and Marie Akhrass cases further emphasizes the theme of miraculous occurrences and divine intervention in the lives of individuals.

This document comprises two pages from a French publication titled "SOS INSOLITE," which appears to be a promotional flyer or a section of a magazine dedicated to the unexplained and unusual. The publication is strongly associated with an organization called ADRUP and its quarterly magazine, "VIMANA 21." The overall tone is one of curiosity and investigation into phenomena that lie outside the ordinary.

SOS INSOLITE: A Call for Documents and Passion

The first page, under the bold heading "SOS INSOLITE," directly addresses individuals who possess documents, are passionate about, or wish to study anomalous subjects. It lists a variety of themes that fall under the umbrella of "l'insolite" (the unusual/unexplained), including:

• Haunted places
• Humanoids
• Apparitions
• Miraculous events
• UFOs (O.V.N.I. - Objets Volants Non Identifiés)
• Legends
• Sorcery

It emphasizes "L'INSOLITE EN GENERAL" (The Unusual in General) and provides a telephone number, "80-34-37-67," for contact. A key feature highlighted is "VOTRE ANONYMAT EST GARANTI" (Your Anonymity is Guaranteed), alongside the "ADRUP" logo and the word "Allo," suggesting a hotline or a direct line for information sharing.

The right side of the first page reiterates the central theme with the tagline "UNE PASSION : L'INSOLITE" (A Passion: The Unusual) and features a striking illustration of a pterodactyl-like creature, a recurring motif in the publication.

ADRUP: The Association Behind the Unexplained

The second page delves deeper into the organization "ADRUP" (Association pour la Recherche et l'Etude des Phénomènes Inexpliqués - Association for Research and Study of Unexplained Phenomena, inferred from context and common acronym usage in French ufology). It states that ADRUP was founded in 1976 and is governed by the law of July 1901. It is a non-profit organization that brings together researchers interested in "INSOLITES" (unusual phenomena).

ADRUP's stated purpose is to "FAIRE LA PART DU VRAI ET DU FAUX POUR TOUS CES DOMAINES ET EN INFORMER LE PUBLIC" (Separate the true from the false in all these domains and inform the public about them). Its areas of interest include:

• Ufology
• Parapsychology
• Anomalous phenomena

To achieve its goals, ADRUP employs several methods:

• Archiving documents, press articles, and conducting investigations and counter-investigations.
• Establishing national and international relations with other associations.
• Publishing its research in the quarterly review "VIMANA 21."
• Organizing radio and television emissions, conferences, debates, exhibitions, and slide shows.

Individuals interested in supporting ADRUP's research are invited to contact the secretariat at 6, Rue des Gemeaux, 21220 Gevrey-Chambertain.

VIMANA 21: The Magazine of Côte d'Or's Unusual

The right side of the second page focuses on "VIMANA 21," described as "LE MAGAZINE DE LA COTE D'OR INSOLITE" (The Magazine of the Côte d'Or Unusual). It is a quarterly publication created by the members of the ADRUP association, aiming to inform the public about their work.

Subscriptions are available for 60 French Francs per year, including all costs. A list of previously published issues is provided, indicating the breadth of topics covered:

• N° 11: LA VAGUE DE 1954 (available)
• N° 13: LES TAPISSERIES DE SEAUNE (out of print)
• N° 14: TRACE A ECHENON (out of print)
• N° 15/16: TRACE A MARLIENS (available)
• N° 11: CATALOGUE D'OBSERVATIONS (available)
• N° 18: CHRONIQUE S ANCIENNES (available)
• N° 19: L'AFFAIRE DE RENEVE (out of print)
• N° 20: LA FOUDRE EN BOULE (available)
• N° 21: COLLOQUE DE L'INSOLITE (available)
• N° 22: ROUTES MAGIQUES (available)
• N° 23: PREUFOLOGIE 1950-1953 (available)

This list reveals a focus on historical UFO sightings, specific case studies, and broader themes like ball lightning and anomalous routes.

Advertisements for Crédit Mutuel

The remaining two pages (3 and 4) are advertisements for Crédit Mutuel, a French bank. Page 3 promotes "SERVICES AUX ASSOCIATIONS" (Services for Associations), offering guidance on administrative, legal, fiscal, and financial matters. It highlights common questions faced by association leaders, such as hiring staff, purchasing office equipment, VAT on services to members, and reimbursing volunteer expenses. Crédit Mutuel promises a response within 8 days through local branches.

Page 4 is a more general advertisement with the slogan "un prêt? j'appelle l'agence du Crédit Mutuel!" (a loan? I call the Crédit Mutuel agency!). It features an image of a woman on the phone and provides contact details for the Crédit Mutuel branch in Gevrey-Chambertain, including its address and telephone number (80 34 30 10), which is the same number listed on the SOS INSOLITE flyer.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout the SOS INSOLITE material are the investigation of the unexplained, the collection of evidence (documents, reports), and the dissemination of information to the public. The editorial stance is one of open-minded inquiry, aiming to discern fact from fiction in areas like ufology and parapsychology. The association ADRUP positions itself as a serious research body, while the magazine VIMANA 21 serves as its platform for sharing findings. The inclusion of advertisements for Crédit Mutuel suggests a potential sponsorship or a partnership, possibly indicating that ADRUP is a registered association seeking financial and administrative support, or that the bank is targeting this demographic.