Vestnik UFO - 2009 No 5

Magazine Overview

Title: Вестник НЛО. (UFO Herald)
Issue: No. 5
Date: May 2009
Content Focus: Poltergeists and apparitions, with a potential link to UFO phenomena.

Editor's Note

The editor, A. V. Tulin, introduces the issue's focus on poltergeists and apparitions, acknowledging that the nature of UFOs, poltergeists, and ghosts is not fully understood. He notes that some researchers believe these phenomena may be interconnected. The editor observes a recent increase in UFO sightings in certain areas of Moscow, coinciding with reported poltergeist activity in some apartments. This leads him to suggest a possible connection between these phenomena. The issue features articles by leading researchers in the field of poltergeist studies.

Contents

This issue delves into various aspects of poltergeist and ghost phenomena, featuring articles by:

• Anatoliy Gostyushin: Discusses the term 'poltergeist' and its characteristics, citing Carrington's definition and noting phenomena such as unexplained noises, object movement, and physical disturbances. He also touches upon theories suggesting poltergeists might be a form of psychological test by an unknown civilization or an energetic manifestation of the subconscious, as proposed by P. Rodionov. Alexei Priima is mentioned as attributing poltergeist activity to the pranks of deceased children's spirits.
• Ruslan Linnik: Presents an article titled 'Poltergeist: Experimental Research.' Linnik recounts an investigation in an apartment where a pet hamster repeatedly escaped its cage under unexplained circumstances. The research also involved examining an oil heater and checking for any recent deaths of close friends or acquaintances of the apartment's resident, Lena. The investigation utilized various instruments, including an infrared sensor, which detected weak impulses in certain areas of the apartment, potentially residual effects from previous poltergeist activity in 2002. Infrared thermometry and a compass did not reveal any anomalies. A cassette recorder also failed to capture any unusual sounds. Subsequent experiments, including photographic and video recording, were hampered by equipment malfunctions. The author concludes that the apartment did not exhibit true poltergeist activity, suggesting that the phenomena observed might be attributed to a young girl named Valeriya, who may be using the poltergeist phenomenon as a way to hide from external influences.
• I. V. Mirzalis and V. N. Fomenko: Their article, 'Research into Poltergeist Phenomena Using Technical Means,' explores the long-standing scientific attempts to understand poltergeists. They highlight the lack of a universally accepted hypothesis and emphasize the importance of using technical tools for recording and investigating these phenomena. The authors discuss the limitations of relying solely on eyewitness accounts and personal observations, stressing the value of objective data from instruments. They review historical instances of technical investigations into poltergeist phenomena, including early cases in Great Britain (1830-1831 and 1834) involving spontaneous bell ringing, and research in France in 1846 with Angelica Cotten, who was dubbed the 'electric girl.' Early attempts to measure electrical activity proved inconclusive.

Other Articles and Mentions

• Poltergeist: Anatoliy Gostyushin's article provides a detailed description of poltergeist phenomena, including auditory and physical manifestations, and discusses various theories about their causes, such as psychological tests or subconscious energy. He also offers traditional methods for dealing with poltergeists, such as letting a cat enter a new home first or burying a goat's skull under the threshold.
• Ghosts: Several articles touch upon the phenomenon of ghosts and apparitions:
• Pavel Gelev writes about ghosts.
• An excerpt from the book 'German History of Ghosts' by Hero von Wilnert is included.
• Margarett Stuart discusses ghosts in Scottish castles.
• Sofia Vargan poses the question, 'Have you seen a ghost?'
• I. V. Vinokurov (Merzalis) recounts an encounter with a ghost.
• A. V. Tulin provides an introduction to ghost phenomena from the book 'Phenomena of Ghosts.'

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are poltergeists, ghosts, and the investigation of anomalous phenomena. The editorial stance, as expressed by the editor, suggests an open-minded approach to the possibility of connections between seemingly disparate paranormal events like UFOs and poltergeists, based on observed correlations and the lack of definitive explanations for any of them. The issue emphasizes the use of scientific and technical methods in studying these phenomena, while also acknowledging historical and traditional perspectives.

This issue of "Nauka i Religiya" (Science and Religion) from 1993, issue 11, delves into the scientific investigation of poltergeist phenomena (PG) and related anomalous events. It traces the historical progression of research methods and the application of various technical instruments to study these phenomena, while also considering the challenges of deception and the search for natural explanations.

Historical Investigations and Early Apparatus

The issue begins by recounting early investigations into individuals exhibiting unusual 'free electricity' or psychokinetic abilities. One notable case involved a girl named Angelica in the mid-19th century, whose phenomena were investigated using an electroscope and compass. Later, in 1857, a 13-year-old girl, Honorine Seguin, exhibited furniture-moving abilities, which were studied by Dr. Pino with a simple apparatus involving elderberry balls. The text also mentions the experiences of M. Joller in Switzerland between 1860-1862, whose home was plagued by knocks, raps, and object movements, defying explanation by experts. A significant case in Russia in 1871 involved the family of V.A. Shchapov, where an official commission investigated phenomena including self-moving objects and unusual lights, but found no link to electrical or magnetic causes.

The Role of Technical Instruments

The article emphasizes the increasing reliance on technical instruments for the objective study of PG. It notes that while early research was limited, by the late 20th century, sophisticated apparatus became crucial. Charles T. Tart, a parapsychologist, is highlighted for his 1965 article advocating the use of electronic equipment to detect deception and gather information on anomalous phenomena. He stressed that while apparatus can aid in detecting fraud, it cannot entirely eliminate it, and researchers must remain vigilant.

Detecting Deception and Obtaining Information

Tart identified two primary goals for using apparatus: detecting possible deception and obtaining information about the nature of the phenomena. He suggested using various sensors to measure light, temperature, acoustics, and mechanical movements, and recommended detecting invisible spectrums and even analyzing air composition and magnetic fields. He also proposed using household pets as 'living detectors'.

Apparatus in Action: Case Studies

The issue presents several case studies where technical instruments were employed:

• Rosenheim, Germany (1967-1968): A legal office experienced unexplained power surges, phone call surges, and light bulb failures. Physicists F. Karger and G. Tsikha used recording equipment to document these anomalies, which were linked to a 19-year-old secretary. The phenomena ceased when she left the job.
• Moscow, Russia (1975): Canadian researchers M.A. Persinger and R.A. Cameron used technical equipment to investigate a 'haunted' apartment. They detected unusual electromagnetic signals that coincided with a resident's intense fear and desire to leave.
• United Kingdom (1978): An unexplained increase in electricity bills led to an investigation where the electricity meter was suspected of being affected by poltergeist activity.
• Nikitskoye village, Moscow Oblast, Russia (1986-1987): A detailed analysis of electricity consumption revealed a dramatic increase during a poltergeist event, with daily usage soaring from an average of 0.79 kWh to 12.14 kWh, peaking at 24.15 kWh per day.
• Kemerovo, Russia (1987): A poltergeist case showed a tenfold increase in electricity consumption compared to a control apartment.
• London, UK (late 1970s): A girl exhibiting psychokinetic abilities was studied in a controlled laboratory setting using a platform scale to measure weight fluctuations.
• UK (1981): Simultaneous photography of a house with PG phenomena resulted in unexplained overexposure on the images.

Advanced Techniques and Equipment

The article details more advanced techniques and equipment used in PG research. This includes:

• Telekinesis and Object Movement: Studies by J. Bender in 1969 explored telekinesis using controlled conditions, with some apparatus seemingly stopping phenomena, while in other cases, objects moved after being placed in shielded containers.
• Electromagnetic and Vibration Detection: Researchers like A.G. Parkhomov used specialized sensors to detect infrasonic noise and vibrations, noting rhythmic patterns that persisted even after leaving the affected area, suggesting PG effects might 'carry over'.
• Photographic and Video Recording: The use of cameras (still and video) has become common for documenting visual phenomena, including light anomalies and moving objects. Early attempts at photographing PG 'apparitions' date back to 1898.
• Audio Recording: Magnetophon recording has captured poltergeist knocks, revealing precise timing and patterns in the sounds.
• Radiometry: In 1989, a portable radiometer was used to scan a Moscow apartment where spontaneous wetting of objects occurred. The radiometer registered unusual signals when directed at affected areas, suggesting a reaction to something brought by the water.
• Microwave Radiometers and Magnetic Sensors: In 1991, research explored the use of microwave radiometers and differential quantum magnetic sensors to detect potential lepton-electromagnetic (LEM) structures associated with PG.

Addressing Deception and Natural Causes

A significant portion of the research focuses on detecting and preventing deception. The article notes that a considerable percentage of reported PG cases might be due to hoaxes, especially involving children or individuals seeking financial gain (e.g., new housing). The case of 'Tim', a 17-year-old who claimed to bend metal and cause spontaneous combustion, is presented. While he could perform these feats when unobserved, controlled experiments failed to replicate them, and it was later revealed he used conventional methods like chemical ignition and electrostatic induction.

Furthermore, the article highlights how technical means can uncover natural explanations for phenomena mistaken for PG. An example is the case of mysterious ticking sounds in a UK home, which were eventually identified as being produced by a specific type of insect (Trogium pulsatorium).

Methods for Recording and Investigating PG

The authors propose a comprehensive approach to recording PG phenomena, emphasizing the need to identify and document:

• Movement of solid, liquid, and flexible objects.
• Deformation of materials.
• Electrical disturbances.
• Temperature changes.
• Visual and acoustic anomalies.
• Unusual odors.
• Chronal effects (time-related anomalies).

They also stress the importance of registering non-specific influences that might be the cause of PG, such as electromagnetic radiation, acoustic vibrations, seismic activity, and chemical changes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes the importance of rigorous scientific methodology, objective measurement, and the use of advanced technology in the study of poltergeist phenomena. It acknowledges the reality of reported events but maintains a critical stance, advocating for the elimination of fraud and the exploration of natural explanations before resorting to paranormal interpretations. The underlying message is that while PG phenomena are intriguing and potentially real, their investigation requires careful, systematic, and technologically-informed research.

This issue of the Journal of Parapsychology, dated 1987, focuses on the scientific investigation of poltergeist phenomena, particularly 'fire' and 'motor' types, using advanced instrumentation. The primary article, "Results of Research on 'Fire' and 'Motor' Poltergeists Using Continuous Video Surveillance in Visible and Infrared Spectra" by A.G. Li, details the methodologies and findings of research conducted by the L.L. Vasiliev Parapsychology Foundation.

Investigating Poltergeists: Methods and Instrumentation

The article begins by addressing the question of how to record poltergeist phenomena, suggesting the use of appropriate sensors and detectors. It outlines an ideal system comprising mobile, autonomous, and automated apparatus, with sensors at the poltergeist site and a central complex (computer, analyzers, recorders) located remotely. Information exchange would occur via radio or wired channels. A computer would analyze sensor data, and upon detecting unusual signals, activate hidden cameras and cease erasing background information. This recorded data would then be transferred for detailed analysis.

To understand the nature of poltergeist activity, the research involves correlating sensor data with physiological parameters of a focal person (focal) person, such as EEG, ECG, and GSR, to identify precursors to poltergeist manifestations. Visible phenomena can be captured by hidden cameras, and auditory events by sound recording devices. Analysis of these recordings, such as magnetic recordings of acoustic phenomena, could help determine their artificial or natural origin.

Investigating objects affected by poltergeist activity involves examining surfaces and fracture edges to determine the type of force applied (tension, bending, compression, shear) and its character (static or impact). Calculating the forces involved and identifying signs of surface or volumetric force application, along with reproducing similar damage on analog objects, could confirm or refute hypotheses about the mechanisms and sources of poltergeist activity. Such laboratory research is best conducted by organizations with appropriate equipment, methodologies, and specialists.

A significant recommendation from researcher W.G. Roll (USA) is highlighted: equipment should be installed in a way that does not disrupt the existing psychological situation, which may be crucial for the phenomena. The authors assert that some poltergeist phenomena are objective and can be registered instrumentally.

Research on 'Fire' and 'Motor' Poltergeists

Since September 1995, the L.L. Vasiliev Parapsychology Foundation has been actively studying poltergeist phenomena. A 'poltergeist emergency service' was established to identify and mitigate these events, with teams on 24-hour duty for continuous observation. The research program includes a comprehensive study of the phenomenon, focusing on the registration of its onset, including object movement, flight, falling, disappearance, destruction, ignition, and the appearance of water.

For this purpose, continuous video surveillance systems operating in both visible and infrared spectra were employed. Radiometry, magnetometry, and thermometry were also used to measure environmental parameters in locations where poltergeists occurred. The study also investigated the conductive properties of air, its ionization, capacitive effects, and acoustic phenomena accompanying poltergeists, including high and low-frequency sounds like knocks, bangs, explosions, and distinct clapping sounds. Experiments were conducted to measure humidity and visualize phenomena using gels.

Poltergeists are viewed as a result of collective unconscious psychological processes. The research therefore includes a comprehensive study of the groups where they occur and the prerequisites for their emergence. Special attention is given to the specific characteristics of poltergeists in military and correctional facility settings.

Between September 1995 and March 1997, the teams responded to 86 calls. Of these, 22 were false alarms or pranks. In 30 cases, psychological and neurological disorders were identified. In 23 cases, natural causes for the disturbances were found. During this period, 8 'fire' poltergeists and 3 'motor' poltergeists occurred, some with powerful destructive consequences that were not immediately understood. Continuous observation was initiated, initially in visible and infrared spectra. In 3 cases, a full research program was conducted. In all instances, the 'emergency service' provided assistance, and the causes of the 'anomalous' phenomena were identified, with the consequences of the 'poltergeists' being mitigated.

Initial continuous video surveillance lasted from 3 days to 1 month. In 6 cases of 'fire' poltergeists and all cases of 'motor' poltergeists, natural causes were identified, with objects being moved or ignited by participants who were in a normal state of consciousness. In two cases of 'fire' poltergeists, evidence of falsification, deception, or self-immolation could not be found.

Case Study: Sofa Spontaneous Combustion

Figure 1 shows a spontaneous combustion of a sofa, described as a 'gift from fate.' The initial fire outbreak was in the upper part of the sofa. After the fire was extinguished with water, a second ignition source was discovered in the center of the sofa, hidden within its structure. This internal source was found incidentally while repairing the sofa. The water had preserved the fine structure of the ignition source. Figure 2 illustrates the pattern of the burn marks, with black dots representing burnt cotton, indicating multiple small ignition points spread over a limited area.

Subsequent figures show similar burn marks on an armchair (Figure 3) and a high-temperature zone in a concrete wall (Figure 4) that retained heat for several hours after the fire was extinguished. In all these cases, the ignition occurred within a few meters of a person, similar to telekinetic events.

Analysis of Fire Outbreak Data

Analysis of objective data from fire outbreaks suggests a natural cause, potentially related to synchronization theories. The power output at the ignition points is estimated to be around 10W, sufficient to ignite materials, and occurs within volumes of a few cubic millimeters over seconds. This is considered sufficient for igniting objects.

Methodology for Studying Poltergeists

The study of poltergeists requires modern technical means, including video surveillance in visible and infrared spectra, even in darkness. The author believes that research findings on poltergeists are not scientifically valuable without video confirmation. Photographic materials and descriptions are only of scientific interest after being corroborated by video evidence.

The assertion that poltergeist phenomena cannot be studied with current scientific methods is deemed incorrect. Poltergeist activity is a process that does not necessarily cease immediately upon the arrival of outsiders. If it does, it might not be a poltergeist in the scientific sense. While poltergeist activity might temporarily subside after the installation of surveillance systems, it inevitably resumes. This is particularly noticeable with hidden wireless surveillance systems, which can create the impression that the researcher has left the premises. The distances at which fires and object movements occur (in telekinesis) do not exceed a few meters.

Poltergeist phenomena are presented as elements of culture that make families and households distinctive, attracting attention from neighbors, authorities, and the press, giving a sense of significance and 'chosenness.' This may explain why people are reluctant to part with their poltergeists. Researchers in parapsychology must define their scientific stance: whether they are conducting scientific research or collecting folklore and creating mythologies. While folklore is a valid area of study, modern myths should not be presented as objectively proven physical phenomena. Parapsychologists aiming for a scientific approach must maintain rigor in describing observed facts.

A method for mitigating the most destructive 'fire' poltergeists is proposed. It involves using methods developed at the Foundation for managing collective unconscious psychological processes to first convert a 'fire' poltergeist into a safer 'motor' poltergeist, and then, by weakening the movement, to eliminate it entirely. The report is accompanied by a video showing a case of spontaneous combustion during a 'fire' poltergeist event.

Literature Cited

The issue includes an extensive bibliography of 29 sources, covering topics such as dynamic systems, synchronization, parapsychology, psychokinesis, poltergeists, and anomalous phenomena. The references span from 1881 to 1991, with a significant number of entries from Russian-language publications.

On Apparitions

This section, attributed to Pavel Geleva, discusses apparitions and physical manifestations, suggesting they are intended to attract attention and convince observers of the presence of a superior force. It posits that high spirits do not engage in such displays directly but use lower spirits. Once the purpose is achieved, the material manifestation ceases. An example is given of unexplained noises in a friend's room that stopped after a specific request was fulfilled.

These spontaneous manifestations are not limited to noises and knocks; they can escalate to rumbling and disturbances, with furniture overturned, objects thrown, doors and windows opening and closing, and glass breaking. While some object movements might appear dramatic, they can sometimes be illusory, with noises heard from adjacent rooms that cease when investigated, only to resume later.

Such phenomena are described as common and not new, often appearing in local chronicles. Fear and superstition can exaggerate these events, leading to beliefs about demonic possession. The text also notes that deception can exploit human credulity for personal gain.

The author suggests that understanding the reality of these phenomena can dispel fear, especially if people realize they are not being pursued by demons. The text recounts an instance of six sisters whose clothes were repeatedly scattered, torn, and hidden, despite precautions. It also mentions cases where individuals experiencing what was perceived as hallucinations were treated for madness, leading to actual mental illness. The author criticizes medicine for focusing solely on material elements, leading to misunderstandings.

While acknowledging that some events may be due to malice, the text questions the source if not human, suggesting 'spirits' as a possibility. The nature of these spirits is explored, with the idea that higher spirits, like significant human figures, do not engage in such trivial activities. Lower spirits, often described as frivolous rather than malicious, are said to cause disturbances for amusement, enjoying the fear they evoke.

These spirits may target individuals or specific locations out of caprice. Sometimes, their actions are motivated by revenge, while other times they may have more commendable intentions, such as drawing attention to a need for warning or requesting assistance with unfinished earthly matters. The text concludes that while these spirits can be bothersome, they are not inherently dangerous. However, attempts to get rid of them often prove counterproductive.

If these are playful spirits, taking them too seriously only encourages them. The text suggests that treating their antics with humor might cause them to lose interest. In contrast, some spirits have more serious motivations, and understanding their requests is important. If they ask for something, fulfilling their wish may lead them to cease their visitations. The best way to communicate with them is through a medium. The text advises caution against believing all their claims, especially their self-aggrandizing descriptions.

Regardless of the cause, prayer is presented as a consistently positive response. However, the author notes that strict, formal incantations and exorcisms often amuse spirits and are not taken seriously. If communication is established, one should not be swayed by their dramatic or frightening self-descriptions.

These phenomena, even when manifested by lower spirits, are often provoked by higher spirits to convince people of the existence of incorporeal beings with capabilities exceeding human understanding. The resulting fear can attract attention and challenge skeptics, who might otherwise dismiss such events as imagination. However, when objects are demonstrably moved or thrown, it becomes difficult to deny their occurrence.

Any observed action must have a cause. If calm observation reveals that an action is independent of human will or material cause, and exhibits signs of intelligence and free will, it must be attributed to an occult intelligence. The nature of these mysterious beings is explored through spiritualist research, which allows for communication and understanding of what is real, false, or exaggerated in these phenomena.

When a strange phenomenon occurs (noise, object movement, apparition), the initial thought should be a natural cause, as it is the most probable. The search for such causes should be thorough, and the intervention of spirits should only be considered if there is sufficient evidence, avoiding self-deception. For instance, if someone is struck without apparent cause, the presence of an intelligent being is implied.

One should be wary not only of exaggerated accounts but also of personal impressions, and avoid attributing unexplained events to the occult without sufficient reason. Simple and natural causes can produce seemingly strange effects, and it is a prejudice to attribute everything to spirits. The text concludes by stating that if one can communicate with these beings, one should not trust their self-descriptions, which are often exaggerated or intended to deceive.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of paranormal phenomena, specifically poltergeists, and the development of methodologies and instrumentation for their study. There is a strong emphasis on empirical evidence, particularly video documentation, and a call for rigorous scientific approaches that distinguish between folklore and objective reality. The editorial stance appears to be one of cautious exploration, advocating for the use of scientific tools to understand these phenomena while acknowledging the complexities and potential for misinterpretation. The article on apparitions also touches upon the nature of spiritual entities and the importance of discerning their true intentions and origins.

This issue of the magazine features an excerpt from Gero von Wilpert's book "German Ghost Stories," published in 1994, which delves into the literary history of ghost narratives in German-speaking countries. The content spans discussions on various authors and their contributions to the genre, alongside a section on haunted Scottish castles.

German Ghost Stories: Literary Analysis

The excerpt begins by examining the early 20th-century literary landscape, noting the rise of fantastic literature influenced by authors like E.T.A. Hoffmann and Edgar Allan Poe. It highlights how the theme of ghosts, while having a long literary tradition, had lost its novelty by this period, with writers employing new techniques to create unease and horror.

Early 20th Century Trends

Authors like Oskar Panizza are discussed for their use of estrangement and satire to create a sense of the uncanny, moving away from traditional spectral apparitions. Paul Busson's work is noted for its blend of idealism and the fantastical, while Hans Heinz Evers is characterized by his sensationalist and sexually deviant themes. The text points out that these writers sought increasingly shocking and horrifying material, often eschewing subtle hauntings for more visceral terror.

Specific Authors and Works

Karl Hans Strobl is identified as a prolific author in German fantasy, whose works, while initially visionary, often devolved into predictable horror tropes, including sadomasochism and ritualistic killings. His approach is contrasted with the deeper, more dramatic experience that Strobl believed fueled true fantastic literature. The analysis extends to Strobl's use of dualistic themes like Good vs. Evil and Life vs. Death, and his portrayal of ambiguous spectral figures and anthropomorphic creatures.

Gustav Meyrink's preference for absurd and death-related events is noted, though his shorter stories are described as more idiosyncratic and forced compared to his multi-layered novels. The text mentions Meyrink's ironic commentary on the displacement of traditional spirits by civilization.

Alexander Moritz Frey is presented as another author of peculiar and fantastic ghost stories, influenced by E.T.A. Hoffmann and Meyrink, but avoiding exaggerated occultism. Frey's stories often feature supernatural elements that are not strictly rationalized, with dreams serving as a potential explanation. His story "The Empty House" revives the tradition of haunted houses established by Hoffmann.

Thematic Elements and Explanations

Across these authors, common themes emerge, such as a vitalistic thirst for life that transcends death, sexual insatiability, a lust for power, and the desire for revenge. The text also explores how supernatural phenomena are sometimes explained through psychological states like madness or delusion, though it questions whether these explanations are always sufficient or merely a concession to public taste.

Later Developments and Literary Context

Leo Perutz's story "Just Press the Button" is cited as an example of how the supernatural can be used to explore moral culpability, with the focus shifting from the apparition itself to the narrator's responsibility. Georg von der Gablentz is recognized for his ghost stories, particularly "The White Animal," which often feature allegorical and sinister elements, sometimes with naturalistic explanations. His works, influenced by Hoffmann, include depictions of death, vampires, and witches.

Oskar A.H. Schmitz's attempts to lend reality to the supernatural through ghost stories are discussed, focusing on themes of personality splitting and the metaphysical self versus the material self. His concept of ghosts drawing energy from the living is explored in "Mr. von Pepinster and his Scarecrow."

Manfred Küblers' story "The Ghost" is mentioned as a humorous take on ghost removal using a vacuum cleaner.

Surrealism and Ghosts

The text then shifts to the relationship between ghosts and surrealism, noting that in surrealist works like Alfred Kubin's "The Other Side" and Carl Einstein's "Bebukin," ghosts are not always central but contribute to the blurring of reality and the irrational. The surrealist approach, by making the excessive and the extraordinary seem normal, can lend significant energy and appeal to ghost stories.

Max Brod's "The First Hour After Death: A Ghost Story" is analyzed, where a politician encounters the ghost of a recently deceased person. The ghost's description of its existence in an intermediate realm between salvation and damnation, and its explanation of its sins, are detailed. The story concludes with the politician's struggle to reconcile his rational world with this supernatural encounter.

Haunted Scottish Castles

The latter part of the issue shifts focus to the theme of haunted Scottish castles, presented by Margarita Stewart. It describes the numerous ancient and modern castles scattered across Scotland, many of which are inhabited, some converted into hotels.

Balmoral Castle

Balmoral, the summer residence of the British royal family, is highlighted as a famous castle, though not the oldest. Its history, construction, and its significance as a royal retreat are detailed. The text also touches upon the public perception of Princess Diana in relation to Balmoral.

Other Castles and Legends

Several other castles are mentioned, including Grats and Drum (13th-14th centuries), Stirling Castle (strategically important), Inveraray Castle (a 17th-century baronial-style castle), and Glamis Castle. Glamis is particularly noted for its numerous ghost stories, including those of a count and countess playing cards eternally, Lady Janet Douglas, the Grey Lady, a page boy, and an unknown knight.

Urquhart Castle, a ruin on the shores of Loch Ness, is presented as a major tourist attraction, linked to the legend of the Loch Ness Monster.

Dornoch Castle is described as a hotel famous for its numerous resident ghosts, with its history dating back to the 14th century. The text explains how hotels with ghosts are often marketed and command higher prices.

Ghostly Encounters and Traditions

Stories of the "White Penguin" are briefly mentioned in the context of Antarctic penguins, before returning to human ghost stories. The article notes that many people have their own ghost experiences. The prevalence of superstitions in Scotland is highlighted, with local beliefs attributing supernatural presences to mountains, rivers, and lakes.

"Did You See a Ghost?" by Sofia Vargan

This section, attributed to Sofia Vargan, discusses the universality of ghost stories, suggesting that even penguins might have their own tales. It emphasizes that many people can recount personal experiences with the paranormal, ranging from whispers in the dark to apparitions.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout this issue revolve around the supernatural, particularly ghosts and hauntings, explored through literary analysis and folklore. The editorial stance appears to be one of scholarly exploration and appreciation for the cultural significance of these narratives, examining their evolution, thematic elements, and the psychological underpinnings of fear and belief. The inclusion of both literary criticism and travelogue-style descriptions of haunted locations suggests a broad interest in the paranormal and its manifestations in culture and history.

This issue of UFO magazine, dated 1990, focuses on the phenomenon of ghosts and provides guidance on how to safely encounter them. The cover headline, "ВСТРЕЧА С ПРИЗРАКОМ Правила безопасности при встрече с привидениями" (Encounter with a Ghost: Safety Rules for Meeting Apparitions), by I. V. Vinokurov, sets the tone for the content.

Explaining Ghost Sightings

The magazine begins by addressing common ghost sightings, offering rational explanations. The author shares a personal experience of seeing ghosts at a cemetery, attributing them to the natural phenomenon of gases released from decaying organic matter, similar to marsh lights. The movement of these 'ghosts' is explained by air currents interacting with the luminous gas.

Another category of ghosts, appearing before or during thunderstorms, is also explained through natural means. The article suggests that phenomena like a phantom carriage pulled by four horses or a girl in old-fashioned clothing seen in France could be explained by natural optical illusions or atmospheric conditions. The concept of holographic images is introduced, suggesting that natural elements like water bodies acting as mirrors, lightning providing the energy for ionization, and crystals could, under specific circumstances, create illusions that resemble ghosts.

However, the magazine acknowledges that not all ghost phenomena can be explained by physics or chemistry. The ghost of Golshansky Castle is presented as an example that defies natural explanations, with its appearance in various locations and its purported origin as the soul of a woman immured in the castle wall.

Religious and Historical Perspectives on Ghosts

The issue delves into religious and historical views on ghosts. It mentions the concept of ghosts appearing as a result of 'agreements' made before death, a practice that became popular in the 19th century. The article cites Christian teachings, particularly the advice of Saint Anthony the Great and Saint Ignatius Brianchaninov, who warned against trusting apparitions, as demons can disguise themselves as angels or human souls. They emphasize the importance of questioning the nature of the apparition and maintaining spiritual fortitude. The writings of Archbishop Luka (V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky) are quoted, referencing biblical prohibitions against necromancy and spirit summoning, highlighting the perceived dangers of such practices.

Safety Guidelines and Case Studies

I. V. Vinokurov provides specific advice for encountering apparitions. The primary recommendation is to remain calm and ask the entity its identity and origin. This question is presented as a sign of a strong spirit that can deter demonic manifestations. The article contrasts the advice of saints with that of Ignatius Brianchaninov, who suggests a more stringent approach: do not engage with spirits, do not pay them attention, and focus on prayer. The text also references secular literature, such as Shakespeare's Hamlet, to illustrate the human tendency to doubt the nature of supernatural encounters.

Mikhail Bulgakov's advice from "The Master and Margarita" – "Never talk to strangers" – is cited as a concise safety instruction, with the cautionary tale of characters losing their minds or lives after ignoring it.

The magazine presents several case studies illustrating the potential dangers of ghost encounters:

• The Cemetery Ghosts: The author's personal experience highlights the fear associated with seeing apparitions, even when explained naturally.
• The Golshansky Castle Ghost: This case is presented as a mystery, defying scientific explanation and attributed to supernatural causes.
• The Kirovo-Chepets Ghost: A woman encountered the ghost of her deceased brother, who gave her a warning before disappearing. She experienced headaches afterward, possibly due to not heeding his advice to not look back.
• The Irish Priest Ghost: A woman became seriously ill after seeing a ghost of a priest.
• The Tower of London Bear Ghost: A sentry attacked a ghost and later died.
• The Russian House Ghost: A ghost appeared to children and touched them, leading to the death of one child.
• The 'Black Dog' Ghost: An incident in East Anglia where a driver hitting a 'black dog' ghost resulted in the destruction of his carriage and himself.
• The Kroontfontein Hospital Ghost: A nurse received a burn mark on her neck from the touch of a ghost.

These accounts emphasize that encounters with ghosts can have negative physical and psychological consequences.

Classifying Ghosts

The article attempts to classify ghosts based on various characteristics. It mentions that ghosts are often perceived as wearing clothes and appearing in dim light, avoiding daylight. Some ghosts are recognized by sensitives or animals even when invisible to others.

Distinguishing ghosts from humans is discussed, noting that some apparitions are nearly indistinguishable. They can appear solid, move objects, make sounds, and even leave physical traces. However, they may also exhibit unusual behaviors, such as not casting shadows or disappearing suddenly. The article notes that some ghosts are known to have specific details, like scars, that are later confirmed.

Several categories of ghosts are proposed:

1. Crisis-Related: Appearing around the time of a significant, often tragic, event in the life of the original person.
2. Place-Bound: Repeatedly observed by different people in the same location.
3. Collectively Perceived: Seen by multiple people simultaneously in the same place. Statistics on the percentage of collective sightings are provided.
4. Post-Mortem: Appearing sometime after death, not necessarily tied to a specific place or event.
5. Informative: Conveying information unknown to the witness.

Another classification by Professor Wemz categorizes ghosts based on their degree of materialization: hallucinatory (no physical traces) and phantom-like (capable of physical interaction and leaving traces).

Ghost Behavior and Manifestations

The magazine explores the behavior of ghosts, noting that they can be passive observers or actively interact with people. Some ghosts are described as appearing with a "grave coldness," and attempts to physically interact with them might result in a feeling of emptiness. Ghosts can appear in locked rooms and disappear suddenly, sometimes becoming transparent.

It is noted that not everyone present may see or hear a ghost. Some ghosts are described as luminous or appearing to float. Details about their appearance, such as a scar, can be surprisingly accurate and verifiable.

The article discusses how ghosts can mimic human behavior, sometimes to the point of being indistinguishable. They can smile, follow movements, and even touch people. While they can speak, they are often not talkative. Some ghosts can reflect in mirrors or cast shadows.

It is suggested that ghosts often appear near the witness and in a completed form, rather than being constructed before their eyes. The altered state of consciousness of the witness during an encounter might influence the formation and perception of the apparition.

Statistics on the appearance of ghosts are provided: approximately a quarter appear as deceased individuals, two-thirds to three-quarters as living people, and a small percentage as religious figures or inanimate objects.

Regarding behavior, ghosts can be silent observers, or they can exhibit intelligence and purpose. They can appear serious, playful, or even demonic. Some ghosts are described as having an emotional attachment to a place or person.

The article concludes by defining ghosts in various ways, such as a "misty glow" or a "visible apparition" that appears rarely or only once, implying the presence of a living or deceased person or animal.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the paranormal from a perspective that attempts to balance scientific inquiry with acknowledgment of unexplained phenomena. While offering rational explanations for some sightings, it also presents cases that defy conventional understanding, particularly those involving historical or religious contexts. The editorial stance appears to be one of cautious investigation, providing information and safety advice to readers who may encounter such phenomena, while also highlighting the potential dangers and the need for spiritual or psychological preparedness. The recurring theme is the multifaceted nature of ghost encounters, encompassing psychological, physical, and potentially supernatural dimensions.

This issue presents an introduction to the book "The Phenomenon of Ghosts" by A. B. Tulin. It begins by exploring various definitions of ghosts, citing R. Broughton and Stephen Broad, and critically examining their limitations. The text highlights the work of English phantologist E. MacKenzie, who accurately reflects the contradictory nature of ghost phenomena in his book "Ghosts and Spirits."

Definitions and Characteristics of Ghosts

MacKenzie's observations are detailed, noting that ghosts can be corporeal, speak a few words, disappear suddenly (sometimes into walls), be perceived collectively, be mistaken for living people, or appear before reports of death or sad events. The text emphasizes that while these phenomena are often perceived as real, they are difficult to study scientifically.

Safety Precautions for Encounters

The article provides safety rules for encounters with ghosts, advising to keep a distance due to their unpredictable nature. It suggests understanding the ghost's intentions to ensure one's future peace. The text also draws parallels between encounters with ghosts and those with humanoids and UFO pilots, noting that the latter can lead to more dangerous consequences. It references an article by Vitaly Alekseev, "Medico-Biological Aspects of UFO Contacts," which discusses safety techniques and the potential for bioenergy depletion in individuals who have had contact with UFOs or humanoids. A case study from V. G. Azhazhi's brochure "UFO: Psycho-Physical Aspect" is presented, describing a woman in Moscow who experienced a draining of her energy by a dark figure.

Medico-Biological Aspects of UFO Contacts

Further discussion on the medico-biological consequences of UFO contacts is presented, listing emotional-psychological disorders such as premonitions of panic, discomfort, anxiety, and depression, as well as functional disorders like headaches, fatigue, drowsiness, fainting, skin diseases, tumors, blood changes, temporary paralysis, convulsions, and memory loss. These symptoms are noted to be similar to those experienced during ghost encounters, though less frequent and severe.

Recommendations for UFO Contact Safety

B. Alekseev's recommendations for safety during UFO contacts include:
1. Avoid Approaching: Stay hidden and observe only if necessary. Leave the area once the UFO or humanoid disappears. Do not initiate contact.
2. Non-Aggression: If contact occurs, do not act aggressively. Avoid using weapons, as this may provoke a rapid response.
3. Conscious Contact Preparation: If choosing conscious contact, undergo psychological training and a health check-up. Monitor blood condition and cease if abnormalities are found.
4. Resist Abduction: If abduction is attempted, overcome fear and mentally resist. Do not accept invitations to visit a UFO.
5. Avoid Beams: Do not enter the path of visible UFO beams, especially green ones or flashing lights.
6. Maintain Calm: Stay calm and avoid negative emotions. Do not be surprised by the appearance of humanoids, as they may be bio-robots.

Folk Methods of Protection

The article then shifts to folk methods of protection against supernatural entities. It mentions that in some cases, a simple trick can help a person deal with a deceased person's ghost, citing an example of a woman whose deceased husband visited her and how she was advised to comb her hair and eat seeds to make him stop.

It also discusses the connection between ghosts and living people, noting that in cases of magnetic and mediumistic materialization, any physical impact on the ghost is immediately felt by the magnetizer or medium. The text then introduces a "magical" method of defense used in many countries: attacking the shadow of a shapeshifter or the shadow of the person who sent the ghost. This method is said to have originated before similar results were demonstrated through magnetic and mediumistic phantogenesis.

• Several folk tales (bylichki) are recounted:
• A story about a widow who was targeted by a sorcerer's "message" in the form of a shadow, which she attacked with a knife, resulting in the sorcerer's injury.
• A story about a man who shot at the shadow of a bird-like entity, which then caused injury to the person whose shadow it was.
• A story about a domovoy (house spirit) that appeared to a child and later caused a fire, resulting in the death of the woman who saw it.
• Another encounter with a domovoy, where a child saw a pig-like snout, and the uncle subsequently lost valuables.

The article notes that for household spirits like the domovoy, protection methods are scarce as they are primarily meant to protect the home and its inhabitants, only punishing for disobedience.

The Book's Scope and Author's Intent

Finally, A. B. Tulin introduces his book "The Phenomenon of Ghosts," stating that it compiles a vast amount of material from articles, newspaper clippings, and eyewitness accounts of paranormal phenomena. He mentions drawing heavily from the works of I. V. Vinokurova. The book aims to be one of the most extensive collections of ghost and poltergeist cases. Tulin discusses the challenges of researching these phenomena and the potential for misinterpreting them as drafts or similar occurrences. He also touches upon poltergeists, suggesting they might be linked to UFOs or be a manifestation of negative energy. The latter parts of the book will cover spiritism, parapsychology, and exorcism. Tulin expresses his hope that the book will be well-received by both enthusiasts and professionals studying these subjects, having invested significant time and effort into its creation. He mentions including approximately 85 cases of ghost appearances and 22 cases of poltergeist phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the nature and definitions of ghosts and apparitions, the potential dangers associated with paranormal encounters (including UFOs and humanoids), and the use of both scientific and traditional/folkloric methods for protection and understanding. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious inquiry into these phenomena, acknowledging their complexity and the need for caution and research, while also presenting anecdotal evidence and folklore as valuable sources of information. The author, A. B. Tulin, positions himself as a dedicated researcher compiling a comprehensive body of evidence on ghosts and poltergeists.