Ufologia - No 04 - luglio 1979

Magazine Overview

This issue of UFOLOGIA, identified as SUPPLEMENTO A CLYPEUS N° 57, is a bimonthly publication from July-August 1979, curated by the Sezione Ufologica del Gruppo Clypeus and the Centro Torinese Ricerche Ufologiche. The editor-in-chief is Gianni V. Settimo, with editorial contributions from Paolo Fiorino, Paolo Gastaldi, Gian Paolo Grassino, Paolo Mercuri, Flavio Roux, and Edoardo Russo. The cover art is by Piero Beligni, and the main cover headline poses the question: "Ufology and demonology: Statistics: a dead end".

Editorial

The editorial introduces a new section called "Controluce," a collection of unsigned editorial comments on Italian ufological news, distinct from "Osservatorio" which focuses on international news. The editorial notes that the extensive series on Italian UFO cases from 1978 and classification systems will conclude in the next issue, making way for other topics. It highlights the presence of four Italian authors in this issue, including Edoardo Russo's critical analysis of classification systems, Paolo Mercuri and Flavio Roux discussing statistical research and IFOs (Identified Flying Objects), and Luigi Sorgno's exploration of the links between UFOs and demonology. The editorial also mentions an article by Nigel Watson on the Valentich case and an account by Norbert Spenher detailing lawsuits against the CIA and USAF by ufological groups seeking UFO crash debris and alien pilot bodies, citing Leonard H. Stringfield's work.

Articles and Features

"Ritrovamenti del 3º tipo" (Third Kind Recoveries) by Leonard H. Stringfield

This article, the first part of a study on UFO wreckage and alien cadavers allegedly held by the US military, discusses the general disbelief in UFOs despite persistent reports. Stringfield notes the frustration of researchers who, after decades of effort, have failed to uncover the nature or origin of UFOs, suggesting that crucial evidence might be held by authorities denying their existence. He presents two main theories: one suggesting visitors from other dimensions manifesting as para-physical or psychic entities, and another postulating structured machines from distant points in space and time, possibly from another solar system, operated by extraterrestrials with advanced technology and psychic abilities. The article critiques the historical dismissal of such reports, partly due to the 1950 Frank Scully hoax "Behind the Flying Saucers," which discredited early crash retrieval claims. Stringfield recounts his own efforts to investigate these claims, including contacting the Air Force and receiving denials. He asserts that recent information, despite official denials and past skepticism, suggests that UFO crash retrievals and occupant recovery are ongoing, potentially leading to a significant societal shock if officially revealed. He also touches upon the possibility of a government cover-up and the implications for international relations and the economy.

"Contattisti: razza immortale" (Contactees: Immortal Race)

This piece critically examines the phenomenon of UFO contactees, particularly Eugenio Siragusa. It questions the longevity and continued influence of figures like Siragusa, despite claims of his contact activities having ended. The article references a writing by Leopoldo Andronese that defends Siragusa, alleging that he received threats and was imprisoned for 72 days in Catania, with alleged extraterrestrial interventions during his detention. The author dismisses these claims, suggesting that the wave of alleged UFO sightings in Italy in December 1978 was largely due to misinterpretations of the planet Venus. The article also points to a new symbol registered in Syracuse, implying a directorial hand behind the contactee movement.

"I SISTEMI DI CLASSIFICAZIONE" (Classification Systems) by Edoardo Russo

This is the second part of a critical analysis of UFO classification systems. Russo begins by quoting Joseph Allen Hynek's presentation at a 1969 symposium, where Hynek outlined his simple, observation-based classification system. Hynek categorized UFO sightings into four types: "nocturnal lights," "daytime discs," "close encounters" (further divided into pure encounters, encounters with physical effects, and encounters involving 'humanoids' or 'occupants'), and "radar sightings." Russo notes that Hynek's system, while not mutually exclusive, aimed to provide a framework for studying UFO reports without preconceived notions about their nature or cause. The article emphasizes that this system, developed by Hynek, the astronomer consultant for "Project Blue Book," is the most widely recognized and merits detailed examination.

"Controluce: Precisazioni pseudo-metodologiche" (Controluce: Pseudo-methodological Clarifications)

This section addresses a critique by Professor Solas Boncompagni in "Il Giornale dei Misteri" regarding the "methodology of reducing news to the essential," which involves compiling summarized reports. The authors defend their approach, used for cataloging Italian UFO cases and "UFO in Piemonte" and "INTCAT." They argue that this is not a research methodology but a function of research, serving to inform others. They state that their goal is to present salient features of cases, allowing interested researchers to request original material, a practice common among leading UFO research centers like Jacques Vallée's and J. Allen Hynek's.

"Ufologia e demonologia" (Ufology and Demonology) by Luigi Sorgno

This article explores the controversial links between ufology and demonology, suggesting that UFO phenomena might be interpreted through a demonological lens. It delves into the potential overlap and shared characteristics between descriptions of UFO occupants and traditional depictions of demonic entities.

"Gli altri dicono" (Others Say) curated by Paolo Castaldi

This section features various opinions and brief reports from other sources, including a piece titled "G.S.W. batte C.I.A.: mille a zero!" (G.S.W. beats C.I.A.: a thousand to zero!) curated by Norbert Spenher, which likely discusses legal or investigative triumphs related to UFOs.

"Casistica italiana 1978: un anno di avvistamenti - parte quarta: 15-17 dicembre"

This installment continues the detailed reporting of Italian UFO sightings from 1978, focusing on events from December 15-17.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and analytical stance towards ufology. It questions simplistic explanations, challenges the reliability of certain sources (like contactees), and scrutinizes research methodologies. There's a clear emphasis on empirical evidence and rigorous analysis, as seen in the detailed classification discussions and the critique of statistical approaches. The issue also highlights the potential for government secrecy and cover-ups surrounding UFO phenomena, while maintaining a degree of skepticism towards sensationalist claims. The inclusion of articles linking ufology with demonology suggests an exploration of unconventional interpretations of the phenomenon. The magazine appears to be aimed at a serious readership interested in in-depth research and critical discussion within the field of ufology.

This issue of the magazine, identified by the number '11' and featuring the headline 'Hynek sistema', delves into the complexities of UFO classification systems and presents a detailed case study.

J. Allen Hynek's UFO Classification System

The article begins by introducing J. Allen Hynek's proposed system for classifying UFO reports. It notes that while this system offered methodological advantages, it was initially met with limited adoption by the ufological community, which continued to use Vallée's classification. Hynek later expanded and detailed his system in his 1972 book, 'The UFO Experience,' which became highly influential in both scientific and ufological circles.

Hynek's system is described as empirical, based on the type of UFO observation reported, and aims to delineate prevalent patterns without presupposing any theory about UFO origins. The classification is primarily divided into two main categories: reports where the UFO is observed at a distance, and those involving sightings at close range.

Distant Sightings

UFOs seen at a distance are further categorized into three types:
1. Night Lights (LN): Objects observed at night, primarily noted for their luminosity, color, and movement.
2. Day Discs (DD): Objects seen during the day, often described as oval or disc-shaped, though the term is applied loosely. The shape is prevalent, but the object is typically described as luminous, yellow-white, or metallic, exhibiting piloted movement and rapid acceleration.
3. Radar-Visuals (RV): Cases where UFOs are detected by radar and also visually observed, with a high probability that both observations refer to the same event.

It is noted that night lights and day discs can overlap, but at night, only the light, color, and movement are typically perceived. The object itself, to which the light might be attached, is rarely seen.

Close Encounters

The second major division comprises close encounters, further subdivided into three types:
1. First Type (IR-I): Sighting of a UFO at close range without any interaction with the environment, except possibly trauma to the observer.
2. Second Type (IR-II): Similar to the first type, but with physical effects observed on living beings or inanimate matter. This can include flattened or burnt vegetation, frightened animals, vehicles temporarily disabled, or effects on the observer like temporary paralysis or numbness.
3. Third Type (IR-III): Reports that include the presence of 'occupants' within or around the UFO.

Critiques and Modifications

The article highlights several issues with Hynek's system. It points out that the classification is not always clear-cut, leading to overlapping cases and difficulties in assigning a single category. The use of multiple criteria (aspect, distance, radar presence, physical traces, animated entities) creates ambiguity. The system's attempt to overcome these issues by using a 'prevalence' criterion, where one factor takes precedence over another, is also criticized for potentially excluding relevant data from analysis.

Furthermore, the article discusses a 'British variant' of the Hynek system developed by Peter Warrington and Jenny Randles. This variant aims to provide a more logical progression of importance and modifies the categories. It introduces 'scarce definition' (similar to night lights) and 'medium definition' (similar to day discs), and redefines close encounters. Notably, this variant moves away from distance as a primary criterion, focusing instead on the presence or absence of instrumental detection, effects, or entities.

The Valentich Case

The magazine then shifts focus to the case of Frederick Valentich, a young Australian pilot who disappeared on October 21, 1978, while flying a Cessna 182. During his flight, Valentich reported seeing a large, unidentified vehicle hovering above him. His last communication, before radio contact was lost with a strange metallic sound, described the object as immobile and not an aircraft.

The case gained significant media attention, with many concluding Valentich was abducted by a UFO. However, the article presents several discrepancies that challenge this conclusion and other theories like a 'head-down' crash.

Discrepancies and Alternative Explanations

• Key discrepancies noted in the Valentich case include:
• Valentich filed a one-way flight plan to King Island despite stating his intention to return.
• He did not arrange for landing lights at King Island.
• Despite excellent weather conditions, the aircraft was not detected on radar.
• Witnesses at lighthouses and fishermen in the Bass Strait did not see the aircraft.
• There were reports of a small aircraft landing near Cape Otway around the time of the disappearance, but no wreckage was found.
• Valentich had a $300 check with him and had arranged to meet his girlfriend, which was logistically impossible given his flight plan.
• While his father stated Frederick believed in UFOs and had previously seen a large, fast-moving object, Valentich never used the term 'UFO' in his final communication.
• His voice recording showed no sign of fear.

The article suggests that the case, like the legendary Captain Mantell encounter, remains a subject of ufological dissection. It briefly touches upon other theories, including drug influence, suicide, or abduction, but ultimately offers a speculative personal theory involving a collision with two UFOs and atomization into a fourth dimension.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the challenges and nuances of UFO classification, highlighting the subjective nature of witness reports and the difficulties in creating a universally accepted system. The editorial stance appears to favor a critical and analytical approach, dissecting both classification systems and specific cases like Valentich's, presenting evidence and questioning simplistic conclusions. The focus is on empirical data and logical deduction, even when dealing with extraordinary phenomena.

This issue of INTCAT, titled 'INTCAT', is a collection of articles and notes related to ufology, with a particular focus on the cataloging and classification of UFO sightings and encounters. The content spans various aspects of UFO research, including historical case studies, statistical analyses, and theoretical discussions.

Cataloging UFO Cases: Vallée and Beyond

The issue begins by discussing the work of Jacques Vallée, highlighting his contributions to cataloging UFO landing cases. His work, including 'The Pattern Behind the UFO Landings' and 'A Century of UFO Landings,' is presented as a significant effort to systematically analyze reports. The text notes that Vallée's work was published in various formats and languages, accompanied by statistical analyses of the phenomenon.

The article then details how this concept of cataloging was adopted and expanded upon by researchers in other countries, such as Spain, where a coordinated effort resulted in the publication of a catalog of 100 cases related to the Iberian Peninsula in four languages. The role of American publications like 'Data-Net Report' in focusing on specific types of UFO reports, such as 'Type-1' cases, is also mentioned.

Hynek's Classification and 'Close Encounters'

Joseph Allen Hynek, a prominent figure in ufology, is discussed for his book 'The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry.' Hynek introduced a new classification system, notably defining 'close encounters' as events where a UFO approaches within a certain distance of the witness. These encounters are further divided into three types: first, second, and third kind, with the third kind involving the presence of animated entities.

The text acknowledges that the term 'close encounters' has become widely known, partly due to the popular film of the same name. It also touches upon the challenges and differences in classification criteria between researchers like Vallée and Hynek, which have led to some problems in comparative analysis.

Specific Case Studies and Research Initiatives

The issue references several specific research initiatives and publications. This includes a catalog of 'Type-1' cases from Denmark by Willy Wegner, and the work of Ted Phillips on 'physical trace landings,' which resulted in an international catalog of such cases.

There is also mention of research into UFOs with 'physical effects,' such as electromagnetic interference with car circuits, and studies on the behavior of UFO occupants. The 'Valentich Case' is presented with a map illustrating the flight path and presumed location of the disappearance of pilot Frederick Valentich in Australia in 1978, following his report of a UFO.

Ufology and Demonology: A Controversial Link

A significant section of the magazine, titled 'Ufologia e demonologia' (Ufology and Demonology) by Luigi Sorgno, explores a controversial connection between UFO phenomena and demonic activity. The author draws parallels between reported UFO events, such as unusual odors, animal behavior, and physical/psychological effects on witnesses, and historical descriptions of demonic possession and paranormal phenomena.

The article references historical texts on demonology and suggests that modern UFO encounters, particularly those involving 'humanoids' or 'occupants,' might be a contemporary manifestation of ancient beliefs or forces. It cites examples of alleged demonic influence on weather phenomena and discusses the idea of external, non-human entities influencing human affairs, drawing parallels to ancient beliefs about demons and gods.

The author also touches upon the 'close encounters' classification and how it relates to the presence of animated entities. The text mentions specific cases, such as the Steward family encounter and the Maceiras case in Argentina, where unusual phenomena, including strange odors and animal distress, were reported.

It is suggested that the current era requires researchers to be more than just investigators, but also to possess knowledge of the occult and esoteric to understand these phenomena, implying a shift from purely scientific inquiry to a more holistic approach.

Other Publications and Reviews

The issue includes a section titled 'GLI ALTRI DICONO' (OTHERS SAY), which reviews various ufological publications. This includes brief descriptions and opinions on magazines like 'LA TORRE...DI BABELE,' 'IL SENZATITOLO,' and 'MORGANA,' as well as newsletters like 'HURAGHEX.' These reviews offer insights into the ufological landscape and the activities of different research groups.

Classification Systems and Future Research

Towards the end, there is a note on 'I SISTEMI DI CLASSIFICAZIONE' (CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS), referencing discussions at the First London International UFO Congress regarding the need for more comprehensive classification systems beyond Hynek's. It mentions that organizations like G.E.P.A.N. in France and UFO Research Laboratories Inc. in the USA are adopting or proposing modifications to existing classification schemes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the systematic study of UFO phenomena, the development of classification systems, and the exploration of the nature of UFO encounters, including those involving humanoids and physical evidence. There is a clear emphasis on cataloging and analyzing reported cases. The controversial link between ufology and demonology is presented as a speculative but thought-provoking perspective. The editorial stance appears to be one of thorough investigation and open-mindedness, acknowledging both scientific approaches and more esoteric interpretations of UFO events.

This issue of UFOLOGIA, volume VIII, number 7/8, dated July-August 1979, presents a critical look at the field of ufology, focusing on the limitations of statistical analysis, legal battles for information disclosure, and a comprehensive catalog of Italian UFO sightings from 1978.

Articles and Features

The Problem with UFO Statistics

Paolo Mercuri's article, "STATISTICA: UN VICOLO CIECO" (Statistics: A Dead End), argues that despite decades of data collection since the 1947 Roswell incident, our understanding of UFOs has not improved. He contends that statistics are fundamentally flawed due to incomplete reporting, inaccuracies, lack of uniform methodology among investigators, and the subjective nature of witness testimony. Mercuri criticizes the reliance on statistics and the recent trend of computerizing UFO data, stating that if the input data is flawed, the output will be equally useless. He advocates for focusing on "sure" cases with high credibility, particularly those involving close encounters (IR III, IV), and dismisses less substantial reports like "Nocturnal Lights" as a waste of time.

Legal Battles for UFO Disclosure

The article "G.S.W. batte C.I.A.: mille a zero" (GSW beats CIA: a thousand to zero) details the legal efforts by organizations to obtain government documents about UFOs. It highlights the success of GSW against the CIA, which was compelled to release a significant number of UFO-related documents. Following this, CAUS (Citizens Against UFO Secrecy) initiated legal action against the U.S. Air Force, demanding the release of information concerning a crashed extraterrestrial vehicle near the Texas-Mexico border in the late 1940s. The article explains the legal process under the Freedom of Information Act and the challenges faced, including the USAF's initial denial and subsequent appeals. It emphasizes the importance of these legal actions in potentially forcing the scientific community to acknowledge the UFO phenomenon and its implications for humanity.

Review of Other UFO Publications

The issue includes reviews of other UFO-related publications:

• GLI ARCANI (Year VIII, No. 7/8, July-August 1979): This issue is noted for its extensive coverage of ufology, featuring articles on cigar-shaped UFOs, a paraufological story, a critique of Pier Carpi, and an article on the "non-contact" theme.
• IL GIORNALE DEI MISTERI (No. 100, July 1979): This publication dedicates 12 pages to ufology, including a case from Veneto, a photographic case from Reggio, and discussions on extraterrestrial threats and flap phenomena.
• IL GIORNALE DEI MISTERI (No. 101, August 1979): This issue continues with UFO-related content, featuring two cases from 1978, a photographic light sighting, a close encounter, a South American UFO newsletter, and ongoing case analyses.

Italian UFO Sightings: 1978

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to a detailed catalog of UFO sightings reported in Italy during 1978, specifically focusing on December 15th to 17th. Each entry provides:

• Case Number: Sequential numbering of sightings.
• Date and Time: Precise date and time of the sighting.
• Location: City and province in Italy.
• Witnesses: Names and descriptions of witnesses (e.g., individuals, groups, professions).
• Object Description: Details about the object's shape, size, color, lights, and behavior.
• Phenomena: Associated phenomena like sounds, electromagnetic effects, or physical traces.
• Source: Abbreviations indicating the source of the report (e.g., TEM, PS, SIC).

Notable sightings include:

• December 15th: Multiple sightings across Italy, including objects described as triangles, cigars, capsules, luminous spheres, and elongated shapes. One case in Catania involved a being descending from an object.
• December 16th: Continued sightings of luminous objects, including a cigar-shaped object in Pila that caused dogs to bark and flee, and a red UFO in Pescara.
• December 17th: Sightings included ovoid UFOs in Ortona a Mare, a luminous object in Bitonto, a disc-shaped object in Taranto, a mysterious object photographed in Cervignano, reddish lights in Bovino, a luminous ball in Pian del Lago, a small object moving erratically over the sea in Catania, a round object in Agrigento, a luminous body in Vibo Valentia, and a luminous object observed by enthusiasts in Savona.

Other Content

• "NOTIZIARIO UFO" (June 1979): This publication is reviewed for its rehashed content from past issues, including articles on underwater UFO bases and a bibliography of UFO books, with criticisms of omissions and questionable inclusions.
• Future UFOLOGIA Issues: A preview of upcoming articles, including topics like the "duality" of the UFO phenomenon, analysis of Pierre Guérin's work, UFOs and telluric energy, and paraufological observations.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and analytical stance towards ufology. It questions the validity of statistical approaches, emphasizing the need for rigorous investigation and credible evidence. The editorial team appears to favor direct witness testimony and well-documented cases over speculative theories or unverified reports. There is a clear emphasis on scientific rigor and a desire to move beyond the more sensational or unsubstantiated aspects of the UFO phenomenon. The legal actions highlighted suggest a belief that government secrecy is a significant barrier to understanding UFOs. The recurring theme is the pursuit of truth through careful examination of evidence and challenging established narratives, both within the UFO community and from official sources.

This issue of UFO magazine, identified by its issue number 39, focuses on a series of UFO sightings that occurred primarily on Sunday, December 17th, across various locations in Italy. The cover prominently features the statement, "It is said... that these things often happen in Italian ufology," suggesting a compilation of recent events.

Detailed Sightings

The magazine meticulously documents numerous individual cases, each assigned a case number and providing details about the date, time, location, witnesses, and description of the phenomenon.

Case N° 236 (December 17, Tortona, AL): Franco Mutti, Ottavio Mega, and Renato Cavalcanti observed a highly luminous, almost silvery sphere hovering over the castle for 15 minutes. It suddenly disappeared and reappeared, moving towards the castle. The Captain Sibillo, Appuntato Saragatto, and Appuntato Vincenzo Croce also witnessed the phenomenon. The object, described as a sphere with small luminous branches, moved towards the castle, leaving a trail, and remained stationary for about 30 minutes before ascending and disappearing towards Genoa.

Case N° 237 (December 17, Milan): Several phone calls to the Carabinieri reported the presence of UFOs.

Case N° 238 (December 17, Chiasso/Varesotto): A luminous object was sighted and photographed (also by Customs Guards) moving slowly towards Varese, gaining altitude and shrinking. Binocular observation suggested it was rotating on itself.

Case N° 239 (December 17, Aversa, CE): A UFO was observed in the SudEst area.

Case N° 240 (December 17, San Cataldo, CL): Giuseppe Raimondi (13 years old) observed an object emitting a "silvery light" near the cemetery, hovering for 15 minutes at an estimated height of 10-15 meters.

Case N° 241 (December 17, Spino d'Adda, CR): Natale Lodigiani and his wife observed a "luminous ball" emanating a very strong light. The object emitted three beams (two white, one orange) towards Lodi. It hovered for about 15 minutes, varying its luminosity and flashing its beams. The surface was described as non-uniform, dotted with luminous points.

Case N° 242 (December 17, Bologna): A luminous body in the shape of a dome moved at low speed towards the North.

Case N° 243 (December 17, Naples): Hundreds of people witnessed a whitish object in apparent motion within a cloudy formation.

Case N° 244 (December 17, Codrea, FE): Corrado Piazzi observed a luminous object traveling at low altitude, stopping, and then resuming its course towards the North.

Case N° 245 (December 17, San Cataldo, CL): A round object of silvery color was sighted about 20 meters from the ground.

Case N° 246 (December 17, Ponsacco, PI): Bruno Mazzei observed a "luminous ball" moving at high speed from North to SouthEast, emitting luminous rays and creating a circular effect. This was also observed by airport control personnel.

Case N° 247 (December 17, Verona): Pia Salvagno observed a very luminous, reddish ball high on the horizon, apparently below the clouds.

Case N° 248 (December 17, San Cataldo, CL): Luigi Calà observed an object shaped like an "elongated sack" for 20 minutes. It initially hovered, then accelerated, taking on a cigar shape before disappearing. The object had a bluish color with red reflections and was photographed.

Case N° 249 (December 17, Bocconi, FO): Norberto Rossi and his family observed a species of elongated disk illuminated by a very intense white light, with spikes. It emerged from the riverbed, crossed the road at about 3 meters altitude, and ascended.

Case N° 250 (December 17, Nocera Terinese, CZ): A gas station attendant observed a strange luminous body moving steadily towards the North.

Case N° 251 (December 17, Campobasso): Giuseppina Paolone observed a large sphere hovering over the city, emitting light.

Visuals

The issue includes two photographs labeled "Due foto dell'UFO sul confine italo-svizzero" (Two photos of the UFO on the Italian-Swiss border) and "L'UFO di San Cataldo" (The UFO of San Cataldo).

Editorial Content

The back cover features an advertisement for "libreria galassia" in Turin, highlighting its extensive collection of books, including those on "the unusual" (Saggistica dell'Insolito).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the frequency and variety of UFO sightings in Italy, presented through a catalog of eyewitness accounts. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting and reporting these phenomena without explicit judgment, encouraging readers to consider the implications of such events within the field of ufology. The inclusion of multiple sightings from a single day suggests an effort to highlight a concentrated period of activity or to provide a comprehensive overview of recent reports.