UFO Rivista di Informazione Ufologica - No 41

Magazine Overview

This issue of "UFO - Rivista di Informazione Ufologica" (Issue No. 41, July 2016) centers around the CAIPAN seminar, a significant event for rational ufology. The cover prominently features the title "UFO" and announces that dossiers from the Italian Air Force have become a book. It also highlights a seminar on rational ufology in France under the aegis of CNES, and the release of a second book on the great wave of 1954. The cover image is a group photo of speakers and guests from the CAIPAN seminar.

CAIPAN Seminar: Rational Ufology Meets in France

The lead article by Edoardo Russo details the CAIPAN seminar, held in Paris on July 8-9, 2014. This event, organized by GEIPAN, was unique in its focus on scientific inquiry, excluding sensationalism and inviting established researchers rather than public figures. The seminar brought together about a hundred participants, including university researchers, scientists, and private ufologists, many with extensive experience in UFO studies. The focus was on "Collection and analysis of information on unidentified aerospace phenomena," with four main thematic areas: field investigation methodologies, data description standards, systematic sky observation, and psychological aspects of witness testimonies.

The seminar featured oral presentations and posters. Key topics included methods for investigating UAP sightings by flight personnel and air traffic controllers (Richard Haines), the evolution of ufological investigation (Gilles Munsch), qualitative and quantitative evaluation of official reports on unidentified aerial phenomena in France (Jean-Pierre Rospars), techniques for interviewing witnesses of globular lightning (Philippe Ollier), and the role of the Gendarmerie in testimonies (Frédéric Thomas). Other presentations covered optimizing information collection through cognitive interviews, analyzing sound components in testimonies, and authenticating photos and videos of UAP.

Discussions also delved into the maintenance and utilization of ufological databases, including cost-benefit analyses (Edoardo Russo) and strategies for managing knowledge and collaborative work within GEIPAN (Michael Vaillant). The use of data banks for unidentified aerospace phenomena was also explored (Xavier Pasco), along with research strategies (Jacques Vallée). Posters covered topics like the "Lumières dans la nuit" database, presumed abductions, and ufological metadata.

The second day included sessions on systematic sky observation, with presentations on operational space and air surveillance by the Air Force (Christophe Colliard), the FRIPON project for sky surveillance (Jérémie Vauballion), and the study of globular lightning and transient luminous phenomena during thunderstorms (Raymond Piccoli). Research into Hessdalen phenomena, instrumental monitoring of aerial anomalies, and experimental strategies for unidentified aerospace phenomena were also discussed.

A significant portion of the seminar addressed the psychological aspects of testimony, with presentations on the importance of psychological and emotional context in analyzing UAP witness accounts (Thomas Rabeyron), the influence of culture on UFO sightings (Jean-Michel Abrassart), and the impact of beliefs on testimonies (Romain Bouvet).

The seminar concluded with a roundtable discussion involving Jacques Vallée, Bertrand Meheust, Jacques Arnould, and Ron Westrum, followed by closing remarks from Xavier Passot. The article emphasizes that CAIPAN represented a turning point for ufological research, fostering international collaboration among scientists and private researchers.

The Antecedents, Background, and Role of CISU

This section details the events leading up to the CAIPAN seminar, tracing back to a meeting in Paris a year and a half prior. The visit of the international director of MUFON, Dave MacDonald, organized by John Tomlinson, aimed to establish a French branch and formalize a protocol between MUFON and GEIPAN. This led to various agreements and collaborations, including discussions between Xavier Passot and Edoardo Russo about a potential European meeting. The CAIPAN seminar itself was a result of these efforts, with CISU playing a role in defining its objectives and participants. The seminar also provided an opportunity for European ufologists to connect, with social dinners organized by CISU facilitating exchanges with international experts like Richard Haines, Tom Tulien, Jacques Vallée, and Ron Westrum.

Relations and Studies: Towards a New Ufology

Giuseppe Stilo's article reviews several presentations from the CAIPAN seminar, focusing on the contributions to a new ufology. He highlights Gilles Munsch's work on "Ufological Investigation: Chronicle of a Mutation," which emphasizes the need for ufologists to adapt to evolving data acquisition methods and computational capabilities. Jean-Pierre Rospars presented his quantitative analysis of official reports on unidentified aerial phenomena in France between 1951 and 1979.

Jean-Luc Lemaire discussed "Distance Training for Investigators," outlining a distance learning program designed to train new ufologists. The article also touches upon the use of the internet for investigations, as presented by Jean-Marc Wattecamps, who noted the growing availability of online resources for researchers.

The Role of Ufological Databases

Edoardo Russo's article examines the role of ufological databases, presenting a cost-benefit analysis of comprehensive archives. He traces the history of UFO data collection, from early pioneers like Guy Quincy and Richard Hall to the work of Jacques Vallée and David Saunders. The article distinguishes between selective databases (focusing on specific types of cases) and comprehensive databases that include all available information. It highlights Italian efforts in UFO data collection, including projects by the Sezione Ufologica Fiorentina (SUF) and the Centro Ufologico Nazionale (CUN), as well as annual reports from the Italian Air Force. The CISU's national database, containing over 25,000 sightings, is also mentioned. The author argues for the convenience of comprehensive, all-inclusive data collection, citing the potential for serendipitous discoveries and the need to avoid premature exclusion of potentially relevant information.

The NARCAP Method

Marco Orlandi's article details Richard Haines' presentation on "The NARCAP Method: How to Collect and Analyze Pilot Testimonies." Haines, a lead scientist for the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP), emphasizes the reliability of pilot testimonies due to their training and access to onboard instrumentation. The article outlines the structure of Haines' presentation, covering introduction, interview techniques, cockpit documentation, event reconstruction, data analysis, and recommendations. It highlights the importance of a scientific approach, the use of technology like Google Earth and Flightradar24, and the need for investigators to possess a strong understanding of aviation and pilot psychology.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly advocates for a rational, scientific approach to ufology. The CAIPAN seminar, as detailed throughout the magazine, represents a shift towards rigorous methodology, data analysis, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The emphasis on scientific rigor, the use of databases, and the careful analysis of witness testimonies, particularly from trained observers like pilots, underscores the editorial stance. The magazine promotes the idea that ufology should be treated as a serious field of study, open to contributions from various scientific disciplines, and free from sensationalism. The role of organizations like GEIPAN and CISU in advancing this rational approach is consistently highlighted.

This issue of "Seminario Caipan" (Issue 41, July 2016) is published by "Rivista di Informazione Ufologica" and focuses on ufological investigation techniques and historical cases. The main cover headline announces the completion of a panorama of the 1954 UFO wave with the release of the second volume of "Il Quinto Cavaliere dell'Apocalisse" by Giuseppe Stilo.

The Cognitive Interview in Ufology

The issue extensively discusses the Cognitive Interview (CI) technique, an investigative method that enhances witness testimony. It begins by referencing a presentation by Jacques Py, a Professor of Social Psychology, on optimizing internet-based testimonies using CI theories. Pasquale Russo further elaborates on the scientific foundations, potential, and limitations of CI, presenting a case study where he applied the technique.

The article highlights that CI can significantly increase the accuracy of information gathered from witnesses, especially compared to traditional interview methods. It emphasizes the importance of the interviewer being knowledgeable in the subject matter to ask appropriate questions and understand the nuances of a pilot's or air traffic controller's testimony. The article stresses that ufology should not be a mere hobby but a serious pursuit requiring motivated and culturally adept individuals.

Key aspects of CI are detailed, including its effectiveness in recovering information and its applicability to ufological investigations. The article contrasts CI with other interview methods, such as the 'Mutt and Jeff' technique, and discusses the psychological factors that can affect memory and testimony, such as transience, absentmindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. The work of Elizabeth Loftus on the 'misinformation effect' is cited.

The four phases of the Cognitive Interview are outlined:
1. Rapport Building: Establishing mutual trust and a comfortable environment for the witness.
2. Free Recall: Allowing the witness to recount the event without interruption, encouraging them to mentally relive the context.
3. Questioning: Asking specific questions to elicit further details, including using techniques like reverse order recall and asking for drawings.
4. Closure: Concluding the interview amicably and thanking the witness.

The article acknowledges the logistical challenges of applying CI in ufology, such as the time commitment required and the difficulty of accessing original locations. However, it concludes that CI is a valuable tool when used judiciously.

Case Studies and Historical Analysis

IR-3 A Villa Literno: A High Strangeness Case

This section details an interview conducted using CI with a witness (identified as A.) about an event that occurred in July 1967 or 1968 in Villa Literno, Italy, when the witness was a child. The witness described a strange, smoking object with a circular base and numerous tubes, resembling a machine. An entity, dressed in dark clothing with a helmet, was seen maintaining the object. The object then silently lifted off and disappeared. The interview process, including rapport building, free recall, questioning, and closure, is described.

The 1954 UFO Wave: "Il Quinto Cavaliere dell'Apocalisse"

Giuseppe Stilo discusses his extensive research into the "ondata '54" (1954 wave) of UFO sightings, presented in his book "Il Quinto Cavaliere dell'Apocalisse." He notes that the wave can be divided into two sub-waves: a major one from October to November and a smaller one in December. Stilo collected over 1124 reports for this period, which he considers unprecedented for Italy at the time.

He identifies two peculiar characteristics of the 1954 Italian wave: the "siliceous fluff" (bambagia silicea) and encounters with animated entities. The siliceous fluff phenomenon, described as falling strands, was associated with sightings of highly structured flying objects, often observed during daylight hours. The encounters with entities marked a shift, with the 'Martian' no longer necessarily associated with a flying saucer, foreshadowing later contactee narratives.

Stilo also touches upon the geographical distribution of sightings, noting a concentration in richer, more educated areas of northwestern Italy, while other regions experienced fewer reports. He questions the reasons for this divergence.

Alberto Perego and the Birth of Italian Ufology

This section examines the life and work of Alberto Perego (1903-1981), a pivotal figure in early Italian ufology. Perego, initially a diplomat, became deeply involved in ufology after witnessing a formation of white lights over Rome on November 6, 1954. His research was significantly influenced by contactee George Adamski, from whom he received information about extraterrestrial manifestations and the concept of 'electromagnetic aviation.'

Perego founded the Italian association CISAER and became a prominent ufologist, advocating for the extraterrestrial hypothesis. The article notes his career decline in ufology after a period of prominence. It also discusses the challenges of interpreting Perego's writings and the need for rigorous historical analysis rather than mere idolization.

Nazi Discs: The Myth Crystallizes

This section discusses the crystallization of the myth of Nazi UFOs, particularly during the 1953-54 period. It highlights the incorporation of legends about German super-weapons into the UFO narrative. The article cautions against treating all related narratives as a single, unified phenomenon, emphasizing the need to discern different origins and intentions.

It mentions key figures like Georg Klein, who reportedly described the first flight of a German flying disc in 1945, and Habermohl. The article notes that the Nazi UFO myth is complex and often intertwined with other esoteric and occult themes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes the importance of rigorous, scientific investigation in ufology, advocating for methodologies like the Cognitive Interview. It highlights the need for critical analysis of witness testimony and historical data, moving beyond mere belief to a deeper understanding of the phenomena and their cultural context. The editorial stance appears to favor a scholarly approach to ufology, focusing on historical research, psychological aspects of testimony, and the evolution of UFO beliefs.

The magazine also promotes its own publications, such as the "Documenti UFO - Le Monografie del CISU" series, featuring a thesis on the social construction of the UFO phenomenon.

This issue of UFO magazine, dated July 2016, features a cover story titled "Aperti a due giornalisti gli archivi dell'Aeronautica" (Two Journalists Open the Aeronautics Archives), focusing on the book "UFO - I dossier Italiani" by Vincenzo Sinapi and Lao Petrilli. The magazine delves into various aspects of ufology, including historical cases, the role of propaganda balloons, and the official documentation of UFO sightings.

Operation Origins: The Spanish Wave of 1954

The article "L'ondata spagnola del 1954" (The Spanish Wave of 1954) by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos and Juan Carlos Victorio Uranga investigates numerous alleged UFO sightings and landings in Spain during December 1954. The authors propose that many of these incidents were likely caused by propaganda balloons launched as part of Cold War operations. They detail cases from various Spanish provinces, including Badajoz, Saragozza, Teruel, and Gipuzkoa, often describing objects with characteristics consistent with balloons, such as plastic or nylon construction, fluctuating movements, and unusual shapes. The article highlights the 'Operazione FOCUS,' a campaign involving balloons carrying propaganda leaflets into Eastern Bloc countries, which may have extended to Spain.

The magazine also touches upon the 'Operation Origins' project, which aims to document Italian UFO cases. It notes that while many cases are attributed to balloons, some, like the one in Fuenterrabía, remain unexplained.

The 'Super-Classic' Case of Rosa Lotti

Another section, "IL SUPER-CLASSICO," discusses the well-known case of Rosa Lotti, a witness who reported an encounter with entities. The article emphasizes that the detailed reporting of this case largely stems from the work of journalist Leonardo Pinzauti (writing as Piero Leonardi) in the 'Giornale del Mattino' in 1954. Pinzauti's articles, and subsequent illustrations by Walter Molino, brought the case to wider attention. The author suggests that Lotti's experience might have had a deeper psychological or anthropological dimension.

Writers and UFOs: Flaiano and Moravia

The magazine explores the intersection of literature and ufology through the lens of Italian writers. "UN MARZIANO A ROMA" examines Ennio Flaiano's engagement with UFO themes, particularly his play 'Un marziano a Roma,' inspired by the UFO wave of 1954. While Flaiano's interest is noted, the article suggests his engagement was primarily literary. In contrast, Alberto Moravia is mentioned as having had personal sightings, though he discussed them with his characteristic detachment. The article also touches upon a sociological experiment organized by Marco Cagnetta related to UFO sightings in the Venetian region.

'Operation Origins' Continues

The section "L'OPERAZIONE ORIGINI" PROSEGUE" announces the author's ongoing work on a new book covering the years 1947-1949, continuing the 'Operazione Origini' project. The focus is shifting towards the history of ideas surrounding UFOs, emphasizing that the phenomenon of interest in flying saucers predates the 1946-1947 period.

The 'Innocents' Day' Strage of UFOs

"IL GIORNO DELLA STRAGE DEGLI INNOCENTI" (The Day of the Innocents' Massacre) humorously recounts how the Spanish tradition of 'Innocents' Day' (December 28th) was used to stage mock UFO landings and encounters in Madrid and Almadén, with people dressed as 'martians' and UFOs. These events are presented as hoaxes or pranks related to the prevailing UFO interest.

Behind the Balloons: Cold War Activities

The article "DIETRO AI PALLONI LE ATTIVITÀ DELLA GUERRA FREDDA" (Behind the Balloons: Cold War Activities) provides a detailed account of the use of propaganda balloons during the Cold War. It explains how balloons were launched from West Germany to carry leaflets into Soviet-influenced countries. The authors cite studies by Thannassis Vembos, Herbert A. Friedman, and Richard H. Cummings to illustrate the scale and purpose of these operations, noting that they also affected Spain and Greece.

UFOs in Italy: Propaganda Balloons and Other Cases

"PALLONI PROPAGANDISTICI ANCHE IN ITALIA" (Propaganda Balloons Also in Italy) extends the discussion to Italy, noting that many sightings in 1954 were attributed to balloons. The article details how these balloons, often mistaken for UFOs, were part of psychological warfare campaigns. It also mentions other cases, including those involving weather balloons and potential misidentifications.

'UFO - I dossier Italiani': An Official Archive

The interview "Aperti a due giornalisti gli archivi dell'Aeronautica" (Two Journalists Open the Aeronautics Archives) features Vincenzo Sinapi discussing the book "UFO - I dossier Italiani." Sinapi and co-author Lao Petrilli gained access to the archives of the Italian Air Force's General Security Department, which contains official UFO sighting reports. Sinapi emphasizes that the book presents this material objectively, without sensationalism or conspiracy theories, aiming to provide the public with raw data. He clarifies that the Air Force classifies a sighting as a UFO only when it cannot be explained by conventional means, but this does not necessarily imply extraterrestrial origin. The interview also touches upon the challenges of ufological research, the tendency for ufologists to be overly litigous, and the importance of honest and serious investigation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently emphasizes a critical and evidence-based approach to ufology. It highlights the importance of official documentation, such as the Air Force archives, and seeks to debunk sensationalist claims by providing factual context. The recurring theme is the re-evaluation of historical UFO cases, particularly those from the 1950s, with a growing understanding that many sightings may have been misidentifications of mundane objects like propaganda balloons or weather balloons. The editorial stance promotes rigorous research, transparency, and a move away from speculative theories towards a more grounded understanding of the phenomenon. The magazine also acknowledges the role of media and popular culture in shaping perceptions of UFOs, while advocating for a more scientific and less conspiratorial approach.

This issue of "UFFICIALITÀ" (Officiality), published by "RIVISTA DI INFORMAZIONE UFOLOGICA" (Ufological Information Magazine) in July 2016, features several articles exploring the phenomenon of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) from various perspectives, including historical analysis, psychological interpretation, and the role of media and government.

"1946: i 'razzi fantasma' arrivano anche in Grecia" by Thanassis Vembos

This extensive article details the wave of 'ghost rocket' sightings that occurred in Greece during the first half of September 1946. Vembos traces the phenomenon from its origins in Scandinavia and its spread to the Mediterranean. He highlights that the prevailing interpretation at the time was that these were secret Soviet weapons. The article relies heavily on Greek newspaper archives from the period, presenting a detailed chronological account of the sightings, official statements, and public reactions.

• Key points include:
• Initial Reports: The wave began around September 5, 1946, with sightings reported by Greek military officers and British forces in northern Greece.
• Official Acknowledgment: Greek Prime Minister Constantin Tsaldaris publicly confirmed the sightings on September 5, 1946, while in London. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Stephanos Stephanopoulos, later provided further details.
• Geographical Spread: Sightings were reported across various regions of Greece, including Salonicco, Kastoria, Serres, Drama, Katerini, Giannitsa, and areas in Thessaly.
• Political Context: The sightings occurred during a tense period following World War II, with significant political tensions between Greece and its communist neighbors, and a crucial plebiscite on the return of King George II.
• Interpretations: Initial interpretations ranged from secret weapons (Soviet or otherwise) to signals used by communist rebels. Some reports mentioned rockets exploding or leaving trails.
• Media Coverage: Greek newspapers like "Acropolis" and "Embros" extensively covered the events, often with sensational headlines. The article notes that initially, there was self-censorship due to the sensitive political climate.
• British and American Involvement: The British embassy in Athens issued a statement downplaying the missile theory, suggesting they were likely signal flares. American journalist Marquis Childs's report from Stockholm about 'flying bombs' influencing Sweden's relationship with its neighbors is also mentioned.
• Paul Santorinis's Role: Professor Paul Santorinis, an expert in guided missiles, was tasked with leading an investigation into the 'ghost rockets' in Greece. He later became a proponent of the extraterrestrial hypothesis for UFOs, suggesting that the secrecy surrounding the phenomenon was due to the fear of admitting the existence of superior alien technology.
• Later Sightings: The article also lists subsequent UFO sightings in Greece throughout the 1950s and 1960s, often described as cigar-shaped or rocket-like objects.
• Analysis of the Phenomenon: Vembos concludes that while many sightings might have been misinterpretations of natural phenomena like meteors or conventional aircraft, the widespread nature and the specific characteristics reported suggest an unexplained aerial activity. He also notes the difficulty in definitively understanding what truly happened due to the limited and often sensationalized reporting of the time.

"Il pericolo contagio" by Giuseppe Stilo

Giuseppe Stilo's article examines the 'contagion' effect of the 'ghost rocket' phenomenon, noting how it spread from Scandinavia to Western Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa in the autumn of 1946. Stilo highlights that the Greek wave, occurring between September 1 and 10, was an early symptom of this wider spread.

• Key points include:
• Geographical Spread: The phenomenon affected countries like Belgium, France, and North Africa, with similar patterns of brief waves and a limited number of sightings.
• Italian Wave: Italy experienced a wave from September 13 to October 12, 1946. Stilo suggests that while we know more about the Italian case, much might still be undocumented.
• Similar Dynamics: The pattern in Greece and Italy mirrored that in Belgium and French North Africa, characterized by short-lived waves and a limited number of reports.
• Weak Impulse: Stilo posits that the phenomenon transmitted from the north was a 'weak, intermittent impulse, without great force.'
• Contrast with 'Flying Saucers': Stilo distinguishes the 'ghost rockets' from the later 'flying saucers' or 'discs' that emerged, particularly in the US, suggesting the latter represented a new cultural phenomenon and a break from the post-war anxieties that characterized the 'rocket' era.

"Io, la psicologia, l'università e gli UFO" by Chiara Russotto

This article focuses on the intersection of psychology and ufology, detailing the author's experience writing a university thesis on the psycho-social aspects of the UFO phenomenon.

• Key points include:
• Thesis Motivation: Chiara Russotto was inspired to write her thesis by a documentary on UFOs and the concept of 'regressive hypnosis,' exploring the psychological and social dimensions of UFO belief.
• Academic Challenges: She notes the difficulty of getting the UFO phenomenon taken seriously in an academic context, especially in Italy, where it's often associated with sensationalism rather than scientific inquiry.
• Interdisciplinary Approach: The thesis aimed to connect psychology, social psychology, and ufology, drawing on concepts like perception, memory, stereotypes, social influence, and cognitive dissonance.
• Support from CISU: Russotto received significant support from the Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici (CISU), an organization dedicated to the scientific study of UFOs. She highlights CISU's non-profit nature and its opposition to sensationalist ufology.
• Psychological Theories: The article discusses theories such as Michel Monnerie's psycho-social hypothesis, which suggests UFO sightings are misinterpretations of known phenomena due to psychological mechanisms (hallucinations, illusions, false memories) and social factors.
• Media Influence: The role of mass media in creating and perpetuating the 'UFO myth' is emphasized, contributing to the perception of UFOs as a 'real' phenomenon.
• The 'UFO Myth': The article defines the 'UFO myth' as the collection of ideas, beliefs, and expectations surrounding UFOs, which provides a sense of order and meaning, and is often more fascinating than scientific explanations.

"GLI OBIETTIVI DEL LAVORO" (Objectives of the Work)

This section outlines the goals of Chiara Russotto's thesis, emphasizing the central role of psychology in analyzing the UFO phenomenon. It posits that a phenomenon exists not in itself but in relation to human perception and 'filters' shaped by personal experiences, beliefs, and cultural backgrounds.

• Key points include:
• Holistic Approach: The work aims to analyze UFOs without resorting to a simple 'believe/disbelieve' dichotomy, maintaining a skeptical yet open scientific perspective.
• Introduction: The first chapter provides an overview of the UFO phenomenon, its historical and cultural context, and the role of mass media. It presents various hypotheses, including extraterrestrial, military, cover-up, interdimensional, natural, and psycho-social explanations, with the latter being a primary focus.
• UFO Phenomenon and Myth: The second chapter explores the birth of the UFO phenomenon and its associated myth, examining the factors that led to its popularization and its universal nature across different cultures and demographics. It highlights the role of media in creating the social reality of the UFO myth.
• Psychological Variables: The third chapter delves into the psychological variables related to UFO sightings, focusing on the psycho-social hypothesis. This theory suggests that sightings are often misinterpretations of known phenomena influenced by psychological mechanisms and social conditioning.

"FENOMENO UFO E FUNZIONE DEL MITO UFOLOGICO" (UFO Phenomenon and the Function of the Ufological Myth)

This section, part of Chiara Russotto's thesis, discusses the development of the UFO phenomenon and its myth as intertwined aspects. It emphasizes the universal nature of UFO reports and how the phenomenon, particularly in its contemporary form, emerged in 1947, heavily influenced by media coverage.

• Key points include:
• Universal Nature: UFO sightings are reported globally across diverse demographics, suggesting a common human experience or interpretation.
• Media's Role: The media is credited with creating the social reality of the UFO myth by amplifying stories and using sensationalist titles, making the phenomenon seem 'real' to the public.
• Post-War Context: The period following World War II provided fertile ground for the proliferation of UFO beliefs, leading to theories like the extraterrestrial hypothesis and the cover-up.
• Influence of Authority Figures: Statements from politicians, military personnel, and even Vatican officials have contributed to the belief that authorities possess knowledge about UFOs.
• Psychological Needs: The article suggests that UFO beliefs fulfill fundamental psychological needs, such as the need for control, order, and meaning, acting as a cognitive bias that aids mental health.
• Fascination with Mystery: The 'ufological' explanation is seen as more captivating than scientific ones because it feeds curiosity about the mysterious and the 'unfathomable.'

"VARIABILI PSICOLOGICHE DEL FENOMENO UFO" (Psychological Variables of the UFO Phenomenon)

This section, the core of Russotto's thesis, examines the psychological factors influencing UFO sightings, based on the psycho-social hypothesis. It proposes that sightings are often misinterpretations of ordinary phenomena due to psychological mechanisms and social influences.

• Key points include:
• Psycho-Social Hypothesis: This theory posits that UFO sightings result from misinterpreting known phenomena through psychological (perceptual, mnemonic) and sociological lenses.
• Contributing Factors: Causes can include hallucinations, perceptual illusions, psychological projections, false memories, stress, trauma, and societal expectations.
• Social Influence and Media: Social influence and media conditioning play a significant role in creating false beliefs.
• Deceptive Perception: Sensory perception can be deceptive and limited. The idea that what we perceive is reality ('naive realism') can be challenged by illusions and distortions.
• UFO Myth and Stereotypes: Perceptions are also influenced by the UFO myth and stereotypes.
• Memory and False Recollections: UFO testimonies often rely on false memories, where the observer reconstructs an event, especially if it's significant or dramatic.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the historical investigation of UFO phenomena, particularly the 1946 'ghost rocket' wave, and the psychological and sociological factors that contribute to the belief in UFOs. The magazine adopts a stance that seeks to analyze these phenomena through rigorous research, archival work, and psychological frameworks, distinguishing itself from sensationalist ufology. There's a clear emphasis on scientific inquiry, the role of media in shaping public perception, and the potential for psychological explanations for many reported sightings. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical investigation rather than outright belief or dismissal, aiming to provide a more grounded understanding of the UFO phenomenon.

This issue of UFO magazine, dated July 2016 (Issue 41), focuses on the psychological aspects of memory and its influence on UFO testimony, alongside an in-depth investigation into the famous George Adamski photographs and a report on a recent UFO sighting in Italy.

L'ALTERAZIONE DEI RICORDI (The Alteration of Memories)

This section explores how memories, particularly those of extraordinary events like UFO sightings, can be unreliable and subject to alteration. It cites the work of psychologists like Elizabeth Loftus and Wiseman, who have studied the phenomenon of false memories. Several factors are identified as contributing to memory distortion:

• Role of Time: Memory recall diminishes over time unless the information is frequently accessed. Memories are not passive but can be altered by external information, thoughts, or pre-existing memories.
• Confusion of Sources: The mind integrates information from various sources, including personal experiences, stories heard, and imagined scenes. This can lead to the conflation of conceptually similar but distinct events.
• Social Influence: In ambiguous situations, individuals tend to conform to group norms. This can lead witnesses to adjust their perceptions to align with what others report, even if their initial observations differed.
• UFO Stereotype Influence: Prevalent cultural beliefs and expectations about UFOs can influence how witnesses interpret ambiguous phenomena. The 'UFO' label acts as a convenient category, simplifying processing and filling in gaps in understanding.
• Authority Figures: The presence of an authoritative figure, such as a believer in UFOs, can influence witnesses' recollections. An ufologist might subtly guide a witness's narrative towards confirming a UFO encounter, transforming ordinary events into 'exotic' experiences.

The article emphasizes that UFO testimonies are influenced by a wide range of factors, including the witness's physiological and psychological state, beliefs, knowledge, the environmental context, and social and media influences.

ADAMSKI: fine della storia (Adamski: End of the Story)

This extensive article by Joel Carpenter investigates the authenticity of George Adamski's iconic "ricognitore spaziale" (space scout) photographs, which have long been considered archetypal UFO images.

• The Adamski Photographs: The article notes that while Adamski's photos were widely influential, they were immediately criticized for appearing amateurish and inconsistent with his extraordinary claims. The "scout ship" was often perceived as a model.
• John Carpenter's Research: The article credits researcher John Carpenter with finally identifying the object used by Adamski. After extensive research, Carpenter concluded that the main component of the "scout ship" was a reflector from a pressurized gas lamp, widely available in the US from the 1930s to the 1940s.
• The Lamp Identification: The article details how Carpenter identified the specific lamp model, likely a Prentiss-Waber Co. "Preway L46S" or a Sears "742-761" model. He acquired an example of the lamp and compared it to Adamski's photos, noting the similarities in shape, the "ribbing" on the shade, and the placement of holes.
• Adamski's Background: The article also touches upon Adamski's background as a self-taught occultist and his claims of contact with extraterrestrials. It highlights his use of photography, particularly with his telescope, to document his alleged sightings.
• The 'Venusian Scout Ship': The article presents two of the most famous photos and discusses how they became iconic representations of UFOs. It notes that the primary component of the "Venusian scout ship" was a lamp shade from a common lantern.
• Other Components: While the lamp shade has been identified, the article acknowledges that other components of the object in the photos still await identification.

Le altre foto (The Other Photos)

This section, by Giuseppe Stilo, delves into George Adamski's photographic output from 1949 to 1952, focusing on his early UFO photos.

• Adamski's Early Career: Adamski, an American occultist, became influential in ufology circles. His early claims involved extraterrestrials from other planets and alleged evidence from the Palomar Observatory regarding Martian canals.
• Photographic Emphasis: A key element of Adamski's approach was his emphasis on photographic evidence, which Stilo notes creates a tension with his occultist beliefs. The photos of discs are seen as stemming from a different fascination than his esoteric teachings.
• Early UFO Photos: Adamski began presenting UFO photos in late 1949. His initial images, often taken with a telescope, showed blurry points of light near the Moon, lacking distinct shapes.
• The 'Mother Ship' Photos: In 1951, Adamski published photos of what he called a "mother ship," described as a dark, elongated body with small lights. These were presented as evidence from his telescope.
• The 'Venusian Scout Ship' Emergence: The iconic "Venusian scout ship" photos appeared in late 1952. The article mentions an early, blurry photo published in the Phoenix Gazette in November 1952, which was later digitally enhanced. The more famous photos were allegedly taken in December 1952.
• Telescopic Photography: Adamski's reliance on telescopic photography for his UFO images is highlighted, a practice that drew skepticism due to the technical challenges involved.
• Interpretation: Stilo suggests that Adamski's narrative may have constructed the object rather than the object serving as a model for the narrative. The iconic images are compared to spirit photography from the golden age of spiritualism.
• Note on Drake: A note mentions that similar UFO designs, including one with triple spheres, appeared in Eugene H. Drake's 1950 publication "Visitors from Space," raising questions about potential prior knowledge between Drake and Adamski.

CASISTICA (Case Studies)

Bassa quota ad Orvieto (Low Altitude over Orvieto)

This case study, by Andrea Bovo, details a UFO sighting that occurred on March 16, 2010, near Orvieto, Italy.

• The Sighting: Two witnesses were in a parking lot when they observed a large, round object with five fixed lights (four ochre, one red) flying at low altitude. The object initially exhibited rapid "zig-zag" movements before adopting a linear trajectory and slowing down.
• Witness Description: The object was described as very large and close, causing the witnesses to fear it might "come down on them." Its angular altitude was estimated at 70-80 degrees.
• Lack of Sound: No noise was reported during the sighting.
• Aftermath: The witnesses became agitated and decided to leave. After they drove away, the object was moving away. The car radio reportedly turned off by itself after the object passed.
• Duration: The entire event lasted approximately two minutes.
• Investigation: The witness is an experienced nurse, described as practical, extroverted, and moderately educated, with an interest in UFO phenomena.
• Identification: Based on the available information, the sighting is considered unidentified. The object's shape, lights, lack of sound, and initial movement do not align with conventional aircraft or drones. The witnesses' description of the object's size and proximity is notable.

NOTIZIE CISU (CISU News)

This section contains various news items related to the Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici (CISU).

• 29th National CISU Convention in Bologna: The convention, titled "After CAIPAN 2014: Report, Discussion, and Perspectives for Scientific Ufology," was held on November 22, 2014. It focused on summarizing and discussing presentations from the CAIPAN seminar in Paris, which brought together leading European ufologists. The workshop covered topics such as field investigation methodologies, case description standards, psychological aspects of testimony, and systematic sky observation.
• Passing of Giorgio Russolillo: The section reports the death of Giorgio Russolillo, a prominent Italian ufologist and founder of the "Centro napoletano di ricerche Solaris." He was active in ufology for decades, contributing to investigations, articles, and conferences, and was a long-time member and local representative for CISU.
• New Monographs: Two new expanded editions of CISU's "Documenti UFO" series were published: "BiblioCat Iconografico 2015" by Marcello Pupilli, an updated catalog of Italian UFO and para-ufological bibliography with extensive iconographic material, and "Alessandria 1978 - Allarme UFO" by Paolo Toselli, detailing a case of UFO sightings and encounters in Alessandria, Italy, with accompanying book and DVD.
• Board Renewal: The CISU board was renewed, with Paolo Fiorino, Gian Paolo Grassino, Edoardo Russo, Giuseppe Stilo, and Paolo Toselli elected for the next two-year term. Gian Paolo Grassino was confirmed as president.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and analytical approach to UFO phenomena. There is a strong emphasis on scientific methodology, psychological factors influencing testimony, and the debunking of hoaxes or misidentifications. The investigation into the Adamski case exemplifies this approach, seeking rational explanations for iconic UFO imagery. The reporting of sightings, like the Orvieto case, is thorough, including witness interviews and attempts at identification. The CISU news section highlights the organization's commitment to research, documentation, and the dissemination of ufological information through publications and conferences, advocating for a rational and scientific understanding of the subject. The editorial stance appears to favor evidence-based investigation and a cautious interpretation of phenomena, distinguishing between genuine mysteries and those that can be explained by known factors or psychological effects.

Title: NOTIZIE CISU
Issue Date: July 2016
Publisher: UPIAR
Country: Italy

This issue of NOTIZIE CISU focuses on the 30th anniversary of the Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici (CISU) and its significant contributions through its publications. The 30th National Ufology Conference, held in Turin on November 21, 2015, served as a platform to celebrate this milestone and showcase new releases from the cooperative UPIAR.

The History of CISU Through Its Publications

The article highlights how CISU has carved out a distinct niche in ufology through its publications, differentiating itself from sensationalist media. Over its history, CISU has produced 40 issues of a technical magazine, 14 books, and numerous monographs and reports. Unlike publications that focus on 'little green men' or 'extraterrestrial abductors,' CISU's work emphasizes rigorous investigation of witness testimonies, analysis and explanations of sightings, and statistical studies. These studies delve into the psychology of perception and testimony, as well as natural phenomena, while acknowledging that a small percentage of cases remain unexplained.

CISU's commitment to independence and accuracy is underscored by its self-publishing efforts through its own publishing house. This approach ensures that the content is not swayed by market demands that often lead to the mixing of unrelated topics like conspiracy theories, animal mutilations, crashed flying saucers, and grey aliens – elements that have become part of the post-modern imagination.

Conference Highlights and New Publications

The 2015 conference in Turin was not just a celebration of the past but also a showcase for new 2015 publications from UPIAR. These included:

• Cristian Vitali's provincial catalog detailing 70 years of UFO sightings in Parma.
• New, expanded editions of the ufological and para-ufological bibliography by Marcello Pupilli.
• Pietro Torre's catalog of unusual sightings throughout Italian history.
• The second volume of Giuseppe Stilo's work on the major UFO wave of 1954.
• Paolo Toselli's ongoing compilation of UFOs on television.

For the occasion, Toselli also prepared a special booklet for attendees and CISU members, featuring a chapter from his book dedicated to the television series 'X-Files' in commemoration of its 20th anniversary.

Featured Books and Publications

The magazine prominently features several books published by UPIAR, detailing their content and pricing:

• "STRANE LUCI NELLA STORIA D'ITALIA" by Pietro Torre: The second edition of a comprehensive catalog of unusual aerial phenomena and prodigious events in Italy from antiquity to 1899. It covers over 2,700 years and 2,000 cases. Pricing is provided for the first edition, a digital second edition, and a physical second edition.

• "Scrutate i cieli!" by Giuseppe Stilo: A detailed historical and meticulous study of the first major global wave of unidentified flying object sightings in 1950. It includes nearly 300 Italian reports and extensive press coverage. Pricing is given for the 420-page book.

• "L'alba di una nuova era" by Giuseppe Stilo: This volume focuses on the 1946 'ghost rocket' cases in Italy and worldwide, exploring the precursor to the 'flying saucers' phenomenon. Pricing is provided for the 228-page book.

• "Ultimatum alla Terra" by Giuseppe Stilo: Dedicated to the 1952 flying saucer wave, this book examines 1800 news items and articles, detailing Italian and international incidents, including early close encounters of the third kind and photographs. Pricing is provided for the 542-page book.

• "Il quinto cavaliere dell'Apocalisse" (Volumes 1 & 2) by Giuseppe Stilo: These two volumes reconstruct the major UFO wave of 1954 in Italy, which saw over 1000 sightings and the emergence of 'entities' associated with the phenomenon. The first volume covers January to October, and the second covers November to December. A special offer is available for purchasing both volumes.

Special Offers and Collectibles

An exclusive offer for CISU members allows them to purchase these books directly at discounted prices via postal order to Cooperativa UPIAR.

Additionally, a special philatelic postcard set, "LE CARTOLINE DEL CISU CON ANNULLO FILATELICO UFOLOGICO," is available. This folder contains 4 postcards related to the "150 years of UFO in Italy" event, including two limited and numbered copies dedicated to the convention, an illustration by Giorgio Giorgi, and a reprint of a postcard from a 1965 convention organized by Clypeus. The price for the folder and the discounted price for CISU members are listed.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the CISU's dedication to rigorous, independent, and analytical ufological research. The editorial stance clearly favors evidence-based investigation over sensationalism, aiming to provide accurate and in-depth information to the public. The focus on historical cases, statistical analysis, and the psychological aspects of testimony reflects a commitment to a scientific approach to the study of UFO phenomena. The issue also emphasizes the importance of publication as a means to disseminate this research and establish the organization's identity within the field.