UFO Review - Issue 16

Magazine Overview

Title: UFO REVIEW
Issue Date: June/July 2006
Issue Number: 16

This issue of UFO REVIEW is a UK-based magazine focusing on UFO phenomena, paranormal events, and related topics. The cover prominently features a humorous cartoon about the 'Condign' report and astronomer Sir Patrick Moore, hinting at a critical or satirical approach to some aspects of the UFO community.

Editor's Welcome: "Welcome"

The editor reflects on recent events that have kept the UK in the UFO spotlight, including the Alien Autopsy film, the Gary McKinnon case, and the Condign report. He notes that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) appears to be as frustrated by UFOs as the public and distinguishes between UAPs (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena), which are considered a subject for serious scientific investigation, and UFOs, which are sometimes dismissed. The editor admits to a personal reluctance for the UFO mystery to be definitively resolved, preferring a scenario involving friendly, intelligent extraterrestrial visitors. He also notes that the Condign report has elevated ufology's standing in the media.

The editor also touches upon the challenges of organizing a UFO conference, particularly when it coincides with major national events like football matches.

Conference Announcement

A one-day conference on "UFOLOGY AND THE PARANORMAL" is announced for Saturday, June 10th, 2006, at Altrincham Masonic Hall, Timperley, Cheshire. The event features speaker Nick Redfern, described as a well-known Ufological writer and researcher, who will discuss UK and US intelligence agencies' observation of people involved in ufology. Redfern is known for his book "Body Snatchers In The Desert," which offered an explanation for the Roswell incident.

Featured Articles and Interviews

"I'm A Bastard Crop Circle Faker Maker, A Government Agent, And A Serious Pain In The Ass (for Special Branch)"

This article is an interview with Matthew Williams, described as a "Ufological warrior" who is credited with "busting the crop circle myth wide open." Williams is portrayed as a direct, no-nonsense researcher who was willing to trespass and get arrested to find answers. The interview covers his early interest in ufology, sparked by a sighting of a large, triangular, shimmering object in the Rhondda Valley in 1990. He describes the object as being on a distant hillside, with shimmering edges, and initially mistaking it for a forest fire. He notes that his friend also saw something out of the corner of his eye. Williams also discusses his ongoing issues with a stalker named Tabitha Good.

"The Wilbert Smith Story: Separating Fact from Fiction of a Ufological Icon"

This section features Paul Kimball, a Canadian documentary film maker and UFO researcher, who examines the career of Wilbert Smith. Smith, a Senior Radio Engineer in the Canadian Department of Transport, proposed "Project Magnet" to investigate UFOs, believing they were on the verge of discovering a new technology. The "Smith Memo" from 1950 is discussed, which suggested that UFOs were a highly classified subject in the US government, that flying saucers existed, and that a group led by Dr. Vannevar Bush was concentrating efforts on the matter.

"The Alien Autopsy Film – A Review and Update"

Neil Morris provides a review and update on the controversial Alien Autopsy footage, which appeared in 1995. Morris, who has researched the film's validity, discusses the possibility that it was a fake created by Ray Santilli. The article questions whether it was a genuine autopsy of an extraterrestrial, a disfigured human, or a cynical attempt to fool the world.

"CHINGLE HALL – The Most Haunted House In Britain"

Dave Sadler, founder and co-ordinator of the Unknown Phenomena Investigation Association (UPIA), discusses Chingle Hall, described as one of Britain's oldest and most haunted buildings. The article recounts historical accounts of strange events and sightings at the hall, including recorded sounds of bricks being moved and a shadowy form captured on film.

Other Content

• "Separated at birth #2": A brief mention, likely a recurring feature.
• Robert Barrow's review of Wendy Connors' "Night Journeys in Ufology: 1974-1977 Case Recordings": A review of a book detailing UFO case recordings.
• "Alien Autopsy Footage Apparently Not Real!! Cripes.": A short, sensational headline indicating skepticism about the Alien Autopsy film.
• "Condign Report – Interview with Joe McGonagle": An interview related to the Condign report, focusing on the discovery of a secret document and media handling.
• "There's A Rock Out There With Our Name On It": An article discussing rogue asteroids and potential solutions, featuring an interview with an Italian Professor of Palaeo Ontology.
• "'A Saucerful of Secrets': An Interdisciplinary Analysis of UFO Experiences": A discussion of a Journal of American Folklore article that has caused controversy.
• "The Daily Spurt - Filey man is a real life alien hybrid": A sensational headline about a supposed alien hybrid discovery in the UK.
• "THE LIGHT FANTASTIC": An article by Kithra on orbs and rods.
• "Documentbusters - review of a new film from director Crass Parr": A review of a film.
• "Chris Rolfe's FOIA re the Burmarsh incident": A piece related to a Freedom of Information Act request concerning the Burmarsh incident.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to maintain a critical yet engaged stance on ufology. While acknowledging the seriousness of some investigations (like the Condign report), it also engages in satire (cover cartoon) and skepticism (Alien Autopsy film). There's a clear interest in debunking myths (crop circles) and exploring the historical aspects of UFO research (Wilbert Smith). The editor's personal desire for a specific type of extraterrestrial resolution suggests a leaning towards a more traditional, intelligent-alien visitation narrative, rather than purely prosaic explanations. The magazine also covers paranormal phenomena, such as hauntings, indicating a broader interest in anomalous experiences.

This issue of "UFO Row" (Issue 11) focuses on the alleged involvement of the Rudloe Manor military base in UFO investigations. The content is primarily derived from interviews and historical documents, exploring the secrecy, security measures, and the nature of the information handled at the base.

Rudloe Manor: A Hub for UFO Investigations

The central theme revolves around Rudloe Manor, a military installation in England, which is presented as a significant site for UFO-related activities. The interviewer, referred to as MW, recounts how his interest was piqued by a personal sighting and subsequently by books from author Tim Good. This led him to investigate Rudloe Manor, which he discovered was a highly secure base with extensive underground facilities, including tunnels and communication centers.

MW describes his initial approach to investigating the base, which involved speaking with locals in the Corsham and Bath areas. He found that while the base was a well-kept national secret outside the immediate vicinity, many people in the local area had connections to it, often through family members who had worked there. However, instead of direct information about UFO investigations, he primarily heard stories about underground tunnels.

Encounters with Security

MW details several encounters with the security personnel at Rudloe Manor. He recounts an incident where he and a friend, Chris Fowler, were stopped by armed guards and police, despite having official identification. He notes the disproportionate force used for what he considered innocent inquiries. He also describes being followed by unmarked cars and security personnel, even when they were not in close proximity to the base, indicating a high level of surveillance.

MW attributes his ability to handle these intimidating situations to his past experiences with bullying, which taught him to be assertive and to understand his own strengths and weaknesses. His background in Customs and Excise also provided him with knowledge of law enforcement procedures and how to navigate potentially confrontational situations.

The Role of Intelligence Agencies

The issue delves into the broader context of military and intelligence involvement in UFO investigations. It is suggested that Rudloe Manor was connected to the Provost and Security Services (P&SS), which acted as the police force for the RAF and investigated UFO cases on behalf of military intelligence. Information gathered from various military bases was reportedly channeled through Rudloe Manor before being sent to Whitehall.

Skynet and Dual-Purpose Technology

A significant aspect discussed is the Skynet system, a British satellite system with the same name as the one in the Terminator movies, which was operated by a sister base to Rudloe Manor. Skynet is described as a communications hub for the military, handling encrypted communications from various sources. Crucially, it is suggested that Skynet had a dual purpose: not only for communication but also for detecting radio signals and potentially nuclear explosions. This capability to detect electromagnetic pulses is linked to the possibility of detecting UFOs.

Military Perspectives on UFOs

The discussion explores different potential military perspectives on UFOs. One view is that the military knows more than it reveals and believes UFOs to be non-human. Another perspective is that the military approaches the subject from a clinical standpoint, investigating anything that intrudes into airspace to test tracking capabilities or to understand potential threats. It is also suggested that the military might be testing its own hardware by observing how it performs against these unknown objects.

Nick Pope and Information Control

The role of Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator, is examined. MW expresses skepticism about the extent of Pope's knowledge, suggesting that Pope was likely at the lower end of the information chain and received information from higher departments. MW believes that intelligence departments above Pope were investigating the subject, but Pope was unable to comment on their work due to strict protocols. The issue highlights the military's tendency to control information, often providing cover stories or misidentifications to the public rather than revealing the full conclusions of their investigations.

Unexplained Phenomena and Cover-ups

The article concludes by emphasizing that while some phenomena might be explained as misidentifications or even secret military projects, there are likely genuine unknowns that the military is investigating. The military's interest is driven by the potential to understand, counter, or even utilize advanced technology. However, to avoid public excitement or alarm, such information is often kept from the public, with unexplained cases relegated to the "X Files draw."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are military secrecy, government cover-ups, the investigation of unexplained aerial phenomena, and the role of intelligence agencies. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, seeking to uncover hidden truths about military involvement in UFO research and to question official narratives. The interview format allows for a personal and investigative approach to these complex subjects.

This issue of "UFO Matrix" (Issue 21) features an in-depth discussion, presented as an interview, exploring themes of government secrecy, military installations, and the phenomenon of crop circles. The conversation is primarily between an interviewer identified as 'SM' and an interviewee referred to as 'WM' and 'MW', who shares personal experiences and insights.

The Secrecy of UFO Information

The interview begins by addressing the phrase "Don't excite the public" in relation to UFOs. The interviewee suggests this is a mixture of embarrassment and a desire to avoid panic. Reports from the Public Records Office indicate a reluctance to fuel public imagination, with a preference for information given credibility by military sources over general public reports. The interviewee notes that unidentified phenomena are not always explained, and reports can cause public excitement, leading to a belief that more is happening than is actually known. The difficulty in obtaining hard evidence or "gun carriage film" from military files is discussed, with the interviewee believing that while sensitive information is likely not destroyed, it is also not readily released.

Military Bases and Underground Facilities

A significant portion of the discussion focuses on investigations into military bases, particularly Rudloe Manor, Monks Park, and RAF Colerne. The interviewee describes attempts to gain access to these sites and uncover information about alleged underground facilities and UFO-related activities. They recount experiences of exploring tunnel entrances, encountering security measures, and the general atmosphere of secrecy surrounding these locations. The interviewee expresses frustration with the bureaucratic hurdles and the perceived lack of transparency from the MoD. They highlight the irony of military bases being photographed from space yet being officially obscured on maps, a practice they liken to "childish and crap."

Monks Park and RAF Colerne Investigations

The interviewee details a specific incident at Monks Park, where they and their companion Richard entered an underground section, accidentally triggering an alarm. Despite the risks, they proceeded to explore, finding a vast facility. They also discuss RAF Colerne, describing it as a former air base with a hidden nuclear-protected satellite dish and tunnels connecting to Rudloe Manor for information processing. The interviewee notes that these sites are often low-key, with apparent disuse masking ongoing activity or readiness for emergency deployment.

The Leafield Engineering Incident

An account is given of a tour of Leafield Engineering Ltd., a privatized company operating a military facility. The interviewee and their companion had previously explored the site and heard what sounded like gunshots. During the official tour, they were assured these were fireworks from a nearby party, a claim the interviewee finds implausible given the duration. They speculate it might have been a bird-scaring device or an attempt to frighten them off.

Criticism and Direct Action

The interviewee addresses criticism received for their "direct action" approach to investigations. They defend their actions as relatively harmless, stating their intent was not to steal or cause injury, but to gain insight into the security of these bases and the information they hold. They argue that if a base is insecure, it should be a legitimate security concern.

The Crop Circle Phenomenon

The discussion shifts to the topic of crop circles, which the interviewee began investigating in 1992. Initially a believer in paranormal or extraterrestrial origins, they became convinced that many crop circles were man-made after meeting "circle makers" and learning about their methods. They found the explanations from circle makers more credible than those from some researchers who, they felt, ignored evidence of damage or stem breakage.

Becoming a Circle Maker

To understand the phenomenon better, the interviewee decided to become a circle maker themselves. This involved learning the techniques, working with teams, and challenging the belief that these formations were solely the work of unknown forces. They describe the process as a personal challenge to replicate and even improve upon existing designs, working within the constraints of darkness. They recount experiences of making circles, sometimes alone, using geometric principles.

Blending UFO and Crop Circle Interests

The interviewee notes that their experiences as a circle maker sometimes involved strange phenomena, such as unusual light orbs and coincidences, which began to blend with their UFO research. They found that the stories shared by circle makers often mirrored their own experiences, creating a sense of shared, secret knowledge.

The Experiment of Creation

The interviewee viewed their crop circle creation as an experiment to see if they could produce them and to observe how people would react, particularly whether they could distinguish between human-made and potentially extraterrestrial phenomena. They also aimed to test the critical faculties of researchers by creating circles and then observing their analysis.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently highlights a theme of questioning official narratives and seeking hidden truths, particularly concerning military secrecy and unexplained phenomena. The interviewee expresses a strong belief in the public's right to know, while acknowledging the need to protect genuine state secrets. There is a clear skepticism towards bureaucratic obfuscation and a willingness to engage in direct investigation to uncover information. The editorial stance appears to favor transparency and a rational, evidence-based approach to understanding complex subjects like UFOs and crop circles, even if it means challenging established beliefs and engaging in unconventional methods.

This issue of UFO Reality Magazine features an extensive interview with Matthew Williams, a self-proclaimed crop circle maker, discussing his involvement in the phenomenon and his views on related subjects like UFOs and paranormal activity. The interview is conducted by SM.

The Crop Circle Phenomenon

Matthew Williams (MW) begins by describing his personal experiences with crop circles, including the sensation of trees or wind rushing past his head, which he feels is a well-disguised aspect of their creation. He recounts an experience in the middle of the night where he felt a 'vibe' to continue working on a circle, hearing what sounded like music, chanting, and laughter nearby. He finished the circle and later sought out others who might have heard or seen anything unusual that night.

MW recounts speaking to someone in a pub about a crop circle in Avebury. This person told him that Diane Krishna and her friends were meditating on a sixfold design when a crop circle appeared close to them. MW then contacted Diahann Krishna, who confirmed the story, stating the circle appeared a couple of hundred feet away while they were meditating. MW notes that this is one of many examples where he and other circle makers have felt an urge to create a specific design, and it coincidentally appears or is created by others.

He expresses his fascination with the crop circle subject, seeing it as marrying well with interests in the paranormal, telepathy, and UFOs, suggesting a 'genuine weirdness' behind their making. He questions whether people are misinterpreting them as extraterrestrial or if they are picking up on a 'vibe' from 'above intelligence'. MW admits he hasn't yet found a satisfying answer to these questions, pondering if it's telepathy or communication from a higher entity.

Hoaxes and Real Crop Circles

SM brings up a report about a man cycling past a field who saw a crop circle forming, with an orb hovering above. MW dismisses this as 'made up footage,' identifying the creator as John Wade, a graphics expert who worked for HTV. Wade allegedly created the footage as a stunt to get a TV program, but it never aired, and he later admitted it was fake. MW, being skilled in video editing, analyzes the footage as 'piss poor' but acknowledges it could fool someone unfamiliar with video editing.

When asked if the majority of crop circles are man-made, MW confirms this, stating he knows many of the people involved and can often spot when a circle is made by a person. He explains that circle makers can easily distinguish human-made circles. He notes that while there are a few circles each year from unknown sources, those with complicated design elements suggest an intelligence behind them, possibly an 'alien hand or a paranormal hand or human hand.' However, he reiterates that in most cases, the most sensible solution is a human hand, particularly for rougher, swirl-like formations that lack design elements.

The Prosecution of Matthew Williams

SM asks about a prosecution related to a crop circle. MW explains he had been making crop circles for many years before the prosecution, which he describes as 'entirely a malicious prosecution' aimed at 'nailing Matthew Williams.'

MW recounts taking umbrage with Michael Glickman's statements that crop circles couldn't be created by people. To prove his point, MW planned an experiment where he would create a circle and tell Glickman about it, while also creating another circle secretly. He intended to show Glickman the evidence of his own creation later, to counter Glickman's claims. However, Glickman was not interested in experimentation and seemed 'close minded.'

MW then turned his attention to Glickman, whom he describes as using the title 'professor' to validate his claims that crop circles cannot be made by people. MW felt Glickman was 'cheating the public' and not open to other arguments, thus not a 'scientific person.' MW decided to involve a third party to act as a judge. He approached show host Whitley Streiber, who had Glickman on his show regularly. Streiber agreed to an experiment to balance out the information presented to his audience, and it was to be kept secret.

MW provided Streiber with details of a crop circle he intended to make. However, Streiber allegedly went straight to Glickman and warned him that circle makers were 'out to get him,' advising him not to listen to them and that the planned circle was definitely man-made. Glickman, feeling threatened, involved the police and the farmer whose field was to be used. The farmer, Michael Maude, had not given permission. Glickman informed the police that MW had done this and had provided advance diagrams. This led to 16 police officers raiding MW's house, arresting him, and confiscating his PC and hard drive.

MW states he admitted to creating the crop circle, believing there was no point in denying it given the evidence he had provided. He thought if Glickman was 'stupid enough' to think arresting him would convince the world that crop circles are made by aliens, then so be it. The police seemed surprised he didn't deny it.

Glickman's Credentials and Misrepresentation

MW recounts that Glickman and Streiber later denied involvement in his arrest, but MW obtained a police statement signed by Glickman. He notes Glickman's contradictory statements, first denying involvement and later claiming pride in it. MW investigated Glickman's claim of being an 'architecture professor for UCS.' He contacted UCS and spoke to Carol Gustin, who stated Glickman had given a couple of lectures but was not a professor and had not been on their staff. This information caused an 'uproar' in the crop circle community.

Glickman subsequently stopped calling himself a professor and adopted the title 'Master Geometer Michael Glickman.' MW believes the term 'Master' should be given by others, not self-proclaimed. He criticizes individuals in the crop circle community who use 'very big titles to validate their research,' citing Dr. W.C. Levengood, who claims to be a doctor but only holds an honorary title from the American Academy of Sciences, which he equates to a doctorate.

MW asserts his belief in the paranormal aspects of crop circles but argues that the 'charlatans' are not the circle makers but the researchers who use their 'so-called expert status' to spread misinformation. He believes these researchers are no more expert than anyone else.

Police Actions and Harassment

SM asks about the confiscation of MW's hard drive. MW confirms it was broken, along with his PC, and the video and sound cards. He eventually got it back after much 'goading and taunting' by the police. He describes the police's behavior as a 'real eye opener,' including being given a summons instead of news about his PC. He believes the machine was 'systematically smashed.'

MW took a report from the computer shop to the police, who claimed they needed the computer to investigate his crop circle making. MW had already admitted to this and shown his diagrams. He sought reimbursement for the broken machine, but the police refused, claiming 'fair wear and tear.' MW initiated court proceedings, and the police capitulated, offering a cheque.

SM suggests an element of maliciousness, which MW agrees with. MW also believes this was tied to observation by Special Branch. Having worked in Customs and Excise, he understood how his name could trigger alarms across government departments if it appeared on systems like the PNC. He was aware that Special Branch might be monitoring him due to his proximity to Rudloe Manor, and MI5 might have him on file as a 'subversive.'

He experienced pressure at work and was eventually dismissed from Customs and Excise on 'bogus departmental charges' for allegedly hacking the system, despite designing a database with supervision and permission.

Surveillance and Legal Troubles

MW recounts being stopped by police and having his ID taken, leading to suspension due to an icon on his desktop that accessed the database. He felt this was a breach of security and that the authorities wanted him out. His career in Customs and Excise ended.

When asked about trouble entering the States or other countries, MW stated he never admitted to a criminal record when signing the Visa waiver.

MW was not aware of being watched by Special Branch, but he and a colleague, Paul, were aware of being watched from a car while investigating Rudloe Manor. They took photos of the man in the car, who then drove off. MW speculates that people involved in such activities might be monitored, and telephone calls could be intercepted.

He describes another incident on the Severn Bridge where he was followed by a police car. He pulled over, and the police car stopped. The officer asked where he was going, and MW questioned why he was being followed. The officer claimed not to know what he was on about. MW then became confrontational, and was arrested for not wearing a seatbelt, a charge he took to Crown Court and lost. The judge questioned why the police would lie.

Perceived Threats and Popularity Decline

MW states he has had 'lots of "goes" at you' from authorities, describing them as 'petty' and implying they can 'get you' if they want. He believes they would need to do something more significant than a seatbelt violation to frighten him.

He is unsure if he is still of interest but hopes not. He states he would defend himself if confronted but if something happened to him, it would reveal what occurred. He mentions people working on missile projects at Marconi who 'ended up all jumping off the Clifton Bridge somewhat mysteriously.'

MW believes one becomes a target only if they are a 'serious threat.' He is not important enough for that, but mentions the 'very strange case of Philip Schneider' in the States, where Schneider's widow sent him paperwork about his bizarre death.

Regarding his public profile, MW has kept a low one. He explains that interest in him as a UFO researcher has declined because many associate him with the crop circle subject. He also notes that 'bad information' circulated by researchers claims he is a 'government agent' trying to dissuade people from believing in aliens. This has reduced his popularity in certain fields.

Furthermore, his work has lacked outlets as UFO Reality Magazine and Alien Encounters magazine, with which he was friendly, have shut down. Although he worked as a consultant for UFO Magazine, it declined after the editor's death.

Graham Birdsall and Ron Russell

MW expresses sadness that Graham Birdsall, whom he knew and worked with as a consultant, did not believe him regarding crop circles and was 'nasty' to people he brought on board, such as Ron Russell and Simeon Hine. He recounts an oration performed before making a crop circle, asking for guidance and protection. On one occasion, they asked for an 'interesting experience' for Simeon Hine.

MW describes Ron Russell, a friend of Birdsall, who used electromagnetic meters to measure crop circles and believed high readings indicated genuineness. MW invited Russell to join them, asking him not to 'shit on us like Mr Glickman.' Russell measured a circle MW made and stated it had the 'highest reading of any circle I've ever gone into,' prompting him to re-evaluate his beliefs. MW advised him to 'tell it like it is.'

Both Russell and Hine were 'shat on' for telling their findings, accused of being government agents. Graham Birdsall then allegedly began mimicking this, accusing everyone of being government agents.

Graham Birdsall's Article and Stewart Rixon

MW discusses an article by Graham Birdsall in a magazine, which stated that Ron Russell was asking for money in the US for crop circle research to buy a plane, and that the money disappeared. MW contacted Ron Russell, who claimed Birdsall's facts were wrong. The money was given to a Las Vegas conference organizer who was friends with Graham. The money was spent on an aircraft, but they didn't realize it would take time to fly it to the crop circle area. The article appeared as they were selling shares in the aircraft.

MW phoned Graham, suggesting he should have checked with him before writing the article, as he knew MW was heavily involved in crop circles. MW suggested Graham print a retraction. Birdsall did print a retraction but added that he disliked Ron Russell and considered all crop circle researchers 'untrustworthy.' MW felt Birdsall, as a magazine editor, should not print such 'rubbish.' He was sad to see Birdsall go but noted that Birdsall did not seek information from him on crop circles and printed stories by 'crazies.'

Stewart Rixon and Truthseekers Magazine

In closing, MW mentions Stewart Rixon, who lived in Devizes and may now live in Marlborough. Rixon set up a magazine called Truthseekers, which many people mistook for MW's magazine. Rixon claimed to be 'Truth Seekers' when asked if he was MW. MW contacted Rixon, asking if it was fair to take his name, especially since they lived in the same town. He suggested Rixon use a different name or include a disclaimer. Rixon responded by calling MW a 'government agent.' MW later encountered Rixon in Safeway's, who told him to 'get away' because he was a government agent.

MW clarifies that he is not connected with Stuart Rixon and Truthseekers magazine, stating it is not the magazine they used to produce. He wants people to know this because he believes Rixon is using his name and misleading people.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature of crop circles, the credibility of researchers, and alleged government interference and surveillance. Matthew Williams presents a perspective that challenges the mainstream view of crop circles as solely extraterrestrial phenomena, emphasizing the role of human creators while also acknowledging unexplained elements. He expresses a strong distrust of certain researchers whom he labels as 'charlatans' and criticizes their use of titles to gain authority. The issue also highlights the personal difficulties and harassment faced by individuals involved in investigating these subjects, including legal troubles and professional repercussions. The editorial stance appears to be one of skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims and a focus on presenting alternative viewpoints and personal experiences within the UFO and crop circle communities.

This issue of UFO DATA, identified as Volume 01, Issue 41, published in May 2006 by the National UFO Reporting Center, focuses heavily on a review of Wendy Connors' 'Night Journeys in Ufology: 1974-1977 Case Recordings.' The magazine also includes satirical "Separated at Birth" features comparing public figures with ufological or historical counterparts, and a cartoon.

Wendy Connors' Night Journeys in Ufology: 1974-1977 Case Recordings

The core of this issue is a detailed review by Robert Barrow of Wendy Connors' ambitious audio compilation. This collection, spanning over 44 hours and containing 252 tracks, digitizes hundreds of UFO reports originally collected by Robert Gribble's National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC) in Seattle. Gribble, a UFO researcher since 1955, operated NUFORC for twenty years until 1994, amassing a significant archive of tape-recorded UFO documentation. Wendy Connors acquired this archive, saving it from being discarded, and has meticulously curated it into digital format.

The review emphasizes the value of audio recordings in UFO research, noting that the 'raw, unadulterated self-narrative' can reinforce a witness's account and that vocal inflections can help detect hoaxes. Unlike scientific postulations, Connors' compilation features 'folks from every walk of life' reporting their experiences in detail, often shortly after they occurred. The review notes the surprising depth of military and government agency involvement or cooperation evident in these recordings.

Several specific cases from the compilation are highlighted:

• Colorado Pilot Encounter: A pilot flying a Piper Cherokee describes a huge, metallic, elongated spherical object, about the size of a DC-3, pacing his aircraft and coming within 50 feet of his right wing, forcing an evasive maneuver. An FAA representative expressed bewilderment but did not doubt the pilot's story.
• Naval Intelligence Pilot Sighting: An intriguing report from 1977 details a Naval Intelligence pilot's encounter with a large triangular craft while on a reconnaissance mission at 60,000 feet between Tokyo and Hawaii. The object, dark and without lights, paced his F4-11 Phantom for nearly half an hour. Notably, the object's surface had an appearance like foam rubber, a detail that intrigued Wendy Connors as it matched another report of a triangle with a similar texture.
• High-Speed Pursuit: The F4-11 Phantom's visitor reportedly sped away at over Mach 2.2, disappearing from radar range in less than ten seconds, covering 150 miles. The pilot described the object as a 'solid craft' that defied aerodynamic laws and kept pace effortlessly.
• Trucker's Encounter: A no-nonsense trucker in Montana reported his tanker truck engine being disabled by a disc-shaped UFO, which also temporarily stopped his watch.
• Travis Walton Abduction: Eight entries in the compilation relate to the 1975 Travis Walton abduction in Arizona.
• New Mexico Encounter: A pregnant woman driving with her son reported a large blue object touching down in front of her truck, causing electrical interference, a possible missing time event, and a dazed state.
• Pacific Northwest Investigation: The first 18 tracks are labeled 'Anatomy of a UFO investigation,' detailing the research into strange activities in the U.S. Pacific Northwest in 1975.
• Malstrom AFB Creature Sighting: A sergeant from Malstrom AFB and friends reported a confrontation with a 'hideous' 15-foot-tall hairy creature that charged them.
• Lackland AFB Landing: A former cadet pilot reported a UFO landing 30 feet away, which then zipped away vertically.
• Utah UFO-Auto Encounter: A man in Utah experienced tingling and extreme electrical interference as an object chased his car.
• California Pilot Sighting: A private pilot reported three arrow-shaped objects flying in formation and disappearing at high speed.
• Washington Egg-Shaped UFO: An egg-shaped UFO maneuvered around a police helicopter.
• California School Sighting: Children at a California school witnessed a Saturn-like UFO hovering over their school, accompanied by vibrations.
• Triangle Sighting near Power Plant: Two police officers observed a triangle with red and blue lights hovering near a power generation plant.
• Green Objects Lifting Car: Two green objects reportedly paced a car and gently lifted it off the road.
• Physicist's Encounter: A formerly doubting physicist observed four objects in horizontal flight, confessing to Gribble that he was in shock and could not explain what he saw.
• Washington Close Encounter: Three young people in Washington experienced a close encounter of the third kind with a UFO that made noise, chased their car, and landed, causing electrical problems and physical effects.
• Radar Incident (December 17, 1977): A significant event involved at least four Midwestern U.S. radar facilities tracking two objects flying at supersonic speeds. These UFOs reportedly chased an Air Force plane, reversed course, and caused equipment failure at Ellsworth AFB RAPCON and the South Dakota Weather Station. Maintenance crews found an external radar antenna inexplicably bent over.

The review notes that while the compilation is rich with 'truly disturbing UFO evidence,' a drawback is the inability to follow up on the eventual status of most cases due to the passage of time. However, the reviewer concludes that without Connors' work, these recordings might have been lost forever.

Satirical Features and Cartoons

The magazine also includes several satirical pieces:

• "Separated at Birth # 2 By Crass Parr": This feature presents pairings of public figures with those who bear a resemblance or share a characteristic, often with a humorous or critical slant. Examples include Brian Blessed with Alfred Lehmberg (both labeled 'Mad'), Neil Burnside with Stuart Miller, Stan the Man with Davros from Dr. Who, and George Knapp with Jeremy Beadle (both labeled 'Joker').
• "Jedi Golfing": A cartoon by Simeon Liebman depicts a wizard and a golfer, with the wizard saying, "MAY THE COURSE BE WITH YOU!"
• "Alien Autopsy Footage Apparently Not Real!! Cripes!": This section critiques the alien autopsy footage, featuring images and quotes that question its authenticity and mock those involved.
• "JETHRO, ELLIE MAE, GRANNY AND JEDI": A cartoon depicts characters from The Beverly Hillbillies in a car, with a Star Wars-themed caption.

Condign Report Interview

An interview with Joe McGonagle discusses the "Condign Report," providing links to download the report and related material from a UK UFO website. The interview clarifies terms like DAS (Air Secretariat 2A, formerly manned by Nick Pope) and DI55 (an upper intelligence unit within the MoD). McGonagle recounts seeing a copied version of the report before its publication.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine exhibits a strong interest in UFO phenomena, presenting detailed case studies and witness testimonies. The review of Wendy Connors' audio archive underscores the belief in the reality of UFOs and the importance of firsthand accounts. The satirical features suggest a critical and sometimes irreverent view of public figures and popular culture, including the UFO community itself. The inclusion of the Condign Report interview indicates an engagement with official or semi-official investigations into UFOs. The overall stance appears to be one of serious inquiry into UFOs, balanced with a dose of humor and skepticism towards sensationalism.

This issue of Fortean Times, identified by page number 51, delves into a variety of topics including UFO investigations, government policy, and astronomical threats. The content appears to be a transcript of interviews and articles, with a strong focus on the UK Ministry of Defence's (MoD) handling of UFO reports and a specific report known as 'Condign'. The issue also features a discussion on asteroids and a scholarly article on the analysis of UFO experiences.

Interview with JM and SM on the MoD's UFO Report (Pages 51-57)

The primary focus of the initial pages is an in-depth discussion between JM and SM concerning the MoD's 'Condign' report. JM expresses disappointment that the MoD's three-year effort on the report was largely wasted due to a lack of proper investigation and the author's inability to consult external sources. He notes that the report is over 450 pages long and was initially run off on a printer rather than published formally due to prohibitive costs.

JM explains his involvement began with a series of FOIA requests that indicated something was happening. He recalls that the first suspicion arose when Dave Clarke read a letter from DAS stating DI55 was no longer taking UFO reports. JM had written to the MoD in 2001 about this, receiving a vague reply about a lack of intelligence significance. He disputes the idea that the word 'Condign' was mistakenly included in a reply, suggesting instead that DI55 pushed for a study and report after years of stating there was no defence significance but no certainty due to a lack of study.

DAS, according to JM, did not want to conduct a study because it would give credibility to a subject they had always dismissed. From a PR perspective, they did not want to show interest in UFOs. The author of the report is known to the media and wished to remain anonymous, with his name blotted out on the report, which JM clarifies is common practice for officials.

JM outlines what he would ask the author if he could track him down: his personal views on UFOs, constraints during the report, awareness of the disturbance caused within ufology, and whether he agrees with the report's conclusions. He believes DI55's conclusion that nothing of intelligence value was learned is correct, but attributes this to a lack of investigation, with reports merely being logged and filed, and radar tapes often being inconclusive.

JM explains that the MoD considers UFOs unimportant because there has been no incident in the UK with any effect on defence. He cites the Rendlesham incident as an example where the MoD only learned of it weeks later, causing confusion and a 'copout' response. Regarding gun camera footage, JM believes efforts to trace it failed and that the MoD has not lied about its absence, though they have lied in the past.

He discusses the Flying Saucer Working Party (FSWP), noting it set policy for 30 years and is mentioned in the Condign report, though a copy of the FSWP was not found when Condign was written. JM describes the MoD's attitude as one of extreme indifference, despite some personal enthusiasm from individuals like Nick Pope, who was constrained by policy and limited resources. The MoD's UFO reports are regarded as unreliable, forming the basis of the Condign report.

JM expresses disappointment with the MoD's wasted effort and advocates for a proper study to be conducted, stating he will pressure them to do so. He believes the underlying data of the report is flawed and the author did not have the opportunity to consult anyone, thus not doing a proper job. He notes leaps of faith in the Condign report, accepting estimates of height and size from descriptions without fully understanding the problems.

Regarding public reaction, JM knows the MoD anticipated interest and possibly criticism. The release of the report was delayed because Dave argued for time to review it before publication. The experience of dealing with the media was described as an 'anti-climax', with quick interviews and a lack of hospitality from the BBC, and no payment for interviews.

JM confirms that Gary and Andy were not present in London for the media events, with Gary having broken his leg and Andy's train connection being disrupted. He speculates that the MoD might decide not to bother with UFOs further due to the report's weaknesses, or conversely, might face pressure to conduct a proper study. JM intends to write a critique of the report and potentially involve MPs.

He explains that the release of the Condign report, originally with only 11 copies, was due to the Freedom of Information Act. The MoD had to justify withholding information, and since much was already public, they had to go through it page by page. Their primary concern was revealing weaknesses in Britain's national radar defence system, with other interesting points including international relations and technical intelligence about Russia.

JM notes the report acknowledges the existence of UFOs, a significant first for the MoD, and that the study itself is important, despite its perceived poor quality ('shite'). He believes the report was not given to DAS because of their disinterest, leading them to be left out. He expresses pleasant surprise at the reaction from ufologists, who generally did not 'shoot the messenger'.

JM clarifies that their actions were about stating the obvious – that it was a real UFO project, not a role-play. He acknowledges Nick Pope was consulted but constrained by policies. JM believes this is likely the last major development, though he plans to write an article highlighting the interactions between DI55 and DAS.

There's A Rock Out There With Our Name On It (Pages 58-59)

This section features an article about the threat of asteroids. It discusses the potential damage from asteroid impacts, depending on their size and landing location. The article presents an interview with a 'Professor Palaeo Ontology' from the University of Manchester, recorded on July 20th, 2006. The professor humorously dismisses concerns about asteroids, stating they are never bigger than a few millimetres and that he specializes in hemorrhoids, not geology. He suggests a non-serious approach to dealing with them, involving coating them with cream and asking them nicely not to hit us.

"A Saucerful of Secrets": An Interdisciplinary Analysis of UFO Experiences (Pages 60-61)

This article, reproduced from the Journal of American Folklore, is by William J. Dewan, a doctoral student in American Studies at the University of New Mexico. It focuses on supernatural experiences, particularly UFO sightings, using folklore theory, an experience-centered approach, and cognitive anthropology. Dewan argues that personal experience narratives are the foundation of modern belief in UFOs and that UFO encounters are often based on real, unusual experiences interacting with existing cultural traditions and mental schemas.

A 2001 survey of 183 college students in North Carolina found that nearly one in four reported a UFO-like experience or anomalous light sighting. The article discusses how these accounts are best categorized as 'memoir' and illustrates the integration of theoretical perspectives through a case study of a family. The study emphasizes aerial anomalies within the UFO phenomenon due to its exceptional growth and popularity.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around government transparency (or lack thereof) regarding UFO phenomena, the methodology and credibility of official investigations, and the public's perception and study of these events. There is a critical stance towards the MoD's handling of UFO reports, highlighting perceived indifference, bureaucratic constraints, and the impact of freedom of information legislation. The issue also touches upon the scientific and cultural understanding of anomalous phenomena, from extraterrestrial encounters to potential asteroid impacts, often with a touch of skepticism or humor regarding the more sensational aspects. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, seeking to uncover the truth behind official narratives and explore the broader implications of these phenomena.

This issue of "UFO" (identified by its page number 61) delves into the complex nature of anomalous light experiences, commonly known as UFOs, within American culture over the past fifty years. It positions UFOs as part of a broader social movement that includes phenomena like animal mutilations, crop circles, and alien abductions, while focusing on anomalous lights as a straightforward category.

A Three-Pronged Analysis of Experience

The article posits that studying anomalous light experiences offers fertile ground for social scientists. Cultural anthropologists can examine how cross-cultural phenomena are interpreted and shaped. Psychologists can explore the link between cognition and experience, and observer reliability. Sociologists can analyze statistical rates of experience and belief in extraordinary phenomena. Folklorists, like Peter Rojcewicz, are encouraged to see continuities between UFO phenomena and folk traditions. Historians, philosophers, and religious scholars also contribute to understanding the emergence of social beliefs.

The author proposes three distinct, yet interrelated approaches to broaden the analysis of UFO encounters: an "experience-centered" approach, classifying anomalous experience as folklore, and integrating culture, perception, and anomalous experience.

An "Experience-Centered” Approach

Linda Dégh argues that folklorists and anthropologists should focus on the beliefs arising from UFO encounters, rather than determining their natural or supernatural origin. In early societies, dominant traditions informed extraordinary sightings, and similar supernatural traditions continue to compete with the rationalist paradigm. The author emphasizes that familiar patterns of belief must conform to the cultural traditions in which they arise to maintain popularity. The intention is not to advocate or refute claims but to assume that most respondents believe they witnessed what they reported.

Classifying Anomalous Experience as Folklore

Beliefs and narratives concerning anomalous lights are considered part of folklore, representing explanations outside dominant, logically interpreted notions of the world. A folkloric approach requires examining narratives within their cultural and historical contexts, identifying patterns over time, and understanding how they are performed and disseminated. The article notes that a significant percentage of survey participants reported anomalous light experiences, suggesting their impact on the UFO phenomenon.

First-person UFO accounts are categorized as personal experience narratives, which are usually told in the first person and are nontraditional. Carl Wilhelm von Sydow defined memorates as first-person narratives about supranormal events that might be real or remembered, lacking the traditional content of legends. Modern folklorists accept that memorates can include second- and third-hand accounts. The author considers UFO accounts as memorates, a subcategory of personal experience narratives. Bill Ellis prefers terms like "legend" and "mythology," viewing legends as part of a dynamic "cultural 'belief-language'" that helps make sense of unusual experiences. The memorate-legend dichotomy is controversial, with UFO memorates sometimes progressing into belief legends through repeated retellings.

Anomalous light accounts circulating in communities over time can be conceived as legends, which are then contextualized by experiencers and storytellers within larger traditions. These "global bodies of lore" often contain supernatural or "superscientific" elements, serving as a primary context for the perception and interpretation of UFO experiences. The relationship is described as: belief informs memorate; memorate informs legend; legend informs belief.

Culture, Perception, and Anomalous Experience

Cognitive anthropology enriches the folkloric analysis by addressing the extent to which culture dominates individual perceptions. Recollections of past memories are seen as schematized, mental reconstructions influenced by affective states, ongoing beliefs, goals, and the sociocultural world (Schrauf). The process of revision occurs immediately, if not simultaneously, with the experience. Sociocultural factors shape expectations, and what is remembered depends on these expectations. Linda Garro notes that individuals tend to remember events with emotional impact.

Interpretations of experiences are rooted in cultural meaning, meaning that similar life experiences lead to similar interpretations. Two individuals witnessing the same event might arrive at different conclusions based on their backgrounds (e.g., UFO literature vs. ghost lore). Cultural meanings are created and maintained through the interaction of extrapersonal and intrapersonal realms. Individual psychology and surrounding culture must be studied together.

Meanings are based on cultural schemas, which are learned mental structures that organize knowledge. Schemas can reconstruct past events, determine the meaning of ongoing experiences, and impart expectations for future experiences. Interpretations of experiences typically arise automatically.

In anomalous experiences, reflection is likely, and exposure to media like television specials on UFOs can influence recall and interpretation. Garro emphasizes that remembering is a multifaceted process involving cultural, social, and cognitive facets. Cognitive schemas build a bridge between folkloric and experience-centered approaches, drawing on cultural themes and personal experience. Cultural forms may shape recollections, while folklorists add the study of specific templates or stylized forms.

The Spectrum of Experience

The issue presents a case study of a family in Pennsylvania who witnessed a series of anomalous lights over several weeks in 1986. The family, later living in Florida, each took away something significant from the shared experience. The daughter, initially two years old, remembered swirling reddish-pinkish and green lights. The mother described rotating pink and green lights, a hovering spotlight, and the object's silence. The father described red, blue, green, and white lights alternating around a larger, elliptical shape, also noting the silence and the object's rapid vertical ascent.

The mother estimated seeing the object approximately fifty times, while the father estimated seeing it perhaps a dozen times. The father noted that people in town were also seeing similar phenomena and that utility trucks with antennas were present, speculated to be from the Aerospace Agency. He described the objects as having a discus shape, with the center not moving, and mentioned that people got it on film.

The family's accounts are considered memorates, as they are first-person narratives less influenced by popular culture. The daughter developed an interest in UFOs and extraterrestrial life, viewing the experience as evidence of other intelligent life. The mother expressed a similar sentiment, believing there must be something from another galaxy. The father, less familiar with UFO lore, speculated that the technology was not earthly.

The case highlights the complex interaction between experience and cultural influences. The daughter's interpretation was directly affected by later exposure to UFO literature. The family concluded the anomaly was likely extraterrestrial, with the father mentioning governmental conspiracy themes.

The article then discusses common characteristics of UFO sightings worldwide: they are usually unsought, occur randomly, often at night, appear in various shapes and sizes (elliptical, cigar-shaped, triangular), exhibit strange maneuvers, lack noise, and are perceived as crafts. The family's sighting aligns with most of these characteristics, including the elliptical movement of lights, impossible maneuver, and lack of noise.

The Pennsylvania Sighting Analysis

The family's sighting, occurring over several weeks, could constitute a "wave" of UFO activity. By Hufford's approach, their accounts share key elements with other UFO encounters. The descriptions of the lights varied among family members, with the father and mother discerning a larger, darker object. The mother noted a spotlight, which the father did not recall. These discrepancies are attributed to the effects of memory and the reconstruction of events over time. The father's lower estimate of sightings compared to the mother's also supports this idea.

Incorporating schema theory, variations in descriptions are expected due to the time elapsed. The parents' differing details about the object's color and the spotlight are noted. The mother's initial processing involved trying to fit the experience into mundane schemas (like a helicopter), which did not match. She then relied on a UFO "archetype." The similarities—approximate size, shape, maneuvering, and lack of noise—suggest either a shared UFO schema or the witnessing of the same event. The article concludes that both are likely true for some shared UFO experiences.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the academic study of UFO phenomena, emphasizing the importance of folklore, cultural anthropology, and cognitive psychology in understanding anomalous experiences. The editorial stance appears to be one of objective inquiry, seeking to analyze UFO sightings as cultural and psychological phenomena rather than definitively proving or disproving their existence. The article stresses the complex interplay between personal experience, cultural traditions, and the way individuals interpret and recount these events, suggesting that UFOs remain a popular subject due to the ongoing sharing of personal narratives.

This issue of "The Daily Spurt" (Issue 77, dated approximately 2006) presents a sensationalist headline about a "FILEY MAN IS A REAL LIFE ALIEN HYBRID," featuring "Russ Kellett" and a quote from a fictional "Dr. Bunsen Berner." The cover also mentions an "X-ray at Leeds General Hospital reveals truth!!!!!!!!" and "And this is how, anthropologically speaking, he got there.............." The price is listed as 75p.

The "Filey Man" Article

The article focuses on Russ Kellett, who is presented as an alien hybrid. Dr. Bunsen Berner, identified as a UK gov't chief scientific officer, is quoted as saying, "Russ Kellett has six small hearts which are pumped by a mini advanced gas nuclear reactor on the left hand side of his frontal lobe." Russ Kellett himself is quoted as saying, "I'm stunned. I thought it was indigestion."

The Light Fantastic: Light Circles, Orbs, and Rods

This section, authored by Kithra, examines three curious light phenomena that have gained internet interest: Light Circles, Orbs, and Rods. The article acknowledges that each phenomenon has both sceptics and believers.

Light Circles

Light Circles are described as a strange light phenomenon that has appeared across the western world over the last decade. They consist of geometric circles of light, primarily seen in clusters on the sides of buildings. Initially noticed in the USA, reports have since emerged from Australia and Europe. Examples are shown from New York (USA), Vienna (Austria), Edinburgh (Scotland), Notting Hill (London), and Berlin (Germany). The lights often resemble reflections of the sun and may contain an X-shape. However, the number of lights observed does not always correspond to the number of windows, and some change rapidly while others remain unaltered.

Scientific explanations for Light Circles are presented as forthcoming. One idea suggests reflections caused by the inward curve of window glass, with the "X" shape attributed to interference. However, a scientist quoted argues that the concavity required would be considerable, and the 'waveness' of glass makes straight interference unlikely. The article also raises questions about why concave surfaces appear in such masses, why light circles appear on some or all windowpanes, and why a bright X appears in the center of a reflection. It notes that these explanations do not account for rhomb or octagon shapes.

Most light circles appear to coincide with the sun's angle and are seen at specific times of day, though some are seasonal or only appear during bright moonlight. Notably, some have been seen when people have wished to see them, which is compared to a person wishing to see a UFO claiming to have seen one.

An article by J. D. Rabbit, "Circles of Light," is referenced, which discusses numerous reported and photographed circles appearing on bedroom walls, sidewalks in response to wishes, and even on clothing and vehicles. Some designs are said to change significantly in minutes. In two cases, circles were formed by light reflected from windows of Transmission Meditation participants onto adjacent houses. Some claim the designs grow brighter when people meditate nearby. The intricacy of their geometry has developed over the years, and they may be related to Sacred Geometry, possibly sharing a common origin with Crop Circles.

Scientific analysis suggests that to produce such a focused image, a windowpane would need extreme curvature, which is not evident. The forces required would threaten the glass integrity. The random 'waviness' of glass makes straight interference unlikely, and the limits of sunlight coherence prevent such large-scale reflections without fuzziness. The article concludes that these shapes cannot be caused by mere focusing of light.

Orbs

The subject of Orbs is described as more complicated than Light Circles or Rods, with many sites offering diverse ideas ranging from alien life forms to spirit lights.

Academic Discussion on UFO Phenomena (Pages 71-76)

Pages 71-76 of the magazine delve into a more academic discussion of UFO experiences, exploring various scholarly approaches and the role of cultural influences.

Personal Experience and UFO Schemas

The discussion begins by examining how personal UFO experiences can differ from or alter existing "UFO schemas" (preconceived notions or frameworks about UFOs). It highlights a case where a family's UFO experience had details that did not align with their limited prior knowledge of the phenomenon. The mother recalled a searchlight, possibly influenced by her knowledge of UFO lore from television, which the father did not observe. This suggests that cultural schemas can fill in memory gaps and reinforce expectations, influencing the perception and recollection of events.

Cultural Facets and Extraterrestrial Explanations

The article questions what cultural facets inform and reconstruct UFO recollections. It notes that the family members independently concluded the craft was a UFO of probable extraterrestrial origin, reflecting a contemporary American fascination with alien life. Jodi Dean's argument is cited, suggesting that this fascination is enabled by practices and technologies that disseminate information about UFOs and aliens, such as books, magazines, and television. In a "technoglobal information age," the extraterrestrial explanation is seen as filling the traditional role of the supernatural, reconciling scientific and religious paradigms, and responding to the political hegemony of science.

Witnesses of extraordinary phenomena are drawn to extraterrestrial explanations as a "convenient cultural language" for events that a rationalist paradigm might dismiss as misperception, hoax, or insanity. This perspective provides a framework for understanding extraordinary experiences through multiple approaches, negotiating between experience, perception, and interpretation.

The Nature of Experience and Cultural Influence

It is concluded that while the individuals had a core experience that was out of the ordinary, the experience cannot be separated from cultural influences and memory reconstruction. The true nature of the experience might be of secondary importance compared to the realization that, within the UFO phenomenon, experience, folklore, and cognitive processes have a dynamic relationship, informing and influencing each other within an evolving modern tradition.

Conclusion: Scholarly Approaches to Anomalous Light Experiences

The article attempts to incorporate multiple scholarly approaches to understanding anomalous light experiences, emphasizing the evolution of the UFO phenomenon in American culture over the past sixty years. Sightings have increased, and conceptions of these phenomena have shifted with the replacement of religious cosmologies by scientific paradigms.

Folklore and Beliefs

Shifting conceptions lead into the realm of folklore, from which researchers can understand how beliefs and narratives about anomalous lights change and are maintained. The contexts of narrative performance and interpretation reflect a spiritual yearning not satisfied by traditional religion or scientific skepticism. The UFO phenomenon may serve as a bridge across this schism, though not reducing the experience to a mere mental construct. Some observers may logically reach extraordinary conclusions after rejecting "down-to-earth" explanations.

Focus on UFO Experiences Themselves

There is a need for researchers to focus on UFO experiences themselves. Given that a significant portion of the population reports UFO-like encounters, the phenomenon remains a fixture in popular culture due to personal experiences, which may serve as the foundation for the entire phenomenon. Folklorists have traditionally focused on the performance aspect of personal experience narratives, but individual accounts inform broader traditions.

Cognitive Anthropology and Memory

An experience-centered approach reveals that many accounts share core characteristics. Cognitive anthropology suggests these experiences are unlikely to be perceived and recalled in a cognitive vacuum, and cultural schemas play a significant role in perception and recollection, even though research into memory of anomalous experiences is limited. The atypical nature of events may limit how much schemas fill in for actual perceptions.

Interdisciplinary Approach and Scholarly Disagreement

An enriched understanding of the UFO tradition is achieved by recognizing that it is founded on real experiences that inform and are formed by cultural traditions and mental schemas. This complex interplay should be a primary focus for scholars. However, ufology literature often shows folklorists, psychologists, and historians talking past each other, making the phenomenon more confusing.

Thomas E. Bullard is quoted emphasizing the need for investigation from multiple perspectives, as no single discipline has a monopoly on truth. The author contends that scholars need to develop a synthesis of these analyses, with folklorists acting as sociologists, anthropologists, and historians. Lauri Honko's earlier argument for a similar interdisciplinary approach to the study of memorates is noted, highlighting the incorporation of genre identification, frequency analysis, perception psychology, and memorate-legend interaction. The article laments that little has been done to develop such studies in the forty years since Honko's proposal.

Notes and References

The article includes extensive notes and references, citing numerous scholars and studies related to UFO phenomena, folklore, memory, and cultural beliefs. These include surveys on the prevalence of UFO sightings, historical accounts of UFO waves, and discussions on the nature of myth, legend, and memorates. Specific references are made to works by Brenda Denzler, David M. Jacobs, Richard Dolan, Jacques Vallee, Thomas Bullard, Linda Dégh, and others.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the sensationalized reporting of alleged alien encounters (as seen in the "Filey Man" article) and the exploration of anomalous light phenomena like "Light Circles." The magazine also engages with academic discourse on UFO experiences, emphasizing the role of cultural schemas, memory, and interdisciplinary research. The editorial stance appears to be one that acknowledges the complexity of UFO phenomena, presenting both sensationalized accounts and more scholarly analyses, while highlighting the influence of cultural factors and cognitive processes on the interpretation of these experiences. The "Daily Spurt" seems to adopt a provocative and attention-grabbing approach to its cover story while also offering more in-depth, albeit academic, content on related topics.

This issue of UFO Magazine, identified as issue 16, delves into two prominent unexplained phenomena: 'Orbs' and 'Rods.' The content is primarily focused on exploring various theories, evidence, and perspectives surrounding these visual anomalies, alongside a detailed account of a Freedom of Information request concerning a specific UFO sighting and the UK government's approach to UFO data.

Orbs

The magazine begins by addressing the phenomenon of 'Orbs,' which are described as spheres of light appearing in photographs, both indoors and outdoors. While many believe they are manifestations of ghosts, often appearing to show faces, experienced photographers suggest they are camera artifacts, possibly caused by faults in the lens, dust, insects, or moisture. Several websites are cited that offer explanations for these phenomena, including those that lean towards paranormal interpretations and those that provide scientific or photographic explanations.

One article discusses the theory that Orbs are a form of conscious life from other dimensions, or possibly guides and angels. Another perspective, presented by Dave Julian, suggests Orbs are the result of energy transference from a source (like powerlines or batteries) to a spirit, enabling the spirit to manifest. This theory is linked to EMF readings during spirit activity and explains the spherical shape of Orbs due to the laws of physics governing energy transfer.

Further exploration into Orbs includes an article from someone who believes they are ghostly materializations and questions why only some photos in a sequence show them if it were just dust. The 'spiritlights.co.uk' website proposes that Orbs are a type of intelligent life existing on a different dimensional level, occasionally seen and potentially trying to communicate. The article questions the idea that all photographic equipment manufacturers would consistently produce faulty equipment.

Brian P. James from APRA examines the history of photography and its relation to Orbs, noting that many early 'orb photos' were taken in areas with potential for dust, insects, and moisture, such as crop circles at dusk or night. He suggests these conditions could lead to spurious images, though he doesn't dismiss all Orb images, advocating for careful consideration.

A scientific explanation is offered from the 'orbstudy.com' site, introducing 'colorful' plasma energy orbs discovered in Gulf Breeze, Florida. This site aims to provide a scientific study of tropospheric plasma orbs and ball lightning, offering resources for students in fields like atmospheric physics and quantum mechanics.

Rods

The magazine then shifts focus to 'Rods,' another phenomenon that appears on film, particularly when slowed down, and is also seen in some photographic stills. First appearing on film taken by Jose Escamilla in March 1994, Rods are described as cigar or cylinder-shaped objects that move too fast to be seen with the naked eye. They can be captured on film, video, and even underwater footage, and are often compared to animals, with varieties seen in the Americas and Europe.

Questions are raised about whether Rods are a new flying species, related to UFOs, or perhaps linked to Rod-shaped Orbs. Michael Merchant's article is cited, which aims to eliminate skeptical explanations like sun glare, insects, camera artifacts, birds, scratches, or dust particles, by setting up cameras to rule out these possibilities. Merchant concludes that Rods are real creatures deserving serious consideration.

Other theories suggest Rods are alien entities or probes, while skeptics maintain they are camera glitches or high-flying birds. Some have described them as 'sky fish' due to their undulating motion. An article from 'ufotheatre.com' debunks Rods by explaining how cameras work.

The 'ufos-aliens.co.uk' website is highlighted for its comprehensive look at the Rods phenomenon, discussing theories of extraterrestrial origin versus a new earth-based life form. It includes film footage, the history of how photos were taken, and scientific opinions from biologists, zoologists, and entomologists. A report from a meteorologist about a Rod unaffected by a tornado is also mentioned, along with tips from Jose Escamilla on capturing Rods on video.

The author concludes this section by stating that the reader must form their own opinion, admitting to remaining open-minded due to a lack of personal scientific or photographic knowledge.

Documentbusters

A section on 'Documentbusters' is presented, featuring a film from Crass Parr, with a Certificate 18 rating. It includes a promotional image with the 20th Century Fox logo and lists personnel: Dave Clarke, Andy Roberts, Joe McGonagle, and Gary Anthony. The text uses taglines reminiscent of the Ghostbusters franchise, asking who to call if something strange is in the British skies, or secret in the MOD vaults, or if Nick Pope needs to be 'duffed up.' It is noted as not suitable for children, containing scenes of 'extreme boredom.'

Burmarsh UFO Sighting and FOIA Request

Researcher Chris Rolfe from Kent is featured, who has a long-standing interest in the case of an unidentified object seen over the home of Michael Howard, the then Home Secretary, in 1997. Rolfe made a Freedom of Information (FOIA) request about this case.

The response from L.C. Unwin details how the MOD constructs its UFO records, which are filed chronologically on paper and not segregated by date or location. It explains that searching all records for every request would exceed the £600 limit for FOIA compliance, so searches are usually limited to the period around the event.

Regarding the Burmarsh sighting in March 1997, the MOD confirms correspondence from UFO Monitors East Kent, including a witness report and petition, as well as letters to Jack Straw MP and the Kent County Constabulary, spanning April 1997 to March 1999. None of these were found on the file covering UFO sightings received between January and July 1997.

The response also addresses whether other government departments were consulted. It states that departments like DI55, DSTI, and DI61 are part of the MOD, and there's no evidence they were consulted. Air Defence experts confirmed no unauthorized military activity, and the London Air Traffic Control Centre confirmed no unusual air activity. The Home Office confirmed no security incident involving the Home Secretary.

Finally, the MOD outlines its future plans for releasing UFO information, including making it available through the MOD website and compiling a database of sightings. They are also looking to place scanned images of UFO reports into the MOD Publication Scheme, starting with reports from 1985. The process of removing personal data under the Data Protection Act 1998 is noted as time-consuming, but they hope to start releasing information shortly.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue consistently explores the dichotomy between skeptical, scientific explanations (often related to photographic artifacts) and belief-based, paranormal interpretations of phenomena like Orbs and Rods. The magazine presents a range of viewpoints, citing various websites and researchers, and encourages readers to form their own conclusions. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry, acknowledging the lack of definitive answers and the ongoing debate surrounding these subjects. The inclusion of the FOIA request and the MOD's response highlights the official handling of UFO information and the public's right to access it, reflecting a continued interest in government transparency regarding unexplained aerial phenomena.