UFO Phenomena International Annual Review - Vol 1 No 1 - 1976

Magazine Overview

Title: UFO PHENOMENA
Issue: Vol. I, N. 1
Date: 1976
Publisher: EDITECS in conjunction with Comitato Nazionale Indipendente per lo Studio dei Fenomeni Aerei Anomali (CNIFAA)
Country: Italy
Language: English
Document Type: Magazine Issue

Editorial

The editorial, written by Roberto Farabone, Editor in Chief, expresses satisfaction at finally publishing the first issue after several mishaps. The journal's intention is to maintain high standards, with all published items undergoing checking and approval by competent referees. Collaboration is welcomed from anyone seriously wishing to study UFO phenomena, regardless of their academic background. The journal will not compromise on its rules or the seriousness of its content, which is guaranteed by the qualification of the Editorial Board. The aim is to achieve a scientific journal from every point of view, treating ufology as a field of research comparable to others like physics or sociology. The journal will not focus on the mysterious or sensational, nor will it feature miraculous publicity; it will not carry advertisements unless they are strictly scientific or useful for investigations. The editorial emphasizes the need for active collaboration from interested individuals to advance the study of UFO phenomena and increase knowledge. It calls for open and lively communication.

Editorial Board

The Editorial Board is structured into three sections: "Physical Aspects," "Gathering Data," and "CE III Aspects." The board members are listed with their affiliations and addresses. Notable members include J. Allen Hynek, Michael L. Broyles, Rodolfo Guzzi, Harold I. Heaton, Bruce Maccabee, Gianluigi Parmeggiani, Kenneth V. Anderson, Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos, Ernst Berger, Roberto Farabone, Miguel Guasp, and Geoffrey G. Doel.

Scope and Purpose

The journal publishes original papers in five fields of research:
1. Physical Aspects of UFO Phenomena
2. Gathering and Processing of Data Concerning UFO Phenomena
3. The "CE III" (according to Hynek's terminology) in the UFO Experience
4. Psychological and Perceptive Aspects in the UFO Experience
5. Epistemology of the Research on UFO Phenomena

Editorial Policy

Manuscripts submitted must be original and not published or submitted elsewhere. The publisher acquires sole copyright for all languages and countries. No reproductions are allowed without special permission. The use of registered names does not imply they are free for general use. UFO PHENOMENA is published only after expert selection of manuscripts by experienced editors. It is an annual journal published by EDITECS in conjunction with C.N.I.F.A.A.

Subscriptions

One issue constitutes one volume. The subscription price is U.S. $10.00 per Volume II (1977), including postage and handling. Subscriptions should be sent to EDITECS, PUB. HOUSE, CAS. POST. (P.O. BOX) 190, 40100 BOLOGNA, ITALY.

Instructions to Authors

This section provides detailed guidelines for submitting manuscripts. Papers considered for publication should stress experimental results, have theoretical content leading to higher understanding, or be of experimental content with implications for UFO phenomena. Editorial papers are published upon request. Supplements and announcements of meetings are also considered. Manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, on white paper, with a maximum line width of 15 cm. Each paper must include an abstract of 200-300 words that is not just a summary but underlines the work's implications for UFO phenomena. Papers in French require an English translation of the title and abstract. A list of 5-15 key-words for indexing is also required. Contributions should be classified as Review Articles, Original Papers (Models and Hypotheses), Case Histories, Book Reviews, or Letters to the Editors. Illustrations should be in the desired final size, and line drawings should have legible inscriptions. References must be limited to quoted publications and listed alphabetically. The journal uses a direct photographic reproduction process, so papers must be carefully checked to avoid corrections. Contributions are published free of charge.

Symbols and Terminology

Authors must use international rules for abbreviations, symbols, and technical terms. The editors strongly recommend developing a uniform terminology for UFO reports. Uncommon abbreviations can be placed as footnotes. Footnotes should be avoided if possible. Reprints are available on request at a cost depending on the number of copies.

About Key Words

The journal requires authors to provide 5-15 key words for indexing. The editorial notes that many submitted manuscripts have not met this requirement, possibly because contributors did not receive the Miniature Issue. The purpose of key words is explained as a significant word from a title or document used as an index to content, aiding in the preparation of a Subject Index and information retrieval system. The journal aims to create a Thesaurus for ufology to establish a uniform terminology, and seeks cooperation from experienced contributors.

Physical Aspects

This section states that no contributions were received for the "Physical Aspects" section.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the commitment to a scientific and rigorous approach to UFO research. The editorial stance is one of seriousness, objectivity, and a desire to advance knowledge through collaboration and clear communication, avoiding sensationalism and focusing on the investigative aspects of ufology. The journal aims to be a serious academic publication, contributing to the scientific community's understanding of UFO phenomena.

Title: UPIAR
Volume: Vol.I
Issue: N.1
Year: 1976
Publisher: UPIAR
Country: Spain
Language: English (translated from original)

This issue of UPIAR features an in-depth analysis titled "ESSAY ON THE POSSIBLE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND THE DIRECTIONS OF UFOs BASED ON THE SPANISH WAVE OF 1968-1969" by Miguel Guasp, translated by Richard Heiden. The cover also displays the general theme "GATHERING and PROCESSING of DATA".

Abstract

The abstract outlines the study's core findings: a statistical analysis of UFO flight directions during the 1968-1969 Spanish wave. When direction, course, and frequency are treated as vectors, their resultant sum points to specific geographical centers. For aerial observations, the center of maximum UFO information is in NE Spain when considering the direction of appearance. For Type I cases, the center is in SW Spain when considering the direction of disappearance. Subsequent considerations suggest that the line connecting these NE-SW centers plays a significant role in the geographical distribution of sightings during the wave.

Material and Methodology

The "MATERIAL" section discusses the common practice of tabulating UFO cases with observation coordinates to represent their geographic distribution. While previous attempts to explain these distributions have focused on correlations with factors like geomagnetic activity or geological faults, the author notes that little is known about their underlying causes. Dr. Vallée's work is cited, which demonstrated an inverse relationship between UFO distribution and population density, using French cases and other samples. However, the current study aims to explore the internal structure of the distribution by focusing solely on parameters of the phenomenon itself, specifically the relationship between flight directions and geographical distribution of sightings. This approach is based on promising results from the "Teoría de Procesos de los OMNI" ("Theory of UFO Processes").

The cases utilized in the study are from the Spanish wave of 1968-1969, considered representative of UFO phenomenology in Spain. Table I includes aerial observation cases (excluding Type I cases as per Vallée's classification) that provided the necessary parameters. Table II lists the respective Type I cases. Both tables are drawn from a study by Ares and Lopez.

Notes accompanying the tables clarify the data presented: Column 1 is the order number, Column 2 the date, Column 3 the time (with specific symbols like NAM, NPM, DAM used for approximate times), Column 4 the directions of appearance (origin) and disappearance (destination), and Column 5 the place of the event. Note 2 explains that if only one directional data is available, it's assumed the direction remained constant throughout the observation.

Tables and Figures

Table I provides a detailed list of 105 cases, including date, time, direction (origin and destination), and location. The directions are categorized using cardinal and intercardinal points (e.g., NE, SW, N-S, E-W).

Table Ia summarizes the number of cases arriving from and departing to specific directions (F, W, N, S, NE, NW, SE, SW).

Table II lists 55 cases, primarily Type I cases, with date and location.

FIGURE 1 illustrates the distributions of arrival (curve "a") and departure (curve "b") directions, showing frequency against direction.

• FIGURE 2 presents vector diagrams:
• (a) Vector sum of the directions of arrival: This diagram shows a resultant vector R directed towards the NE.
• (b) Vector sum of the directions of departure: This diagram shows a resultant vector pointing towards the SW.

Method and Results

The "METHOD AND RESULTS" section focuses on the "RELATION BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIRECTIONS AND OF THE PLACES OF OBSERVATION: THE RESULT OF THE SUM." The study performs a basic statistical analysis of the frequency of observations for eight representative directions: E, NE, N, NW, W, SW, S, and SE.

It is stated that the vector sum of the arrival directions yields a resultant directed towards the NE. This implies that the greatest frequency of observations originates from the NE. The study confirms that the northeast of the Peninsula (specifically mentioning Barcelona and Tarragona) is where the greatest accumulation of aerial UFO reports occurred during the wave. Thus, the vector sum of arrival directions indicates the area of greatest accumulation of aerial observation cases in the Peninsula.

Extending this analysis to departure directions (using curve "b" from Figure 1), the vector sum points to the SW. This area is familiar to Spanish ufologists as the location of the greatest accumulation of Type I reports. Figures 4 and 5 (with Figure 5 being the most representative distribution of Spanish Type I reports) are referenced to support this.

The general conclusion is that the vector sum of the directions of arrival indicates the area of greatest accumulation of cases, and similarly, the vector sum of departure directions indicates the area where the greatest accumulation of Type I reports exists.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The primary theme of this issue is the rigorous, data-driven analysis of UFO phenomena. The editorial stance appears to favor scientific methodology, employing statistical and vector analysis to uncover patterns and correlations within UFO sighting data. The focus on geographical distribution and flight directions suggests an interest in understanding the spatial and directional aspects of UFO events. The reliance on previous research and the presentation of detailed tables and figures indicate a commitment to empirical evidence and scholarly investigation within the field of ufology.

This document, comprising pages 22-31 of an unidentified magazine issue, focuses on the statistical analysis of aerial observations, likely UFO sightings, within the Iberian Peninsula. The content is primarily graphical and analytical, with figures illustrating geographical distributions and directional patterns, supported by textual explanations.

Geographical Distribution of Aerial Observations

Figure 3 presents the geographical distribution of aerial observations by province, showing a total of 105 cases. Specific regions like Gran Canaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Ceuta, and Melilla are listed with their respective case counts (4, 2, 2, and 2 cases, respectively). The map itself displays numerical counts within various provinces across the Iberian Peninsula.

Figure 4 illustrates the geographical distribution of Type-I cases, as per Ares and Lopez. This map also shows numerical counts within provinces, indicating a different distribution pattern compared to the overall aerial observations.

Figure 5 details the geographical distribution of 100 Iberian landings, according to Ballester and Vallée. This map is densely populated with numbers, suggesting a higher concentration of landing reports in specific areas.

Directional Analysis and the 'Frequency Star'

The text delves into the analysis of the directions of aerial reports, introducing the concept of a "frequency star." This graphical representation aims to visualize the density of observations and the directions of arrival and departure.

Figure 6 shows a "frequency star" constructed for the directions of arrival. It features a star-like diagram overlaid on a map of the Iberian Peninsula, with arms extending in various directions, indicating frequency levels. The diagram includes a "principal axis" (NE-SW) and a "secondary axis" (SE-NW), with frequency scales marked from 5 to 25.

Figure 7 presents a similar "frequency star" but for the directions of departure. This figure also uses the principal and secondary axes to illustrate directional frequencies.

Discussion on Phenomenon Evolution

The "Discussion" section, particularly "Variation of the 'Result of the Sum' During the Wave," explores how the directional and geographical distributions evolve over the course of a phenomenon wave. The "result of the sum" is defined as the vector sum of departure directions, indicating the greatest accumulation of reports.

Figure 8 illustrates this evolution with two curves: an "arrival curve" and a "departure curve." These curves plot the "closeness to the final result" against the "percentage of cases out of the total of the wave." The analysis indicates that the relationship between geographic and directional distributions is present throughout the wave, but its validity fluctuates. A pattern of distribution was followed when at least the first 60% of cases were considered. The curves show symmetry, with the first 40% related to the final result in a diffused manner, and the last 40% giving the final result, with a substantial change occurring between 40% and 60% of the sample.

The text notes that the principal (final) geographical distribution remains relatively constant for the first 60% of the wave. In the first 40% of cases (occurring in two months), remaining elements are distributed diffusely. During the next 20% (about three months), less important elements polarize in agreement with the principal tendency. The subsequent 40% (about a year) follows the principal structure constantly.

Some Final Considerations

The author poses a fundamental question regarding whether the structure of these phenomena depends on geographical or national boundaries. It is questioned whether valid results could be obtained by choosing a geographic area by chance or by uniting distributions from different countries, such as France and Spain. The author admits to not having an answer but suggests that proof of such boundary dependence is lacking. Follow-up studies are recommended, with a note that uniting distributions might be difficult due to geographical differences and the need to ensure observations correspond to the same wave and are of a similar type (e.g., Type I).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this document are the statistical analysis of aerial phenomena (likely UFOs), geographical distribution of sightings, directional analysis of these events, and the temporal evolution of such patterns. The editorial stance appears to be one of rigorous, data-driven investigation, employing statistical methods and graphical representations to understand complex phenomena. There is an emphasis on empirical evidence and the acknowledgment of unanswered questions, highlighting the ongoing nature of research in this field.

This issue of UPIAR, Volume I, Number 1, published in 1976, features a significant article on the 'UFO APPEARANCE RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION TEST PROCEDURE' by Richard F. Haines, received on April 7, 1977. The magazine also includes discussions on the geographic distribution of UFO phenomena and a section on psychological and perceptive aspects, though the latter appears to have papers that do not meet requested standards.

UFO Appearance Recognition and Identification Test Procedure

Richard F. Haines introduces a systematic method for gathering reliable information about UFO appearances from witnesses. The procedure is designed to categorize shapes and details, enabling correlations with other sighting data and potentially revealing the true nature of the UFO phenomenon. Haines emphasizes that laboratory research shows recalling details from memory is less accurate than recognizing them visually, and his method builds upon previous suggestions for shape recognition.

The procedure consists of seven steps:

1. Draw the UFO: Witnesses are asked to draw the UFO from memory without prompting, including their name and details like date and time of sighting, location, and orientation with respect to gravity.
2. Draw Three Simple Shapes: Witnesses draw a circle, a square, and an equilateral triangle to establish a baseline for shape and size comparison.
3. Recognize and Match UFO Outline Shape: Witnesses select drawings from a provided figure (Figure 2) that best match the UFO they witnessed, allowing for combinations of top, mid-section, and bottom shapes. Specific coding systems are detailed for these shapes, including options for rounded, pointed, indented, or other shaped ends.
4. Recognize UFO Details: (Implied by Figure 1 flow, not detailed in text provided).
5. Determine Width/Height Ratio: (Implied by Figure 1 flow, not detailed in text provided).
6. Assign Final Code: (Implied by Figure 1 flow, not detailed in text provided).
7. Final Accuracy Verification: (Implied by Figure 1 flow, not detailed in text provided).

The article notes that Figure 2 provides numerous shape combinations for recognition, with single shape selections yielding 72 possibilities, two-shape combinations yielding 5,112, and three-shape combinations yielding 2,024.

Geographic Distribution of UFO Phenomena

The initial pages of the magazine discuss the geographic distribution of UFO phenomena, particularly in Spain. The author notes that the principal diagonal (NE-SW) direction is significant and curious, especially in relation to the 'inexplicable BAVIC lies'. Similar patterns, with a predominance of 'hybrid directions' over 'pure directions', are observed in the USA. The study suggests this pattern might be promising but strongly recommends repetition in other countries and with different 'waves' of sightings. The author acknowledges that the importance of the principal diagonal in reconstructing the distribution might be influenced by subjective opinion but believes it holds value. A call is made for a study of directions to avoid overemphasizing the general form of the distribution over the 'result of the sum'. The physical aspects of the phenomenon are highlighted as acquiring new importance, and the geographic distribution in Spain is not considered inherently unique to the peninsula, with phenomenology in France appearing similar.

References and Authors

The issue includes an extensive list of references, citing works by Jacques Vallée, David R. Saunders, Claude Poher, Miguel Guasp, David G. Lopez, Felix Ares, Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos, and Janine Vallée. The article by Miguel Guasp, titled 'Situación Geográfica y Direcciones de OVNIs' (Geographic Situation and Directions of UFOs), is presented in English for the first time, having previously appeared in Spanish.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes revolve around the systematic study of UFO sightings, the importance of witness testimony and accurate data collection, and the analysis of UFO shapes and distribution patterns. The editorial stance appears to be one of rigorous scientific inquiry, emphasizing the need for repeatable studies, objective analysis, and the exploration of the physical aspects of the UFO phenomenon. There is a clear effort to provide tools and references for investigators to conduct more thorough research.

This document, likely an issue of a UFO-focused publication from 1976, details a comprehensive system for classifying and coding UFO shapes and associated details. It provides extensive visual aids, including diagrams of symmetric and asymmetric UFO shapes, and outlines a step-by-step procedure for field investigators to collect and record information from witnesses.

UFO Shape Classification System

The core of the document is dedicated to a detailed methodology for analyzing and coding UFO sightings. This system aims to bring objectivity to UFO studies by standardizing the way visual information is recorded.

Symmetric UFO Shapes (Figure 2)

Figure 2 presents a grid of symmetric UFO shapes, categorized by their top surface, mid-section, and bottom surface appearance. Each shape is assigned a row and column identifier (e.g., Row 17, Column T for Top Surface Shape). The document also addresses how to handle UFOs that continuously change shape, suggesting a procedure where witnesses select the basic appearance at different points in time or space and record these selections with time intervals.

Indistinct and Hazy Outlines (Table 1)

Table 1 introduces an 'H' code to describe the degree of indistinctness of UFO outlines, ranging from 'H1' (slightly indistinct, like the Moon through ice) to 'H3' (very indistinct, like a light through dense fog). This code is noted as being omitted if the UFO appears sharp.

Asymmetric UFO Shapes (Figure 3)

Figure 3 illustrates a variety of asymmetric UFO shapes, designated with 'V' codes. The system requires witnesses to select the most similar shape and then specify linear dimensions (height 'h' and length 'l') and side designations (convex 'CV' or concave 'CC'). A dash precedes the code for asymmetric shapes. The document emphasizes that the silhouette of the object seen determines the shape selection, regardless of the viewing angle.

Viewing Angle and Gravitational Orientation

The system incorporates codes for the viewing angle ('X') and gravitational orientation ('O') of the UFO. The viewing angle is estimated in degrees, with 'X90' for directly from below and 'X0' for directly from the side. The gravitational orientation code specifies the UFO's orientation in space relative to the horizontal, with a requirement to always provide an estimate.

UFO Details (Figure 4)

Figure 4 (parts a and b) provides extensive lists and diagrams of 'UFO Details', categorized into 'Domes or Symmetrical Protrusions' (D codes), 'Attached Protuberances' (P codes), 'Apertures or Surface Sources' (A codes), and 'Surface Texture' (T codes). Investigators are instructed to refer to these details generically by their symbolic code numbers rather than assigning functional names (e.g., 'antenna' or 'dome') to avoid psychological associations.

Coding Procedure and Verification (Figure 5, Step 7)

Figure 5 illustrates the basic layout format for the complete UFO code, which separates different sections (outline sharpness, shape, details, orientation, viewing angle) using double diagonal slashes. Semicolons are used to separate codes within sections. The document details a seven-step procedure for investigators, culminating in a 'Final Verification of Code Accuracy' (Step 7). This verification involves cross-checking the witness's sketch with the assigned code, comparing the recognized shape with its code, and verifying the details and the width-to-height ratio ('R').

Hypothetical UFO Drawing and Code (Figure 7)

Figure 7 presents a hypothetical UFO drawing by a witness named Joanne Doe, along with a detailed 'Correct Code' assigned to it. This example demonstrates how the various codes for shape, details, and other characteristics are combined into a single, comprehensive code for analysis.

References and Acknowledgements

The document includes a 'References Cited' section, listing publications by R.N. Shepard and G.E. Valley related to the scientific investigation of unidentified aerial phenomena. It also acknowledges individuals who contributed to the development of the procedure.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the development and application of a rigorous, systematic methodology for UFO data collection and analysis. The editorial stance is one of promoting scientific objectivity, encouraging detailed observation, and providing investigators with standardized tools and procedures to improve the reliability and comparability of UFO reports. The document advocates for a cautious approach, advising against premature interpretation of details and emphasizing the importance of accurate, unbiased recording of witness accounts. The publication date of 1976 suggests a period of active research and interest in UFO phenomena, with an emphasis on developing analytical frameworks.

Title: UPIAR
Issue: Vol.I N.1
Date: 1976
Publisher: EDITECH
Country: USA
Language: English

Article: UFO ACTIVITY: COSMIC CONSCIOUSNESS CONDITIONING?

This issue features a reprinted paper by R. Leo Sprinkle, originally published in the Miniature Issue of UFO PHENOMENA. The paper explores a novel approach to studying UFO reports, proposing the hypothesis of "cosmic consciousness conditioning" (CCC). This hypothesis posits that the UFO experience may elevate the witness's level of cosmic consciousness.

Introduction and Hypotheses

The paper's purpose is twofold: to engage in speculation and exhortation regarding UFO phenomena. The author acknowledges that investigation and verification are generally valued more highly than speculation, but argues that the perplexing nature of UFOs warrants such exploration. Nine general hypotheses about UFO reports are presented:

1. The experience hypothesis: An UFO report describes a real experience of the witness (Hynek, 1972).
2. The truth hypothesis: The UFO witness is telling the truth (McCampbell, 1973).
3. The reflective hypothesis: The UFO experience reflects the witness's attitudes and characteristics (Keel, 1969).
4. The display hypothesis: The UFO sighting is a display to the witness (Salisbury, 1974).
5. The programming hypothesis: The UFO phenomenon is programmed to be visible or experienced (Michel, 1974).
6. The inconclusive message hypothesis: Each UFO experience contains an element of doubt or an inconclusive message (Moyer, 1975).
7. The aura hypothesis: The witness's aura or bioenergetic field is different from others (Edwards, 1976).
8. The psychic forces hypothesis: UFO experiences are manifestations of psychic forces from the collective unconsciousness of humankind (Clark and Coleman, 1974).
9. The control system hypothesis: UFO activity is a control system for conditioning human beliefs (Vallee, 1975).

The "control system" hypothesis is particularly appealing as it can encompass many other hypotheses and is not limited to a single "level" of experience (physical, biological, psycho-social, spiritual).

Cosmic Consciousness Conditioning (CCC)

The CCC hypothesis suggests that UFO experiences may increase the witness's cosmic consciousness. This concept is linked to the work of Richard Bucke (1901), a Canadian psychiatrist who studied individuals with extraordinary mental and spiritual attributes. Bucke identified common features in experiences of cosmic consciousness, such as a sense of immersion in light, joy, and intellectual illumination. These descriptions are similar to those reported by a significant percentage of US adults in polls, suggesting a potential increase in mystical or religious experiences.

Bucke (1901) noted that individuals experiencing cosmic consciousness develop specific attitudes: they intuitively understand the universe as a living, good presence, and their individual existence as continuous beyond death. They also gain a greatly enhanced capacity for learning and initiating.

The central question posed is whether UFO activity can be explained as an educational or control system designed to condition human beliefs toward a higher level of cosmic consciousness or universal awareness. A key advantage of this hypothesis is that it bypasses the need to identify the specific intelligences behind UFO phenomena, whether they are extraterrestrial (ETI), interdimensional, poltergeists, subconscious forces, or future/past space travelers.

However, a disadvantage is the difficulty in documenting a direct connection between a specific UFO experience and the general process of cosmic consciousness conditioning. Demonstrating that observed changes in a witness's learning capacity or interest in knowledge are a direct result of the UFO experience presents significant challenges, similar to proving outcome effects in other research fields. The investigator must also contend with their own and the witness's fears and doubts, particularly in cases of alleged abduction.

The Question of Prophecy

The article also explores the role of prophecy in UFO investigation. While acknowledging the theoretical and psychological difficulties of precognition and interpreting future events, the author suggests considering prophecy as a potential aid. Questions are raised about whether UFO phenomena serve as "audio-visual aids" for an educational system, offering lessons about future events. The next 25 years are highlighted as crucial for humankind, with potential cataclysms (earthquakes, tidal waves, nuclear explosions) predicted, leading to suffering. Those with greater cosmic consciousness or spiritual development are expected to "survive." The author proposes that while UFO investigators need not endorse the accuracy of these prophecies, they can serve as guidelines for evaluating UFO experience patterns.

References are made to various works on UFOs, prophecy, and spiritual changes, including those by Downing, Moyer, Flindt, Binder, Puharich, Vaughan, Standford, Steiger, and Sprinkle.

Summary and Conclusions

The writer concludes by reiterating the speculations and exhortations regarding the potential advantages of the hypothesis that UFO activity increases cosmic consciousness. Furthermore, prophetic visions within UFO experiences are suggested to be a special form of cosmic consciousness conditioning.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the psychological and spiritual implications of UFO phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, encouraging speculation and the development of new hypotheses to understand UFO reports, particularly through the lens of consciousness studies and potential future-oriented messages within sightings. The article advocates for a more empathetic approach to UFO witnesses, viewing them as individuals experiencing significant stress rather than mere data collectors.

Title: UPIAR
Issue: Vol.I N.1
Date: 1976
Publisher: EDITECS
Country: Austria
Language: English

This issue of UPIAR features two articles focused on statistical approaches to UFO research. The first, "ARE UFOs POISSON-DISTRIBUTED?" by Ernst Berger (MUFON), investigates whether UFO waves follow a statistical pattern, while the second, "A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE UFO BASIC DATA FOR THE INSTITUTION OF A 'RECOGNITION FILTER'" by Roberto Doretti and Roberto Farabone (CNIFAA), proposes a new method for analyzing UFO data.

ARE UFOs POISSON-DISTRIBUTED?

Ernst Berger's article introduces a novel concept for studying UFO waves, noting that despite abundant wave data, little has been done statistically. He explains the Poisson distribution, a statistical model for random occurrences, and applies it to his data from the 1954 fall wave in Austria. Berger's analysis of 94 cases over a 12-week period suggests that these reports were not causally related, implying no "outside driving force." Instead, he posits that a significant publicistic amplification effect likely produced the perceived "wave" structure. The author suggests that the Poisson concept could challenge other observed "wave" structures upon closer examination.

The introduction to the article highlights the outstanding nature of UFO waves as concentrations of information and questions why so little has been done with the available data. While acknowledging previous studies like Vallee's on time scales, Berger notes the lack of statistical interconnection analysis. He critiques the 'Orthoteny' approach as having reached its limits and questions the significance of the 'BAVIC' structure.

Berger details his methodology, which involves searching the mathematical literature on rare, random processes. He introduces the Poisson distribution, developed by S.D. Poisson in 1837 for Bernoulli trials, as an analytical tool. The formula provided is $f(x) = \mu^x exp(-\mu) / x!$ for $x = 0, 1, ...$. He explains that "Poisson trials" are rare and random events, giving examples like misprints per page or fatal accidents per mile of highway. The core idea is that the probability of a future event is independent of past events.

To test his hypothesis, Berger evaluated his 1954 data from Austria, which recorded 94 unidentified reports over 82 days (August 31 to November 20, 1954). He sorted these by daily frequency (x = cases per day) and compared observed frequencies with those predicted by a Poisson distribution with $\mu = 1$. The results showed discrepancies, with low values for $x=0, 2, \ge 4$ and overestimation for $x=1, 3$. A Chi-Square test was performed, yielding $\chi^2 = 3.1$. With a significance level of $\beta = 0.05$ and $n=3$ degrees of freedom, the critical value was 7.82. Since 3.1 is below 7.82, Berger could not refute the null hypothesis, concluding that the differences between the theoretical Poisson distribution and his wave data distribution were purely random.

An additional evaluation of the peak interval of the "Austrian wave" (September 16 to October 5, 1954, with 22 cases) also showed no significant deviation from a Poisson distribution ($\chi^2 = 1.3625$, significance level 3.84).

In the discussion, Berger outlines several learning points: the value of adequate statistical descriptions for "wave" data, that the Austrian wave had a random substructure suggesting a "flap" rather than a causal connection, the need to check other "wave" data similarly, and that "waves" might be crowds rather than teams, requiring individual treatment. He criticizes the careless handling of the undefined "activity" concept in ufology and suggests that the Poisson distribution can help test the idea of "intelligence" behind sightings, as "intelligent activity" would likely deviate from a Poisson distribution.

Berger concludes by recommending further examination of the UFO reporting process by sociologists and social psychiatrists, considering that up to 90% of sightings may remain unreported. He emphasizes the need to ensure that the observed Poisson distribution of reported cases is not a product of selective reporting.

A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE UFO BASIC DATA FOR THE INSTITUTION OF A “RECOGNITION FILTER”

Roberto Doretti and Roberto Farabone (CNIFAA) present a new statistical method for processing UFO research data. Their aim is to show how to gather data referring to similar phenomena or objects from a broad group of UFO reports. This is achieved through the analysis of statistical relations, specifically using correlation coefficients among individual sightings. They propose a theoretical explanation followed by a practical example.

The abstract states that the "filter" derived from this numerical set allows for the recognition of the phenomenon despite imprecision and randomness in the gathered data. The key words provided include: Active Research, Anomalous Segments, Basic Data Matrix, Complete Graph, Correlation Coefficient, Correlation Matrix, Filter, Group-Phenomenon, Identical Object, Objects of Analogous Type, Observation Parameters, Principal Diagonal, Recognition Filter, Threshold Correlation, UFO Data.

The introduction outlines the challenge faced by researchers in the UFO phenomenon, presenting a choice between analyzing each single case in detail (verifying witness statements, personality, psychology, and physical aspects) or adopting a more global and general analysis. The former approach, while convenient for collecting data from dubious signals, is limited by its partiality and inability to reveal broader patterns. The latter approach, which Doretti and Farabone advocate, involves a global analysis.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly emphasizes the application of rigorous statistical methods to the study of UFO phenomena. Both articles advocate for moving beyond anecdotal evidence and subjective interpretations towards quantitative analysis. The underlying stance is that ufology can only mature as a discipline by adopting scientific methodologies to analyze the vast amount of collected data, distinguishing between random occurrences, media-driven "flaps," and potentially more significant patterns. The use of statistical distributions like Poisson and correlation analysis are presented as crucial tools for this endeavor.

This document, likely an excerpt from a publication titled 'UFO DATA,' focuses on the methodological challenges and proposed solutions for analyzing UFO phenomena through statistical means. It discusses the inherent difficulties in collecting and processing witness testimonies, emphasizing their unreliability and lack of homogeneity.

Data Collection and Homogeneity Issues

The text begins by noting that it is rarely possible to have 'controlled' witnesses, making data collection inconvenient and the information gathered potentially unreliable. Data often comes from diverse sources, leading to a wide range of accuracy and quality. Furthermore, the data itself lacks homogeneity, presenting various aspects of the observed phenomenon in a disorderly manner, which hinders immediate and significant utilization.

Statistical Approach to UFO Phenomena

To overcome these challenges, the document proposes employing statistical methods for data elaboration. The primary goal is to extract as much information as possible and arrive at an interpretation of the phenomenon's characteristics. The statistical approach is presented as a powerful instrument for this field of research.

Two Directions of Statistical Analysis

The principal characteristics of the phenomenon obtainable via statistics are determined by two main directions:

1. Analysis of Mass Data: Searching for regularities within a large dataset to characterize the UFO phenomenon. This is considered a primary objective, with the potential to become a powerful research tool.
2. Utilizing Recognized UFO Data: Identifying subgroups of events within already recognized UFO data that establish particular 'group-phenomena,' meaning phenomena that belong to the same type.

Methodological Considerations

The document acknowledges that while the analysis of mass data (direction a) might seem logically prior, methodological reasons suggest dealing with it later. It notes that in other scientific fields, examining numerous cases often reveals regularities indicative of possible laws.

The statistical methods for direction β) are described as forming a 'recognition filter' to identify different classes of phenomena. These classes include:

• Identical Objects: Objects noted by several witnesses in different locations, who may have varied reactions to different stimuli (shape, color, external conditions).
• Analogous Objects: Objects with sufficiently similar characteristics to be considered the same class, even if observed at different times and places. This allows for a rough classification of phenomena.

Once this initial classification is achieved, two further lines of analysis are possible:

• Distribution of Relative Observations: For an 'identical object,' checks can be made on how relative observations are distributed regarding variables that permitted its characterization.
• General Characteristics of the Phenomenon: If the classification is based on 'types of objects,' it is possible to study the general characteristics of what is considered the UFO phenomenon, potentially providing indications for solving the objectives of direction α).

Materials and Methods

The 'Materials and Methods' section reiterates the necessity of a 'recognition filter' for discriminating the 'group-phenomenon' within the mass of data. It proposes analyzing the procedures leading to this filter and evaluating the significance of the methods used.

Data Preparation and Terminology

Preparing data for elaboration involves organizing various 'items' (characteristics) of each witness's observation. This includes defining a terminology and symbology. 'Items' refer to characteristics like date, time, apparent height, and form. These are codified as 'observation parameters,' and an 'n-th observation' is represented as a column vector of 'm' components (parameters). A collection of 'n' observations forms a 'basic data matrix' (m,n), to which the recognition filter procedure is applied.

Clustering and Hypothesis

The problem is framed as clustering 'various observation vectors.' The basic hypothesis is that witness and observation vectors differ not only due to different phenomena but also due to the diversity of the observation situation (locality, time, environment) and the witness's psychological components (sensibilities, impressionability).

It is considered legitimate to assume that differences in observations relating to fundamentally different objects are greater than differences in observations of the same 'group-phenomenon' that were observed differently.

Defining 'Group-Phenomenon'

The document addresses the question of what 'group-phenomenon' means. Instead of providing a precise definition, which could lead to lengthy and unclear discussions, it proposes an operative principle. A 'group-phenomenon' is defined as a collection of observations connected by facts of 'assimilability character in their variability,' which are difficult to recognize directly in the total mass of data.

Statistical Instruments: Correlation Coefficients

A useful statistical instrument for recognizing these connecting facts is the 'correlation coefficient.' Given a couple of vectors (X.1, X.1), the correlation coefficient r₁₁ is defined by a complex formula involving sums of products and squares of the vector components. The formula presented is a standard representation used for calculation, with the result ranging from -1 to 1.

Utility of Correlation Coefficients

The utility of the correlation coefficient lies in its ability to indicate the connection (or disconnection) between two variables (observation vectors) in a more or less significant manner, recognizing linear interdependence. The document refers to classical literature for a detailed explanation of how this works.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the application of rigorous statistical methodologies to the often-chaotic field of UFO data. The editorial stance is one of scientific inquiry, aiming to bring order and analytical clarity to a subject frequently characterized by anecdotal evidence and subjective experiences. The document advocates for a systematic, data-driven approach, emphasizing the importance of defining terms, preparing data, and employing statistical tools like correlation coefficients to identify patterns and classify phenomena.

This document, spanning pages 85-94, appears to be an excerpt from a publication focused on statistical analysis, likely a journal or a specialized magazine. The content delves into the nuances of interpreting correlation coefficients and introduces methods for data clustering.

Interpretation of Correlation Coefficients

The text begins by emphasizing that a high correlation coefficient (even close to 1) between two variables does not automatically imply a causal relationship or interdependence. It states that correlation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for interdependence. A high correlation coefficient indicates a strong linear dependence, but the reverse is not necessarily true.

A curious and famous case, referred to by Kendall, is presented as an illustration. This case involves a calculated correlation coefficient of 0.998 between the increase in the number of radio subscribers and the increase in the number of mentally handicapped individuals during the period 1924-1937. The author points out that while this indicates a close correlation, it is obvious that such a result is purely coincidental and does not suggest a causal link.

The document further discusses that if there is a priori certainty of a connection between variables, then the correlation coefficient can provide precise indications about which variables are associable. This is framed within the context of a basic hypothesis and reliable observations.

Correlation Matrix and Clustering

The text then transitions to explaining a proposed method for continuing the analysis, which involves a numerical example. The first step is to calculate the correlation coefficients between all pairs of observations, forming a correlation matrix, denoted as [Rn,n]. This matrix is described as having reflective property (diagonal elements are 1) and symmetrical property (rij = rji).

Once the correlation matrix is ready, a threshold value, denoted as 'ro', is established. This threshold is crucial for discrimination and clustering. Elements in the matrix where rij ≥ ro indicate that the pair of observations (Xi, Xj) belongs to the same group. The choice of this threshold value is noted as not arbitrary, though a detailed discussion on obtaining an optimal value is deferred to later work.

Equivalence Relations and Graphical Representation

The document explores the concept of an equivalence relation, which possesses reflective, symmetrical, and transitive properties. If the correlation relation satisfies these properties, it allows for the construction of equivalence classes, leading to automatic clustering. The text explains that this means the correlation matrix is presented in a way that facilitates clustering.

An illustration is provided through Figure 1, which depicts an example of a correlation matrix where asterisks indicate values of rij ≥ ro. This matrix is then used to define groups: A(X1, X2, X3, X4), B(X5, X6, X8), C(X.7), and D(X9, X10, ...).

Figure 2 offers a graphical representation of these groups, where each apex represents an observation (X.i) and each segment symbolizes the correlation. This visualization helps in understanding the structure of the groups.

Challenges and Future Work

The authors acknowledge that while analyzing basic matrices with a small number of observations (numerosity n) is straightforward, it becomes challenging for larger datasets. For instance, a basic matrix of m x 500 would result in a 500 x 500 correlation matrix, necessitating automatic analysis by a computer. The research aims to conduct such an analysis on numerous data over a long period, but this is postponed to future work. The current work notes that clustering performed this way results in a more precise and rigorous recognition of groups.

Transitivity and Threshold Choice

The text revisits the question of whether observations correlate transitively. It suggests that, from a theoretical standpoint and based on tests, the possibility of transitivity often depends on the choice of the threshold correlation value (ro). The established threshold values are those that determine group discrimination based on a transitive relation.

This concept is described as delicate, and the authors attempt to clarify it. They imagine correlation coefficients arranged such that with a choice of ro = ξ1, graphs like those in Figure 2 can be constructed. However, with a different choice of ro (e.g., ξ2 < ξ1), different graphs, as shown in Figure 3, can be constructed, illustrating how the choice of threshold impacts the resulting structure and group definitions.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this excerpt are the critical distinction between correlation and causation, the methodology of statistical analysis using correlation matrices, and the application of clustering techniques for data organization. The editorial stance appears to be rigorous and analytical, emphasizing the importance of careful interpretation of statistical findings and the development of robust methods for data analysis. There is a clear focus on mathematical and statistical rigor, with an acknowledgment of the practical challenges and future research directions in handling large datasets.

This document, likely an issue of "UFO DATA" (Volume 1, Issue 1, 1976), delves into a statistical approach for analyzing UFO phenomena. It presents a methodology involving graphical representations and correlation matrices derived from observational data.

Statistical Analysis of UFO Events

The core of the document focuses on a statistical treatment of UFO data. It introduces the concept of "anomalous segments" within graphs, which can be explained as statistical errors or inaccuracies. The authors emphasize that the best determination of groups is achieved by a threshold value (ro) that presents a situation similar to that illustrated in Figure 2 (not provided in this scan). If no such discrimination is possible, verification is needed to find a choice that guarantees a minimum number of anomalous segments.

Data Codification and Matrices

To concretely verify the subject, an analysis was applied to a series of observations from 1954. These observations were codified using five components: date, form, colour, type of observation, and height. This data formed a basic data matrix (Table A), which was then used to generate a correlation matrix (Table B). The correlation matrix shows the relationships between different observational points (X.1 to X.8).

Graphical Representation of Correlations

Based on the correlation matrix, graphs were constructed. Figure 5, for instance, illustrates complete graphs relating cases where the correlation coefficient (ril) is greater than or equal to 0.85. The choice of this threshold is presented as non-arbitrary, highlighting the importance of specific correlation levels in defining groups.

Discussion and Future Research

The document discusses the implications of a statistical approach to the UFO problem. It suggests that further evidence for the reality of the phenomenon can be found in statistical regularities and constancies. While analyzing individual sightings might offer hints, combining them with statistical analysis can strengthen the evidence for the UFO phenomenon. The authors advocate for an active and computerized research approach, moving away from a passive attitude and the reliance on casual events and witnesses. They believe this method can provide a useful tool to detect genuine UFO data and process it effectively.

References

The document includes a "REFERENCES" section citing several works related to graph theory, cluster analysis, and the theory of functions, indicating the theoretical underpinnings of the presented statistical methods. Cited authors include Berge C., Berger E., Bijnen E.J., Kolmogorov A., Fomine S., and Ore O.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the application of rigorous statistical analysis to the study of UFO phenomena. The editorial stance is in favor of a proactive, data-driven, and statistically sound approach to UFO research, aiming to move beyond anecdotal evidence and establish a more objective understanding of the subject. The authors believe that a systematic and computerized method is crucial for advancing the field.

This document contains pages from the magazine UFO PHENOMENA, specifically focusing on content related to submissions, letters to the editor, and book reviews. The issue date appears to be 1977, with references to Vol. 2 No. 1.

Call for Papers

The "CALL FOR PAPERS" section, prominently displayed, requests authors to submit manuscripts for publication in UFO PHENOMENA Vol. 2 No. 1 (1977). The deadline for submissions is December 31, 1977. Authors are strongly advised to read and apply the "Instructions to Authors" found on page 4. The journal welcomes various types of submissions, including review articles, original papers (models and hypotheses), analyses of UFO cases, book reviews, letters to the editors, contributions for debates, criticisms, and suggestions. Long and detailed manuscripts are preferred over short ones. Authors are asked to specify the section their manuscript belongs to.

Letters to the Editors

The "Letters to the Editors" section serves as a central forum for scientific debate and comment within the UFO community. It welcomes favorable and unfavorable critiques of published works, as well as announcements of conferences, workshops, summer schools, and meetings. The section can also be used for "appeals for help" or requests for information on technical problems.

Biology and CE III: Raising the Debate

Lanfranco Fattorini, writing from Orvieto, Italy, raises a question about the "biological" approach to Close Encounters of the Third Kind (CE III) as defined by J. Allen Hynek. He notes a lack of focus on this aspect in the literature, highlighting analyses by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos and Dave Webb. Fattorini posits that CE III is an interaction between the witness's perception (biological) and the entity (unspecified nature, possibly biological). He suggests that the study of anthropomorphous beings should employ common biological procedures, such as classification based on observed affinities. Fattorini urges UFO PHENOMENA to foster open-minded confrontations between biologists and UFO students to better address the "Michelian 'festival of absurdity'" and gain more information on close proximity sightings involving entities.

The Problem of Terminology

Roberto Farabone, from Milano, Italy, addresses the crucial issue of terminology in UFO research. He emphasizes the need for a scientific journal like UFO PHENOMENA to establish precise definitions and a sound method for analysis. Farabone notes that while a univocal terminology is ideal, reality is often different, with terms having varied interpretations. He suggests that scientific languages, particularly mathematical formalism and symbolic logic, offer the closest approach to precise definitions. However, he acknowledges that these formalisms are not always applicable in UFO research due to inherent ambiguities and lacunae in the language used. Farabone argues that while some terms may be "inappropriate" (like "atom" historically), common agreement can facilitate communication. He uses the term "object" as an example of a term that remains inappropriate until a better understanding of the phenomenon is achieved. He also mentions "Anomalous Air Phenomenon" as a term that can be inaccurate in certain contexts. Despite these challenges, he stresses the importance of using precise terminology for scientific advancement and believes that the UFO research community is in the process of "creating" its language.

Fabrizio Cerquetti, from Civitanova Marche, Italy, echoes the need for a biological approach and a careful survey of terms like "object." He believes UFO PHENOMENA should stimulate deep discussion to achieve progress in this subject.

Roberto Doretti, from Segrate (Milano), Italy, also writes about the problem of terminology, emphasizing the need for a univocal terminology for discussion. He points out that terms can be understood differently based on individual psychological situations, making precise understanding difficult. He suggests that scientific languages are the closest to achieving this requirement, but acknowledges their limitations in UFO research. He notes that the term "object" is inappropriate until a more valid and precise knowledge of the phenomenon is gained. He also discusses "Anomalous Air Phenomenon" and the need to proceed with research despite terminological challenges.

UFO Research in Italy

Roberto Doretti, writing again from Segrate (Milano), Italy, examines the UFO research policy in Italy from two perspectives: official science and civilian organizations. He finds the academic sphere unpropitious due to the scientific class's "intellectual myopia" and fear of ridicule. Young researchers are cautioned against official involvement, viewing UFO studies as personal hypotheses. Doretti likens the situation to Copernicus's hypothesis, accepted as mathematical fiction rather than fact. He attributes this to old-fashioned politicians who stifle incentives for research. He concludes that UFO research conducted by official scientific organizations (even military) is negligible. For civilian organizations, the situation is also challenging, characterized by fragmented, independent groups with diverse interests (UFO, space archaeology, parapsychology). These groups often start with an 'a priori' hypothesis and may lack technical preparation, relying on sensationalist publishing houses. Doretti questions how to remedy this defect, suggesting that the international scientific community should seriously consider UFO research, prompting Italian academia to overcome its idleness. For independent organizations, he proposes eliminating the influence of publishing houses, encouraging a more correct and homogeneous research approach through active examples, and promoting a common trend, purpose, and methodology via wider dissemination of serious work. He emphasizes the need for frequent exchange of news and results among researchers and highlights that scientific research is often hard, routine work, not a glamorous job.

Book Reviews

UFOLOGY by James McCampbell

This review, by Michael L. Broyles of Honolulu, Hawaii, discusses James McCampbell's book "UFOLOGY," published in 1973 by Jaymac Co. for $3.95. The author of the book proposes that UFOs are real mechanical creations. McCampbell's analysis suggests that the large number of reports makes contamination of source material unlikely to negate general findings. The review notes that while a methodological approach is needed, UFO sightings cannot be reproduced in a laboratory or captured. The book includes a statistical breakdown of sightings by shape, size, composition, and luminosity, with an explanation for multicolored lights related to energy changes pumped into the atmosphere. The hypothesis that microwave spectrum radiation causes effects like "buzzing sounds," electrical system failures, and physiological effects is proposed. The book also covers flight and propulsion systems and the physical types of pilots. McCampbell concludes that the government should either reveal its knowledge or order a large-scale scientific investigation, outlining how such a project might proceed to confirm UFO existence and identify advanced technologies.

WRITING SCIENTIFIC PAPERS IN ENGLISH by Maeve O'Connor & Peter Woodford

This review, also by Michael L. Broyles, recommends the book "WRITING SCIENTIFIC PAPERS IN ENGLISH" by Maeve O'Connor & Peter Woodford, published in 1976 by Elsevier-Excerpta Medica-North-Holland, Amsterdam, for Dfl. 25.00 ($9.75). Commissioned by the European Association of Editors of Biological Periodicals (ELSE) and the Ciba Foundation, this guide offers practical advice for authors on preparing their work for publication in scientific journals. It is described as a step-by-step guide for writers of any nationality and any discipline, considered a "must" for serious students.

QUARTER CENTURY STUDIES OF UFO'S IN FLORIDA NORTH CAROLINA, AND TENNESSEE by George Fawcett

This review, by Michael L. Broyles, discusses George Fawcett's 1975 paperback, published by Pioneer Printing Co. for $4.15. Fawcett, a veteran civilian UFO investigator with over 30 years of experience, summarizes his studies in the southeastern U.S. The book covers quarter-century studies, the UFO waves of 1973 and 1974, and the global wave of 1974. It includes statements from worldwide authorities, a list of organizations and publications, and diagrams and photographs. Fawcett's future goals include establishing an educational or tourist research center. The book is presented as a brief survey of important sightings, making for rapid informative reading.

Periodical Publications in UFO Area

The document lists two periodical publications:

• LUMIÈRES DANS LA NUIT: A monthly review from the GROUPEMENT INTERNATIONAL LUMIERES DANS LA NUIT. Subscription is 60 Fr. to Mr. R. Veillith, 43400 Le Chambon sur Lignon, France.
• UFO INFO: A quarterly bulletin from the GROUPEMENT ETUDE SCIENCES AVANT-GARDE (GESAG). Subscription is 280 B.F. International Mandate to Mrs. Jenny Deduytsche, Leopold-I-laan, 141, B-8000 BRUGES, Belgium.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the need for scientific rigor in UFO research, the challenges of terminology, the state of UFO investigations in Italy, and the importance of proper scientific communication. The journal, UFO PHENOMENA, positions itself as a platform for serious debate and the advancement of UFO studies, encouraging a more organized, biological, and methodologically sound approach. The editorial stance appears to favor open-minded yet critical examination of UFO phenomena, advocating for a transition from sensationalism to a more scientific discipline. The emphasis on precise terminology and methodological approaches suggests a desire to elevate UFO research to a recognized scientific field.

Title: UFO PHENOMENA
Issue: Vol. I N. 1
Year: 1976
Publisher: The Publishing House EDITECS
Country: Italy
Language: English
Price: L. 9.000 ($ 10.00)

This issue of UFO PHENOMENA, an international annual review devoted to the scientific study of UFO phenomena, marks its first publication in 1976. The editorial board includes prominent figures in UFO research, though the full advisory board is yet to be presented due to postal delays.

Editorial: State of the Art?

The editorial, written by Francesco Izzo, reflects on the state of UFOlogy in 1976. The initial goal was to present the most significant scientific contributions to the field. While the gathering of researchers, including young and qualified individuals, is seen as a success, Izzo notes a concerning trend: a general lack of cooperation from distinguished members of the UFOlogical fraternity. He observes that prominent figures, who once advocated for renewal, now appear to be "new mandarins" and "unconscious instruments of the Establishment." The language used by figures like Hynek and Vallée is described as Orwellian "New-Speak."

Izzo questions whether UFOlogy is facing a new outlook and emphasizes the need for "shock treatment" to inject new blood and enhance credibility. He warns against the alternative, which he terms a "scientific tragedy" akin to the Condon Committee, where a "normal science" based on agreement and adherence to tenets could lead to disastrous consequences.

Notes and Acknowledgements

A "NOTE" section addresses the postal delays that prevented the full presentation of the Editorial and Advisory Boards. It mentions that acceptances are still being received from the scientific fraternity interested in a serious approach to the UFO problem. The Author Index and Subject Index for Volume 1 are scheduled to appear in the next issue (March 1978) as part of a cumulative index for 1976 and 1977.

The "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" section expresses gratitude to numerous researchers, including R. Haines, C. Poher, and P. Sturrock, for their contributions. Special thanks are given to Mrs. Nancy Locket and Mr. Joe Locket for their cooperation in the early stages, and to Miss Liz Morris for her skillful revision of English texts. The editorial acknowledges the support of the Comitato Nazionale Indipendente per lo studio dei Fenomeni Aerei Anomali (CNIFAA) and the publisher, Renzo Cabassi, for his enthusiasm and drive.

Errata Corrige

This section addresses a significant mistake in the maiden issue (Vol. I N° 1, 1976) concerning page 32, which was part of a paper by Miguel Guasp. Apologies are extended to readers and Guasp for errors in type-setting and photoreplication. The corrected page is presented with adjusted sentence arrangements.

Articles and Contributions

Physical Aspects

• GATHERING AND PROCESSING OF DATA by Miguel Guasp: This section, though partially corrected due to an errata, discusses the study, tabulation, and cataloguing of UFO cases. It emphasizes the importance of a homogeneous sample and careful analysis of distributions and directions. The study suggests a correlation between characteristic parameters of the phenomenon and highlights the relevance of physical aspects. The geographical distribution in Spain is examined, noting similarities with phenomena in France and the USA, where diagonal patterns (NE-SW and SE-NW) appear significant. The author recommends repeating the study in other countries and with different UFO waves.

The "CE III"

• PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERCEPTIVE ASPECTS by Richard F. Haines:
• UFO Appearance Recognition and Identification Test Procedure by Richard F. Haines: This article likely details a methodology for testing how individuals recognize and identify UFO appearances.
• UFO Activity: Cosmic Consciousness Conditioning? by R. Leo Sprinkle: This piece explores a potential link between UFO activity and cosmic consciousness conditioning.

Epistemology of the Research

• Are UFOs Poisson-Distributed? by Ernst Berger: This article investigates whether UFO sightings follow a Poisson distribution, a statistical model often used for random events.
• A Statistical Approach to the UFO Basic Data for the Institution of a "Recognition Filter" by Roberto Doretti and Roberto Farabone: This paper proposes a statistical method to create a "recognition filter" for UFO data, likely aimed at identifying reliable or significant cases.

Call for Papers

• Letters to the Editors
• Book Reviews
• Periodical Publications in UFO Area

State of the Art?

• Francesco Izzo (This appears to be a reference to the editorial content)

Note

Acknowledgements

Contributors and Advisory Board

The issue lists several contributors and their affiliations, including:

• Psychological and Perceptive Aspects: Richard F. Haines, Terry A. Hartman, Terry L. Maple, R. Leo Sprinkle.
• Epistemology of the Research: Jack M. Bostrack, Maurice G. de San, P.M.H. Edwards.

Additional contributors listed include David F. Webb and Frank B. Salisbury.

The Advisory Board is mentioned as including Drs. Hynek, Schwarz, and other prominent figures.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific study of UFO phenomena, with a focus on data analysis, statistical methods, psychological aspects, and epistemological challenges. The editorial stance, as expressed by Francesco Izzo, is one of critical concern regarding the current state of UFOlogy, advocating for rigorous scientific methodology and a revitalization of the field to enhance its credibility. There is a clear emphasis on moving beyond anecdotal evidence towards more systematic and verifiable research, while also cautioning against the potential pitfalls of institutionalization and conformity within the scientific community.