Tonnel - No 28 - 2008

Magazine Overview

This document, titled 'К ИСТОРИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ АНОМАЛЬНЫХ ЯВЛЕНИЙ РАЗВЕДКОЙ ВМФ СССР' (On the History of the Study of Anomalous Phenomena by Soviet Navy Intelligence), appears to be an excerpt from a publication detailing the historical involvement of Soviet naval intelligence in investigating unexplained aerial and underwater phenomena. The authors are identified as V.L. Pravdivtsev, a Colonel and Candidate of Technical Sciences, and E.P. Litvinov, a Captain 1st Rank. The document outlines a table of contents, suggesting a comprehensive historical review.

Introduction

The introduction states that in the post-war years, both military and civilian mariners from various countries increasingly reported anomalous phenomena (AP) and mysterious objects, both visually and through technical means, in the World Ocean and at the interface of hydro- and atmosphere. These phenomena include: luminous spheres emerging or hovering over water; luminous spots, circles, and rotating 'wheels' on the water's surface; 'projectors' and 'columns of light' emerging from the depths; objects emerging from underwater and submerging again; unidentified submersible objects (USOs) moving at speeds far exceeding modern submarines; USOs submerging to inaccessible depths and resurfacing; USOs mechanically affecting submerged technology and vessels; massive unidentified underwater objects remotely influencing equipment and weaponry; acoustic and radio emissions of unknown origin from the ocean depths; and unidentified flying objects (UFOs) appearing in areas with concentrated naval forces.

The text emphasizes that the unusual properties of these phenomena, which cannot be explained by known physical laws, and the apparent intelligence of their actions, cause concern for the military-political leadership of all countries. UFOs and USOs often demonstrate invulnerability to modern weapons, and their actions can lead to casualties and equipment damage. This naturally sparks interest from special services, particularly naval intelligence, which must deal with these anomalous phenomena in extreme conditions.

It is deemed important to understand the nature of these unidentified objects. On one hand, a potential adversary might be developing new weapons that could appear as UFOs. On the other hand, genuine unidentified objects could be mistaken for enemy reconnaissance or strike assets, leading to unpredictable consequences. The document highlights the need to study the mechanisms by which UFOs and USOs affect living organisms and technical equipment to develop practical recommendations.

Historical Overview

The document provides a chronological account of events and developments related to the study of anomalous phenomena, primarily focusing on the period from the 1950s to the late 1970s:

• September 16, 1951 (USA): The Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a secret directive 'JANAP-146b' to prevent armed attacks on the US, mandating immediate reporting of unidentified submarines, warships, UFOs, and aircraft via military communication channels. Leaking this information was punishable by a $10,000 fine and up to 10 years imprisonment. An instruction for the US Navy outlined procedures for encountering USOs and UFOs, including an illustration of a strangely shaped aircraft.
• August 1953 (USA): The USAF Headquarters issued several secret documents on UFOs, including 'AFR N 200-2', which specified the study of UFOs by three organizations: the USAF intelligence directorate in the Pentagon, the 4602nd Air Intelligence Service Squadron, and the Air Technical Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
• March 1954 (USA): Directive 'JANAP-146' was reissued as 'c', emphasizing that data on all unidentified objects, including UFOs, must be transmitted as top-priority messages. Specific codes ('CIRVIS' for aerial observations, 'MERINT' for sea observations) were introduced. The directive stressed that disclosure of reports was considered espionage. An example radiotelegraph message was provided: "MERINT 5125 N14 230. 3 unidentified flying objects on a northwest course, altitude 17,000 feet, cigar shape, 50 feet, 2 miles. Verified by navigator, visibility unlimited. 211 513 Jones."
• July 1959 (USA): The US Navy Headquarters issued instruction 'OPNAV...-94-p-3', directing captains of merchant and fishing vessels, as well as military personnel, to immediately report the approach of unidentified rockets, UFOs, ships, and aircraft using the code group 'MERINT'. The instruction included images of disc-shaped and elongated UFOs. To aid in UFO identification on most US warships, images of common UFO types were displayed. A US air defense handbook also featured a UFO image in the shape of a disc with lights.
• 1959 (USA): The Supreme Commander of NATO Allied Air Forces ordered all member country air forces to closely monitor UFOs, photograph them, and track them with radar.
• January 1961 (USSR): The newspaper 'Pravda' fiercely criticized individuals promoting UFOs.
• 1964 (France): The French Air Force issued an order to transmit all UFO observation data to a special bureau (later the Group for the Study of Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena - GEPAN).
• March 1966 (USA): The Joint Chiefs of Staff issued the fifth version of directive 'JANAP-146' ('e'), which classified UFOs as enemy targets. It detailed the data that should be included in each report on UFO observations.
• 1966 (USA): K. von Kevitzky, a UN Information Department specialist, submitted a memorandum to UN Secretary-General U Thant advocating for international UFO study. Two weeks later, at the initiative of President Johnson's administration, Kevitzky was recalled from the UN. U Thant expressed concern, stating that after Vietnam, the most serious problem facing the UN might be the UFO issue.
• 1967 (USSR): Following numerous reports from Aeroflot flight crews about UFO encounters, the Minister of Civil Aviation, E.F. Loginov, ordered that all such encounters be reported.
• May 1967 (Moscow, USSR): An initiative group attempted to organize UFO studies on a voluntary basis at the Central House of Aviation and Cosmonautics. Major General of Aviation (Ret.) P. Stolyarov was appointed head of the topic, with Associate Professor F.Yu. Zigel of MAI as his deputy.
• November 10, 1967 (USSR): P. Stolyarov and F. Zigel appeared on Central Television, urging the public to report UFO sightings. This led to hundreds of reports being sent to newspaper and magazine editors across the country. In the same month, the DOSAAF Central Committee decided to disband its UFO study section. In December, the Department of General Physics and Astronomy (OGFA) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, led by Academician L.A. Artsimovich, passed a resolution condemning UFO study in the USSR as unscientific sensationalism.
• February 1968 (USSR): 'Pravda' published a scathing article titled 'Flying Saucers Again,' labeling the UFO problem a 'myth and fabrication' and those who took it seriously as 'ignorant of science.' In response, a group of instructors and scientists from the N.E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy wrote a collective letter emphasizing the importance of UFO study for national defense.
• Undated (USSR): Thirteen leading aircraft designers and engineers appealed to A.N. Kosygin, Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, proposing the creation of a special organization for UFO study. In March 1968, they received a response from A.N. Shchukin, academician and head of the Military-Industrial Commission's Scientific and Technical Council, stating that the issue was being considered by competent organizations, and existing bodies studying the atmosphere and space were instructed to register and study UFOs, deeming a special organization unnecessary.
• 1968 (USSR): F.Yu. Zigel and a small group of enthusiasts published the first handwritten collection, 'UFO Sightings in the USSR.'
• 1971: The agreement between the USA and USSR 'On Measures to Reduce the Danger of Nuclear War' included Article 3, which mandated the exchange of information on UFOs between the parties and other countries, prohibiting its proliferation.
• 1975-1976 (USSR): Under F.Yu. Zigel's leadership, MAI conducted an open state-funded research project to preliminarily study the UFO phenomenon based on over 500 sightings in the USSR. In 1976, Zigel presented reports on UFOs at the USSR Academy of Sciences' Institute of Space Research and other leading institutions.
• April 1976 (USSR): The theme 'The Hydro-Aspect of the UFO Problem' was presented at a conference in Leningrad on 'Underwater Technology in the National Economy' by V.G. Azhazha and F.Yu. Zigel.
• 1976 (USSR): A former employee of the USSR Navy General Staff's Intelligence Directorate, Captain 1st Rank I.M. Barklai, recalled that the US paid significant attention to UFOs. Until 1976, they lacked concrete information, but several officers witnessed a UFO maneuvering horizontally and vertically, prompting the initiation of systematic observation and data collection.
• 1976 (USSR): A working group was formed within the Main Naval Staff to systematize and analyze incoming information on anomalous phenomena. This special analytical group was led by Admiral of the Fleet N.I. Smirnov. The group included officers from the author's department, scientific and technical committee officers, and scientists from research institutes. The work was confidential, with summarized data reported weekly to the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and then to the Main Intelligence Directorate.
• 1976 (USSR): The Oceanographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences began systematically collecting information on UFOs and anomalous phenomena in the World Ocean at the request of the Main Naval Staff.
• November 1976 (USSR): The first report, 'The Underwater Aspect of the UFO Problem,' was presented by V.G. Azhazha, deputy chairman of the Section for Underwater Research of the Oceanographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences. A decision was made to open a research topic 'Hydrosphere Aspect of the UFO Problem,' with Azhazha as its leader.
• November 1976 (USSR): 'Komsomolskaya Pravda' published an article titled 'Technology of Myth,' declaring the UFO problem a 'myth.' This triggered a media campaign, and work on UFO study at MAI was halted.
• December 1976 (USSR): At the suggestion of the USSR Navy General Staff's Intelligence Directorate, the Oceanographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences opened research project 'Hydrosphere Aspect of the UFO Problem,' with Candidate of Technical Sciences V.G. Azhazha as the scientific supervisor.
• July 15, 1977 (USSR): The Research Department of the USSR Navy General Staff transferred the results of the first stage of the research 'Hydrosphere Aspect of the UFO Problem' to the Oceanographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences. This included 'Methodological Guidelines for Organizing Observations of Anomalous Physical Phenomena and Their Impact on the Environment, Living Organisms, and Technical Equipment in the Naval Forces.'

The methodological guidelines stated that anomalous phenomena or objects (not identified with known phenomena or objects) are observed both by chance observers and by professionals (astronomers, aircrews, ship crews, and observation services) in the USSR and abroad. The information gathered suggests that the problem warrants serious investigation and is directly related to the tasks of further studying, mastering, and practically using Earth's atmosphere and outer space.

The instructions also provided brief characteristics of anomalous phenomena and objects, noting their changing geometric shapes, movement along various trajectories, maneuverability, light effects, presence of electromagnetic fields, and possibly other types of radiation affecting the environment, living organisms, and electronic/radio equipment.

• 1977 (UN): At the 32nd session of the UN General Assembly, a proposal was made by Caribbean countries to establish an International Agency or Department for UFO Study. Grenada's Prime Minister, Erich Gairy, reported UFOs emerging from underwater near ships and interfering with navigation, stating he had personally witnessed a flying saucer. The Special Political Committee recommended that the General Assembly invite all countries to unite efforts in studying UFOs. However, the US blocked this initiative. A US State Department telegram instructed the US representative to the UN to prevent the resolution's adoption, and the US delegation secretary handed Grenada's Prime Minister a confidential message from President Carter advising against demands for international UFO study. Due to US opposition, Grenada withdrew its proposal, and the UN resolution in 1977 was limited to a call for all states to 'discuss their views on the UFO problem with the UN Secretary-General.'

By the second half of the 1970s, the USSR Navy Intelligence Directorate's files accumulated a large number of reports on UFO sightings from Soviet naval fleets and flotillas, as well as foreign data.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The document consistently highlights the involvement of military and intelligence agencies, particularly naval forces, in the study of anomalous phenomena. There's a clear emphasis on the need for systematic data collection, analysis, and the development of practical recommendations for national security. The narrative reflects a period of intense interest and concern regarding UFOs and USOs, often framed within the context of potential adversary capabilities and the need for vigilance. Despite official skepticism and attempts to dismiss the phenomenon as sensationalism (as seen in 'Pravda' articles), the underlying theme is the persistent, albeit often covert, investigation by military and scientific bodies, driven by the potential implications for defense and technological advancement. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting the historical efforts and official responses to these phenomena, particularly within the Soviet military-intelligence apparatus.

This document, likely an excerpt from a Russian publication like "Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk" (as indicated by the reference to "Vestnik RAN", No. 6, 2000), details the Soviet Union's engagement with the study of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), referred to as Anomalous Phenomena (AP) or Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP).

Official Investigation Begins (1977) The need to develop methodologies for observing UFOs at sea and to classify these phenomena for the Soviet Navy (VMF) became apparent. A significant impetus for official study was the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon" on September 20, 1977, where numerous residents witnessed an unusual large-scale luminous event. This event could not be ignored. Academician A.P. Alexandrov, President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, wrote to L.V. Smirnov, Deputy Chairman of the Government and Chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission (VPK), stating that the Academy could no longer ignore or explain anomalous phenomena like the one observed in Petrozavodsk. He requested the organization of complex research involving the Ministry of Defense and the VPK.

In October 1977, the Scientific-Technical Council (NTS) of the VPK supported the proposal. It was noted that military personnel were reporting observations of unusual phenomena that sometimes interfered with military equipment. Consequently, the VPK decided to incorporate two research topics into the defense-oriented five-year plan for 1978-1980:

• "Setka MO": Investigation of anomalous atmospheric and cosmic phenomena and their influence on military equipment and personnel (Ministry of Defense).
• "Setka AN": Investigation of the physical nature and mechanisms of anomalous atmospheric and cosmic phenomena (Academy of Sciences).

This effectively established two research centers: one within the Ministry of Defense and another within the Academy of Sciences. The Ministry of Defense aimed to understand the potential impact of UFOs on equipment and personnel, while the Academy of Sciences focused on the physical nature, visual manifestation, and environmental connections of these phenomena.

Naval Involvement and the "Volga" Incident Also in October 1977, on the initiative of Admiral V.N. Chernavin, Commander of the Northern Fleet, methodological guidelines developed by V.G. Azhazha's section on underwater research were implemented in the Northern Fleet. Vice-Admiral Y.V. Ivanov of the VMF's Reconnaissance Directorate had developed these guidelines for fleet-wide implementation. However, their adoption was initially slow, partly because the idea of the fleet issuing instructions on observing 'flying saucers' seemed at odds with the prevailing political climate.

The turning point for naval implementation came on October 7, 1977. Admiral N.I. Smirnov, First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, summoned the author and, via loudspeaker, ordered the duty officer of the Northern Fleet to report on an incident involving the submarine tender "Volga." The tender, located 200 miles offshore in the Barents Sea, was reportedly buzzed by nine unidentified flying objects resembling helicopter-sized metallic discs for 18 minutes. During this time, radio communication with the main base was impossible. Captain Tarankin, commander of the "Volga," gave a remarkable order to his crew: "Everyone, remember, sketch, photograph, so that when we return to base, no one says your commander has gone mad." As soon as the objects departed, radio communication was restored, and a report was sent. A reconnaissance aircraft arrived an hour later, but there was nothing left to investigate.

That same day, Admiral Smirnov instructed Vice-Admiral P.N. Navoytsev, Deputy Head of the General Staff, to implement the "Methodological Guidelines" for UFO observation across all fleets and flotillas. This marked the navy's significant engagement with the UFO issue. Two years later, these guidelines, with modifications, were sent to other branches of the military, and the Hydrometeorological Service also adopted them.

Research Structure and Secrecy In January 1978, Vice-Admiral Y.V. Ivanov sent a letter to the Deputy Chairman of the USSR Academy of Sciences, confirming that the draft instructions for UFO observation, developed under the leadership of V.G. Azhazha, were being used to organize observations within the Navy.

In 1978, at the 33rd session of the UN General Assembly, Grenada raised the issue of international UFO research. A film featuring impressive UFO footage was shown. However, under US pressure, the discussion was downplayed, reduced to a call for reporting UFO sightings to the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The US attempts to prevent international research were seen by some as an effort to diminish the problem's significance and maintain a monopoly on its study, suggesting the US leadership might be aware of the objects' nature and wished to prevent widespread knowledge.

In 1979, the Department of General Physics and Astronomy of the USSR Academy of Sciences distributed the "Methodological Guidelines" to organizations involved in atmospheric and space observation, tasking them with collecting and reporting UFO sighting data.

In January 1980, the Chief of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces issued a directive for implementing the AP research program. This directive aimed to leverage the Soviet Army's extensive observation network for UFO information gathering without significant financial investment. Every serviceman was implicitly a potential observer, required to report any unusual sightings. This directive effectively placed the army on a 'mass alert' for anomalous phenomena across the USSR.

The directive identified the 22nd Central Scientific Research Institute (TsNII) of the Ministry of Defense as the lead implementer, responsible for collecting, processing, and analyzing all UFO information from military units. Military research institutes within the five branches of the armed forces were tasked with executing the program, coordinating with TsNII. Information on rocket and space technology launches was prioritized for identifying UFOs. Procedures for documenting UFO sightings and reporting them were also established.

Dr. V.P. Balashov, head of the leading TsNII and an expert on radiation effects on military equipment, was appointed scientific supervisor for the military aspect of the research. A small team of 4-5 specialists was formed at the institute, along with about 15 research institutions from various military branches and the defense industry. Colonel B.A. Sokolov, working in the "Applied Problems Section," coordinated research between the Ministry of Defense and the Academy of Sciences.

The Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN) of the USSR Academy of Sciences was designated as the lead organization for the Academy's research. Academician V.V. Migulin led this direction, with a four-person working group headed by Y.V. Platov. Participating organizations included institutes of the Academy, Goskomgidromet, and higher education institutions. Data collection was handled by various organizations reporting to the Academy. The research involved analyzing materials and developing physical models of anomalous phenomena. Funding came from the budgets of the participating organizations, with no dedicated funding for the research.

Between 1979-1980, the Department of General Physics and Astronomy of the Academy of Sciences, Goskomgidromet, and the Ministry of Defense distributed methodological guidelines for observing anomalous phenomena. The Institute of Applied Geophysics and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute were responsible for collecting and summarizing data within Goskomgidromet. The research primarily focused on collecting data on sightings and their effects on the environment.

Theories and Classification The Academy of Sciences considered several hypotheses for the origin of UFOs:

1. UFOs are products of human activity (anthropogenic).
2. UFOs are natural processes occurring in Earth's atmosphere or near-Earth space.
3. UFOs are manifestations of extraterrestrial civilizations.

It was noted that the term "UFO" was officially avoided in favor of "anomalous phenomenon" because it better described the observed effects than "unidentified flying object."

• Research was conducted under secrecy due to:
• Its classification as a closed defense program.
• The high probability of military-technical origins for some phenomena.
• The frequent appearance of UFOs near military bases and concentrations of military equipment.
• UFOs possessing specific characteristics of interest for military use, such as lack of radar contrast and high maneuverability.

Due to the classified nature of the work, media coverage was limited, and publications were recommended for review by the Academy of Sciences.

In 1980, instructions and guidelines for collecting data on anomalous phenomena and their environmental effects were issued by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, the Ministry of the Merchant Marine, and the Ministry of Defense.

Between 1980-1981, public organizations dedicated to UFO research began to emerge in various Soviet cities.

In 1981, the UFO research program "Setka" was renamed "Galaktika," and in 1986, it was further renamed "Gorizont," with additions like "MO" and "AN" indicating different branches of study.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The document highlights a systematic, albeit secret, approach to UFO research within the Soviet Union, driven by both scientific curiosity and military-strategic concerns. The emphasis on classification underscores the perceived importance and potential threat or utility of these phenomena. The involvement of both scientific and military institutions suggests a comprehensive effort to understand UFOs from multiple perspectives. The narrative reflects a period of intense, covert investigation, with a clear focus on data collection, analysis, and the development of operational guidelines for military personnel. The editorial stance appears to be factual and historical, presenting the development of these research efforts as a significant undertaking within the Soviet context.

This document, likely an issue of a magazine focused on anomalous phenomena, details various aspects of UFO and UAP (Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena) sightings, particularly those involving naval forces and government investigations in the USSR and Russia.

Government Programs and Investigations The issue begins by outlining the history of official investigations into anomalous phenomena in the Soviet Union. It notes the creation of a Central Commission for Anomalous Phenomena in February 1984 under the All-Union Council of Scientific and Technical Societies (VSNTO). An interview in "Smena" magazine in 1985 featured V.V. Migulin confirming the existence of a special study group within the Department of General Physics and Astronomy (OOFA) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, codenamed "Galaktika," which he led. Migulin stated that 90-95% of observed anomalous phenomena were explainable by natural processes or human activity. In 1988, "Sобеседник" weekly reported that UAP research was ongoing not only at IZMIRAN but also in other organizations affiliated with OOFA.

A significant event was when USSR leader M.S. Gorbachev publicly addressed the UFO issue on April 26, 1990, acknowledging the existence of scientific groups studying these phenomena. However, the state program for UFO research was closed in 1990. Despite the program's closure, an expert group within the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) continued to operate until 1996, analyzing reports of "strange phenomena" from eyewitnesses. These reports are still being examined by OOFA RAS.

The summarized results and conclusions from programs like "Setka," "Galaktika," and "Gorizont" have not been published in the open press.

Geography of UFO and UAP Sightings The article draws factual material from archives of the USSR Oceanographic Commission's Underwater Research Section, the Commission for the Study of Anomalous Phenomena of the Russian Geographical Society (KYa RGO), the Academy of Informational and Applied Ufology (AIPUFO), declassified KGB materials on UFOs ("Blue File"), open press, and personal archives. The core of the material is the KYa RGO database, containing about 12,000 documented cases of UAP/UFO and contact events, compiled from specialized publications, media, departmental archives, eyewitness accounts, and KYa RGO investigations.

Approximately 17% of the data (over 2000 events) pertains to UAP sightings in the world's oceans and the Caspian Sea. Between 1960 and 1990, the Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent waters were the main areas for UFO, UAP, and other anomalous phenomenon sightings (around 50%). The Mediterranean Sea accounted for the most frequent sightings (25% of cases), followed by the North and Baltic Seas. A notable region is the "Great Atlantic Rhombus," encompassing Bermuda, the Sargasso Sea, the Bahamas, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.

The Pacific Ocean ranked second in UAP sightings (26%), with the Sea of Japan being the location for the majority (58%) of these. The Arctic Ocean was third (21%), with 70% of its sightings occurring in the Barents Sea region.

Specifics of UFO and UAP Sightings by Military Sailors and Naval Leadership The document details the characteristics of "naval" UFO and UAP observations: * High Qualification of Observers: Witnesses are almost exclusively professionals with specialized training, capable of estimating distances, identifying object configurations, and recognizing military hardware. * Numerous Qualified Witnesses: Watch officers are rarely alone, and other crew members, sometimes dozens or even hundreds, witness UFOs, accounting for over 20% of cases in the KYa RGO database. * Instrumental Recording: Military ships often record unidentified objects using technical means, with radar and visual-radar observations of UFOs comprising about 33% of cases in the KYa RGO archives. * Long Duration of Observation: Open waters allow for extended observation periods. The KYa RGO archives contain 13 cases of UFO sightings lasting from 1 to 20 hours over seas and oceans. * Involvement of High-Ranking Officials: Military leaders, government officials, and scientists, being better informed about new developments, provide more reliable accounts, distinguishing true UAPs from new weapon prototypes.

Chronicle of Sightings

• April 1952: Two disc-shaped objects were observed over the Pacific Ocean by US Secretary of Defense Dan Kimball during a flight. The objects escorted his plane and then flew away at approximately 2200 km/h. Kimball requested a full investigation by the Navy, but the CIA reportedly intervened.
• 1966: In the Arctic Ocean, polar explorer Dr. Rubens J. Vila observed a 10-meter long oblong object emerge from beneath 3 meters of ice on the icebreaker "Wind." The object created a large hole and carried ice blocks into the sky.
• December 19, 1976: In the Atlantic, near the Canary Islands, General Dols de Espejo and other officers observed a white object three times larger than the Moon. It grew in size, revealing a bright green "barrel" and a rectangular dome. The object was also seen by the Spanish Navy training ship "Juan Sebastián Elcano" and military personnel at Gando airbase.
• December 1976: In the Barents Sea, USSR, Vice-Admiral A. Mikhailovsky personally observed a UFO during submarine training exercises.
• 1977: Admiral A.A. Komaritsyn, head of the Main Navigation and Oceanography Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense, reported repeated sightings of unknown objects resembling large yellow-red spheres in the western Pacific Ocean and the strait connecting to the Indian Ocean in early 1977. Similar sightings occurred near Kamchatka.

Types of Anomalous Phenomena and Their Technical Capabilities

The document categorizes observed phenomena:

1. Unidentified Acoustic Objects (NAO) or "Quakers": Unknown sound sources emanating from the depths of the World Ocean.
2. Luminous Phenomena: Moving light spots, circles, and rotating "wheels" on the water surface; "searchlights" and "light columns" from the depths; luminous spheres emerging from the water.
3. Unidentified Submerged Objects (USO): Demonstrating technical capabilities far beyond modern submarines.
4. Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO): Regularly appearing near naval bases and areas of naval concentration.

Unidentified Acoustic Objects ("Quakers") Captain 1st Rank V.T. Kulinchenko, a veteran submariner, recounts that in the mid-1970s, nuclear submarine captains began reporting strange noise sources whose nature acousticians couldn't explain. These sounds, varying in duration and tone, were often described as a prolonged frog-like croak, earning them the nickname "Quakers." These signals were later officially documented.

Captain A.N. Korzhev, commander of a nuclear submarine, noted that "Quakers" became more frequently detected with the introduction of new submarines equipped with advanced hydroacoustic systems. During Atlantic patrols, they would detect these unknown objects emitting inexplicable signals.

Kulinchenko describes "Quakers" as deliberately avoiding contact, sometimes sounding directly next to the submarine but then moving away at speeds far exceeding any known vessel. The changing bearing and tone of the signals suggested intelligent behavior, though the source remained elusive.

Despite no aggressive encounters, the "Quaker" phenomenon caused constant tension during "cold war" patrols. In the late 1960s, Admiral S.G. Gorshkov ordered the creation of a special group within the Navy's intelligence department to investigate "Quakers." This led to several oceanographic expeditions using specially equipped research vessels.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The issue consistently highlights the involvement of military personnel, particularly naval officers, in observing and reporting UAPs. It emphasizes the advanced capabilities of some observed objects, suggesting they surpass current human technology. The document also touches upon the historical aspect of these sightings, dating back to the 19th century. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation into these phenomena, acknowledging their persistent occurrence and the challenges in explaining them through conventional means, while also noting the government's historical involvement and the eventual declassification or public acknowledgment of some aspects of the research.

This issue of 'Подводные Тайны' (Underwater Mysteries), Volume 1, Issue 1, published in 1992, delves into unexplained phenomena encountered by naval personnel, primarily focusing on mysterious underwater acoustic signals dubbed 'Quakers' and various unexplained luminous events at sea.

The 'Quaker' Phenomenon

The magazine presents accounts from various naval officers and experts regarding the 'Quaker' signals. V.T. Kulinchenko describes how all fleets were tasked with collecting information on acoustic phenomena, with officers collecting this data being nicknamed 'Quakers.' He recalls a 'Quaker' on the Northern Fleet having a secret map of the entire North Atlantic, from Iceland to the Barents Sea, marked with these phenomena.

I.G. Kostev, captain 1st rank and commander of a nuclear submarine, states that 'Quakers' were primary objects of observation and description. If multiple 'Quakers' were present, their geographical and geometrical positioning needed to be recorded.

Admiral A.A. Komaritsyn, head of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Russian Navy, explains that when maneuvering around these formations and their acoustic emissions, they attempted to locate them using active sonar.

Vice-Admiral Yu.P. Kvyatkovsky, head of the Reconnaissance Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy, notes that the Academy of Sciences was involved in this problem at the request of the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. His own research institute, specializing in hydroacoustics, also worked on it.

Theories and Observations of 'Quakers'

Various organizations were involved in studying underwater noises, with differing assessments. The prevailing theory was that 'Quakers' were new developments by the Americans. However, opinions differed on their purpose; some believed they were devices to create interference for Soviet submarines, while submariners argued they did not create significant interference. Others thought they were devices that facilitated navigation for American submarines, elements of a global detection system.

V.L. Grigoryan, a reconnaissance veteran, served as a fleet staff officer and plotted 'Quakers' on maps based on submarine commander reports, considering them part of a submarine detection system.

Admiral of the Fleet V.N. Chernavin, Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, recalls the opinion that 'Quakers' were stationary hydroacoustic detection systems installed by Americans, mentioning known systems like 'SOSUS.'

However, the idea of a global system was deemed too costly. A theory developed under Admiral N.N. Amelko and Admiral E.I. Volobuyev proposed a global system of hydroacoustic buoys, but the immense size and cost made it impractical.

Some argued that a system of submarine detection spreading across the global ocean was unlikely, suggesting that navigation beacons or detection elements would need to be stationary with a fixed geographical reference. However, submarine observations often contradicted this.

E. Ibragimov, captain 2nd rank and chief specialist of the Radio-Technical Service, described 'Quakers' as remarkably maneuverable, with calculations showing speeds up to 150-200 knots (up to 370 km/h), often maintaining a position relative to the submarine.

A.N. Korzhev noted that attempts to determine their location were difficult due to shifting bearings. He also checked previous detection points upon returning from missions.

Some observations suggested 'Quakers' were moving objects, not stationary ones, as their locations did not always match previous sightings or they appeared in new places with different characteristics.

Kvyatkovsky questioned the purpose of 'Quakers,' suggesting they might be psychological warfare tools rather than detection systems. He described a scenario where a submarine commander, believing they were performing a covert mission, might be unnerved by these 'quaking' signals, leading to psychological pressure.

However, he also noted that if 'Quakers' were stationary, they would be effective for psychological warfare. But their mobility and the sheer number required made this theory problematic, as it would necessitate complex propulsion and autonomous power systems, and managing thousands of them would be a monumental task, possibly too expensive just to 'frighten' Soviet submariners.

The sheer number of 'Quakers' observed was also puzzling, increasing over time and appearing beyond the Atlantic, in the Norwegian and Barents Seas.

Counter-Admiral V.M. Monastyrshin stated that they detected several 'Quakers' daily, mapping and analyzing their frequency and location. He remarked that so many had been detected that it seemed the entire world was dedicated to their manufacture and deployment.

Komaritsyn reported encountering 'Quakers' in the Pacific Ocean (near Guam and the 'Eight and a Half' Strait) in the mid-1970s, noting that commanders returning from that region spoke of such encounters.

Some encounters with 'Quakers' challenged the notion that these objects were man-made. Komaritsyn described encountering a 'gray biological substance' on the submarine's rubber coating after passing through a 'Quaker' zone, which glowed for a while before fading.

Interaction and Nature of 'Quakers'

Submarines sometimes attempted to establish contact with 'Quakers,' changing the frequency and tone of their signals. V.T. Kulinchenko described how submarines would emit acoustic pulses, and 'Quakers' would react by changing the tonality of their 'utterances,' but whether these reactions were meaningful was unclear.

Komaritsyn observed 'Quakers' changing their tone, shifting from low to high frequencies as a submarine approached. He also conducted an experiment where he activated his hydroacoustic station and entered a signal area. The signals split and then ceased, only to resume when he turned back, indicating no technical components like metal or plastic, but rather an 'energetic formation.' Many commanders reported similar observations.

Monastyrshin suggested that 'Quakers' might be non-technical, perhaps 'living energetic formations.'

Kvyatkovsky mentioned that even scientists from the Academy of Sciences attributed these phenomena to biological origins to close the case, but the basis for this was unclear.

Some heard living sounds in the 'Quaker' signals, while others were convinced of their technical origin. The speed of 'Quakers' was a point of contention, as even fast marine animals like marlin only reach about 80 km/h, significantly slower than the observed speeds. The idea of intelligent 'animals' gathering to accompany warships was also considered unlikely.

It was speculated that 'Quakers' might be 'underwater ghosts' or 'underwater UFOs' that accompany submarines near their bases.

The 'Quaker' Program and Its Closure

One version suggested that 'Quakers' were part of a special group's efforts within the Main Staff of the Navy, but publicly admitting this was risky given the official Soviet stance that UFOs did not exist. Opinions on the nature of 'Quakers' remained divided even among those studying the problem, with a 1970s conference failing to reach conclusions.

Kulinchenko noted that 'mysterious Quakers' appeared in the early 1970s, with a peak in reports between 1975 and 1980, after which reports ceased for five years. The 'Quaker' program was closed in the mid-1980s, and its results remain classified.

In 1991, after the Cold War, American military allowed civilian scientists to analyze audio recordings from a global hydroacoustic surveillance system (dating back to the 1960s) designed to track Soviet submarines. These systems use underwater microphones placed at depths where sound travels unimpeded.

By 2006, physicist Robert Spindel from the University of Seattle had compiled a collection of sounds from this system. 'Quacking' was a common descriptor, but other sounds were also identified, such as 'train,' 'whistle,' 'lawnmower,' and 'bass.' A sound termed 'ascending' was frequently recorded between 1991 and 1994, disappeared, and reappeared in 2005, detected simultaneously by microphones on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. The nature of these sounds remains unknown.

Luminous Phenomena of Unknown Origin

The magazine also details several historical accounts of unexplained luminous phenomena at sea.

Historical Sightings

• July 16, 1864, South China Sea: A watch officer on the clipper 'Vestnik' observed two bright, pulsating light spots that appeared as glowing, rotating wheels with curved rays, approximately 20 meters thick, partially submerged. They rotated at about 10 revolutions per minute.
• May 15, 1879, Persian Gulf: The captain of the British warship 'Vulture' observed glowing waves or oscillations in the water moving at high speed. He then saw what appeared to be a rotating wheel with glowing spokes, and another wheel rotating in the opposite direction. These waves illuminated the hulls of distant ships. The speed of the waves was estimated at 74-75 per minute, with a speed of about 84 miles per hour. The phenomenon lasted about 35 minutes.
• April 4, 1901, Persian Gulf: The crew of the ship 'Kilve' observed glowing circles at a low altitude above the sea surface, appearing as flashes moving at 60 miles per hour. The captain reported this to the Royal Meteorological Society.
• August 22, 1908, Sea of Okhotsk: Passengers on the Russian steamship 'Okhotsk' witnessed an unusually bright greenish-white light that surrounded the vessel, moved with it, and then detached, moving towards the horizon. This was followed by similar lights. Military doctor F.D. Derbek described simultaneous phases of light formation, with one light appearing, another detaching, a third moving away, and a fourth illuminating the horizon.
• October 12, 1969, Bay of Bengal: The crew of the research vessel 'Vladimir Vorobyov' observed a bright white spot rotating counter-clockwise, about 300-400 meters in diameter. It later broke into eight rotating rays. Sonar detected an object at a depth of 170 meters. The phenomenon caused pressure on the crew's eardrums and a state of panic.
• February 1972, North Atlantic: Vice-Admiral Kvyatkovsky reported observing a large, elliptical, orange-red object above the horizon while on a diesel submarine. The object maintained its position relative to the submarine, and attempts to approach it were unsuccessful. He noted that a commander on a previous mission had a similar encounter.

Modern Sightings

The magazine concludes by stating that similar luminous phenomena are still observed today.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores unexplained phenomena encountered by naval forces, particularly within the underwater domain. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting documented accounts and expert opinions without definitively concluding the nature of these events, highlighting the ongoing mystery and the challenges in explaining them. The recurring themes include acoustic anomalies ('Quakers'), unexplained lights, and the potential for unknown entities or technologies operating in the world's oceans. The Cold War context is evident, with much of the discussion revolving around potential Soviet-American technological or intelligence-gathering activities, but the possibility of non-human or unknown natural phenomena is also explored.

This issue of 'UFO' (Volume null, Issue 1, dated 1987-92) focuses on documented sightings of unidentified underwater objects (USOs) and unexplained luminous phenomena, primarily from naval and maritime contexts. The content draws from reports and testimonies spanning several decades, from the 1950s to the 1990s.

Reported Sightings and Phenomena

The magazine details numerous incidents, often involving Soviet naval vessels and personnel, as well as international reports. Key events include:

1973: Malacca Strait The crew of the Soviet ship 'Anton Makarenko' witnessed a large, underwater 'glowing wheel' with luminous lines and a rotating center. Captain E.V. Lysenko described the phenomenon as producing a cold, silvery light that filled the horizon, causing dizziness and nausea among the crew.

1974: Kuril Islands Sailors reported observing a phenomenon referred to as a 'burning circle' or 'glowing cloud' that rapidly approached and emitted a bright column of light, causing compasses to dance and hair to crackle.

Indian Ocean Encounters Admiral Komaritsyn reported seeing an object resembling a rising sun, which prompted him to dive his submarine. Later, in the same region, he observed unexplained underwater glows spreading in stripes.

1977: Gulf of Aden The ship 'Nikolai Kremnyansky' experienced a sudden sea luminescence that formed a large circle around the vessel, accompanied by a drop in engine speed and a change in water temperature.

1978: Gulf of Guayaquil The crew of the 'Novokuznetsk' observed glowing stripes in the water, followed by a flattened white sphere that emerged, circled the ship, and then submerged.

1983: Atlantic Ocean Captain P. Syrchenko reported a distinct glow from the ocean depths for 20 minutes while on duty south of Iceland.

1984: Adriatic Sea Witnesses on the research vessel 'Professor Pavlenko' saw a luminous spot on the water from which rings spread outwards rapidly.

1967: Siam Gulf Sailors on four Dutch ships observed large, rapidly rotating underwater 'glowing wheels,' later identified as a convex, glowing object approximately 20-30 meters in diameter.

1975: Charvak Reservoir, Uzbekistan Four individuals witnessed a glowing sphere emerge from the water, ascend, and form concentric circles before disappearing.

Other Notable Incidents

• 1950s-1960s: Reports from the Black Sea, Atlantic Ocean (Antarctica), and the Sea of Okhotsk detail objects with unusual speeds, depths, and shapes, including egg-shaped and disc-like objects.
• 1963: Caribbean Sea: US Navy exercises detected unidentified objects moving at high speeds (100-150 knots) at depths of 4-6.5 km.
• 1965: Azores: A US Navy task force detected a USO moving at 150-200 knots.
• 1970s-1980s: Arctic observations included the repeated sighting of objects emerging from the water.
• 1979: Canary Islands: Thousands witnessed a large, dark object emerge from the water, ascend, and create a large glowing cloud.
• 1979: South Atlantic: Fishermen observed an object that emerged from the water and hovered at a high altitude.

Characteristics of Unidentified Underwater Objects (UFOs/USOs)

The issue categorizes UFOs/USOs based on observed characteristics:

• Great Depths and Extreme Speeds: Objects detected moving at depths of up to 2 km with speeds far exceeding conventional vessels.
• Large Size: Reports include objects with dimensions ranging from 20-30 meters to several kilometers in diameter, and thicknesses up to 270 meters.
• Transition Between Water and Air: Numerous accounts describe objects emerging from the water and flying into the sky, often without causing significant water disturbance.
• Electromagnetic Effects: Some sightings were associated with malfunctions of shipboard navigation and communication equipment.
• Physical Traces: While often described as leaving no wake, some incidents involved water disturbances or glowing rings.

Hypotheses and Explanations

The magazine discusses the hypothesis proposed by German oceanologist K. Kale, suggesting that 'figurative' glows are caused by seismic wave interference affecting microorganisms. However, the article notes that this theory does not account for all observed phenomena, such as the rotation of lights or the absence of microorganisms during certain events. The issue concludes that current science cannot provide a definitive explanation for these phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the persistent reporting of unexplained underwater and aerial phenomena, often involving naval assets and experienced observers. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting these events without definitively attributing them to known causes, highlighting the mysterious nature of these sightings and the limitations of current scientific understanding. The issue emphasizes the need for further investigation into these 'unknown underwater objects' (UFOs/USOs).

This document, likely an issue of a magazine focused on UFO phenomena, presents a collection of reported sightings and encounters, with a particular emphasis on events involving water bodies. The content spans historical accounts from the 17th century to more recent observations up to the 1990s, drawing heavily on reports from Soviet and Russian naval personnel and expeditions.

Documented Sightings and Encounters

The issue details numerous incidents, often categorized by location and date:

Underwater Emergence and Submersion

Several reports describe UFOs emerging from or submerging into the sea. For instance, in May 1979, a large, glowing disk-shaped object reportedly rose from the Black Sea near a ship, causing a dramatic water effect before ascending into the sky. Photo 27 and 33 illustrate UFOs emerging from underwater near South Georgia Island in 1979. Photo 28 provides a similar depiction from the Black Sea in May 1979. In 1980-81, residents of the Kola Peninsula reported UFOs emerging from the Barents Sea at least 36 times. A cigar-shaped UFO was photographed emerging from the Barents Sea in 1981 (Photo 29). In May 1982, off the coast of Kamchatka, a cigar-shaped object, 150-200 meters long, emerged from the water, hovered, activated engines, and disappeared. In 1983, near the Bay of Biscay, a sparkling object emerged from the water like a "giant grasshopper." In 1990, three UFOs emerged from the water in the Bering Strait. The document also notes a 1906 sighting in the North Atlantic where three objects entered the water, followed by a saucer-shaped object. In Summer 1962, near Brazil, a UFO submerged into the water while another emerged.

Aerial Observations and Maneuvers

Beyond water-related incidents, the magazine details various aerial sightings. In 1978, a flattened sphere-shaped object with protruding structures was observed moving over the Mediterranean Sea. In 1979, near South Georgia Island, a round object with an internal triangle was observed for an extended period. In 1982, Captain A. Sokolov of the Soviet Navy recounted an incident where a cigar-shaped object hovered and then rapidly ascended. In 1984, near the Gulf of Finland, a triangular object with glowing "whiskers" was observed, followed by a blue-green sphere. In November 1990, a triangular object hovered over a naval repair area in the Barents Sea. In 1970s, a cylindrical object, 800-900 meters long, was observed in the Pacific Ocean, with smaller objects emerging from it and returning. In 1977, a "star" was observed moving rapidly and then transforming into a bright streak, with smaller "pea-sized" objects emerging from a cylinder. In 1980, a cone-shaped object with a bright light emerged from a cigar-shaped object and hovered before splitting into two. In 1983, an elliptical object moved slowly over the Barents Sea, synchronizing with a ship before dividing into three spheres. In March 1985, a large, kilometer-diameter sphere was detected over the Caspian Sea, with a disk separating from it and repeatedly landing and taking off near patrol boats before rejoining the sphere. In 1991, residents and naval crews in Sevastopol observed a diamond-shaped UFO, followed by a triangular pyramid with a spotlight-like projection. In 1947, anti-aircraft gunners observed small disk-like objects circling guns, which were later absorbed by larger disks. In 1952, during combat in Korea, a UFO reportedly split into two objects over the Sea of Japan.

Object Characteristics and Capabilities

The document highlights the diverse characteristics of these objects, noting their unusual shapes (cigars, cylinders, spheres, triangles, pyramids, etc.) and sizes, ranging from centimeters to kilometers. Their capabilities are described as advanced, often exceeding current military technology, with silent movement, rapid acceleration, and the ability to transition between air and water. Some reports mention electromagnetic effects or physical traces left behind.

Notable Witnesses and Historical Context

Many accounts are provided by credible witnesses, including naval captains, submariners, and academics like Academician R.F. Avramenko. The historical account from 1663, based on monastery documents, suggests that observations of unusual aerial phenomena are not a recent occurrence. The magazine also references archives such as those of the Russian Geographical Society (RGO) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), as well as historical UFO databases like the US "Blue Book" archive.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the mysterious nature of UFOs/UAPs, their advanced capabilities, and their frequent interaction with naval and maritime environments. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and documentation of these phenomena, presenting witness testimony and photographic evidence without overt skepticism, aiming to inform readers about reported encounters and the ongoing mystery surrounding unidentified aerial objects. The emphasis on military witnesses and official reports suggests an effort to lend credibility to the subject matter.

This issue of "Tekhnika Molodezhi" (1991, Issue 10) is dedicated to the phenomenon of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) and Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), presenting a compilation of reports, eyewitness accounts, and expert opinions, with a particular focus on naval encounters and military observations. The magazine explores the characteristics, behaviors, and potential implications of these phenomena, drawing from incidents that occurred primarily between the 1960s and the early 1990s.

Document Type and Publisher

The document is a magazine issue, specifically "Tekhnika Molodezhi," published by "Molodaya Gvardiya" in the USSR in 1991, issue number 10. The cover headline prominently features "Неопознанные летающие объекты" (Unidentified Flying Objects).

Key Incidents and Sightings

The issue details numerous specific incidents, often involving naval personnel and vessels:

• 1964, North Atlantic: A submarine's second-in-command, A. Voronov, reported a silent, cigar-shaped object with bright beams that submerged without a trace.
• September 1972, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril Islands: The crew of the Soviet cruiser "Varyag" witnessed an object fall from the sky into the ocean, transforming from a sphere to a cone upon impact.
• Late 1982, Black Sea, Crimea: During naval exercises near Balaklava, an unidentified target that did not respond to identification queries was observed. It flew at helicopter altitude, emitted sparks, and disappeared underwater when interceptors approached.
• 1985, Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda: An unidentified object caused all electronic and magnetic equipment on a ship to shut down for 11 minutes.
• August 1944, Sea of Okhotsk, Primorye: A large, luminous spot appeared, surrounded a naval vessel, caused radio silence, and enveloped the ship in a glowing fog.
• 1967, Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda: Two Cuban MiG-21 fighters attempting to intercept a spherical UFO experienced radar and missile failure, with one aircraft reportedly exploding.
• October 1975, Atlantic Ocean, West Africa: Three luminous spots appeared near a naval vessel, causing radio blackout and temporary disappearance from radar.
• August 12, 1979, Black Sea, Adler: An engineer observed a luminous object performing strange maneuvers for over two hours and managed to photograph it.
• August-September 1980, Caspian Sea: A UFO reportedly 'probed' radar stations with its beams, leaving behind melted ground traces.
• 1982, Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka: During a large-scale exercise, radio communication between ships and shore was interrupted for half an hour by a UFO's passage.
• October 1988, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril Islands: A large UFO with numerous lights caused all systems on the aircraft carrier "Novorossiysk" to shut down.
• July 14, 1989, Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda Triangle: A bright star-like object grew rapidly, interrupted radio contact, and hovered near a destroyer before disappearing.
• February 1, 1993, Gulf of Finland, Kronstadt: Two luminous objects flying at supersonic speed were observed, moving silently and not detected by radar.
• 1960s, Sea of Japan: A high-speed aerial target appeared on radar, approached silently, and disappeared into a 'dead zone' without visual confirmation.
• Early Autumn 1982, Sea of Japan: During naval exercises, an unidentified target appeared on radar, did not respond to identification queries, and mimicked helicopter maneuvers, remaining undetected by radar for three hours.
• November 1976, Mediterranean Sea: A silver, moon-sized disc was observed, followed by a large, glowing globe over the sea that simulated movement, showing locations like Spain and Italy.
• September 1982, Black Sea, Kerch: A large UFO (approx. 400 meters in diameter) with three beams illuminated a boat and its occupants, described as a "rotating-corkscrew" movement.
• Summer 1986, Baltic Sea: Six officers observed a UFO that was not detected by onboard radar. A green beam from the object struck one officer's hand, causing numbness.
• November 30, 1990, Barents Sea: An oval object flew silently from the east over a naval base.
• April 18, 1992, Sea of Okhotsk: Military pilots observed a glowing ball with two shimmering points connected by a bright band, which then emitted nine beams of different colors and lengths. It demonstrated advanced maneuvering capabilities.
• August 26, 1975, Barents Sea, Motovsky Gulf: An object shaped like an inverted cone appeared, illuminated civilian vessels with a beam, then hovered over a submarine at a low altitude, displaying colored bands and a triangular light.

Unusual Characteristics and Capabilities

The magazine highlights several extraordinary characteristics attributed to UFOs and UAPs:

• Electromagnetic and Magnetic Effects: Frequent observations of significantly increased electromagnetic and magnetic fields near UFOs, leading to temporary or complete failure of electronic and radio equipment. This effect is sometimes described as targeted.
• Radar Invisibility: Cases where objects were visually detected but invisible to radar, or vice versa. Some objects were described as being surrounded by a field that absorbed electromagnetic radiation.
• Unusual Movement: Objects exhibited non-traditional trajectories, extreme speeds (up to 10.5 km/sec), rapid acceleration, instantaneous 90-degree turns, and vertical take-offs to high altitudes.
• Invulnerability to Weaponry: Reports of UFOs being fired upon with no apparent effect, demonstrating resistance to conventional weapons.
• Transformation and Mimicry: UFOs are described as changing shape, color, and size, sometimes transforming into cloud-like formations or becoming invisible, blending with their surroundings.
• Unusual Light Emission: Objects emitted beams of light with varying properties, including "telescopic" beams that extended and retracted, and hollow or dark beams.
• Psychic and Projection Effects: Some observations suggest UFOs could influence human psyche or project holographic-like images.

Expert Opinions and Analysis

Several individuals with military and intelligence backgrounds offer their perspectives:

• Captain 1st Rank Barclay I.M. (1970-80s): Stated that all available facts indicated UFOs were not natural phenomena but possessed a rational, deliberate, and technological character.
• Captain 1st Rank Berezhnoi V.E. (1980s): As head of intelligence for the Northern Fleet, he noted that UFOs frequently appeared near naval bases and advanced submarines, suggesting an interest in military technology. He also mentioned that photographic attempts to capture UFOs often resulted in overexposed images.
• V.G. Azhazha (Veteran Submariner, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences): Cited observations from the Institute of Earth Physics regarding phenomena in the Caspian Sea.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the unexplained nature of UFOs/UAPs, their advanced technological capabilities, their frequent interaction with military and naval activities, and the persistent mystery surrounding their origin and purpose. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and documentation of these phenomena, presenting them as credible events observed by trained personnel, rather than dismissing them as mere misidentifications or hoaxes. The magazine emphasizes the need for further study and understanding of these objects, highlighting their potential significance and the limitations of current human knowledge in explaining them.

This issue of "Tekhnika – Molodezhi" (Technology for Youth) from October 1996 delves into the intriguing and often baffling world of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) and Unidentified Underwater Objects (UPOs). The magazine explores various incidents, scientific investigations, and theoretical explanations surrounding these phenomena, particularly those observed in oceanic environments.

Unidentified Objects in the Ocean

The issue highlights how UFO interest has extended to naval activities, with reports of objects appearing when ocean areas are closed for ballistic missile tests. More significantly, it details cases involving deep-sea submersibles and equipment that have encountered unexplained phenomena.

Jean Piccard's Observations

Explorer Jean Piccard is featured for his two notable observations of unknown underwater objects. On November 15, 1959, during a dive in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 700 fathoms (approximately 1.5 kilometers), his bathyscaphe recorded a "round, disc-shaped object with numerous glowing points." A second sighting occurred in 1968 near the Bahamas, where Piccard observed an ellipsoidal object exceeding 30 meters in length moving at high speed.

Soviet Research Vessel Incident

A significant incident occurred on September 1, 1968, in the Pacific Ocean. Soviet oceanographers aboard the research vessel "Akademik Kurchatov" were conducting bottom soil studies near South America. When a piece of equipment reached a depth of 500 meters, the cable suddenly veered and slackened, indicating it had been pulled. Within minutes, three thick steel cables, one attached to a soil sampler and another to a dredge, snapped. This was highly unusual, as such a failure had never occurred in 20 years of sailing. Upon recovery, the ends of the snapped cables showed signs of being "cut" as if by a giant file, a damage pattern that baffled the oceanographers.

US Deep-Sea Platform Incident

Another perplexing event took place on April 17, 1995, in the Mariana Trench at a depth of about 11,000 meters. A US unmanned deep-sea research platform, equipped with lighting and television systems, was lowered into the ocean via steel cables 20 mm in diameter. After several hours, television monitors showed silhouettes of large, unidentified objects, and microphones picked up sounds of scraping metal and dull impacts. When the platform was retrieved, its structural components, designed to ensure rigidity, were found to be bent. One of the steel cables was damaged by more than half its diameter. An examination concluded that the damage was consistent with being cut by a metallic object, ruling out abrasion against a rocky outcrop.

Expert Opinions and Theories

The magazine presents a section on the conclusions and expert views regarding UFOs and UPOs. It acknowledges that these phenomena represent a new challenge to science, pushing the boundaries of current understanding. Admiral V.N. Chernavin, former Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy, is quoted stating that UFOs and similar objects are beyond current scientific comprehension and technical capabilities, but this doesn't mean they don't exist.

Possible Explanations

Several hypotheses are discussed:

1. Natural Phenomena: While this version is considered, it's noted that it cannot explain the full spectrum of observed phenomena. Hypotheses involving glowing microorganisms or energy discharges are generally dismissed.
2. Earthly Civilizations: Another theory suggests that UFOs and UPOs are products of advanced terrestrial groups possessing technologies unknown to the public. V. Vasiliev, a researcher, believes a scientific elite in the US has access to vast amounts of Ufological and technological information. However, this theory struggles to explain sightings that have occurred for centuries and are widespread.
3. Parallel Civilizations: The idea of an ancient, highly developed civilization coexisting with humanity, possibly inhabiting underwater and aerial realms and having access to space, is proposed. The manifestations of this civilization are seen as anomalous phenomena and UFO/UPO sightings.
4. Extraterrestrial Forces: It's suggested that extraterrestrial entities might be behind these phenomena, with their actions possibly serving as an "invitation to dialogue" with humanity. The unusual methods might indicate dissatisfaction with secret agreements between governments and an "elite," leading to more public displays.
5. Joint Spectacle: A more complex theory posits that some UFO/UPO manifestations are a coordinated "performance" involving both terrestrial and non-terrestrial actors.

The article emphasizes that while many questions remain unanswered, there is no evidence of direct aggression or suppression from these phenomena. This leads to a hopeful conclusion that those behind them either do not yet have full control or do not intend to use brute force. The authors suggest that these phenomena aim to influence human worldview and perceptions.

Evolutionary Significance

The issue concludes by suggesting that these unexplained phenomena indicate that the world, once thought to be well-understood, is revealing a new dimension. It speculates that these events might signal the end of humanity's isolation and the beginning of a new evolutionary phase, leading to a broader consciousness of global unity and connection with a universal intelligence.

Index of Names

The magazine includes a comprehensive index of names, primarily featuring individuals with significant careers in the Soviet and Russian navies, many of whom held high-ranking positions. These individuals are often cited for their expertise in naval operations, intelligence, and, in some cases, their involvement or interest in the study of UFOs and anomalous phenomena. Notable figures include Admiral V.N. Chernavin, Admiral N.N. Amelko, and various other admirals and captains who served in different fleets and departments. The index also lists individuals associated with scientific institutions like the Institute of Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN) and the Russian Geographical Society.

Authors

Brief biographical notes are provided for the authors. Evgeny Petrovich Litvinov is identified as a captain 1st rank, a veteran of the submarine fleet, and the chairman of the commission for the study of anomalous phenomena of the Russian Geographical Society. Vitaly Leonidovich Pravdivtsev is described as a Colonel of Rocket and Space Defense, a candidate of technical sciences, and a director and scriptwriter of documentary films focusing on underwater mysteries, UFOs, and historical enigmas.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around unexplained aerial and underwater phenomena, particularly their connection to naval activities and scientific research. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting various incidents and theories without definitively endorsing any single explanation. There is a clear emphasis on the limitations of current scientific understanding and the potential for these phenomena to represent a significant, perhaps evolutionary, shift in human perception and understanding of the universe. The magazine encourages readers to consider the possibility of advanced intelligences, whether terrestrial or extraterrestrial, influencing or observing humanity.