Tonnel - No 13 - 2004

Magazine Overview

Title: ТОННЕЛЬ (TUNNEL)
Issue: № 13 (2004)
Publisher: АКАДЕМИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ И ПРИКЛАДНОЙ УФОЛОГИИ (Academy of Informational and Applied Ufology) / МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ УФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АССОЦИАЦИЯ (International Ufological Association)
Location: Moscow, Russia
Date: 2004

This issue of 'TUNNEL' is a collection of scientific works, presented in an electronic version, focusing on the study of anomalous phenomena. The publication originates from the Academy of Informational and Applied Ufology and the International Ufological Association.

Contents

The table of contents lists three main articles:

1. Кузнецова И.С. Академик Г.С.Писаренко в изучении аномальных явлений в окружающей среде (I.S. Kuznetsova. Academician G.S. Pisarenko in the study of anomalous phenomena in the environment)
2. Пархомов А.Г. Физик в парапсихологии. Опыты и раздумья. (A.G. Parkhomov. A Physicist in Parapsychology. Experiments and Reflections.)
3. Забелышенский В.И. Киборги с НЛО. (V.I. Zabelyshensky. Cyborgs from UFOs.)

Article 1: Academician G.S. Pisarenko in the Study of Anomalous Phenomena in the Environment (by I.S. Kuznetsova)

This article details the establishment and early activities of a public scientific organization dedicated to the study of anomalous phenomena (AP) in the environment. The author, I.S. Kuznetsova, recounts her acquaintance with Academician G.S. Pisarenko of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, who became the leader of this initiative.

Genesis of the Section

The section's formation began in October 1980 when a group of representatives from various Kyiv organizations (Kyiv Center for Environmental Study and Control, Aerological Station of the Hydrometeorological Directorate, Scientific Research Institute of Communications, Institute of Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR) approached G.S. Pisarenko. They requested him to head a public research organization, the Section for the Study of Anomalous Phenomena in the Biosphere, which was to be established under the line of scientific and technical societies. This request was supported by a letter signed by over twenty employees from different city institutes, expressing their serious intent to research anomalous phenomena.

The initiative had received prior support. On April 4, 1980, the President of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician B.E. Paton, had supported the initiative and issued a directive to the Chairman of the Republican Council of NTO, Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician V.I. Trefilov, to facilitate the organization of such a scientific research section. On June 27, 1980, the Board of the Republican Council of NTO, represented by V.I. Trefilov, tasked the chairman of the Republican Board of NTO for Radio Electronics and Communications, E.V. Chernyshev, to explore the possibility of organizing the section within the specialized society for radio electronics. This proved feasible, and organizational and financial matters were being resolved.

Similar organizations already existed in other Soviet cities (Gorky, Leningrad, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Tallinn). It was also known that the problem of observing and studying anomalous phenomena was gaining traction within the country, despite the general lack of reporting in the press due to ideological reasons. Information from official channels indicated that various departments were already engaged in such work.

Documentation and Initial Steps

Along with the letter to Pisarenko, several documents were submitted, including a directive from the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control (No. UKOS-349, July 11, 1979) concerning the organization of regular observations of anomalous phenomena in the atmosphere and space, signed by L.A. Alexandrov. This directive was accompanied by three appendices: methodological guidelines for observing AP and their effects, organizational guidelines for observations, and a report on an unusual atmospheric phenomenon.

Additionally, a directive from the Ukrainian Republican Directorate for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control (No. OPO-1104/3M, July 30, 1979) regarding AP observations in the atmosphere was provided, signed by Deputy Head P.V. Shendrik. This included reports on AP observations, synoptic conditions, a report from the Krasnoyarsk Hydrometeorological Observatory, and recommendations for the Navy on observing unidentified flying objects. A preliminary plan for the Section's immediate and future work, along with eyewitness testimonies, was also presented.

Pisarenko invited employees from the Institute of Strength Problems (IPP) of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, including L.V. Kravchuk (Scientific Secretary of the Commission for Space Research) and Yu.M. Rodichev, to discuss the matter. The meeting evolved into a working session where the Section's plan was discussed, covering aspects like collecting and processing information on AP in Ukraine, analyzing 120 letters about an anomalous phenomenon in Kyiv (October 30, 1963), reviewing newspaper and magazine archives for past observations, developing observation methodologies, surveying landing sites of AP, assessing the impact of AP on living environments and technology, and reviewing astronomical literature on lunar luminescence.

Pisarenko agreed to lead the society, refining the Section's name to 'Study of Anomalous Phenomena in the Environment' and appointing L.V. Kravchuk and Yu.M. Rodichev as deputies. The entire process, from introduction to decision-making, took about 30-40 minutes, a testament to Pisarenko's efficiency.

His willingness to take on a problem that was outside his specialization and officially discouraged, even by mainstream science, was remarkable and considered a significant act.

The Role of B.E. Paton and the Public's Interest

It is noted that the selection of a leader for the Section was influenced by discussions within the Academy of Sciences, with B.E. Paton and his assistant V.P. Tsemko having promised to facilitate the process. The article emphasizes the importance of Paton's support in finding an ideal candidate. The article also reflects on the societal changes since the 1980s, contrasting the openness to new ideas then with the current indifference to anything not related to private interests. In the 1980s, despite limitations on freedom of thought and information exchange, new ideas resonated widely.

The interest in the existence of life in the universe and hypotheses about cosmic intelligence (citing Tsiolkovsky, Vernadsky, Chizhevsky, Teilhard de Chardin) served as a catalyst. This was further fueled by unexplained facts from history and personal accounts. A significant event that spurred interest in Kyiv was a five-hour lecture by V.G. Azhazha, a candidate of technical sciences and a specialist in hydroacoustics, titled "Reason in Space? Facts and Hypotheses." These lectures, initially held at the Kyiv branch of the Scientific Research Institute of Communications and later at various other institutions, faced opposition from the 'Znanie' society but gained popularity.

Azhazha's lectures united educated individuals, including scientists, who felt the need to move beyond established models of the universe. The lectures stirred public consciousness, revealing a large number of people who had experienced inexplicable phenomena. This personal connection likely drove attendance. The realization that the world was more complex than previously thought, with living witnesses providing compelling accounts, was profound. The article suggests that these witnesses were not easily dismissed as mystics or mentally ill.

The belief that answers could be found by uniting specialists from various fields led to the approach to the Academy of Sciences. However, given the circumstances, the approach was made to B.E. Paton, the President of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, rather than through official channels.

Meeting with B.E. Paton and Official Recognition

On April 4, 1980, representatives met with B.E. Paton, who expressed full support for creating a scientific and technical society for the study of unknown natural phenomena and facilitated the project's realization. Following G.S. Pisarenko's agreement to lead the Section, the public activist group was invited to meet with the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, specifically with Vice-President A.N. Trefilov, who headed the union of scientific and engineering associations of Ukraine. Trefilov was briefed on the Section's goals and methods and promised full support from the Academy of Sciences once the Section achieved scientific proof of AP's existence. This meeting solidified the decision to establish the public scientific section.

Subsequently, on November 28, 1980, the Ukrainian Republican Board of NTO for Radio Electronics and Communications named after A.S. Popova officially organized the republican section "Study of Anomalous Phenomena in the Environment." G.S. Pisarenko, Chairman of the Commission for Space Research of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, was appointed Chairman. L.V. Kravchuk and Yu.M. Rodichev, senior researchers from the Institute of Strength Problems of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, were appointed as deputies.

A congratulatory letter for the Section was sent to the Board of NTO for Radio Electronics and Communications named after A.S. Popova from the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, signed by B.E. Paton, for the New Year 1981. The article notes that despite the "stagnant" 1980s, there were instances of genuine democracy, and the formation of this scientific section was one such example, a feat considered impossible in the current era of "triumphant democracy."

Article 2: First Steps (by I.S. Kuznetsova)

Organizational Meeting

The active members of the Section began their work on December 8, 1980. A preparatory meeting was held to discuss organizational tasks and plans for the upcoming year. Attendees included L.V. Kravchuk, Yu.M. Rodichev, A.F. Pugach (GAO AS USSR), R.S. Furduy (Kyiv State University), V.G. Pisarenko (Institute of Physics AS USSR), G.A. Mikhailov (Institute of Cybernetics AS USSR), and A.P. Volkhonovich (Aerological Observatory of the Hydrometeorological Directorate), among others, totaling 15 individuals. Valery Georgievich Pisarenko, son of G.S. Pisarenko, was present and represented his father's pride in his son's scientific achievements.

Section's Operational Rules

The meeting established the basic rules for the Section's future work. Criteria for admitting new members (based on business qualities) were defined, along with guidelines for disseminating information externally. A group for primary information processing was formed, and the task of creating an observer questionnaire based on existing domestic and foreign developments was assigned. Organizational tasks included notifying about the Section's creation, recruiting specialists, preparing for instrumental research, and securing material resources.

Organizational and Mass Work

On January 5, 1981, following coordination with G.S. Pisarenko, informational letters were sent to heads of regional NTO boards, announcing the Section's formation and its interest in receiving reports of AP observations from across Ukraine. The letters stated that the Section would analyze and generalize incoming data, study the physical aspects of observed phenomena using the latest technical means, and requested that observations be sent according to a provided observer questionnaire.

Simultaneously, informational letters were sent to heads of enterprises in Kyiv whose specializations aligned with the Section's interests. These letters outlined the Section's planned activities: collecting information on AP in the environment, processing this information, studying methods and tools for AP recognition, investigating the physical nature of observed phenomena, and reviewing AP literature. The letters also requested recommendations for specialists from these enterprises to work within the Section.

The official status of the Section and its chairman allowed for direct communication with the public. However, the incoming reports from eyewitnesses were often uninformative and ineffective, lacking crucial details for analysis. A large set of testimonies regarding an event on October 30, 1963, obtained from the archives of the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, could not be identified due to missing parameters. The descriptions of phenomena like shape, size, and color varied so widely among observers that it created the impression of numerous distinct objects.

It became clear that the public needed training on how to observe phenomena and record data accurately, including date, time, duration, angular size, changes in size and phase, direction, and other details. The article notes that using the press for this training proved problematic, as access to mass media was soon closed off.

Article 3: Letter to E.P. Velikhov (by G.S. Pisarenko)

This section presents correspondence from G.S. Pisarenko to E.P. Velikhov, Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, dated October 1981. Pisarenko, as Chairman of the Commission for Space Research of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Chairman of the Section "Study of Anomalous Phenomena in the Environment," requests Velikhov's opinion on the expediency of publishing a report titled "Anomalous Phenomena in the Atmosphere."

Background of the Letter

The letter explains that the Section was organized on November 28, 1980, under the Republican Board of NTO for Radio Engineering, Electronics, and Communications named after A.S. Popova. Its activities include collecting, analyzing, and generalizing information on anomalous phenomena and studying their physical aspects. Pisarenko emphasizes the need for a scientific approach, which requires reliable eyewitness accounts to distinguish anomalous cases from the general mass of phenomena. He highlights the necessity of minimal instruction for eyewitnesses to focus on key parameters for scientific analysis.

The Section had prepared a short report for publication in the Ukrainian republican press. Given that the Academy of Sciences of the USSR is the leading organization in studying anomalous phenomena, they sought Velikhov's assessment of its publication's feasibility. The report was noted to be similar in content to publications by V.V. Migulin and V.S. Troitsky.

Accompanying Report: "Anomalous Phenomena in the Atmosphere"

A brief report by G.S. Pisarenko, "Anomalous Phenomena in the Atmosphere," was attached. It stated that eyewitnesses of unusual phenomena in the atmosphere and underwater exist among the population. References were made to previous press reports (Pravda, Gorky Truth, Komsomolskaya Pravda) that highlighted the usefulness of collecting eyewitness data for the Academy of Sciences and the National Center for Space Research in France. The report acknowledged that while most phenomena could be explained by natural or technological causes, some remained unidentifiable. It also mentioned that various departments within the USSR, as well as scientific societies in cities like Kyiv, were studying these phenomena.

Follow-up and Lack of Response

Following this, Pisarenko sent another letter on December 18, 1981, to E.P. Velikhov, referencing an earlier letter (No. 56-K/62, October 28, 1981) and reiterating the request for an opinion on publishing the report. No response was received. Pisarenko then sent a message to A.M. Prokhorov, Academician-Secretary of the Department of General Physics and Astronomy, regarding the same report (Letter No. 56-K/10, February 16, 1982), but again, there was no result.

The article comments on Pisarenko's persistence despite potential difficulties, emphasizing his commitment to ensuring the Section's work could reach the public. He consistently stressed the importance of verified facts and the study of natural phenomena. The Section's first organizational meeting took place on June 5, 1981, in Kyiv, attended by 160 representatives. Pisarenko outlined the Section's goals: to facilitate a systematic technical observation system for AP, organize the collection, processing, and analysis of factual information, and develop methods for studying AP, including their impact on nature and technology.

Organizational tasks were largely completed, and the Section's active members began working with new participants, clarifying interests, and forming study groups. Expeditions were undertaken, specialists were sought, and research materials were collected and studied. Efforts were made to establish similar sections in other Ukrainian regions and to exchange experiences with societies in other cities. Preparations were underway for an autumn meeting on AP study experience.

G.S. Pisarenko actively participated in all Section activities, holding meetings at his office every Tuesday (later less frequently). He personally led the meetings and engaged with all questions. Despite his busy schedule, he made time for the Section, showing genuine interest.

Despite his materialist scientific background, Pisarenko calmly accepted "unconventional" eyewitness accounts, embodying a wise and delicate approach, as suggested by the quote attributed to Heraclitus: "If you do not expect the unexpected, you will never find it."

Article 4: Further Attempts at Publication and Information Dissemination (by I.S. Kuznetsova)

Communication with the Press and Authorities

As the Section's secretary, the author frequently communicated with G.S. Pisarenko on various work matters, especially during preparations for scientific and technical conferences. Pisarenko is described as calm, composed, benevolent, and precise, never raising his voice. The author notes that information had to be withheld at times, even during conference presentations, due to the presence of individuals who might misuse it, particularly concerning the creation of devices for measuring subtle fields (e.g., devices by Churnosov I.G. and Beridze).

To address the issue of failed press relations, Pisarenko sent a letter to Glavlit (the main censorship body in the USSR) requesting permission to publish an informational message titled "Study of Anomalous Phenomena in the Environment." This message was intended as a result of a scientific and technical conference on exchanging experience in AP research, planned for 1982. Pisarenko stated that the material did not contain any information that could not be published, according to existing regulations, and provided details on the material's volume (1 printed sheet), circulation (200 copies), language (Russian), and printing method (typographical, xerox).

No response was received from Glavlit. After the conference, a letter was sent to V.I. Trefilov, Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Chairman of the Ukrainian Republican Council of NTO, requesting an expert review of the informational message for possible limited publication. This was intended for experience exchange among regional sections and with sections in Moscow, Leningrad, Gorky, and Voronezh, organized under the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and NTO boards. Again, no response was received.

The author reflects that while the letters to Academicians Velikhov and Prokhorov were sent with respect, the lack of response was a significant obstacle. The article concludes by stating that the difficulties encountered were not solely due to the lack of response from these esteemed scientists but also due to broader systemic issues.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of 'TUNNEL' focuses heavily on the historical development of ufological research in the Soviet Union, particularly in Ukraine. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for a scientific and systematic approach to studying anomalous phenomena, despite significant societal and ideological barriers. There is a strong emphasis on the importance of factual evidence, rigorous methodology, and the need for public engagement and education in observation techniques. The publication highlights the dedication of individuals like G.S. Pisarenko who pursued this research under challenging circumstances. The theme of overcoming obstacles, whether from officialdom, mainstream science, or the press, is recurrent. The articles also touch upon the philosophical implications of studying the unknown and the potential for new discoveries beyond established scientific paradigms.

This issue of UFO Magazine, dated November 1991, focuses on the history and development of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) research within the Soviet Union, with a particular emphasis on the activities of a Ukrainian research section. The magazine delves into the organizational efforts, scientific methodologies, and key incidents that shaped the field during the 1980s.

The Challenges of Research and Publication

The article begins by discussing the difficulties faced by researchers in Ukraine, particularly the censorship imposed by the Committee for State Security of Ukraine, which made it harder to publish articles on UAP compared to Russia. The author recounts an episode where obtaining permission to publish a report on a mass sighting in Kiev on December 2, 1983, was challenging. Initially, all newspapers refused, but the editor of 'Znamya Kommunizma,' Vadim Anatolyevich Rudnik, bravely broke through the ban. Rudnik is praised as a courageous journalist who later facilitated the publication of the section's materials.

The narrative highlights the shift in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when media outlets became eager to publish sensational stories, but the section's focus remained on serious scientific inquiry.

Key Researchers and Collaborations

The issue lists numerous active scientists who contributed to the study of UAP, including doctors and candidates of sciences from various fields. It details the collaboration between the Ukrainian section and a group of researchers led by the renowned radiophysicist V.S. Troitsky, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and chairman of the Commission 'Search for Cosmic Signals of Artificial Origin.' This collaboration involved scientists from Moscow, Leningrad, and Gorky, fostering a shared approach to studying UAP.

Scientific Meetings and Methodologies

The article describes several key scientific and technical conferences organized by the section. The first Republican conference in Kiev on November 17, 1981, brought together 210 representatives to discuss methodological issues and the characteristics of observed UAP. The conference noted that information about UAP was often received unofficially and with delays, hindering timely data collection. It also observed that data from the Soviet Union were similar to those reported internationally.

A subsequent conference, the II Republican scientific and technical conference in Kiev on November 30, 1982, featured numerous reports on various aspects of UAP research, including the study of manifestation sites, apparatus-based investigations, cataloging phenomena, hypotheses about ball lightning, and the reflection of UAP in geophysical observations.

Soviet-Wide Coordination Efforts

The need for coordinated research to increase statistical reliability and understand the physical nature of UAP led to the development of programs for systematization and analysis. The idea of establishing an international coordination council for UAP research was proposed. The issue emphasizes that UAP were being registered systematically in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, on the Earth's surface, and in near-Earth space, representing a large group of phenomena not yet explained by known physical laws.

The Role of V.B. Migulin and the USSR Academy of Sciences

In response to the decision of the Republican conference, Georgiy Stepanovich Pisarenko sent a resolution to V.B. Migulin of the IZMIRAN USSR. Migulin's reply, received seven months later, indicated that UAP research was being conducted under the directive of official bodies and was not intended to involve a broad public. He suggested that the section's program largely repeated that of the USSR Academy of Sciences and advised against expanding research by involving a large number of additional performers, advocating for more targeted research coordinated with the Academy of Sciences.

Opposition and Overcoming Obstacles

Despite opposition from figures like V.B. Migulin, who believed UAP research should be the exclusive domain of his group, the collaborative effort continued. The article mentions a proposal from Vsevolod Sergeevich Troitsky in February 1982 to coordinate and conduct joint research on UAP, which was accepted by the Ukrainian section.

The II Republican scientific and technical conference in Kiev in November 1982 faced unprecedented interference. Organizers were asked for participant lists, and the conference was initially banned. However, Georgiy Stepanovich Pisarenko's strong stance, including a threat to raise the issue with the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, led to the ban being lifted. The conference proceeded, but the incident left a lasting impression.

Expansion to All-Union Cooperation

By February 28, 1984, an All-Union Coordination Center was established under the Commission on UAP in the Environment of the Committee for Problems of Environmental Protection of the All-Union Council of Scientific and Technical Societies (VSHTO). This move aimed to create a unified approach to UAP research across the Soviet Union, involving numerous scientific societies and institutions. Key figures in this initiative included V.S. Troitsky, G.S. Pisarenko, A.F. Treshnikov, N.A. Zheltukhin, and P.R. Popovich. The establishment of this commission was publicized in major Soviet newspapers.

Further Conferences and Research Directions

The issue details subsequent Republican and All-Union conferences, including the IV Ukrainian scientific and technical conference in May 1986, which covered a wide range of research areas, including radar methods, geophysical and chemical analyses of UAP impact sites, and photo-optical techniques. The conference also included philosophical and historical discussions on UAP, with notable contributions on cosmic aspects of mythology and modern science.

The V Republican scientific and technical conference in December 1988 focused on theoretical, practical, and instrumental research into UAP. The article notes that research continued across various fronts, from collecting eyewitness accounts to developing theoretical frameworks and popularizing the issue in the media.

The Kiev Section's Home Work and Practical Research

Beyond conferences, the Kiev section held regular meetings where various topics were discussed, and reports were presented. Georgiy Stepanovich Pisarenko consistently attended these meetings, offering his insights. The article lists several notable reports presented at these meetings, covering topics such as the Nazca desert lines, Stonehenge, and the problem of paleocontact.

It also highlights the work of N.A. Kozyrev on the physical properties of time, a concept that, despite official skepticism, was explored further by his followers. The section also engaged in practical research, organizing expeditions to sites of UAP observations and conducting instrumental measurements using various devices, including Kirlian photography and biolocation methods.

Specific Case Studies and Findings

The article mentions a specific case study involving the analysis of a UAP sighting on December 2, 1983, over Ukraine. The research, led by A.F. Pugach, involved analyzing 677 letters from eyewitnesses. The study aimed to scientifically demonstrate the inconsistency of eyewitness accounts regarding certain parameters (object shape, size, color, etc.), leading to a conclusion that such accounts might need to be excluded from evidence regarding the phenomenon's nature. However, the author notes an interesting contradiction: while one study found eyewitnesses to be accurate, another suggested they could not be trusted.

Another significant report discussed is the analysis of the 'Robozero phenomenon' from August 15, 1663, which showed remarkable correlation between historical accounts and modern magnetometric measurements.

Conclusion and Future Outlook

By 1991, the landscape of UAP research began to change with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian section lost its material base and faced economic difficulties. Despite a reduction in membership, the section continued its activities. The article concludes by noting the formation of the Ukrainian section into the All-Union Ufological Association in 1990, which continued to serve as a unifying body for ufological organizations.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the persistent efforts to conduct scientific research on UAP despite significant obstacles, the importance of collaboration among researchers across different regions, the role of journalism in disseminating information and overcoming censorship, and the evolution of research methodologies. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for serious, systematic scientific investigation into UAP, emphasizing data collection, analysis, and the pursuit of explanations grounded in scientific principles, while acknowledging the potential for phenomena not yet understood by current science.

This issue of "Parapsychology and Psychophysics" (likely from 1999, based on the conference planning) focuses on the legacy of Georgiy Stepanovich, a prominent ufologist, and explores various research avenues within parapsychology and anomalous phenomena.

The Legacy of Georgiy Stepanovich

The issue begins by commemorating Georgiy Stepanovich, highlighting his dedication to fostering a unified ufological space and his interest in collaboration. Despite a period of illness, he, along with Valeriy Georgievich Pisarenko, planned a significant international scientific-practical conference for 1999 titled "Fundamental physical-technical problems of key technologies of the XXI century." The conference aimed to analyze global scientific achievements and identify future development prospects across various scientific fields. Proposed key areas included energy problems of the 21st century, strategies for space exploration in the 3rd millennium, new transport vehicles with extreme operational characteristics, and the unification of fundamental fields for new energy sources and advanced cosmic communication technologies. The conference received support from B.E. Paton and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NANU), with organizational and program committees formed with international participation. A brochure outlining the conference's main topics was published by NTO RES of Ukraine in 1999. Unfortunately, the conference could not be held due to Georgiy Stepanovich's declining health and eventual passing, and a lack of sponsor response.

Despite the cancellation, the article emphasizes that the conference's themes remain relevant. The author reflects on Georgiy Stepanovich's 10-year effort, stating that while scientific proof of anomalous phenomena (AЯ) was not definitively achieved, his work successfully placed the issue on the agenda of modern science. The author also notes that while new fundamental laws of nature were not discovered, the experience was personally transformative for all involved.

The text concludes with a tribute to Georgiy Stepanovich, describing him as a bright personality and a strong spirit, whose contributions were perhaps not fully appreciated by his country. His passing is seen as a hastening of the end of his era.

Physicist in Parapsychology: Experiments and Reflections by A.G. Parkhomov

This section, authored by A.G. Parkhomov, delves into the author's personal journey into the study of anomalous phenomena. His interest was initially sparked by a 1911 issue of the "Priroda i lyudi" (Nature and People) magazine, which featured articles on "thought-transmitting 'brain rays,'" N-rays, and the work of Professor Bekhterev. Later, L. Vasiliev's book "Mysterious Phenomena of the Human Psyche" further fueled his curiosity.

After graduating from the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute and working with ionizing radiation, Parkhomov found that scientific literature largely ignored anomalous phenomena, with only occasional mentions in popular science journals. Rumors of phenomena like the Kulagina effect and mysterious laboratories kept his interest alive.

Early Experiments (1981-1983)

In 1981, Parkhomov reconnected with Misha Nikolaev, with whom he had previously worked. Nikolaev had been exploring esotericism and developing extrasensory abilities. Together, they decided to combine their efforts and conducted numerous experiments between 1981 and 1983 to test the reality and nature of these phenomena. A significant focus was on studying the "aura" of various objects. In these experiments, objects were placed in identical boxes, and an experimenter would randomly select a box for an "operator" (a person with claimed extrasensory abilities) to describe the object's aura. The results were often striking, with descriptions of objects like a silver coin (described as "brown, heavy, unpleasant, emitting evil") or various metals and radioactive sources yielding distinct aura perceptions. Even inanimate objects like quartz crystals and uranium produced vivid descriptions. Notably, a moldy bread sample produced a strong aura described as "interacting with the human field."

The reproducibility of these results was key; even though they seemed surprising, consistent descriptions for the same objects suggested a genuine phenomenon rather than mere imagination. Experiments with family photographs also yielded impressive results, with the operator accurately identifying deceased individuals and diagnosing ailments in the living.

Experiments with a Kalanchoe plant involved measuring its electrical resistance. The plant exhibited three states: "sleep" (low sensitivity), "awake" (high sensitivity to external stimuli), and "nervous." While direct extrasensory influence on the "sleep" state was not detected, operators could influence the "awake" state by mentally projecting images, such as a red or yellow light, or even the sensation of "ripping the plant from the roots," which caused a significant drop in resistance.

Moving Forward

Parkhomov acknowledges that these early experiments, while convincing him of the reality of these phenomena, were primarily practice. He emphasizes the need to move beyond mere confirmation and towards understanding the underlying mechanisms. He posits that paranormal phenomena are intrinsically linked to information transfer and transformation, and that conventional carriers like electromagnetism or sound are insufficient to explain their characteristics (e.g., distance independence, non-shieldability).

He suggests that research should begin with simpler "gadgets" rather than complex living organisms to understand the essence of paranormal interactions. The shielded microcalorimeter (ЭМК) was chosen as a suitable "gadget" for measuring thermal effects, as it is a simple device that can quantify energy redistribution.

Shielded Microcalorimeters (ЭМК) and "Flicker-Noise"

Experiments with ЭМК, initially conducted in 1982, yielded unexpected and perplexing results. Unlike the smooth, predictable signals from conventional thermal stimuli, extrasensory influences produced abrupt, step-like changes in the signal. Furthermore, the signal often did not return to its baseline but stabilized at a new level or fluctuated between distinct levels. Most strangely, some signals indicated a *decrease* in temperature, suggesting energy *extraction* from the calorimeter. These results persisted even with different calorimeter designs and were not observed with standard thermal stimuli.

The article then discusses the "Flicker-Noise" phenomenon. Since thermistors, used in the ЭМК, are sensitive to minute changes in physical properties, they were considered for detecting extrasensory influences. However, the need for high thermal stabilization made them impractical. Other semiconductor devices like transistors and photodiodes showed no sensitivity. Effects were detected in the dark current of photoresistors, but the article does not elaborate further on this.

Nile Elephant Fish (Nilsky slonik)

In 1981, an article by V.R. Protasov et al. in "Reports of the Academy of Sciences" noted that the Nile elephant fish responds sensitively to external stimuli by altering its electrical impulse frequency. In 1982, Professor G.K. Gurtovoy sought assistance to investigate the fish's potential as a bio-indicator for extrasensory influences. Parkhomov responded, initiating a long-term collaboration and friendship with Gurtovoy.

Experiments were conducted at the Laboratory for Fish Orientation Problems at the Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Animal Ecology. The research aimed to detect extrasensory effects on the fish's electrical impulses. This proved challenging due to the need for complex recording equipment and significant isolation from external electromagnetic, acoustic, and vibratory influences. The process involved lengthy baseline recordings and slow recovery times, limiting experiments to 2-3 per day. The interventions involved operators mentally calming the fish or placing a "second fish" near it. Out of seventeen operators, only eight could reliably alter the fish's impulse patterns. Notably, successful interventions resulted in *rarer* impulses, contrasting with the *acceleration* caused by normal stimuli like light or sound.

While these experiments demonstrated that some individuals could establish extrasensory contact with the fish, the method was deemed too complex for routine research. A side discovery was a lunar-monthly periodicity in the fish's impulse generation, with lower frequencies around the new moon and higher around the full moon, raising questions about how the fish sensed lunar phases even in a basement aquarium.

Furmanny Lane

The 1980s saw a surge of interest in unusual phenomena. The author recalls gatherings of about twenty people to discuss parapsychology, lectures by E.E. Godik, and annual All-Union seminars on biolocation. In 1989, a major conference on "Energoinformational Exchange in Nature" was held.

To organize this activity, a section on bioelectronics was established within the NTO of Radio Engineering, Electronics, and Communications named after Popova. This section primarily focused on networking and organizing seminars and conferences rather than conducting research.

Another significant center was the Laboratory of Bioenergy Problems of the All-Union Council of Scientific and Technical Societies, located in a two-story building on Furmanny Lane. This served as a club for psychics and researchers to meet, share experiences, and conduct experiments. Access was strictly controlled by Yuri Ivanovich and Dina Pavlovna Pyatykhiny. Parkhomov and G.K. Gurtovoy gained access in early 1984, allowing them to interact with notable individuals like A.F. Okhatrin, A.V. Chernetsky, N.N. Sochevanov, A.B. Bogatyrev, and K.N. Nikolaev. K.N. Perebeynos, in particular, impressed Parkhomov with his appearance and accounts of experiments, including "light exposure" on photographic plates. It was later revealed that Perebeynos had conducted complex research in the early 1960s, experimentally proving the mutual influence of rotating bodies at great distances.

Systematic experimental research began at Furmanny Lane in December 1984, involving a group of about ten individuals interested in parapsychology. Weekly meetings included equipment setup, background recording, operator sessions, and lectures and discussions in the conference hall. The experimental setup involved shielded microcalorimeters (ЭМК) or flicker-noise generators as targets, located in a specially prepared room. Signals were recorded by self-recorders in an adjacent room. Over 20 operators participated, including well-known figures like V.V. Avdeev, K.N. Nikolaev, and A.V. Chumak. E.A. Dubitsky, who later participated in "Moscow-Moscow," "Moscow-Sofia," and "Moscow-Novosibirsk" experiments, also worked effectively with the group.

In late 1986, the building housing the bioenergy laboratory was demolished, and the lab was relocated to a less suitable basement space on Nikoloshchepovsky Lane, where it gradually faded. The research group, however, found a new base in a rented basement on Planetnaya Street, supported by NTO RES named after Popova, and continued their work until 1994.

Mysterious Signals

This section explains the principle behind using calorimeters to measure various types of radiation (ultrasound, radio waves, light, ionizing radiation) by detecting the heat generated. A simple signal is observed: a gradual increase in temperature during "on" periods and a return to baseline during "off" periods.

Experiments with shielded microcalorimeters (ЭМК), which began in 1982, yielded results that were initially baffling and seemed erroneous compared to standard calorimetric experiments. The signals were not smooth but appeared as abrupt, step-like changes. After the intervention ceased, the signal often remained at a new level or jumped between levels. Most surprisingly, some signals indicated a *decrease* in temperature, implying energy withdrawal from the calorimeter. These anomalies persisted even when using different calorimeter designs and were not replicated by standard thermal stimuli like an electric heater.

Flicker-Noise

Thermistors, used in the ЭМК, are made of semiconductor materials whose electrical properties change significantly with minor physical variations. Their use for detecting extrasensory influences requires highly stable thermal conditions. The article notes that other semiconductor devices like transistors, diodes, and photodiodes did not show sensitivity to extrasensory influences. However, effects were observed when measuring the dark current of photoresistors.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the intersection of physics and parapsychology, focusing on experimental methodologies to investigate anomalous phenomena. There's a strong emphasis on empirical evidence, reproducibility, and the search for underlying physical principles that could explain psychic abilities and unexplained events. The tone is one of scientific inquiry, acknowledging the challenges and limitations while striving to push the boundaries of conventional understanding. The tribute to Georgiy Stepanovich suggests an editorial stance that values pioneering spirits and the pursuit of knowledge, even in unconventional fields. The recurring theme is the exploration of the unknown, with a particular focus on energy, consciousness, and the potential for future technologies rooted in these investigations.

This issue of "Science and Religion" (Volume 31, Issue 1, dated December 1984) explores the intersection of parapsychology and physics, focusing on the effects of extrasensory influence on electronic devices and investigating phenomena like lunar rhythms and dowsing. The cover headline highlights "Effects of extrasensory influence on photoreceptors and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)," suggesting a primary focus on experiments with these components.

Extrasensory Effects on Electronic Devices

The article details experiments where extrasensory influence was applied to photoreceptors and PMTs. It was found that these effects became noticeable only when high-frequency noise was suppressed, down to 0.1 Hz. Operator-induced influences led to changes in the amplitude and other parameters of fluctuations, recorded by a self-recorder. The predominant low and infralow frequency fluctuations are identified as "flicker noise" (or 1/f noise), contrasting with "white noise" prevalent at high frequencies. Flicker noise is particularly strong in devices with polycrystalline semiconductors, such as photoresistors, thermistors, and PMT photocathodes, as well as in transistors and MOS integrated circuits. Further research confirmed the sensitivity of MOS transistors and integrated circuits to extrasensory influence, leading to their use in experiments alongside electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) shielded objects.

Experiments with MOS devices showed significant (tens of times) increases or decreases in fluctuation amplitudes. These bursts sometimes occurred during the influence and for 5-10 minutes afterward. A more common observation was the appearance of pulsations with periods ranging from seconds to hundreds of seconds against a background of noise-like signals. When multiple devices were used simultaneously, a clear correlation between their responses was not observed.

Figure 2 illustrates effects observed when influencing the flicker noise of an LB201 microcircuit. The upper part shows an increase in fluctuation amplitude during an experiment with operator Drozdova in December 1984, noting sensations of "cold" and "heat." The lower part shows a decrease in noise amplitude during an experiment with operator Avdeev in May 1986, correlating with different states of the operator (contact, calm, excitation). Another recording shows quasi-periodic pulsations.

Understanding Flicker Noise

The author delves into the nature of flicker noise, noting that empirical regularities and complex formulas offer little insight into its essence. Flicker noise-like fluctuations are observed in diverse natural and social phenomena, including solar activity, earthquakes, rockfalls, avalanches, combustion processes, encephalograms, heart rate, population dynamics, epidemics, and social unrest. Even music exhibits a frequency spectrum close to 1/f.

While white noise (like TV static or rain) is familiar, flicker noise is harder to grasp due to the slow nature of the processes involved. To illustrate, the author recorded the flicker noise of a MOS transistor at a very slow tape speed and then played it back at 10,000 times the speed. A week's recording compressed into a minute, with the infralow frequency spectrum shifted into the audible range, produced sounds reminiscent of a crackling bonfire, including wind-blown flames, popping logs, and sizzling water droplets.

The author concludes that different processes can manifest similarly, with the primary difference being speed. This suggests that the essence of flicker noise lies not in specific physical mechanisms but in a more general principle.

Lunar Rhythm and Cosmic Influence

The experiments revealed that the "background" noise intensity fluctuated significantly even without operator influence, prompting a search for underlying patterns. The author constructed "noise generators" and conducted continuous multi-channel recordings. Some semiconductor devices (transistors with p-n junctions, silicon Zener diodes) produced stable noise amplitudes, unlike photoresistors and MOS transistors, which showed intermittent, sharp increases in signal intensity. These bursts appeared random and uncoordinated even in identical, closely placed devices.

Over time, a rhythm with an approximately monthly period became apparent in the probability of these bursts. Further analysis over a year strongly suggested a predominant rhythm corresponding to the synodic lunar month (29.5 days), along with fractional periods (3/2, 3/4, 2/3, 1/3, 1/4 of the lunar month). Ten years of further recordings confirmed this finding. A similar set of rhythms was observed by S.E. Shnol and colleagues in studies of chemical and biochemical reaction rates. However, correlating these noise bursts with the 27-day solar activity rhythm did not yield clear correspondences.

Figure 3 illustrates the distribution of events of sharp increases in infralow frequency noise intensity from various sources (MOS transistors, microcircuits, photoresistors) relative to full moons (П) and new moons (Н). It shows that 66 events occurred within ±1 day of new moons and full moons, compared to only 8 events in the period between them. This strongly links the observed noise fluctuations to lunar phases.

The synodic lunar month rhythm is associated with changes in the Earth's gravitational field due to the Earth-Moon-Sun system. However, the author expresses doubt that "noise generators" directly sense gravitational field changes, as these are very small and gradual. Even if electronic devices could detect such subtle changes, harmonic frequencies (1/2, 1/3, 1/4 of the main period) would be expected. Instead, periods like 3/2, 3/4, and 2/3 were observed, which are commensurate with the main period. Such commensurate relationships are characteristic of orbital and rotational movements in gravitationally bound systems (e.g., Saturn's orbital period relative to Jupiter's).

This led to the hypothesis that invisible, weakly interacting objects in the Earth-Moon-Sun system might be undergoing orbital movements. Those that approach Earth's surface during their perihelion could influence processes in sensitive systems. The inconsistent responses of identical, nearby devices could be explained by the brief time windows during which their sensitivity to external influences is high, and the chance of simultaneous reaction in multiple devices being low.

Hidden Matter

The hypothesis of invisible, weakly interacting objects is supported by astronomical observations, which indicate that at least 90% of the mass in our galaxy and others is composed of this unseen, weakly interacting substance. There is no reason to assume this "dark matter" is absent in near space.

While possibilities like extinct stars or asteroid-like objects are considered, they cannot account for the observed "hidden mass." The most plausible explanation is that dark matter consists primarily of neutrinos or other weakly interacting particles with rest mass. Their slow movement allows them to be integral parts of gravitationally bound systems. It would be an exception if streams of these particles did not exhibit orbital motion around Earth.

At very low energies, neutrino interactions with matter are not as negligible as at "nuclear" energies. Dense streams of these particles could be perceptible. The fact that cosmic rhythms are detected by devices sensitive to extrasensory influence suggests the involvement of "carriers" of cosmic-Earth connections, possibly low-energy, weakly interacting particles like neutrinos. However, current knowledge of these particles is insufficient to explain the selectivity and weak distance dependence of these interactions. It is possible that these particles and extrasensory influences share the ability to easily penetrate shielding, affecting detectors sensitive to both.

Dowsing - A Cosmic Phenomenon

Dowsing, the practice of finding underground water or ore bodies using a divining rod, has been used for centuries. More recently, wire frames or plumb bobs have been used as indicators. The movement of these indicators can provide information about hidden objects and even answers to questions about the past and future, or diagnoses of illnesses.

The author became interested in dowsing and discussed it with Misha Nikolaev, who claimed to be able to perform such tasks without any tools, with even greater informational capacity. The author's own experiments involved using a simple wire frame to find hidden objects, with surprising success, including finding a hidden piece of lead that had been inadvertently placed in a tool bag.

Through participation in seminars and a commission on biolocation, the author developed a physiological explanation for dowsing. It is proposed that the indicator forms a feedback loop with the operator's hand, eye, and subconscious. Maintaining the indicator's position requires precise coordination, and even slight influences affecting any part of this loop are reflected in the indicator's movement. Since the subconscious is part of the loop, processes within it, normally imperceptible, manifest as indicator movements. Dowsing, therefore, is seen as a way to bridge the gap between the conscious and subconscious, facilitating access to extrasensory perception.

Dowsing is considered universal, capable of detecting not only physical fields but also phenomena classified as "psychological" (paradiagnostics, clairvoyance, etc.). The author hypothesizes a physical mechanism for dowsing, specifically for locating hidden objects by an operator moving with an indicator over the object's location.

The Spine as an Antenna

The phenomenology of object detection is described in works by N.N. Sochenov. As an operator with a divining rod approaches the epicenter of a hidden ore body, the path covered per rotation of the rod shortens, reaching a minimum at 0.7-0.8 times the depth of the body. For a 100m deep body, the rod completes one rotation over 6-8 meters of travel at the point of maximum effect.

This empirically established spatial periodicity suggests the agent perceived by the operator has a wave nature. The hypothesis is that the human spine, with its vertebrae spaced approximately 3-4 cm apart, acts as a linear antenna array. This antenna would have a multi-lobed directional pattern. The position of the maxima is determined by the ratio cos φ = λk/d, where φ is the angle between the maximum and the antenna axis, λ is the wavelength, k is an integer (0, 1, 2,...), and d is the distance between vertebrae. For a source at depth h, the maxima are directed towards the source at distances R from the epicenter, given by R = h * sqrt((d²/λ²) - 1)¹/². At infinite distance (k=0), R is infinite. As the antenna approaches the epicenter, maxima corresponding to k=1, 2, 3,... become relevant. The signal intensity increases significantly at distances calculated by the formula. The distance between adjacent burst points has a minimum of 2.59 * sqrt(h/d) at R = 0.71h.

The spine-antenna, including the spinal cord, is proposed to be part of a biofeedback loop, where stimulation leads to changes in the rod's position. It's suggested that for an experienced operator, each signal burst from the spine-antenna corresponds to one rotation of the rod. Using the experimental minimum R of 6-8 m for h=100 m, and assuming d = 35 mm (distance between vertebrae), the wavelength of the perceived agent is calculated to be approximately 0.8-1.1 mm.

Figure 4 shows a calculated dependence of the distance between adjacent signal maxima in the antenna-spine system on the distance to the epicenter, based on the proposed model. The theoretical dependence matches experimental results, supporting the hypothesis.

The question arises: what agent with a wavelength of about 1 mm is perceived? Electromagnetic oscillations and ultrasound have such wavelengths but cannot penetrate thick soil or other screens transparent to dowsing. The only known agent with the required wavelength and high penetration is a stream of ultra-low energy neutrinos from space (de Broglie wavelength of about 1 mm for neutrinos in Earth-Moon system orbits). Neutrinos are the most abundant particles in the universe. At very low energies, they can interact noticeably, unlike high-energy neutrinos. Their interaction with matter is similar to light interacting with a transparent medium: minimal absorption, but refraction at boundaries between media of different densities. This allows for the observation of underground objects illuminated by cosmic streams of ultra-low energy neutrinos.

Living organisms can perceive these particles because their streams generate high-activity ultraviolet and soft X-ray quanta. The flux of ultra-low energy neutrinos is strongly influenced by gravitational fields, leading to variations that include rhythms related to Earth's rotation and the Earth-Moon-Sun positions. The effectiveness of dowsing also varies, exhibiting similar rhythms, further supporting the hypothesis.

Universal Detector of Weak Influences

Returning to Earth, the article explores why flicker noise can produce strong responses to weak influences. Using the analogy of a mountain slope covered in snow, where snow accumulates in stable areas and slides off steep ones, the author illustrates how weak events (like light snowfall) occur frequently, while strong events (like avalanches) are rare. This is likened to the 1/f energy-to-frequency relationship.

Applying an external influence, such as a gunshot, to this snow-covered slope would cause snow to slide off areas near the critical accumulation point. The response to the influence would be a stronger sound than usual, followed by a quieter period as the snow is depleted. A second, immediate influence would not elicit a strong response because the critical levels have not been restored. Only after some time, when new snow has accumulated, would a strong response be possible again.

Comparing a rifle shot to a cannon shot, the rifle would only dislodge snow from steep, smooth slopes, allowing for a quick restoration of critical conditions. A cannon shot, however, would clear the entire slope, requiring a significant time for snow cover to build up again. Repeated influences during this recovery period would yield no response.

This property is characteristic of any system with many elements capable of accumulating and releasing energy after reaching certain thresholds. Examples include geological stresses, electrical charges in clouds, or charge carriers in semiconductors. The external manifestations of such accumulation-discharge processes (earthquakes, thunderstorms, revolutions, low-frequency electrical noise) exhibit flicker noise properties: dependence of effect magnitude on frequency (weak events are frequent, strong ones rare), high sensitivity to external influences after a long period without them, a "aftereffect" where the response duration exceeds the influence duration, followed by a "lull" with reduced fluctuations and sensitivity, and an "inverse" dependence of response strength on repeated influences (stronger influences lead to longer lulls).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the investigation of subtle physical phenomena that challenge conventional scientific understanding. The magazine explores the potential for extrasensory perception to interact with electronic systems, suggesting that these interactions might be mediated by fundamental particles like neutrinos. The concept of "dark matter" is linked to these weak interactions, proposing that it plays a significant role in cosmic and potentially terrestrial phenomena. The article on dowsing frames it not as a mystical art but as a potentially scientifically explainable phenomenon rooted in biofeedback and the detection of subtle energy fields. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these fringe areas of science, seeking empirical evidence and theoretical explanations, even if they diverge from mainstream physics. The emphasis on flicker noise as a universal indicator of weak influences and its connection to natural rhythms suggests a belief in underlying, interconnected principles governing both physical and potentially paranormal events.

This issue of "Секретные материалы" (Secret Materials), Volume 1, Issue 1, dated March-April 1989, delves into various unexplained phenomena, focusing on parapsychology, Ufology, and anomalous events. The magazine presents research findings, experimental results, and theoretical discussions on topics that challenge conventional scientific understanding.

Flicker-Noise and Remote Influence

The issue begins by discussing the properties of flicker-noise and its relation to the systems that generate it. It highlights that the response of these systems can be influenced by their history and external factors, emphasizing the need for isolation from extraneous influences during experiments. The text explains that sufficient time is required for transient processes to subside before recording background noise, and that experimental influences should be brief with adequate intervals to allow for the decay of aftereffects. The most reliable results are obtained with a single exposure.

Experiment Moscow-Novosibirsk

Building on prior experience, more complex experiments were conducted, separating the operator and the object of influence by significant distances. Initially, dozens of experiments were performed within Moscow, with E.A. Dubitsky influencing devices from his apartment or workplace. The research gained interest from Academician V.P. Kaznacheev, leading to a collaboration with the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM) in Novosibirsk. Two identical devices (EMK) were prepared, with one sent to Novosibirsk. From November 13-23, 1988, nine test recordings were made in Novosibirsk while Dubitsky, in Moscow, attempted six remote influences. Five of these attempts corresponded to signal changes significantly exceeding background fluctuations.

This experience led to a more thorough preparation for the main series of experiments in March-April 1989. Employees of IKEM, I.B. Vladimirsky and Yu.M. Fridman, recorded signals from the EMK in Novosibirsk daily, while similar recordings were made in Moscow. E.A. Dubitsky acted as the operator, mentally projecting the EMK and creating vivid images of events that could alter the object's properties. During this period, 8 signals were recorded on days with influence and 9 on days without. A control commission, headed by Professor G.N. Petrova, was established to ensure the integrity of the experiments. Information about influences was sent to the Moscow group, and signal data to the Novosibirsk group, maintaining blind conditions.

Analysis of the results revealed that out of eight influence attempts, six signals were statistically significant. In contrast, only one such signal appeared in nine days of recordings without influence. The probability of this occurring by chance was calculated at 3.10^-5, indicating a statistically reliable connection between the operator's influence in Moscow and the signals recorded in Novosibirsk.

The EMK in Moscow showed no significant differences in signals on days with and without influence, until the operator was informed of its operation just before the last influence. At that point, a clear effect was registered, demonstrating the selectivity and directed nature of psi influence, where only the known object responded.

In the Guest of a Noisy Spirit (Poltergeists)

Poltergeist phenomena are described as impressive events where a "noisy or mischievous spirit" interacts with a person's psyche, causing disturbances like strange sounds, object movement, and even threatening messages. In collaboration with I.V. Mirzalis, investigations were conducted in apartments experiencing poltergeist activity. Sealed multi-channel recorders registered signals from electrical and magnetic field sensors, flicker-noise generators, and temperature sensors. While no significant anomalies in electrical or magnetic fields were found, "noise" sensors detected changes in the rhythm of the fluctuating signal, with pulsations occurring every 2 to 10 minutes during poltergeist events. These pulsations persisted for hours even after the equipment was removed.

Temperature sensor recordings showed sharp changes, often decreases, coinciding with poltergeist events. It was also noted that poltergeist-affected apartments experience a significant increase in electricity consumption, with one case showing a 30-fold increase in average monthly power consumption.

The issue suggests that poltergeist activity is not random but seems to follow a law of energy conservation, drawing energy from the surroundings, lowering temperature, or absorbing it from the electrical grid. The phenomena are often associated with a feeling of cold. The materials involved in poltergeist events, such as water or slime, are often ordinary substances, and stones are common. The phenomena appear to utilize readily available resources and can involve human interaction, particularly with adolescents.

Examples cited include a mysterious note found in an apartment and unexplained phone calls. The article posits that many poltergeist cases might be orchestrated by teenagers seeking attention or even adults creating elaborate hoaxes. However, it distinguishes these from genuine poltergeist activity.

Energy Phenomena and Psi

Comparing energy phenomena in poltergeists with experiments using microcalorimeters, a significant "energy drain" precedes a sharp temperature increase, similar to what occurs in poltergeist events, but on a much larger scale (kilowatts vs. microwatts). The article questions how standard physics can explain the selectivity of psychokinetic influence, its independence from distance, and other strange characteristics.

Anomalies with Clocks

The author recounts an incident where his wristwatch, which showed 9:10 AM, inexplicably displayed 2:30 PM after a short period, having gained 4 hours and 50 minutes. This anomaly occurred the day after visiting a poltergeist-affected apartment. The author dismisses mechanical failure as a cause, as it would typically result in stopping, not accelerating, the watch. He suspects a connection to the poltergeist activity.

Another incident involved watches placed in an anomalous zone near Podrezkovo. After being in the zone for 2 hours, the watches showed a significant lag from accurate time signals, which occurred in steps rather than smoothly. This suggests that exposure to anomalous zones can affect the temporal behavior of objects.

Time and Energy

Referencing the work of N.A. Kozyrev, the article explores the idea that time flow can differ in various systems. The author suggests that the unusual phenomena observed in objects subjected to psychokinetic influence or exposed to anomalous zones might be related to a disruption of the normal flow of time. This could explain the accelerated time in his watch and the stepped changes in signal levels during psychokinetic experiments, where an initial energy release is followed by a sustained level rather than an exponential decay.

The author also mentions the cessation of noise during an experiment with V. Avdeev, attributing it to a "stop in time." He proposes that energy conservation might be better understood as "energy-time" conservation, linking the uniformity of time to energy laws.

Chinese Experiments

The issue briefly mentions experiments by Chinese researchers with an outstanding psychic, Zhang Baoshen, who could make objects disappear and reappear. These experiments involved various objects, including a radio transmitter and watches, which showed a time lag. The author acknowledges the fantastical nature of these results but suggests they point to a need to refine our understanding of time and space.

Conclusion

The article concludes by comparing parapsychological research to conquering mountain peaks, highlighting the immense complexity and challenges involved. Despite years of painstaking work, clear mechanisms for extrasensory interactions remain elusive. The idea of weakly interacting particles with very low energies is proposed as a potential avenue for understanding these phenomena. The author suggests that the influence of extrasensory effects on ongoing processes, rather than initiating new ones, might be a key insight. The research has contributed to understanding flicker-noise and the potential manifestation of "hidden matter" on Earth. The gap between parapsychological findings and current technical civilization's knowledge is acknowledged, with the possibility of exploring phenomena like teleportation to bridge this gap.

Cyborgs with UFOs

This section discusses the controversial "Alien Autopsy" film, which depicted the dissection of a female corpse with apparent signs of hydrocephalus and Turner's syndrome. The commentary from medical professionals was reportedly influenced by the hype surrounding the film. The article notes that the film, despite its fraudulent nature, increased public interest in ufology. It then references secret US government projects ('Granat' and 'Naskok') aimed at studying crash victims and the biology of UFO crews. These projects, involving institutions like the Bettel Institute and the University of Pennsylvania, reportedly produced detailed biological and anatomical profiles of "Grays" (aliens), describing their skin color, texture, and lack of hair.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores phenomena that lie outside the mainstream of scientific understanding, particularly focusing on parapsychology, psi phenomena, and unexplained anomalies. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting experimental data and theoretical speculations without necessarily endorsing them as established fact. There is a clear interest in bridging the gap between these unusual findings and conventional science, even if the path forward is uncertain. The recurring themes include the nature of consciousness, energy, time, and the potential for non-conventional interactions with the environment and other beings.

This issue of "UFO" (page 51) delves into the physical characteristics and potential nature of extraterrestrial beings, specifically focusing on the 'Grays' type, and reports on a significant UFO sighting over Moscow.

Anatomy and Physiology of 'Grays'

The article provides a detailed description of the physical attributes of 'Grays' aliens. Their skin is compared to a durable, elastic synthetic or rubber-like material capable of facilitating biochemical exchange and absorbing/releasing substances. This outer layer allows for moisture permeability and aids in metabolic processes. Internally, the skin is described as a "spacesuit" woven from millions of organic threads, sensitive to external energy influences, possibly serving as an additional protective layer. Specialists studying UFO flight principles believe this structure is an adaptation to the intense electromagnetic fields surrounding UFOs.

The head of a 'Gray' is described as dome-shaped, 1.5-2 times larger than a human's, with a significantly narrowed lower part. The cranial bones are likened to elastic cartilage. The face exhibits some human-like morphology but lacks musculature, making emotional expression impossible. Large black eyes, occupying about a third of the head's surface, are set at a slight angle and extend to the temporal region. These eyes lack irises and pupils, and have no eyelids, which are crucial for human eye protection, cleaning, and lubrication. Eyebrows and eyelashes are also absent. 'Grays' show no signs of auditory organs, and the absence of vocal cords and a tongue is explained by their inability to produce sound. Their mouth is a slit without lips, and they have no teeth or digestive organs. The absence of a digestive tract implies no excretory organs, with metabolic processes likely occurring through the skin.

The skeletal system of 'Grays' consists of strong, flexible, tubular bones, with some joints resembling elastic ligaments, offering protection against trauma. The skin's protective qualities against radiation and microwave radiation are highlighted. The head is supported by a thin, rigid neck, approximately 50-60 mm in diameter. The chest is narrow, lacking a sternum, and expands towards the shoulders. There are no breasts or pectoral muscles. The chest cavity is described as immobile during respiration. The abdomen is flat, and there are no pelvic bones. The chest area lacks ribs, unlike humans. A significant distinction is the absence of external genitalia, indicating a lack of sexual reproduction.

The body's internal structure lacks a spine and shoulder blades, being composed of rigid membranes and flexible tubular elements. The absence of gluteal muscles suggests they are not adapted for sitting. Their arms are thin with a flexible elbow joint offering greater mobility than human joints. The hands have four elongated fingers, which can end in either a rounded thickening or a conical, hardened tip. The legs are disproportionately short with a bent knee joint. The toes are not distinct but form a flexible, leathery fin. Despite their apparent frailty, 'Grays' possess considerable physical strength and dexterity, particularly when manipulating tools during medical examinations or dissecting animals aboard UFOs.

It is asserted that 'Grays' do not ingest food, drink water, or breathe air like mammals. They do not exhibit age-related differences or reproduce sexually. Their communication, both internally and with humans, is telepathic, with messages perceived as direct inner voices. Researchers from the California Medical Center question whether they are living biological beings, suggesting they might be a collective, programmed entity – a functional unit.

Genetic Engineering and UFOs

A report to General Trudo suggests that 'Grays' bodies are likely the result of genetic engineering, designed as bio-robots for specific tasks. Their humanoid form, while sometimes exaggerated, is adapted for human perception. Some UFO pilots reportedly wear suits to enhance this perceived normalcy. Onboard UFOs, camouflage is less common. Biophysicists and genetic engineers propose that UFO pilots, like 'Grays', might form a single information-operational system with the UFO itself. Damage to the UFO's energy-information center could incapacitate the crew, indicating the UFO is more than a vehicle but a command complex for psychophysical control. This unified neurological system, augmented by technical devices, might be the optimal method for exploring planets. The article speculates about the creators of this universal cosmic explorer, suggesting they might be a timeless race that has always been present, sending their ageless cyborgs into space and time. It is also hinted that this race may be using human biomaterial to create a new type of cyborg.

UFO Sighting Over the Kremlin

The issue details a significant UFO event that occurred on December 2, 2001, around 7:00 PM, in the center of Moscow, near the "Rossiya" hotel and the Kremlin. Witnesses, including television workers, observed a giant, neon-glowing object shaped like the letter 'P' in the night sky. The event was captured on video, and a fragment of this recording was shown on the "Inter" TV channel on January 4, 2002, though only for a few seconds.

Sergey Paukov, an independent researcher and writer from Kyiv, Ukraine, was contacted by his uncle, the Ukrainian composer Lev Nikolaevich Kolodub, who is also an amateur ufologist. Kolodub had a copy of the video and was unable to identify the phenomenon. Paukov also contacted Vladimir Georgievich Azhazha, a leading UFO specialist in CIS countries and academician of MAI, who had heard little about this specific event.

The object is described as having a powerful, self-sustaining glow, with red outlines visible even when the TV screen was dimmed. Its estimated size was very large, potentially tens or hundreds of meters in length and width. The phenomenon is considered a real event, not a photomontage, and is believed to be a source of thermal and light radiation. The article notes that determining the exact size is difficult without reference points.

This event is compared to a similar incident observed in Moscow exactly 20 years prior, on May 15, 1981. In that case, a brightly glowing UFO, estimated to be 600 meters in diameter, was observed moving towards Moscow from the direction of Tula. It hovered over Vnukovo airport for about a minute, causing alarm among residents and airport personnel.

Historical and Cultural Context

The article touches upon the historical perception of such phenomena as omens or divine signs. It mentions that the 1981 event was investigated by a special commission led by V.V. Azhazha, which included scientists and cosmonauts. The object was determined to be of "extraterrestrial" origin, with a demonstrative light effect, but its meaning remained a mystery. This finding was later reportedly confirmed by NASA and American space intelligence.

The recent Kremlin sighting is presented as a potential "cosmic greeting" and a good omen for Russian President V.V. Putin, especially before his 50th birthday. The article also notes coincidences, such as Ruslan Ponomarev winning a world chess championship shortly after the event. However, it cautions against excessive superstition, stating that such anomalous phenomena are not uncommon throughout history and should not be feared.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the detailed examination of alien physiology, particularly the 'Grays', and the reporting of significant UFO sightings. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into unexplained aerial phenomena, presenting scientific and anecdotal evidence while acknowledging the vast number of unanswered questions. The article emphasizes that humanity is not alone in the universe, citing the belief of ufologists like V.G. Azhazha. It concludes by posing the question of what modern science will say about these phenomena and hints at the ongoing development of human cyborgs, suggesting a future where the lines between human and machine, and even alien and machine, may blur.