Tonnel - No 09 - 1994

Magazine Overview

Title: ТОННЕЛЬ (TUNNEL)
Issue: 9 (1994)
Publisher: УФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АССОЦИАЦИЯ СНГ (Ufological Association of CIS)
Country: Russia
Language: Russian
Cover Headline: НА НАШЕЙ ЛУНЕ ЕСТЬ КТО-ТО ЕЩЕ (Is there someone else on our Moon?)

This issue of "Tunnel" magazine, issue 9 from 1994, presents a translated excerpt from "Someone Else is on Our Moon" by George Leonard. The magazine focuses on ufology and presents evidence and theories suggesting artificial activity and potential inhabitants on the Moon.

Introduction

The introduction highlights that since the 1950s, scientists and enthusiasts have been intrigued by strange phenomena on the Moon, including lights, eclipses, and appearing/disappearing craters. By the 1960s, there was a growing belief in technological activity. Despite initial reluctance due to tradition and lack of proof, NASA's lunar programs, particularly the Apollo missions, generated thousands of high-quality photographs that revealed "fantastic things." These images led many scientists to observe anomalies and mysterious objects. Joseph Gudavaj's work in analyzing astronaut conversations near and on the Moon, where he identified mentions of artificial objects, is noted, along with NASA's alleged suppression of this information. The text suggests that astronomers pay little attention to the Moon, while amateurs sometimes know more, with many amateur observations being confirmed by NASA photos.

Chapter 1: "Changes are Happening on the Moon - Go and Find Them!"

The author recounts his personal journey into lunar research, starting with a six-inch telescope in 1952 and gaining access to NASA photographs. He describes a specific NASA photo that "screamed" about life on the Moon, suggesting a populated Moon with intelligent races possibly from beyond the Solar System. He notes that traces of their presence are evident everywhere on the Moon's surface, in craters, plains, and hills, and that the Moon's appearance has been altered. This realization, he posits, may have stimulated both American and Soviet lunar programs, not as a competition but as a desperate collaboration. He describes a specific "man-made" object in a photo with leg-like appendages, similar to a centipede, which he believes is evidence of giant machines and devices that rotated the Moon and removed crater rims. He sought out NASA specialists to discuss his findings, mentioning conversations with cosmic space researcher G.F. Foster and geologist Dr. Farouk El-Baz, who suggested the possibility of extraterrestrial creations on the Moon. He also recalls a conversation with Canadian scientist Wilbur Smith, who urged him to think beyond Earthly concepts.

The author then describes an encounter with a researcher named Sam Wittcomb, who initially agrees to meet and discuss lunar phenomena. Wittcomb advises the author to discard conventional thinking about the Moon, describing it as a vacuum-sealed body with extreme temperature variations incapable of supporting life as we know it. However, he concedes that a different, perhaps ancient, form of life might exist, or that "emigrants" from other worlds could be present. Wittcomb suggests that objects and structures on the Moon exhibit a high mathematical level and geometric precision, indicating intelligent design, and that craters are not formed by weather conditions. He references the idea of advanced extraterrestrial races and their potential flaws, contrasting them with human limitations. Wittcomb urges the reader to be open-minded and prepare for a new understanding of the Moon, including the origin of craters and white rays emanating from them, challenging established scientific explanations.

Wittcomb shares his personal observations, including seeing a light emanating from Aristarchus crater for two hours, followed by a similar light from Plato crater. He also points to an object in the center of Aristarchus crater, describing it as artificial. He hints at a broader concept of lunar manipulation, suggesting that Earth's focus on other planets might be a diversion while something significant is happening on the Moon.

Chapter 2: Some Facts About the Moon

This chapter provides basic information about the Moon, including its size, orbit, and distance from Earth (230,000 miles). It discusses the Roche limit and the potential consequences if the Moon were to fall closer to Earth. It also mentions that rockets take about 86 hours to reach the Moon, while light takes less than two seconds, implying that lunar inhabitants might travel much faster. The Moon's diameter is 2160 miles, and its circumference is about 6780 miles. Its mass is 1/81 of Earth's mass, and its diameter is 1/4 of Earth's. The chapter touches upon the Moon's density (0.60 compared to Earth's) and compares its size to other moons in the Solar System, noting that Earth's Moon is unique for its size relative to its planet. It suggests that the Moon might be a binary planet with Earth rather than a true satellite, given its unusual origin and composition, which differs from Earth's.

Surface Nature

"Apollo" missions revealed that the Moon's surface is composed of basalts rich in iron and titanium. The crust consists of various rock types, including feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine. The highlands have more aluminum, while lowlands show radioactivity. The "Apollo-17" astronauts found orange soil and black, red, and orange glass beads in a crater, likely formed by meteorite impacts generating heat that melted silicates into glass. The lunar soil varies in composition across the surface.

Origin of the Moon

The origin of the Moon is presented as a mystery. Older theories suggested it broke off from Earth due to immense forces, but current theories include its formation alongside Earth from dust and matter, or it being a captured asteroid. The significant geological and chemical differences between the Moon and Earth suggest a separate history.

Age of the Moon

While Earth is about 5 billion years old, lunar minerals date between 3.1 and 3.9 billion years, with some possibly being 4.6 billion years old. This suggests the Moon might be older than Earth. Much of the Moon's surface was molten due to volcanic activity around 4.5 billion years ago, erasing early history. Around 4 billion years ago, it was heavily bombarded by asteroids. Volcanic activity largely ceased about 3 billion years ago, but smaller impacts continued. For the last 3 billion years, the Moon has been largely inactive, in a state of "anabiosis."

Atmosphere on the Moon

The Moon has virtually no atmosphere. Shadows are extremely black due to the absence of atmospheric light scattering. Any gases that seep out are insufficient to form a substantial atmosphere.

Gravity and Escape Velocity

Lunar gravity is one-sixth of Earth's, resulting in lower escape velocities for gases and spacecraft. This low escape velocity allows gas molecules to easily overcome the Moon's gravitational pull and escape into space.

Chapter 3: THE MOTOR, HUGE, LIKE BRONX.

This chapter focuses on the Bullialdus crater and seismic disturbances. It describes seismic equipment left by Apollo missions that recorded significant ground tremors. A NASA scientist acknowledged these signals but seemed hesitant to discuss their cause, only mentioning signals from under Lubinetsky E. The author suggests that these tremors might be caused by "millstones" or other large mechanisms. The area between Bullialdus and Lubinetsky E is described as the most fantastic on the Moon, with indications of underground inhabitants and microscopic, engineered objects visible in NASA photos.

The author then discusses a specific photograph (Fig. 2) showing the Bullialdus region, highlighting Lubinetsky A crater and a large, complex gear-like structure nearby. This structure, estimated to be five miles in diameter, appears to be part of a massive, ancient mechanism that was damaged by a cataclysm. The author contrasts this with official explanations, suggesting that NASA attributes such phenomena to volcanic activity or moonquakes, while ignoring evidence of upward movement of "boulders." He proposes that these high seismic readings are likely caused by colossal machines and gears.

He recounts an experiment with small chain gears and motors, concluding that large mechanisms would inevitably cause significant disturbances. The seismic records indicate current activity. Dr. Wittcomb is mentioned as having discussed the possibility of intelligent extraterrestrial constructions on the Moon, with the debate centering on whether these are ancient ruins or evidence of current habitation.

The author then discusses the possibility of gases and long-lasting flares in lunar craters, and the crater where "Ranger-7" landed. He suggests that the Moon might have been intentionally placed in its orbit by an advanced civilization.

The Moon as a Spaceship?

Dr. Wittcomb proposes a theory, shared by an aerospace engineer and a British physicist, that the Moon is a giant spaceship that entered the Solar System millennia ago after a cosmic catastrophe. Its inhabitants are attempting to repair it, and the visible mechanisms are powered by nuclear energy. The theory suggests that these mechanisms will eventually be used to move the Moon out of Earth's orbit back into space. If this is true, the Moon is not "our Moon" but belongs to "them."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes the idea that the Moon is not a dead celestial body but harbors evidence of intelligent, possibly extraterrestrial, activity. It questions official scientific explanations and highlights anomalies in NASA data and photographs. The editorial stance appears to be one of skepticism towards conventional views and an open embrace of alternative theories, including the presence of alien civilizations, ancient astronaut interventions, and the Moon serving as a base or even a giant spaceship. The text encourages readers to question established beliefs and consider the possibility of a hidden lunar reality.

This issue of UFO International, dated 1971, focuses on the potential presence of advanced extraterrestrial technology on the Moon. The magazine presents a series of articles and photographic analyses suggesting that the lunar surface is not a barren, natural satellite but a site of significant engineering activity by non-human intelligences.

Chapter IV: Launching the Moon into Rotation: Supermachines

The chapter begins by challenging conventional views of lunar geology and technology. It references scientists like I.S. Shklovsky and Allen Hynek who proposed artificial origins for celestial bodies or phenomena, and Arthur C. Clarke's speculation about Jupiter's moon. A key argument against the presence of advanced technology on the Moon is the perceived level of technological sophistication required. However, the author posits that modern Earth technology already possesses capabilities that might seem advanced. The chapter introduces the concept of 'supermachines' on the Moon, describing them as colossal devices, miles long, capable of immense tasks like modifying craters. A significant piece of evidence presented is a photograph of an octagonal crater, 31 miles in diameter, on the far side of the Moon, discovered by Lunar Orbiter I on August 26, 1966. The author questions whether such geometric forms can arise naturally, suggesting they are artificial.

The "Octagon"?

This section elaborates on the octagonal craters, noting their unusual geometric precision. It contrasts them with natural formations like snowflakes and crystals, and discusses theories of magma extrusion and collapse, finding them insufficient explanations. The author suggests that if extraterrestrials are 'working' on the Moon, these unusual shapes are a result of their activities.

"Supermachine"

Describing a large object within a crater (Figure 4), the author likens it to a complex, triangular structure, similar to TV towers or cranes, but on a massive scale. This 'supermachine' is depicted with articulated joints and components that suggest a sophisticated engineering design. The scale of such machinery, miles long, is considered achievable with Earth technology but is deemed unnecessary for current terrestrial needs. The author speculates about the purpose of such equipment, suggesting it might be for mining elements like nickel, aluminum, oxygen, or hydrogen, or for processing lunar soil.

"Fleur-de-lis" (Lily Flower)

Another significant observation is a "Fleur-de-lis"-like sculpture found on a lunar rock outcrop, noted for its symmetry. A similar formation was found in another crater. The author suggests that astronauts have observed and oriented themselves by such symbolic and expressive art on the Moon, hinting at a sophisticated extraterrestrial civilization.

Supermachine-1971

This section focuses on a clear image of a mechanical structure on the Moon taken during the Apollo 14 mission. The author believes astronauts saw it from space and then photographed it. The resemblance to a previously discussed 'supermachine' (from 1966) is highlighted, emphasizing that such similarities are fundamental to scientific understanding. This 'super-installation-1971' is described as being on the inner edge of a crater, constructed from filigree metal elements for strength and lightness, and possessing a cable connecting its base to the crater wall. The text notes that similar structures are found elsewhere on the Moon and may be connected to an energy source. The author provides a sketch (Figure 10) of this installation and two others nearby, all made of metallic filigree. These machines are described as having parts that move and cables extending from their bases, creating a straight cut through the crater terrace. The scale is estimated to be approximately 1.5 miles wide and 3 miles high, with excavated soil forming a cone.

"X-drones"

The most numerous type of 'installations' on the Moon are described as 'X-drones,' giant objects resembling two crossed earthworms, varying from one to three miles in length. Unlike the 'supermachines,' they are not metallic and lie flat on the ground. Their function is described as pulverizing rock and moving material. The author notes that these 'X-drones' can change functions and even replace parts. They are observed to be involved in breaking off pieces of crater rims and transporting material. Photographs (Figure 11) show these 'X-drones' in action, with some lifting parts of their 'legs.' The author speculates that the excavated material is used for construction or mining.

Experimental Bucket

An 'experimental bucket' is discussed, possibly explaining the origin of small anomalous craters. The author suggests that later images might reveal more about the 'architecture' of these operations, with more debris being ejected and 'X-drones' moving to other craters.

Removal of Central Rock

An area east of the Sea of Smith on the Moon's far side, near the Zenger crater, shows evidence of mechanical systems at work. A new type of installation, a rigid, T-shaped bucket ('T-bucket'), is described as having moved a large amount of soil. Another 'T-bucket' is seen on the rim of a crater, near a 'Fleur-de-lis' configuration. The author notes that some craters have incomplete circumferences, suggesting they are being systematically worked on.

What Do the Crosses Mean?

Shiny crosses are observed on the outer sides of 'pulverized' craters. These crosses are described as perfectly formed but not Latin or Celtic. They are planted in the ground with one end and rise up, casting a shadow. The author suggests these are not natural but symbolic markers, possibly for navigation or identification of active sites, similar to how landmarks are used in large construction projects on Earth. These crosses are distinct from other types of crosses found on the Moon.

Chapter V: Pulverizer Jets from Craters

Photographs from Apollo 16 reveal technological sophistication on the Moon. Images show jets of material being ejected from craters. One particularly powerful jet is observed rising from a small crater within a larger one. The author notes that some jets appear to have a beginning and an end, and that their presence or absence can be determined by comparing images taken at different times. The author hypothesizes that 'X-drones' are involved in the process of creating these jets, possibly by pulverizing material within the craters.

What Do the Crosses Mean?

This section revisits the crosses, suggesting they are identifying markers for 'X-drones' at work. These crosses are described as shiny and white, placed on the rim of craters where 'X-drones' are active, indicating that material is being extracted. The author also notes that some craters with 'X-drones' have a track leading from outside the crater to the machine, suggesting a connection for power or material transport.

Chapter VI: Lunar Changes - Ridge Removal

The chapter discusses 'mascons,' large masses beneath the lunar surface causing gravitational anomalies. The author then returns to the King Crater, describing it as filled with 'X-drones' approximately two miles long. The process of 'pulverization' is discussed, with the author noting that NASA officially acknowledges jets but not the 'pulverization' process itself. The author's own research involves analyzing photographs, which are often difficult to interpret due to poor quality and incomplete descriptions. The goal is to gather more material to understand the 'design' and 'purpose' of these lunar operations.

Mountain Construction

It is suggested that lunar inhabitants have constructed a mountain 3.6 miles high, using equipment far larger than Earth's. This process is compared to delicately breaking down Mount Everest. The author speculates that laser beams or small directed explosions might be used for this purpose, with 'X-drones' potentially involved in the final stages of processing the material.

"X-drones" with Various Attachments

American engineers are praised, but the author suggests lunar inhabitants possess superior engineering capabilities. The 'X-drones' are described as massive, with some being over 1.5 miles long. The text notes that one 'X-drone' has a detached 'leg' that fits into a socket, implying interchangeable parts for different functions. The 'X-drones' are seen breaking off crater rims and ejecting material, which is speculated to be used for construction within the Moon, mining, or atmospheric formation.

Pipeline with a Mile Diameter

A pipeline, 2-3 miles long, is observed originating from a dark recess. It has dual nozzles and is positioned lower than the surrounding terrain, suggesting gravity-assisted transport. The author infers that 'X-drones' might be used for sifting or processing materials, with the waste being ejected.

Spare Parts Stand

Behind a large 'X-drone,' a platform or stand is observed with symmetrically placed rods, one with a metallic crosshead and another with an unidentified object. These are interpreted as spare parts for the 'X-drones,' suggesting a planned system for maintenance and replacement.

Something Emitting Fibers

An object resembling a large mortar is seen ejecting fibers across a crater. This phenomenon is observed in multiple locations and is speculated to be part of the extraterrestrial activity on the Moon.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the interpretation of lunar surface features as evidence of advanced, non-human technology. The author consistently presents photographic evidence and logical deductions to support the hypothesis of extraterrestrial engineering and construction on the Moon. The editorial stance is one of advocating for a re-evaluation of conventional scientific understanding of the Moon, proposing that many observed phenomena are artificial rather than natural. The magazine emphasizes the scale and sophistication of these alleged alien operations, suggesting a deliberate and ongoing presence on our celestial neighbor.

This issue of "Техника - молодежи" (Tech-Youth) from October 1974, titled "ЛУНА: ЗАГАДКИ И ТАЙНЫ" (Moon: Mysteries and Secrets), delves into the enigmatic aspects of the Moon, presenting a collection of articles that explore unusual phenomena, potential artificial structures, and unexplained observations from lunar missions.

Page 1: Unexplained Objects and Energy

The first page discusses the author's initial disbelief in the Moon's activities, dismissing them as mere 'games.' However, the 'colossal cannon' and other 'devices' suggest a complex, unknown culture. A particular enigma is an object near the King crater, visible in multiple images, described as having two bumps and a hanging wire or rope, possibly connected to a 'super-machine' and regulating energy. The author speculates if this device powers 'X-drones' or maintains the atmosphere. A NASA specialist admits to being puzzled by the Moon's unexplained features, stating that some things are beyond conventional approaches. The possibility of the Moon being inhabited by 'space races' is mentioned, though the scientific community prefers natural explanations. The author suggests that these hypothetical inhabitants might be extracting uranium, titanium, and iron.

Page 2: Lunar Resources and Anomalies

The text continues with a scientist's reaction to the idea of lunar inhabitants, linking it to the composition of lunar basalts rich in iron and titanium, and the high radioactivity in certain areas, particularly concerning uranium and thorium. The author then shifts to Chapter VII, 'Service Station in a Crater?', discussing photographs from the Ranger-7, -8, and -9 missions. A specific image from Ranger-7, initially interpreted as a rock mass, later revealed a distinct detail on a sunlit part of the crater. The dark side of the crater remained mysterious, with only two bright spots visible. A mosaic photograph, assembled from partial scans and a full scan, revealed a large object, approximately 300 feet in diameter, within the crater, identified as a 'rock mass.' However, details visible only in partial scans suggested that Ranger-7's landing site might not have been accidental. The author posits that current technology allows for programming spacecraft to provide shelter and sustain life, implying that Ranger-7's landing could have been intentional for such a purpose.

Page 3: Artificial Structures and Symbols

The discussion on artificial objects continues, with the author analyzing a photograph of a crater (Fig. 34) showing a shimmering object in shadow. This object has rounded contours, a symmetrical 'turret' with three markings resembling bolts or rivets, and emits a mist or vapor. The author questions if any natural rock formation could resemble this. Fog or dust obscures details in the lower quadrant of the crater. Another object, resembling an electric light bulb, is seen near the shimmering object. The author suggests an oval object with a 'X' symbol behind it might be serviced by another object. The 'X' symbol is noted to resemble ancient Semitic and Aramean alphabets, leading to speculation about lunar inhabitants influencing Earth's history and scriptures.

Page 4: Lunar Activity and Intelligent Life

The text explores the possibility of lunar inhabitants and their activities. The author notes that most intellectual activity seems concentrated in craters, with plains lacking similar evidence. While some scientists hypothesize about atmospheric traces creating 'figures,' this is dismissed due to lack of evidence. The author discusses a conversation with Sam Wittcomb, who confirms that some scientists believe an intelligent, non-human race is responsible for lunar phenomena. The purpose of these beings remains speculative, though mining is considered a possibility. The author draws parallels between lunar craters and Earth's large craters, suggesting a destructive element. Wittcomb acknowledges the 'X-shaped' objects as puzzling. The possibility of these objects being entrances to underground dwellings or even 'bathyspheres' is raised, linking to unexplained disappearances of floating vessels.

Page 5: Moving Objects and Lunar Geology

The magazine presents a survey of factors indicating 'intelligent life,' with 'architectural or geometric constructions' and 'signs of transport' receiving the most votes. The author focuses on 'signs of transport' and evidence of movement on the lunar surface. Chapter VIII, 'Moving Objects,' discusses long tracks found on the Moon, identified by NASA as 'boulders.' These tracks, observed from the Apollo-17 mission, vary in length from 0.1 to 2.5 km and are up to 16 meters wide. The author questions how such large 'boulders' could be moved, suggesting that more than 20 people with levers would be needed, and even a bulldozer might struggle. The size and shape of these 'boulders' are described as enormous, comparable to a room, and their movement down a 25-degree slope is deemed improbable without significant force. The article notes that NASA acknowledges the unclear cause of these tracks, and in only eight cases could a 'boulder' be directly linked to a track.

Page 6: Uphill Movement and Unusual Structures

Further analysis of lunar photographs reveals two tracks, 900 and 1200 feet long, attributed to objects that moved uphill. These objects are described as illuminated by the sun, making their details indistinguishable, but they do not resemble the 'boulders.' The author questions the force required to move a 75-foot-diameter rock, especially on a seismically quiet Moon. The article then describes objects with 'two growths connected by a jumper' (Fig. 3.7), suggesting they could be structures, vehicles, or life forms. These objects are described as having symmetrical growths and are arranged in clusters. The author interprets these as possibly artificial, with some resembling 'Christmas trees' due to their long shadows. The article mentions that Russian publications have identified these objects as artificial and even provided a model.

Page 7: Lunar Structures and Life Forms

The author recounts a visit to NASA to inquire about these objects. The possibility of underground communications for structures is considered, to protect them from meteorites. However, the author contrasts this with the characteristics of spacecraft, which would have clearer shapes and leave more distinct tracks. The article discusses theories about lunar life, including the possibility of carbonaceous matter on the surface and the existence of life forms adapted to lunar conditions. The author also examines photographs showing long tracks descending from hills, some appearing to be from objects with two growths. The possibility that these are spacecraft or life forms is explored. The article notes that many objects have two growths and appear to be oriented in the same direction, possibly as sensors. The term 'rolling stone' is used to describe an object with two growths, and the author suggests that these objects are either means of transport or life forms.

Page 8: Engineering Objects and Crater Phenomena

This section introduces a new type of object, described as a 'hand-made object' with three 'struts' on one side and a sharp tip on the other, suggesting an artificial origin. The author speculates it might be a means of transport. The article then discusses a 'flying apparatus that landed in a crater' (Fig. 42), noting a hexagonal crater rim with unusual inclusions. A beam-like structure protrudes from the rim, possibly a horizontal support. The most interesting object is described as bell-shaped with legs, resembling a spacecraft. The author notes the presence of objects with growths and side protrusions, similar to those seen elsewhere. The article revisits the 'boulder' tracks, noting that their weight and size cast doubt on natural explanations like erosion, seismic activity, or meteorite bombardment. The author concludes that these phenomena are only superficially understood.

Page 9: Lunar Rays and Theories

Chapter IX, 'Rays from Craters: The Starting Theory,' addresses the phenomenon of white rays emanating from lunar craters, some extending over 1500 miles. The author states that the origin of these rays is unknown and that theories are 'mysterious.' The properties of these rays are listed: they lack depth and do not cast shadows, they intensify under direct sunlight, they cross the lunar surface without interruption, and sometimes they are interrupted by other craters. Some rays appear to originate tangentially from craters, not directly from the center. Many rays seem to terminate in small white craters. The width of the rays can reach 10 miles, and they appear to be composed of spherical dust particles with the same albedo as white rock fragments. The section on 'Theoretical Optionality on the Origin of Rays' mentions Immanuel Velikovsky and his theory of 'Worlds in Collision,' noting that he considered these rays a mystery. He described them as 'light streaks' or 'rays' up to 10 miles wide, originating from craters, with unknown origins.

Page 10: Explaining Lunar Rays

The article continues to explore explanations for the lunar rays. It suggests that when a crater forms, dust scatters in all directions, and due to the Moon's lower gravity, this dust falls back to the surface, creating a 'trail' in the form of a ray. The merging of Tycho and Copernicus craters is mentioned. The rays are described as white and extending a significant distance. Fred Whipple's theory, which aligns with conventional explanations but contradicts astronaut observations, suggests that the rays from craters like Tycho cannot be explained solely by a white dust layer. Ranger-7 images confirmed Cooper's telescopic observations that the rays are broken and rocky. The article questions whether the white rocks could cover the surface and remain white for a long time before being covered by dust. It notes that while some astronomers admit ignorance, many prefer a simpler explanation: meteorites or volcanic activity. The author then presents a counter-argument, stating that meteorite impacts should create rays around the entire perimeter of a crater, yet some craters have very limited ray systems. A slanted meteorite impact would not create rays, only a flight path. The author illustrates several ray systems around craters, noting they are characteristic of all sizes. The article also mentions that overlapping ray systems are not typically found in books, but they are visible even when systems from Copernicus, Kepler, and Aristarchus craters intersect. The author points out that rays do not always originate from the center of a crater but from a tangential point. Some rays are described as 'feathered' and radial to Copernicus, with their bases near the crater. The article suggests that a small crater might be the source of these rays. The author proposes a new explanation for crater rays, suggesting that the Moon is inhabited by intelligent beings who leave traces of their activities. The article concludes by stating that the Moon was likely inhabited long ago, and the question remains how these beings moved around.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the unexplained phenomena on the Moon, challenging conventional scientific explanations. The magazine presents evidence from various sources, including NASA photographs and reports, to suggest the presence of artificial objects, unknown energy sources, and mysterious rays. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, encouraging readers to consider possibilities beyond established scientific paradigms, particularly the idea of intelligent, possibly extraterrestrial, activity on the Moon. There's a clear emphasis on questioning official explanations and exploring speculative theories, often drawing parallels between lunar observations and science fiction concepts.

This issue of UFO International, dated January 1973, is dedicated to exploring the controversial idea that the Moon is not a dead celestial body but rather a site of active, intelligent, extraterrestrial activity. The cover headline, "The Moon is Not Dead!", sets the tone for an in-depth investigation that challenges conventional scientific explanations for lunar phenomena.

The Mystery of Lunar Rays

The issue begins by addressing the enigmatic 'rays' observed on the Moon. The author dismisses natural explanations and proposes that these are formed by white lunar dust shed from flying objects. These objects, described as potentially alien spacecraft, are said to land in craters, pick up dust, and then release it as they fly, creating the visible ray patterns. The size of these objects is suggested to range from smaller than a football field to a mile in diameter. The author references a NASA report on the Apollo-12 mission, which describes the lunar soil as loose and powdery, easily adhering to surfaces.

Tycho Crater: A Hub of Activity?

A significant portion of the magazine focuses on Tycho Crater, described as one of the largest and most mysterious on the Moon. The author recounts an exercise where children were asked to imagine they were scientists and describe what they saw in photographs of Tycho Crater. Their descriptions included unusual geometric shapes, hieroglyphic symbols, large objects resembling spacecraft, and structures that suggested intelligent design. NASA's response was a polite acknowledgment of their interest, but no further explanation.

The article details specific findings from the children's analysis of Tycho Crater, including an octagonal shape with symbols, artificial-looking sections, and objects resembling panels for energy accumulation. The presence of "feather-like" rays and connecting bands is also discussed, along with white streaks that cross lunar terrain.

Gas Emissions and Lunar Activity

Chapter XI, "Gas Jets on the Moon," explores the phenomenon of atmospheric distortions and "mists" observed on the lunar surface. While astronomers attribute these to natural causes like ice melting or volcanic activity, the author argues they are evidence of deliberate gas emissions from industrial or technological processes. Three specific locations are identified where gas emissions are strongly suspected. The article also notes unusual "breathing" activity in a seven-mile square area near Tycho Crater, characterized by structures that stand out starkly from the surrounding landscape.

Signs of Repair on the Moon

Chapter XII, "Signs of Repair on the Moon," posits that the Moon shows evidence of significant destruction, but also of repair. The author draws parallels with unusual orbital patterns of Jupiter's moons, suggesting they might be artificial. He introduces the idea of "great tailors" on the Moon, implying a civilization that survived destruction and is actively repairing the lunar surface. Photographs are presented that allegedly show "fasteners" or "stitches" in the lunar crust, particularly in the vicinity of the Bullialdus-Lubinetzky craters, suggesting ongoing maintenance.

Lights, Flashes, and Anomalies

Chapters XIII and XIV delve into the numerous reports of lights, flashes, and other anomalous phenomena observed on the Moon. These include bright flashes seen by astronauts, glowing orbs, and colored lights within craters. The magazine dismisses explanations like meteor collisions or cosmic rays, arguing that the duration, location, and nature of these lights point to intelligent activity. The author suggests that these lights are a logical result of lunar inhabitants' activities, such as construction, mining, or even recreation.

Interpreting Lunar Phenomena (LTPS)

Chapter XIII, "If these are not dust clouds and fogs, then what are they?", discusses Lunar Transient Phenomena (LTPs). The author challenges the scientific consensus that these are natural events. He presents six theories for the cause of LTPs, including tidal effects, solar particle acceleration, and artificial creation by energy-based life forms. The magazine criticizes the prevailing scientific explanations, finding them inadequate to account for the observed phenomena.

Ground Markings and High Signals

Chapter XV, "Ground Markings, Distinctive Signs and High Signals," examines unusual markings on the lunar surface. These include geometric patterns, hieroglyphs resembling letters, and "bull-dozed" areas around craters. The author suggests these are not natural erosional features but rather evidence of intelligent activity, possibly related to mining operations or territorial markers. The presence of these markings, along with the lights and structures, reinforces the idea of an active, intelligent presence on the Moon.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

Throughout the issue, the recurring theme is the assertion that the Moon is not a dead world but a place of ongoing, intelligent activity, likely by extraterrestrial beings. The magazine consistently questions official NASA explanations, suggesting they are either incomplete or deliberately misleading. The editorial stance is one of skepticism towards conventional science and an open embrace of the possibility of alien presence and technological advancement on the Moon. The author frequently uses anecdotal evidence, astronaut reports, and photographic analysis to support his claims, often drawing parallels between lunar phenomena and potential extraterrestrial engineering or habitation.

This issue of UFO Universe, dated 1977, focuses on the potential presence of artificial structures and anomalies on the Moon, challenging conventional understanding of its natural formation. The magazine presents a collection of observations, photographs, and theories from various researchers and space missions, suggesting that the Moon may have been inhabited or utilized by extraterrestrial civilizations.

Artificial Structures and Anomalies on the Lunar Surface

The issue details numerous findings that deviate from natural geological processes. The article "Artificial Structures on the Lunar Surface" describes observations of formations with precise shapes, parallel tracks, and what appear to be constructed walls and arches. It highlights the "dome" on a platform in an architecturally designed area, suggesting a sophisticated level of construction. The presence of "ribbed markings" on what seems to be a covering material, possibly for protection against solar radiation and meteorites, is also discussed.

Geometric Patterns and Symbols

Several sections focus on geometric patterns and symbols found on the Moon. The text mentions "perfectly shaped" craters with formations resembling letters like 'E' and 'F', and even more complex arrangements like those found in Plato and Gassendi craters. The interior of Copernicus crater is described as having a "construction" resembling ancient terrestrial structures, with a "magnificent message" on its side. The author notes collecting symbols similar to various alphabets, including ancient Sanskrit and Semitic scripts, and the recurring "tree of life" symbol found within circles or ovals, suggesting a possible connection to ancient Earth civilizations or a deliberate marking by lunar inhabitants.

Towers and Signals

A significant portion is dedicated to "Towers, Rising High into the Sky," describing thin, straight towers on crater rims and mountains as indicators of intelligent presence. These structures are noted for their height, often exceeding Earth's tallest buildings, and their material being distinct from the surrounding lunar landscape. The article also discusses the possibility of these towers being used for communication, given the Moon's lack of an atmosphere that could facilitate radio wave propagation. The concept of "beacons, signals, and communication problems" is explored, with towers potentially aiding in the transmission of electromagnetic waves, and round objects possibly serving as receivers.

"Giant Ladder" and Other Peculiarities

The "Giant Ladder or Footsteps of a Giant Means of Transport" section describes a formation on the far side of the Moon, observed by the Apollo 8 mission, resembling a ladder or tracks of a large vehicle. The author speculates about its origin, considering it could be a natural phenomenon or evidence of intelligent activity. Other anomalies include "strange skyscrapers" with 'S'-shaped configurations and zigzagging towers, as well as the "King Crater," described as the most anomalous location on the Moon, featuring a wave-like formation.

"Two Wagon Wheels, Half-Submerged in Sand"

This section discusses circular formations within craters, particularly near Fra Mauro, that resemble servo mechanisms or regulatory devices. These black circles on crater rims are speculated to be openings for underground chambers, possibly with control devices to maintain atmospheric pressure.

Other Technical Devices and "Black Diamonds"

The magazine presents "Other Technical Devices in Craters," including mechanical objects found in dark surfaces near domes and metallic items intersecting craters. The "Black Diamonds - These Are Pipes" section describes crater-like openings with precise, engineered shapes, suggesting artificial origins. These openings are described as having diamond-shaped inner apertures and being arranged with precise regularity.

"Construction on the Lunar Surface"

Astronauts' observations of lunar structures are discussed, with codenames like "Barbara" and "Annabel" used for anomalies. The text mentions perfectly shaped peaks, parallel tracks, and walls with arches. The "Alps Valley" is highlighted as a "Disneyland of the Moon," featuring numerous sculpted platforms and domes, suggesting a highly aesthetic and artistic extraterrestrial civilization.

"Cisterns-Storage Tanks (or Waste Disposal?)"

This part speculates on the function of certain lunar formations, likening them to "syringes" used for collecting water or waste. The presence of "breathing" circular areas with a "nipple-like" tube extending into a crater is noted, suggesting a process of loading or unloading materials.

"Pipelines and Sparkling Domes"

The issue describes "pipelines" in the form of T-shaped structures found in small craters, suggesting a form of sewage or atmospheric distribution system. The "Alps Valley" is revisited, with "domes on platforms" located near mountain ranges and craters, potentially serving as observation posts or dwellings.

Chapter XVII: What If the Moon Is Not the Moon?

This chapter explores alternative theories about the Moon's origin and nature. It questions whether the Moon is a natural satellite or something else entirely, citing its orbital characteristics and composition. The concept of "Lagrange points" is introduced, suggesting these stable points in space could be used for bases or as collection sites for debris. The author discusses Isaac Asimov's idea of using these points for disposing of radioactive waste.

Chapter XVIII: Generalization: Some Hypotheses

This concluding chapter synthesizes the presented evidence and offers hypotheses about lunar inhabitants. It suggests that multiple extraterrestrial races may inhabit the Moon, given the diversity of observed technologies and structures. The author posits that the presence of geometric shapes, straight lines, and artificial constructions are indicators of intelligence. The chapter also touches upon historical attempts by scientists to detect extraterrestrial intelligence and the challenges in interpreting data from lunar missions. It concludes by suggesting that the Moon may be inhabited by various civilizations, and that a more systematic study of lunar data could reveal further evidence.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the persistent questioning of the Moon's natural origin and the strong suggestion of artificial structures and intelligent activity. The editorial stance is one of open inquiry, presenting evidence and theories that challenge conventional scientific explanations, encouraging readers to consider the possibility of extraterrestrial presence and advanced civilizations on the Moon. The magazine emphasizes the need for further investigation and analysis of lunar data, moving beyond established paradigms.

This issue of UFO magazine, Volume 1, Issue 1, published in 1994, delves into nine distinct hypotheses concerning extraterrestrial presence and activity related to the Moon and Earth. The content explores various theories, ranging from the Moon serving as a base for multiple alien civilizations to its potential role in ancient astronaut narratives and genetic experiments.

Hypothesis 1: The Moon as a Transit Base

The first hypothesis suggests that extraterrestrial races from multiple planets use the Moon as an intermediate base. Evidence cited includes observations of 'X-drones' and complex architectural structures, particularly in cratered areas and valleys, with high towers and landing platforms. The author notes a variety of craft, including a 15-foot metallic disk exhibiting electromagnetic effects and a less defined, ethereal ball that changes shape. The conclusion is that the Moon is a hub for spacefaring civilizations, with different races potentially occupying it at different times.

Hypothesis 2: Lunar Mining Operations

This hypothesis posits that a primary mission of lunar inhabitants is the extraction of rare metals and elements from the Moon's crust. The article references scientific findings indicating the presence of iron, nickel, aluminum, titanium, and thorium in quantities sufficient for profitable extraction. It suggests that advanced extraterrestrial civilizations might be engaged in large-scale mining operations, potentially due to resource depletion on their home planets. The author speculates that Earth's resources may also become insufficient for its population by the end of the century, necessitating off-world resource acquisition.

Hypothesis 3: The Moon as a Repaired Catastrophe Victim

This theory proposes that the Moon suffered a catastrophic event in the distant past and was 'driven' into its current orbit by inhabitants for extensive repair and maintenance. While acknowledged as speculative, it aligns with the Moon's unusual characteristics that puzzle scientists. The article mentions three main hypotheses for the Moon's origin (ejected from Earth, formed from gas-saturated dust, or captured by Earth) and notes that the Moon appears to be a constructed object, like a framework or grid. A past incident where an object impacted the Moon, causing it to vibrate for an hour, is cited as evidence.

Hypothesis 4: Genetic Experimentation and Human Origins

This hypothesis suggests that lunar inhabitants are involved in a long-term experiment to reproduce and potentially improve the human species through genetic manipulation, cross-breeding with primates, or periodic 'infusions' to prevent mental regression. It draws parallels to ancient astronaut theories and biblical accounts of divine beings interacting with humans. The author references writers like Lorenzen and Von Däniken, suggesting that extraterrestrials might be conducting experiments to ensure the continuation or enhancement of human genetic lines, explaining the recurring theme of gods arriving in spacecraft in various cultures.

Hypothesis 5: Lunar Parasitism on Earth

This theory posits that, despite their independence, lunar inhabitants are to some extent parasitic on Earth. It claims that the Moon is barren, and essential resources like fertilizers and water are taken from Earth. The article mentions documented cases of cattle theft and water siphoning from Canadian lakes by small humanoids. It also references theories about extraterrestrials freezing and transporting water from high altitudes, potentially explaining ice falls on Earth. The author questions whether these beings consume Earth's food or rely on other creatures.

Hypothesis 6: Unifying Extraterrestrial Narratives

This hypothesis aims to find a unifying theme among various accounts of extraterrestrial events within the solar system and beyond. The author highlights the connections between prominent researchers like Valle, Heineken, Lorenzen, and Aine Michel regarding UFOs. It acknowledges that while some theories might not be entirely original, they point towards a shared understanding of extraterrestrial involvement.

Hypothesis 7: Multiple Alien Races Studying Humanity

This hypothesis suggests that not one, but several alien races are studying humans and our lives on Earth. While acknowledging a general sense of 'loyalty' or non-aggression, the author notes that these races possess the capability to easily destroy humanity if they wished, which may explain the panic among military forces. Apart from isolated incidents like the Bermuda Triangle disappearances, there is no substantial evidence of malicious intent. The article likens the interaction to humans observing chickens in a coop, showing occasional interest but rarely friendliness.

Hypothesis 8: Advanced Biological and Mechanical Evolution

This theory proposes that lunar inhabitants have achieved a high level of technological advancement through biological intelligence, possibly involving the transformation of their bodies into mechanical forms while retaining their consciousness. This would grant them increased lifespan, efficiency, and capabilities, including manipulation of time, space, and dimensions. The author suggests that civilizations with millions of years of technological development could reach a state of 'scientific perfection,' and that the beings encountered via UFOs may resemble robots.

Hypothesis 9: Secret Lunar Presence and US Programs

This hypothesis suggests that the expensive US programs for studying the Moon and Mars are aimed at officially confirming the presence of intelligent lunar inhabitants whose mission does not involve dialogue with humans and may even be hostile to human development. The lack of knowledge about their intentions leads to secrecy surrounding the truth about the Moon. The article points out that despite the vast amount of data collected from satellite materials, only a small fraction has been studied and published. However, the discovered traces of structures, mining operations, and mechanical facilities indicate that these beings live and work on the Moon, operating 'under our noses.' The author calls for a joint effort between American and Russian research and emphasizes that the Moon is, in large part, 'THEIR Moon.'

Conclusion and Further Research

The issue concludes by apologizing for the lack of photographic materials and encourages readers to conduct their own internet searches, providing several links as examples. The electronic version of this issue was prepared by Tatyana Makarova.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout this issue revolve around the potential presence and activities of extraterrestrial civilizations on the Moon and their interaction with Earth. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting multiple hypotheses without definitively endorsing any single one, encouraging readers to consider various possibilities based on available evidence and speculation. The underlying message is that humanity may not be alone and that significant, possibly hidden, interactions are occurring in our solar system.