Tonnel - No 01 - 1991

Magazine Overview

This document is the first issue of "Тоннель" (TUNNEL), a collection of scientific papers published in 1991 by the "Soyuzufo-center" (All-Union Ufological Association / All-Union Interdisciplinary Ufological Scientific-Coordinating Center). It is presented as a publication for UFO phenomenon researchers, aiming to broaden their scientific horizons.

Key Articles and Themes

The issue opens with a "Foreword" dated April 10, 1991, marking the official registration of the All-Union Ufological Association, signifying official recognition for the scientific study of UFO phenomena. The foreword emphasizes the need for new ideas to understand the nature of UFOs, which do not fit within current scientific understanding of the universe.

"The Problem of Possible Worlds in Modern Cosmology" by A.M. Mostepanenko

This article addresses the "problem of the determination of existence": why our physical world, with its unexplained fundamental properties, has been realized. It discusses the topological and ordinal properties of spacetime, the adherence to second-order differential equations for physical processes, and the specific numerical values of fundamental physical constants. The author notes that these properties, while not yet theoretically explained, are remarkably conducive to the formation of life and intelligence in the universe. The article introduces the "anthropological principle" in cosmology, formulated by B. Carter, which suggests that our universe's properties are fine-tuned for life. Two versions are presented: a "weak" principle (our position is compatible with our existence) and a "strong" principle (the universe must allow for an observer to arise). Mostepanenko argues that the anthropological principle doesn't solve the teleological problem but sharpens it. He proposes the concept of an "ensemble of worlds" as a way to address this, suggesting our universe is just one among many with potentially different laws and constants. The author critiques the idea that other universes are unknowable and questions why only constants and initial conditions would vary, not laws themselves.

The article further explores the teleological problem, suggesting it arises from absolutizing certain properties of our world (like its three-dimensionality). It posits that the diversity of properties across different worlds allows for explaining their origins. The concept of "logically possible worlds," developed by Leibniz and later by Carnap, is discussed as a framework for understanding multiple universes. These worlds are defined by maximal consistent sets of propositions. The author advocates for a materialistic interpretation of this concept, viewing our universe as one realized possibility among many.

Several hypotheses for the existence of multiple universes are presented:
1. Everett-de Witt interpretation of quantum mechanics: Suggests the universe branches into countless copies with each wave function reduction.
2. Multiple solutions to Einstein's law of gravitation: Implies that different cosmological models might be realized under varying physical conditions.
3. Cosmological singularities: Suggests that the existence of singularities points to a qualitative transformation and potential exit from our cosmological system into other spatial dimensions.
4. Rotating and charged black holes: Solutions suggest the possibility of obtaining information from and even penetrating "other" universes near the Schwarzschild sphere.
5. Inflationary model of the universe (Guth and Linde): Proposes that the universe underwent rapid expansion, with "bubbles" or "domains" of phase with broken symmetry potentially spawning entire universes.
6. John Wheeler's concept of "pre-geometry": Suggests that at a fundamental level, nature is a chaotic source of forms and structures, with physical laws and constants selected through a process akin to biological evolution.

The article also touches upon the idea of an "anti-matter" universe and the challenges of observing or connecting with other universes due to their potentially vastly different physical characteristics. It suggests that connections might occur locally under extreme physical conditions, such as near singularities.

"Processes in Plasma Systems Associated with Electric Charge Separation" by A.V. Chernetsky

This article, submitted by A.V. Chernetsky shortly before his death, discusses phenomena related to charge separation in plasma systems, particularly the "self-generating" (SG) discharge. This discharge is characterized by self-sustaining oscillations when electrons become magnetized by their own current's magnetic fields. The process leads to charge separation, with electrons shifting towards the discharge axis while ions do not. An unusual effect observed was overvoltage and reversal of polarity at the electrodes, with the energy output from the load exceeding the input energy. This is interpreted as an effect of converting vacuum energy into electrical energy. The article also mentions related phenomena like electromagnetic wave emission with a longitudinal component, which can structure or de-structure various substances. The author suggests that processes in plasma systems, linked to charge separation, have parallels in living nature, demonstrated through modeling bioenergetic processes using an SG discharge generator.

The SG discharge is described as involving a radial electric field component and electron drift in crossed electric and magnetic fields, increasing the current density component along the discharge axis. This creates a positive feedback loop leading to oscillatory instability in the plasma. The oscillations can be harmonic and are driven by either an external circuit or the plasma's natural frequency, with the magnetic pressure playing a role rather than gas-dynamic pressure.

Other Contributions

The issue also includes a contribution from biologist S.T. Leshkov, who proposes a hypothesis for the evolution of the Solar System based on the dialectical law of the unity of opposites. He suggests that terrestrial planets formed through expansion and giant planets through contraction. Life, according to Leshkov, is based on nucleic acids and proteins, with carbon as a base and silicon for liquid crystals, positing life's possibility on the 3rd and 8th planets.

M.D. Antonov's article addresses anomalous phenomena on the solar and lunar disks, explaining them through calculations related to Uranus's position when it crosses the line between the Sun and the star Beta in the constellation Virgo. These findings are said to align with V.F. Feike's hypothesis.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The collection "Тоннель" aims to present research on UFO phenomena from a scientific perspective, integrating ideas from physics, cosmology, and philosophy. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into unexplained phenomena, seeking rigorous scientific explanations while acknowledging the limitations of current scientific paradigms. There is a clear emphasis on exploring unconventional theories, such as the existence of multiple universes and the potential of vacuum energy, and connecting them to broader philosophical questions about existence and reality. The publication encourages further research and submissions from the scientific community.

This issue of the magazine, titled "Энергия вакуума" (Vacuum Energy), published in 1990 by Энергоатомиздат, explores the theoretical and potential practical implications of vacuum energy. The cover prominently features the title and a diagram related to electromagnetic fields. The issue delves into complex physics concepts, including plasma physics, quantum electrodynamics, and the nature of the physical vacuum.

Plasma Physics and SG Discharge

The articles begin by examining the properties of plasma, particularly in the context of an SG (self-generating) discharge. Equations are presented to describe the electrical and magnetic properties of plasma, including its active conductivity, which is noted as being negative, facilitating the excitation and maintenance of oscillations. The frequency of these oscillations is determined by circuit parameters and the duration of the impulse. The unique characteristic of SG discharge is highlighted, where the current flows in the opposite direction to the electric field component, a phenomenon attributed to the interaction with the physical vacuum.

Experiments with SG discharges are described, involving various circuit configurations and parameters such as voltage, working bodies, and pressure. High currents, reaching hundreds and thousands of amperes, were achieved. The SG discharge was implemented in a metal-ceramic variant, functioning as a resonator, and also utilized as a plasma accelerator due to its electrodeless nature, high resource, and efficient energy conversion.

Plasma-Vacuum Effect

A significant discovery discussed is the "plasma-vacuum effect," where additional energy is generated beyond that supplied by the power source. This is attributed to the interaction of plasma with the physical vacuum. The inverse direction of the current density vector relative to the electric field vector in SG discharge is presented as evidence. Oscillograms show a voltage surge during discharge breakdown, indicating that electrodes are being recharged and electrons are moving at increased speeds towards the anode.

This effect is explained through quantum electrodynamics, where the polarization of the physical vacuum occurs due to the separation of electric charges in plasma. Virtual pairs in the vacuum orient and move directionally, with electrons moving away from the axis and positrons towards it. The boundary surfaces of the plasma layer play a role, with the outer surface being limited by ions and the inner surface formed by electrons interacting with virtual positrons. The acceleration of plasma electrons is linked to the positive charge of virtual positrons, which is theorized to be greater than the electron charge due to relativistic effects and charge equivalence, as developed by V.I. Dokuchaev.

This phenomenon can lead to energy output significantly exceeding input, suggesting vast potential for energy development, with vacuum energy being equated to cosmic energy.

Virtual Dipoles and the Physical Vacuum

The concept of "virtual dipoles" is introduced as a key to understanding various phenomena. It is proposed that the energy of the Sun and other stars originates from the physical vacuum. The interaction of human fields and SG discharge generators with living and non-living structures is noted as being identical, suggesting a link between human biofields and vacuum energy.

Experiments with quartz generators and resistors show changes in their properties when influenced by human fields or SG discharge, indicating that the structure of space can be altered. The concept of negative energy, corresponding to the physical vacuum, is presented via Dirac's theory. When virtual pairs in the vacuum transfer energy to real electrons, they form virtual dipoles with negative energy, leading to a shift in energy levels.

This phenomenon is proposed to explain many unexplained phenomena, including the concept of displacement currents in electromagnetic waves and the principle of locality. The idea of virtual dipoles also offers a new perspective on the second law of thermodynamics, suggesting that while entropy increases in the material world, virtual dipoles form structures that might maintain equilibrium.

Nucleons and Vacuum Structure

Nucleons are described as having "bare" cores surrounded by virtual pi-mesons. The interaction of these virtual dipoles with nucleons, particularly when their spheres of influence overlap, can lead to forces of attraction. However, at closer distances, exchange forces involving virtual pions cause repulsion. This interplay creates a potential well where nucleons exist in stable equilibrium.

The interaction of material bodies with a polarized vacuum is suggested to explain inertia and relativistic mass increase. Inertia is described as a manifestation of the "viscosity of the ether," where a more condensed layer of virtual dipoles creates a stronger electric field, leading to resistance against motion.

Electromagnetic Waves and Longitudinal Components

The issue discusses electromagnetic waves with a longitudinal electric field component. These waves, arising from the pulsation of unipolar charges, can structure and de-structure the physical vacuum. The interaction of human fields and SG discharge fields with living structures is shown to influence plant growth, biomass yield, and the permeability of cell membranes.

Clairvoyance and Information Fields

The phenomenon of clairvoyance is linked to an "information-energy field" around the Earth, created by the pulsation of charges in biological energy centers. This field is proposed to contain information about living beings, leading to a holographic effect where information about the whole can be perceived from a part. Studies involving psychics are cited, showing high accuracy in obtaining information about individuals.

"Fuel-less" Engines and UFOs

The concept of "fuel-less" engines, developed independently by V.I. Dokuchaev and V.P. Glushko, is presented. These engines are theorized to work by interacting with the physical vacuum. A rectangular loop carrying alternating current is described, where the loop moves in a direction opposite to the open end, with the displacement current closing the circuit. This movement is explained by the interaction of conduction currents with displacement currents, mediated by virtual dipoles.

The orientation of virtual dipoles in magnetic fields is also proposed to explain the propagation of electromagnetic waves and phenomena like the Lorentz force and electromagnetic induction. The polarization of the vacuum by virtual dipoles when a conductor crosses magnetic field lines is suggested.

Magnetic Gradient Converter and Energy Generation

A magnetic gradient converter is described, which functions as a direct converter of thermal, light, and other energy into electrical energy, potentially operating as a perpetual motion machine of the second kind. The decrease in entropy within such a closed system is noted.

SG discharge is compared to a system where plasma is slowed down in a transverse magnetic field, creating a magnetohydrodynamic generator. This system exhibits oscillatory instability and electron/ion separation, leading to the conversion of kinetic energy into electromagnetic radiation. High energy output, up to thousands of joules, was observed, with frequencies ranging from infrared to ultraviolet.

Conclusion and Future Prospects

The issue concludes by emphasizing the significant role of plasma processes and their connection to the physical vacuum. It suggests that plasma is the fundamental state of matter and that its interaction with the vacuum can influence the structure of both. The development of vacuum energy-based energetics is presented as a promising field that could solve global energy problems and provide an ecologically clean, unlimited energy resource.

The author also touches upon the importance of studying bioenergetic processes for health and the need to embrace new scientific ideas, even those that contradict current paradigms. The phenomena of UFOs are linked to alternative energy sources and the principles discussed in the issue. The ability to mentally create a phantom of a person and measure it suggests the possibility of structuring space and forming an "energetic double," hinting at the existence of other realities.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout the issue are the fundamental nature of the physical vacuum, its potential as an energy source, and its interaction with matter and consciousness. The editorial stance appears to be one of exploring unconventional scientific ideas and challenging established paradigms, particularly in the fields of energy, physics, and consciousness. The magazine advocates for bold scientific inquiry and the pursuit of understanding phenomena that are not yet fully explained by mainstream science, such as UFOs and psychic abilities.

Literature Cited

The issue includes a list of cited works, primarily by A.V. Chernetsky and others, focusing on self-generating discharges, plasma systems, physical vacuum structuring, bioenergetics, and energy compensation principles. These references indicate the theoretical underpinnings and prior research informing the articles presented.

This issue features an article titled "WHAT IS LIFE? (HYPOTHESIS)" by S.T. Leshkov, exploring a unique perspective on the origin and nature of life. The magazine appears to be a scientific or philosophical publication, likely from the late 20th century, given the references to events and scientific concepts.

What is Life? (Hypothesis) by S.T. Leshkov

Leshkov's hypothesis posits that life is an inherent property of matter, arising from the continuous interplay of opposing processes, such as oxidation and reduction, and quantum-mechanical interactions at the atomic level. He argues that no natural phenomenon can be described without its opposite. Life, from a chemical standpoint, is viewed as a chain of oxidation-reduction reactions.

The author places Earth within the expanding Solar System and the expanding Milky Way galaxy. He questions why, if the universe is expanding, a contracting process (like the galaxy or the universe) is not observed. He proposes that the formation of star systems, like our Solar System, might be a result of such a contracting process.

According to Leshkov's model, within a certain volume of the galaxy, an electromagnetic force field, generated by stellar radiation, creates a state of lower energy density compared to the surrounding space. This imbalance triggers a self-oscillating process of dust and gas compression, leading to the absorption of energy and the formation of a star system. The rotating dust and gas then form disk-like structures, with outer layers being shed to create giant planets (like Jupiter and Saturn) where element synthesis (primarily from hydrogen) and energy absorption occur. This compression phase eventually reverses into an expansion phase, similar to a pendulum's swing, which leads to the formation of terrestrial planets (like Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury) and the asteroid belt.

During the expansion phase of terrestrial planets, their initial plasma cores, formed from the primordial condensation, undergo radioactive decay of heavy elements and synthesis of lighter ones. The article suggests that the Earth's core, having cooled significantly due to its smaller mass compared to the Sun, facilitated the formation of shells and the separation of matter through decay and synthesis. The expansion of Earth's core is linked to radioactive decay of isotopes like Uranium and Thorium, leading to the formation of planetary shells.

Leshkov then addresses the formation of oceans, Earth's crust, atmosphere, and life itself. He suggests that the expansion of Earth to the upper mantle, accumulating elements and isotopes, led to the formation of the primitive atmosphere and crust. Intense chemical processes occurred on the surface due to solar radiation and Earth's magnetosphere, leading to the formation of nitrogenous bases (thymine, cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine) which acted as catalysts for reactions forming amino acids and silicon-based liquid crystals (gels).

The author presents a simplified model of genetic material: Gene (DNA) -> RNA -> Protein. He posits that the primordial gene synthesized amino acids and silicon-based liquid crystals. Further evolution, with Earth's cooling, led to the formation of protein molecules and quartz crystals. Dehydration during protein formation released 'free' water. These crystals could grow and multiply, eventually forming Earth's crystalline crust. The mantle and core continued to supply matter to the surface through element decay. This led to the formation of a cell around the gene, marking the beginning of geological and biological evolution.

Vernadsky's concept of Earth's crystalline shield as a former sphere of life's activity is mentioned. Leshkov reinterprets this as a former sphere of pre-life, a result of chemical evolution. The fate of primordial proteins is linked to oil, gas, and bitumen. The Earth's crust, combined with mantle matter, participates in element cycles. The current state of Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere is a result of complex interactions.

Leshkov emphasizes the principle of feedback as a universal law governing all systems, from molecules to galaxies, explaining the order and stability of the universe. He suggests that only objects with feedback and self-regulation can achieve long-term existence.

He then speculates on the possibility of life on other planets, particularly Uranus, suggesting that if the conditions of compression and expansion, decay and synthesis, align, life could emerge. He proposes that each sun-like star has about ten planets, with life potentially existing on every third and eighth planet. He contrasts the light element synthesis on Uranus with the heavier element synthesis on Earth.

The Fiery Trinity by M.A. Antonov

This section, authored by M.A. Antonov, delves into astrological and historical interpretations of celestial conjunctions, particularly those involving Jupiter and Saturn.

Antonov discusses the ancient belief that conjunctions of Jupiter and Saturn, or their alignment with the Sun, influence the destinies of nations. He notes that Jupiter completes five orbits for every two of Saturn, resulting in a conjunction every 19.859 years. The full cycle of these conjunctions spans 59.579 years, which forms the basis for the 60-year counting systems in some Asian and African cultures.

The article introduces the concept of an 'fiery triangle' formed by the alignment of planets over time. It is suggested that this triangle rotates, and its complete cycle takes 894 years. Ancient Roman historian Censorinus is cited, who wrote about cataclysms occurring every 10800 or 13384 years, which are interpreted as multiples of the fiery triangle's rotation.

Antonov links geological catastrophes to these cycles, suggesting a major event occurred in 11542 BC. He calculates that a catastrophe related to five triangle rotations would have occurred around 1842. He mentions an unusual solar eclipse in 1842 where the Moon's disk briefly intersected bright streaks, occurring when the Sun, Moon, and Earth were aligned, with Jupiter and Saturn on the opposite side of the Earth.

The author then discusses unusual phenomena observed in the Solar System over recent centuries, such as anomalous objects on the Sun and Moon, and solar eclipses. These phenomena are correlated with 60-year Jupiter-Saturn cycles and Uranus's passage near the star Beta Virginis. This leads to the hypothesis that these events are signals from extraterrestrial civilizations (ETCs).

Antonov identifies specific time points and alignments associated with these phenomena. A key alignment occurred in 1783, marked by an anomalous solar eclipse. Another significant event was an anomalous solar dimming in 1547, lasting three days, which coincided with Uranus's position relative to the Sun and Beta Virginis.

Further celestial events are linked to Uranus's orbital path. In 1715, 'running lights' were observed on the Moon. In 1883, 283 objects passed across the Sun. The star Beta Virginis is highlighted for its potential connection to ancient structures like Stonehenge, with its coordinates possibly encoded in the monument's architecture.

Tunguska Event and Extraterrestrial Civilizations

Antonov connects the Tunguska event of June 30, 1908, to ETCs. He notes that the event occurred exactly three Saturn orbital periods after a black disk was observed on the Sun in 1820. The alignment of Saturn during these events suggests a deliberate communication from ETCs.

The shape of the forest devastation from the Tunguska event is compared to butterfly wings, potentially related to a forest fire that occurred in the same area in 1820, three Saturn cycles prior. The remaining dead trees from that fire are thought to have contributed to the debris field in 1908.

Based on these correlations, Antonov predicts a possible recurrence of a similar event in 1996, three Saturn cycles after 1908. He interprets the planetary positions during these phenomena as a 'cosmic clock' created by an advanced civilization.

The 'cosmic clock' mechanism suggests that a new 'fiery trinity' will emerge around May 2000, coinciding with a close approach of Jupiter and Saturn. This event is linked to the Pleiades star cluster, which has mythological significance across various cultures.

The Birth of Christ and Celestial Alignments

Antonov revisits the birth of Christ, suggesting it occurred around 5 BC, based on the appearance of the 'Star of Bethlehem' and the alignment of planets. He cites historical and astrological texts that link significant events to Jupiter-Saturn conjunctions.

He challenges the traditional dating of Christ's birth, proposing that it occurred closer to 7 BC, aligning with a significant Jupiter-Saturn conjunction. This period is also linked to the concept of 'great changes' in human destiny.

The article suggests that the 'fiery triangle' cycle, with its 894-year periods, plays a role in these historical events. The conjunctions in 5 BC, 889 AD, and 1783 AD are identified as key points in this cycle.

Antonov connects these celestial signs to prophecies and biblical texts, including the number 666, which he links to the year 1996. He also discusses the transition of planets into new 'trinities' of cycles, with a significant shift occurring around 1783 and leading towards 2000.

The Pleiades Connection

The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of the Pleiades star cluster. The rotation of the 'fiery triangle' towards the Pleiades is predicted to bring about 'great changes' on Earth around the year 2000. The association of the Pleiades with ancient myths and cultures, including the Maya and Australian Aboriginals, is highlighted, suggesting a widespread, ancient knowledge of this star cluster.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the interconnectedness of cosmic phenomena, planetary evolution, the origin of life, and the potential influence of extraterrestrial intelligence. The editorial stance appears to be one of exploring unconventional scientific and historical theories, particularly those that challenge mainstream explanations and incorporate elements of astrology and ancient wisdom. There is a strong emphasis on cyclical patterns in nature and history, as evidenced by the discussions of planetary cycles, the 'fiery triangle,' and recurring astronomical events.

References

1. Ancient skies. № 3, 1987.
2. Klimishin I.A. Calendar and chronology. M.,1985.
3. Natural-scientific ideas of Ancient Rus. M.,1988.