Tid Og Rom - 1984 No 1

Magazine Overview

Title: Tid og Rom
Issue: Nr. 1-1984, årg. 4
Date: 1984
Publisher: FI's medlemsorgan (Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon)
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian
ISSN: 0333 - 4805

'Tid og Rom' is presented as Norway's largest periodical for unconventional science ('fremmedvitenskap'). This issue, dated 1984, aims to provide serious information on topics often neglected by mainstream media, fostering international exchange of news and research experiences. The magazine has undergone changes in layout and typography for better readability and has expanded its coverage to include various fields of unconventional science.

Redaksjonelt (Editorial)

The editorial section announces a new generation for 'Tid og Rom', highlighting improvements in layout, typography (using a bolder font), and a more balanced presentation of different unconventional science topics. The editorial team has reorganized the 'Rapportnytt' (Report News) section to combine local and global events, categorizing them into their respective scientific departments for clarity. The magazine has also increased its page count and the richness of its illustrations. The delay in the publication of TR 1-84 is attributed to a time-consuming transition to a computerized data processing system for administrative and productive activities, including text processing and distribution.

Table of Contents (Innhold)

The issue features a diverse range of articles:

• Vitenskapelige og uvitenskapelige teorier (Scientific and unscientific theories) - page 2
• UFOhendelser og publikasjon (UFO events and publications) - page 4
• Liv i havene på Europa? (Life in the oceans of Europa?) - page 6
• Parapsykologi og tryllekunstnere (Parapsychology and magicians) - page 10
• Teknisk data om MMU og annet romteknisk utstyr (Technical data on MMU and other space technology) - page 16
• Filosofiske betraktninger (Philosophical considerations) - page 22
• Offisielt bekreftet UFOlanding i England (Officially confirmed UFO landing in England) - page 24
• Leserbrev (Letters to the editor) - page 27
• Rapportnytt (Report news) - page 29

Vitenskapelige og uvitenskapelige teorier (Scientific and Unscientific Theories)

Authored by Sigurd Rønning, this article argues that a theory should only be considered unscientific if it can be disproven or is demonstrably false. Dismissing theories as unscientific simply because they are difficult to test is seen as arrogant and a hindrance to intellectual freedom. Rønning asserts that everyone should have the right to propose and explore even 'unscientific' theories without ridicule or prejudice. He suggests that such 'unscientific' theories, which may seem far-fetched, could potentially lead to groundbreaking discoveries and are essential for a comprehensive understanding of ourselves and the universe. The article criticizes the tendency to dismiss speculative ideas, which can stifle intellectual growth and lead to narrow-mindedness. It emphasizes the importance of embracing a free flow of ideas, even those that challenge conventional scientific paradigms.

Nytenkning skader ikke (New thinking does not harm)

This section, likely a continuation or related to the previous article, reiterates that thinking in 'unscientific' ways is not inherently dangerous, even for scientists. The real danger lies in ego-centric, selfish, or vengeful thinking, which can harm others. The author encourages open-mindedness towards theories that might seem unconventional, as they can offer valuable insights and contribute to a broader perspective on reality. The article suggests that paying attention to such theories is important for a complete picture of ourselves and our surroundings, and that recognizing their potential can lead to reflection and deeper understanding. It posits that some 'unscientific' theories might eventually be proven correct, offering satisfaction and inspiration.

Fire gode eksempler (Four good examples)

This section presents examples of theories often labeled as 'unscientific'.

1. Erich von Däniken's theories: The article mentions von Däniken's theories about ancient astronauts influencing human civilization and technological development in the distant past. These theories are characterized as speculative but stimulating and thought-provoking.
2. UFOnauts teleporting via black holes: This theory suggests that UFO occupants can travel to different parts of the universe through black holes, which are described as collapsed stars with immense density and gravitational pull.
3. High intelligence and overdeveloped excitatory/underdeveloped inhibitory nerve impulses: This theory proposes that exceptionally high intelligence might be linked to an overabundance of excitatory nerve impulses and a deficiency in inhibitory ones in the brain.
4. Mental retardation and underdeveloped excitatory/overdeveloped inhibitory nerve impulses: Conversely, this theory suggests that mental backwardness could be caused by an underdevelopment of excitatory impulses and an overdevelopment of inhibitory ones.

The article notes that these theories, while potentially flawed, are interesting and worth considering.

UFOhendelser og publikasjon (UFO Events and Publications)

Authored by Einar Larsen, this article addresses the common dismissal of UFO reports as mere fantasy or misunderstandings. Larsen argues that the inquiries received by 'Tid og Rom' stem from a genuine search for truth. He expresses frustration with the difficulty of obtaining concrete evidence, especially from official sources, which he characterizes as 'the big bear that licks the honey.' The article highlights the public's desire for UFO information to be broadcasted by mainstream media (radio, TV), but notes that such media often dismisses these topics.

UFOhavariet (The UFO Crash)

This subsection refers to a specific UFO incident mentioned in a previous article ('Hva viste fortidsmennesket om UFO' in TR 4-83). The author expresses the magazine's commitment to investigating such events, though often with limited success due to the reluctance of authorities to release information.

Mediapolitikken (Media Policy)

This section criticizes the mainstream media's approach to sensational and verifiable news, particularly in space research, suggesting they fail to report on significant discoveries. It implies a deliberate omission of UFO-related news, which is seen as a missed opportunity for public awareness.

Sjansespillet (The Gamble)

This part discusses an incident involving technicians on the oil rig 'Pacetter 2' who took a risk by testing objects found in a crashed craft. The author speculates that this was their only opportunity to conduct tests before the CIA potentially took over the wreckage, suggesting a possible military reason for secrecy: any foreign object could be considered a potential 'visiting card' from a hostile group, necessitating its classification.

Takling av UFO-mysteriet (Tackling the UFO Mystery)

Authored by Einar Larsen, this article posits that some UFO reports are so extraordinary that the most plausible explanation is visitation from extraterrestrial intelligence. It addresses the counter-argument that these reports have natural explanations, questioning why the 'visitation theory' is considered unnatural without further justification. The author implies that this skepticism is a form of intellectual resistance.

Gudstro og troen på det paranormale (Belief in God and belief in the paranormal)

Authored by Sigurd Rønning, this piece explores the correlation between belief in God and belief in the paranormal. It observes that individuals who strongly believe in the paranormal are often also religious, and vice versa. The article suggests that belief in the paranormal can sometimes lead to belief in God, and conversely, a lack of belief in God might correlate with a lack of belief in the paranormal.

Liv i havene på Europa? (Life in the oceans of Europa?)

Authored by Einar Larsen, this article investigates the potential for life on Jupiter's moon, Europa. It notes that while Venus and Mars were initially considered prime candidates, Europa has emerged as a significant focus due to evidence suggesting vast subsurface oceans beneath its icy crust. The article references data from the Voyager probes, which revealed Europa's surface to be covered in H2O ice, likely overlying a liquid ocean. The conditions on Europa are compared to Earth's arctic regions, where primitive life forms exist without direct sunlight, relying on chemosynthesis or geothermal energy. The article mentions research presented at an American Geophysical Union meeting in 1982 by Steven Squyres and Ray Reynolds, which supported the idea that life forms similar to those found in Earth's deep oceans could survive on Europa, given its potential subsurface warmth and water.

Europa et nytt alternativ (Europa: A New Alternative)

This subsection provides details about Europa, one of Jupiter's four largest moons (Galilean moons). It describes Europa as having a surface of H2O ice, likely covering a vast ocean. Its high reflectivity is attributed to this icy layer. The article notes that the moon's temperature is kept from freezing solid by internal heat sources, such as radioactive decay within its rocky core and tidal forces exerted by Jupiter. It also mentions the possibility of heat from volcanic activity on the seafloor and the potential for electrical storms generated by Jupiter's magnetic field.

Primitivt liv i havene? (Primitive life in the oceans?)

This section elaborates on the possibility of primitive life on Europa. It references research suggesting that if lower Earth life forms were transferred to Europa's oceans, they could survive due to the conditions. The article highlights that the ice shell, estimated to be about 5 km thick on average, may have fissures that allow for some light penetration and exchange with the surface. The researchers' theories are supported by Voyager photographs and data. The article contrasts the appearance of Europa's surface with early Mars imagery, which also featured linear features that were later understood not to be canals.

Havenes klima forhold (Ocean climate conditions)

This part details the environmental conditions on Europa that could support life. It explains that while Europa is far from the sun, internal heat sources are crucial. These include radioactive decay in the moon's core and tidal heating caused by Jupiter's gravitational pull. Even without solar energy, these internal processes are believed to keep the subsurface water liquid. The article also considers the role of volcanic activity and electrical storms as potential energy sources for life.

Mange gode indisier (Many good indications)

This section summarizes the evidence supporting the hypothesis of life on Europa. It points to Europa's average density, which suggests a composition of about 6% water and the rest silicates. The heat generated by radioactive decay and tidal forces from Jupiter are considered primary factors in maintaining liquid water beneath the ice. The article acknowledges that Europa is far from the sun, implying a frozen surface, but emphasizes that internal heat is key to keeping the oceans liquid. It also mentions that the lack of a substantial atmosphere means the ocean is in direct contact with the vacuum of space, causing rapid freezing at the surface.

Tykk is med store sprekker (Thick ice with large fissures)

This section describes the physical characteristics of Europa's surface, noting the presence of extensive fissures in its thick ice shell. These fissures, some extending for thousands of kilometers, are believed to be a result of tidal forces. The article suggests that these fissures could be crucial for potential life, allowing for the exchange of materials and possibly some light penetration to the subsurface ocean. It references Reynold's analysis of Voyager images, which indicated a highly fractured ice crust.

Utsyn fra overflaten (View from the surface)

This part describes the visual appearance of Europa's surface as depicted in images. It notes that from a distance, Europa appears as a smooth, polished white billiard ball, lacking visible mountains. However, the cover image for the article depicts a mountainous ice formation, which the article explains as large ice blocks pushed up by geological processes. The imagery is intended to convey the vast scale of Europa's icy landscape, with Jupiter's pale light illuminating the surface. The text also mentions the moon Io, which, along with Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede, creates significant nighttime illumination on Jupiter's dark side.

Offisielt bekreftet UFOlanding i England (Officially confirmed UFO landing in England)

This article reports on an officially confirmed UFO landing in England. It touches upon the media's tendency to dismiss such reports and the potential reasons for government secrecy, suggesting that any unidentified object could be perceived as a threat from a hostile entity. The magazine promises to follow up with more details on this incident.

Parapsykologi og tryllekunstnere (Parapsychology and Magicians)

This article likely explores the overlap or distinctions between parapsychological phenomena and stage magic, examining how both can create illusions or perceived supernatural events.

Gudstro og troen på det paranormale (Belief in God and belief in the paranormal)

This article, by Sigurd Rønning, revisits the connection between religious faith and belief in paranormal phenomena. It reiterates the observation that individuals often hold both beliefs concurrently, suggesting a psychological or philosophical link between them.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of 'Tid og Rom' include the exploration of life beyond Earth, particularly on Jupiter's moon Europa, and the investigation of UFO phenomena. The magazine consistently advocates for an open-minded approach to scientific inquiry, encouraging the consideration of theories that fall outside conventional scientific boundaries. The editorial stance is one of promoting serious, albeit unconventional, scientific information, challenging mainstream media's selective reporting, and fostering a deeper public interest in these subjects. There is a clear emphasis on critical thinking and the right to explore speculative ideas without prejudice.

Title: Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon
Issue: 1984, Volume 1
Date: 1984
Publisher: Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian

This issue of Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon, titled 'Tid og Rom I 1984', presents a diverse range of topics, from the potential for life on Jupiter's moon Europa to the technical specifications of space equipment and the intriguing overlap between illusionism and parapsychology.

Energi fra solen (Energy from the Sun)

The first article explores the possibility of life on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons. It posits that cracks in Europa's icy surface, varying from 1 to 70 km in width, might allow sunlight to penetrate to subsurface oceans. This solar energy could potentially sustain primitive life forms in these 'sun windows'. The article notes that the total area of open water and thin ice could receive energy equivalent to 30 MW for photosynthesis annually. Evidence for these cracks is observed through the presence of sulfur dioxide, likely from volcanic activity, which is then covered by frost originating from the subsurface. The article suggests that if this frost layer hadn't formed, the sulfur dioxide would have created a thick covering on the surface over millions of years. The surprising smoothness of Europa's surface, with most craters seemingly erased, indicates a relatively thin ice shell compared to the ocean depth. The heat necessary to maintain this ice shell is preserved by an insulating layer of frost, keeping the surface temperature around -133°C. The article concludes that while advanced life is unlikely, the discovery of even primitive life on Europa would challenge the worldview of many on Earth, given the current limited knowledge about extraterrestrial life.

Parapsykologi og tryllekunstnere (Parapsychology and Illusionists)

This section, authored by William Edvard Cox and translated by Sigurd Renning, delves into the relationship between illusionists and parapsychology. Cox, a member of the Society of American Magicians and a research associate at the Institute for Parapsychology, notes that many illusionists are skeptical of parapsychology, often viewing it as pseudoscience. However, he also points out that some illusionists, particularly 'mentalists', employ techniques that mimic psychic phenomena like telepathy and psychokinesis. The article highlights that while illusionists are adept at creating convincing effects, their methods are distinct from genuine paranormal abilities. It discusses several historical figures who bridged both worlds, such as Dr. Richard Hodgson, who led studies on Leonore Piper, and Dr. Walter F. Prince, who investigated Margery. J.B. Rhine is also mentioned, with Angelo Lewis noting that if magic had a simple explanation, its secrets would be common knowledge. The article contrasts the controlled nature of magic tricks with the often unpredictable and uncommandable nature of paranormal phenomena. It presents cases of individuals like Eusapia Palladino, who, despite possessing paranormal abilities, would sometimes resort to trickery. Olof Jonsson and William Delmore are also discussed as individuals whose abilities were tested, with Jonsson's 'conviction calls' and 'telekinetic' abilities being noted. The article suggests that the 'I can, you can't' syndrome is prevalent among illusionists, and that their ability to replicate phenomena does not prove the existence of psychic abilities. It criticizes the lack of rigorous methodology in some parapsychological investigations and the tendency for illusionists to dismiss genuine psychic claims.

Generell holdning (General Attitude)

This part of the article continues the discussion on the skepticism and attitudes of illusionists towards parapsychology. It notes that many illusionists, when confronted with evidence of paranormal phenomena, tend to dismiss it as trickery. The article mentions Joseph Dunninger and Kuda Bux as examples of illusionists whose performances involved elements that could be mistaken for psychic abilities. It criticizes the tendency for some to claim psychic powers without proper scientific scrutiny. The article also touches upon the concept of 'ESP' and how it is often misunderstood or misrepresented. It highlights that while illusionists are skilled in deception, their methods are not proof against the existence of paranormal abilities. The article concludes by discussing the challenges in distinguishing between genuine psychic phenomena and cleverly executed tricks, particularly when the observer is not a trained researcher.

Mye bedrag (Much Deception)

This section reflects on the prevalence of deception in both professional illusions and amateur demonstrations. The author notes a fundamental difference between magic and parapsychology: the former is often commandable, while the latter is not. The article suggests that illusionists do not typically expect their tricks to be taken at face value, but when confronted with paranormal claims, they may exhibit a 'can't do it' attitude. It discusses how some individuals, like George Kreskin and David Hoy, transitioned from magic to more 'mentalist' roles, leaving audiences to question the nature of their abilities.

Avvisende holdning (Rejective Attitude)

This section further elaborates on the dismissive attitude of many illusionists towards parapsychology. It states that while some illusionists have personally witnessed unexplainable phenomena, they often attribute them to trickery rather than paranormal causes. The article criticizes the tendency to seek 'gimmicks' in paranormal claims and highlights that the methods used by illusionists are not evidence against parapsychology. It emphasizes that the rigorous safety measures in parapsychological research are often overlooked by skeptics.

Vanebunnen holdning (Habitual Attitude)

This section continues to explore the ingrained habits and attitudes that influence how illusionists perceive and interact with parapsychology. It discusses how some illusionists, like Joseph Dunninger, would perform 'ESP demonstrations' that were essentially staged tricks. The article criticizes the lack of rigor in such demonstrations and the tendency to dismiss genuine psychic abilities. It also touches upon the concept of 'ESP' and how it is often confused with trickery. The article concludes by stating that the abilities of an illusionist are rarely required in modern parapsychology due to the advanced research procedures now in place.

Parapsykologiske rapporter (Parapsychological Reports)

This section invites readers to report any paranormal phenomena they have experienced, similar to UFO observations. The magazine states that it treats reports in both fields with equal interest and dedicates resources to investigating them. Readers are encouraged to contact the reporting center for their experiences.

FI SØKER MEDLEMMER MED INTERESSE FOR AKTIV DELTAKELSE (FI Seeks Members With Interest in Active Participation)

This segment announces that the organization 'FI' (likely referring to Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon or a related entity) is experiencing significant growth and is seeking active members to assist with administrative tasks and report-taking, particularly in local districts. They are looking for district leaders to act as liaisons between the central administration and local members. The organization also appeals for report-takers to assist in the research of astronomical, UFO-logical, and parapsychological reports. They promise to respond to inquiries by June.

UFO-FENOMENET, EN VITENSKAPELIG UTFORDRING! (The UFO Phenomenon, A Scientific Challenge!)

This section poses questions about UFOs, asking if they are unexplained natural phenomena, parapsychological events, extraterrestrial visits, hoaxes, or misinterpretations. It highlights that the UFO phenomenon is considered 'the greatest scientific problem of our time' and encourages readers to follow the magazine 'UFO' for more information. It mentions ongoing UFO observations in Hessdalen, Norway, which have garnered international attention and led to a research project. The article promotes the magazine 'UFO', published by the UFO-NORGE association, which comes out five times a year. Subscribing also grants membership and costs 90 Norwegian Kroner for 1984. Contact information for subscriptions and the organization is provided.

Teknisk data om MMU og annet romteknisk utstyr (Technical Data on MMU and Other Space Technical Equipment)

This article, authored by Einar Larsen, provides technical details about the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) and other space equipment. It begins by referencing the first spacewalks by Edward White and the Russian cosmonaut Leonov. The MMU, an acronym for Manned Maneuvering Unit, is described as a device that allows astronauts to move freely in space. Its predecessors include the M 509 unit tested on the Skylab space station. The MMU's applications include repairs to spacecraft, space stations, and other large structures, as well as smaller repairs that are more cost-effective to perform in space. It is also crucial for rescue operations, offering a more efficient alternative to the traditional safety line method. The article emphasizes the MMU's importance for constructing large space facilities like space stations and power plants, as regular inspections are necessary. The MMU is built by Martin Marietta for Johnson Space Center. The article details its propulsion system, which uses nitrogen gas expelled through small thrusters, and its fuel tanks. It also discusses the MMU's temperature regulation system, designed to withstand extreme temperatures in space, and its dual battery systems for operation and storage. The construction of the MMU is primarily aluminum, with a white lacquer finish, except for areas requiring specific thermal properties. The control system allows for both translational and rotational movements, with the astronaut controlling translational motion with the right hand and rotational motion with the left. The article concludes by illustrating the MMU's utility in rescue scenarios and its role in enabling astronauts to perform complex tasks in the vacuum of space.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of science, technology, and the unexplained. There's a clear interest in phenomena that challenge conventional scientific understanding, such as potential extraterrestrial life on Europa and UFOs. The publication also seems to critically examine the boundaries between genuine psychic abilities and staged illusions, suggesting a nuanced approach to claims of the paranormal. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, encouraging reader participation and the reporting of unusual events, while also maintaining a critical perspective on the evidence presented. The call for members and report-takers indicates a desire to actively gather and analyze information within these fields.

This issue of "Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon Tid og Rom" from 1984 delves into a diverse range of topics, blending space exploration technology with intriguing accounts of unexplained phenomena and philosophical inquiries.

Space Technology: MMU and Support Systems

The magazine provides detailed information on the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), a crucial piece of equipment for astronauts performing extravehicular activities. The MMU's dimensions are given as 124cm high, 81cm wide, and 65cm deep, with a weight of 136 kg including fuel. Its technical systems are designed with redundancy for safety.

The Flight Support Station (FSS) is described as a base for the MMU, located in the cargo bay of the space shuttle. It serves as a storage unit, providing power and a docking mechanism. The FSS includes two fixed arms with grippers and an adjustable foot platform to assist astronauts in attaching and detaching the MMU. Quick-release latches secure the MMU to the FSS.

The Work Restraint Unit (WRU) is presented as a device that can be attached to the MMU, acting as a coupling mechanism between the astronaut, the MMU, and any payload or worksite. Its primary function is to facilitate repairs and other operations on the exterior of the space shuttle during free flight. The WRU weighs 53kg and includes a specialized container for smaller tools, which is well-insulated.

The Return Line Tether (RLT) is a safety system designed to handle critical situations where an astronaut might encounter severe problems with the MMU. It consists of a 60m braided steel cable with a breaking strength of over 250kg, designed to prevent entanglement. A safety wire within the RLT is rated to break if the load exceeds 180kg.

The Space Operations Simulator (SOS) is an apparatus used to train astronauts in the use of the MMU and to develop operational procedures. It includes a model of the MMU and a full-size replica of the space shuttle's forward section. The SOS was tested in space on Skylab, using a precursor to the MMU, the M 509.

The Small Payload Maneuvering System (SPMS) is described as a free-flying, unmanned vehicle designed for remote inspection, equipment transport, and assisting astronauts with tasks around the space shuttle. It is remotely controlled from the shuttle and equipped with three cameras. The SPMS weighs 230kg and has a payload capacity of 360kg, with an operational radius of 3km.

STS-10 Mission and Incidents

The issue references the STS-10 mission, which launched on March 2, 1984, from Cape Canaveral with a crew including Commander Vance Brand and astronaut Bruce McCandless. The mission carried two satellites, Weststar 6 and Palapa B-2, as well as two MMU mechanisms. The launch was delayed due to other shuttle launches. The mission experienced setbacks, including the loss of the Weststar 6 satellite shortly after deployment and a balloon explosion from the cargo bay. Despite these issues, Bruce McCandless successfully tested the MMU, maneuvering approximately 100 meters away from the shuttle at a relative speed of just over 1 km/h. His humorous remark, 'It may be a small step for a man, but it's a giant leap for me,' is quoted, referencing Neil Armstrong's moon landing statement.

UFO Landing in England

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to a confirmed UFO landing in England, reported to have occurred in late December 1980 near the USAF and RAF base in Woodbridge, Suffolk. The report is based on the account of an unnamed police officer (identified as Art Wallace) and an official USAF report by Lieutenant Colonel Halt.

Witnesses, including security personnel, reported seeing unusual lights and a metallic, triangular object hovering low over the ground in a wooded area. The object was described as approximately 3 meters in diameter and 2 meters high, emitting a white light. It had a pulsing red light on top and a row of blue lights underneath. When approached, the object moved away through the trees. Animals in a nearby farm became agitated.

Later, the object was observed again for about an hour. The following day, three circular indentations, about 4cm deep and 18cm in diameter, were found in the ground where the object had been. Scorch marks were also found on a nearby tree.

Further observations that night included a red, pulsating light seen through the trees, which then emitted glowing particles and broke into five separate white objects. Three star-like objects were then seen in the sky, two in the north and one in the south, moving rapidly with sharp turns and emitting green and blue lights. Approximately 200 people witnessed these activities in Suffolk.

The report notes that the military has attempted to keep this incident classified, with witnesses being warned that no one would believe them if they spoke out. The article suggests that the event may have been anticipated, with film cameras, spotlights, and a helicopter present, and soldiers disarmed.

Philosophical Reflections: Intellect and Superhumans

Two philosophical articles explore the nature of intelligence and humanity's place in the universe.

Olga Portheim discusses the concept of extraterrestrial intelligence, expressing conviction that other inhabited planets exist. She questions the assumption that UFO occupants possess a higher degree of intellect than humans, arguing that such claims are speculative without knowledge of their civilization's history, culture, or societal structures. She suggests that if extraterrestrial visitors exist, their technology might be advanced, but their overall development could differ significantly from human standards.

Bjørn Sørhøy examines the concept of the 'superhuman' and artificial intelligence. He touches upon advancements in medical technology that could lead to the creation of artificial body parts and even fully artificial humans, raising questions about immortality. Sørhøy emphasizes the unique complexity of the human brain, particularly its capacity for emotions and empathy, which he believes cannot be replicated by even the most advanced computers. He shares personal experiences with a dialogue program that simulated conversation but lacked true understanding and adaptability.

Parapsychology

The magazine includes a section on parapsychology, featuring a review of the book "Mysteriet mennesket" (The Mystery of Man) by Jan O. Nilsen. The book is described as a comprehensive overview of parapsychological phenomena and research, covering topics like telepathy and clairvoyance. Georg Hygen, a renowned expert in parapsychology in Norway, wrote the foreword. The article notes that the book was published by Delphi Forlag, which has since ceased operations, but its stock has been acquired by EFI Forlag A/S.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue demonstrates a consistent interest in the frontiers of science and the unexplained. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting detailed accounts of technological advancements in space exploration alongside credible reports of UFO phenomena and philosophical explorations of consciousness and intelligence. The magazine aims to provide information on topics that are often considered fringe or classified, encouraging readers to consider possibilities beyond conventional understanding. The recurring theme is the exploration of the unknown, whether it be in the vastness of space, the depths of the human mind, or the possibility of extraterrestrial contact.

This issue of "Tid och Rom" (Time and Space), published by Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon in 1984, presents a collection of articles covering astronomy, UFO phenomena, and parapsychology. The magazine features reports from around the world, offering insights into scientific discoveries and unexplained events.

Astronomy

Mars: A Graveyard of Moons?

The lead article questions whether Mars has become a 'graveyard of moons'. Researchers studying images from the Viking probes have found surface features suggesting that Mars has been bombarded by numerous moons that lost altitude over time. The article notes that Phobos and Deimos, Mars's two known moons, are small and solitary, and that their elongated craters suggest impacts from objects that approached the surface at a very low angle.

Neptune Report

An observation of a star occultation by Neptune on June 15, 1983, from observatories in Hawaii and Australia, aimed to gather more data about the planet, particularly its potential ring system. The star involved was BD-22°58795 in Sagittarius. While previous observations had noted minor variations in the star's brightness as Neptune passed close by, this observation did not yield any evidence of a significant ring system.

Pluto and Charon: Occultations Provide Data

The discovery of Pluto's moon, Charon, in 1978 has provided new opportunities to study the distant planet. Before 1985, these two celestial bodies will engage in a series of mutual eclipses, allowing astronomers to gather more data on Pluto's mass, density, and atmosphere. Current knowledge indicates Pluto has a methane atmosphere and rotates synchronously with Charon. The article also touches upon the possibility of Pluto and Charon having irregular shapes due to their icy composition and close proximity.

Venus Surface Analysis

Two Soviet space probes, Venera 13 and 14, conducted surface analyses on Venus in March 1982. The probes landed in a highland area and a lowland area, respectively. Analysis of the samples revealed a composition similar to potassium-alkaline basalts found in Earth's upper layers, suggesting that the highland areas might represent the planet's ancient crust. The lowland areas, however, showed basaltic compositions similar to those found on Earth's ocean floors, likely formed from lava flows.

Glass Stars: White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars

Researchers Setsuo Ichimaru and his colleagues have conducted calculations suggesting that the inner parts of white dwarfs could consist of glass, and the outer layers of both white dwarfs and neutron stars might also be in a glassy state. This state arises from the extreme conditions where atomic nuclei are stripped of their electrons, forming a degenerate electron gas. The article explains that this state, while lacking ordered structure, can still exhibit properties like heat conduction, and that the transition to a crystalline state is a slow process known as devitrification.

UFO Reports

More UFO Imprints

This section details several UFO-related incidents. It discusses mysterious rings found in fields in England, particularly in the 'Warminster Triangle' area, with symmetrical patterns of circles. Similar phenomena were reported in Australia, where UFOs were observed landing and leaving circular fields in the grass. The article notes that in England, the vegetation in these circles was pressed down in a clockwise direction, while in Australia, it was counter-clockwise. The author, Pat Delgado, suggests these formations might be caused by an unknown force.

The Hessdalen Case

The ongoing UFO activity in Hessdalen, Norway, is examined. Over 20 individuals from Sweden and Norway gathered in late January to study the phenomenon. Instruments such as radar, seismographs, and spectrographs were deployed. Observations included objects with erratic movements, changing colors (yellowish with red lights), and significant electromagnetic effects, including TV interference. The article questions previous theories linking the Hessdalen phenomena to geophysical activity, as some objects were observed without triggering seismic readings.

Dark UFOs Over Nordingrå

A farmer named Lars Enstrom reported seeing two large, dark UFOs hovering near an esker in Nordingrå, Sweden, on February 14, 1983. The objects, estimated to be 20-25 meters in diameter, were silent and emitted no heat. The sighting caused unusual reactions in his pets and affected his vision.

An Intense Light

An engineer and officer, Tarjei N. Austad, observed an intensely bright object over a ridge near his hunting cabin in Bygland, Norway, in December 1983. The light was so intense that he could only look at it for brief periods. The object later moved upwards and disappeared. The intense light and its effects on Austad, including temporary vision problems and trembling, led him to dismiss it as a common atmospheric phenomenon like ball lightning.

Parapsychology

"Kirlian Photography" in a Different Way

This section introduces Cart Otto Mattsson, who claims to be able to photograph his own aura using only concentration and special film. His technique reportedly produces images similar to those obtained by the Russian physicist Kirlian using advanced equipment. Mattsson also claims to have had psychic abilities since his youth, including influencing his classmates and calming sick animals.

A Poltergeist Phenomenon?

Judy Reeves returned home to find her house in Bellevill, Illinois, USA, surrounded by E-shaped metal pieces of significant length. The discovery of one such piece embedded in a ceiling structure led her to believe they had fallen from a great height, suggesting a possible poltergeist event.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of scientific inquiry with unexplained phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation, presenting scientific theories alongside anecdotal evidence of UFOs and parapsychological events. There is a clear interest in challenging conventional explanations and exploring the frontiers of knowledge, particularly in astronomy and the study of the unknown.

This issue of 'Fremmedvitenskapelig Informasjon Tid og Rom' from 1984 focuses on unexplained phenomena, particularly those that seem to defy conventional explanations. The cover prominently features the question 'En MATERIALISERT skikkelse?' (A MATERIALIZED figure?), hinting at a central article exploring such occurrences. The magazine also includes administrative updates for its members and previews of future content.

Article: Metallic Fragments and Poltergeist Parallels

One article details an incident where metallic fragments were found on a rooftop. The initial assumption that these were from a military aircraft exercise was dismissed by a Federal Aviation Inspection specter, Troy Simms, who noted that such an event would have dispersed the debris over a much larger area. Judy Reeves from Illinois received a call from a power plant after the incident, and the plant's analysis indicated that the fragments were not from their equipment. The conclusion drawn was that a powerful explosion would have been necessary for the fragments to end up on her roof. The article draws a parallel between this event and poltergeist phenomena, noting that unexplained objects often appear suddenly in unexpected places.

Article: The Materialized Figure Photograph

The issue highlights a report from Great Britain concerning Gladys Hayter, who took a photograph in March 1979 that appeared to capture a materialized female figure in the back seat of her car. Her daughter, Dawn, was driving and was alone in the car at the time. Hayter reported feeling a brief cold atmosphere and a sense of being watched by someone unseen when the photo was taken. English parapsychologists and photo experts have examined the image and concluded that it is not a fake, suggesting it might represent something supernatural.

Administrative Information

Address Changes: Members are urged to inform FI's main administration of any address changes to ensure timely receipt of materials. Delays in reporting changes lead to a significant amount of returned mail.

FI's Support Fund: Established in 1983, this fund aims to improve the organization's financial situation. Members wishing to contribute can send donations to FI's post giro account, marking the payment as 'FI's støttefond'. The post giro number is 5 75 17 14. The central administration has received proposals for managing the fund, but due to current workloads, the focus remains on routine tasks.

Membership Number: For long-term members who may have received a ten-digit or alphanumeric membership number, a system change has occurred with the transition to a new data system. The new membership number can be found on the address label of the 'Tid og Rom' envelope. It is crucial to provide this number for all correspondence with the main administration.

Future Content Previews

The magazine previews upcoming topics, including whether we live in a pulsating universe, the current state of parapsychological research, and a discussion on quasars at the edge of the universe. The overall aim of 'Tid og Rom' is to enhance understanding of the world, its future, and the meaning of life, offering challenging perspectives on time and space.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the unexplained, the paranormal, and the frontiers of scientific and pseudoscientific inquiry. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded exploration, presenting intriguing cases and research without necessarily offering definitive conclusions, but rather encouraging readers to consider alternative perspectives on reality. The magazine positions itself as a resource for those seeking deeper knowledge and understanding beyond conventional explanations.