Sussex Circular - 1995 no 39

Magazine Overview

Title: SC: The Monthly Magazine of Crop Circles and Beyond
Issue: 39
Date: March 1995
Price: £1.00

This issue of SC magazine delves into the scientific analysis of crop circles, with a strong focus on the research conducted by Dr. W.C. Levengood. It also addresses the ongoing controversy surrounding the debunking of crop circle phenomena and features reports on related events and individuals.

Levengood's Results on Sussex Samples

The magazine highlights the work of Andy Thomas, Barry Reynolds, and Martin Noakes, who have been diligently sampling crop formations in Sussex, UK. Their samples were sent to Dr. Levengood at the Biophysical Laboratory in Michigan, USA, for analysis. Dr. Levengood has produced over 30 laboratory reports and the world's first peer-reviewed journal article on crop formations. Barry Reynolds presents some of these findings, emphasizing the detailed nature of the sampling, which was considered the most thorough of any crop circle complex examined.

Stem Node Examination

Analysis of stem nodes from the Sompting triangular triplet (Sussex 1993/01) and the Birling Gap formations (1994) revealed significant node bending and swelling, particularly at nodes 3 and 4. This was explained by the presence of active pressure formation within the nodes, exhibiting visco-elastic properties. The "expulsion cavities" observed were described as being caused by a rapid build-up of significant gas pressure, leading to cavities in the node tissue, often discolored by fungus and mold. These cavities were prevalent within the main circle and satellites but virtually absent in samples taken outside the formations.

Seed Germination and Seedling Development Factor (Df)

Dr. Levengood's research also indicated that the energies within crop formations significantly suppressed seed germination and seedling growth. Df values were consistently negative, with some showing a 100% reduction in growth. This effect was observed to be consistent with other formations and also correlated with seed weight changes. The data suggested a spiraling energy pattern around the epicentre, possibly with a high electron component, influenced by the Earth's magnetic field.

Birling Gap and Tear Formations

Specific analysis of the Birling Gap formations (1994), including the "Egg" and "Tear" formations, showed similar results. The "Egg" formation exhibited increased node expansion and a reduced seedling development factor. The "Tear" formation also showed a direct relationship between the Df level and distance from the epicentre, indicating a damaging energy source. The "Nest" formation suggested severe, highly localized sub-vortices. A "Flailed Control" sample, prepared by Anthony Cheke, fell within normal ranges, providing a baseline for comparison.

Energy Absorption Theory

The magazine includes a section on the "Theory of Energy Absorption," explaining how stem node heating and expansion relate to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. It references "Beers Law" and predicts a linear correlation between the natural logarithm of node expansion and the distance from the radiation source, suggesting that local electric fields can influence extensive charge configurations within ion plasmas.

Controversy and Debunking

George Wingfield vs. The Cerealogist

The issue highlights a controversy involving George Wingfield and his article in The Cerealogist magazine. The article allegedly labeled major crop formations of the previous year as hoaxes and named those responsible. The magazine states that Wingfield's piece is "complete fiction" and that 'hoaxers' Rob Irving and Robin Allen acknowledge that George got every formation wrong in his article, except one.

Repercussions and Convention Cancellation

Wingfield's article has had wider repercussions. Colin Andrews' International Crop Circle Convention in New Hampshire, USA, was cancelled. In a statement, Andrews cited Wingfield's hoaxing article as a major factor that could jeopardize scientific claims, along with health issues of speakers and scheduling conflicts. Andrews expressed disappointment but felt it was a prudent decision.

Marcus Allen's Talk

Marcus Allen gave a talk at the London Winter Lectures, discussing the minds behind crop circle faking and strategies for media appearances. He emphasized the importance of questioning sources and not relying on second-hand information. The report notes that Allen's talk was well-received, and during the question time, there was a lively discussion involving members of the "Wessex Skeptics," including Doug Bower and Robin Allen, who discussed their involvement in past crop circle investigations.

Other Features

"Natural Corn Killers" Film Promotion

A promotional piece for a film titled "Natural Corn Killers" by Oliver Stoned is featured. The film is described as a shocking new film about two renegades, Dougie and Davey, who are promoted and manipulated by the media, leading to a dangerous spree. The tagline suggests the film should have been banned, with a quote from Mary Crophouse calling it "A sickening fiction."

Editorial Stance

The editorial stance of SC magazine appears to be supportive of rigorous scientific investigation into crop circles, as exemplified by Dr. Levengood's work. It expresses skepticism towards debunking efforts, particularly those by George Wingfield, and highlights the importance of evidence-based research. The magazine also seems to embrace the more mysterious and unexplained aspects of the phenomenon, while acknowledging the existence of hoaxes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly emphasizes the scientific investigation of crop circles, particularly through the detailed analysis of plant material by Dr. Levengood. It champions the idea that scientific methods can uncover genuine phenomena distinct from hoaxes. The magazine also highlights the controversy and debate within the crop circle community, particularly the conflict between researchers and debunkers. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of exploring the unexplained and supporting researchers who employ scientific rigor, while being critical of those who dismiss phenomena without sufficient evidence. The inclusion of the "Natural Corn Killers" promotion suggests an interest in the cultural impact and sensationalism surrounding the topic, even if critically presented.