Stendek - Vol 12 No 41 - September 1980

Magazine Overview

This issue of STENDEK, Service Informativo C.E.I., Volume XII, Number 41, dated September 1980, features a cover story titled "ATERRIZAJE EN UN POLVORIN" (Landing in an Ammunition Depot). The magazine is published by STENDEK-CEI and appears to be based in Spain.

Article: UN OVNI ATERRIZA EN EL INTERIOR DEL RECINTO DE UN POLVORIN

This extensive article, authored by Antonio Rodríguez Santamaría and Pedro Redón of C.E.I., details a remarkable UFO incident that occurred on December 29, 1976. The authors explain that the case was kept confidential for two years to ensure the witnesses' safety.

Introduction

The incident began around 1:50 AM on December 29, 1976, with a luminous object leaving a green trail, observed moving at high speed over Lisbon, Portugal, and various Spanish provinces including Valencia, Murcia, Almería, Granada, Málaga, Cádiz, and Melilla. Around the same time, a similar object was seen in Falces and Arrubal (Logroño), where it is believed to have landed. A night watchman at an industrial park reportedly witnessed its takeoff.

Later, around 1:50 AM, near Talavera de la Reina (Toledo), multiple witnesses in four different locations observed a luminous object with similar characteristics. Three of these observations provided details of the silent, luminous mass. Notably, in one instance, the object caused electromagnetic effects, including the ignition of automobiles and irregularities in a generator's function.

The Talavera Incident

During one observation by Pedro Luis Blázquez and his wife, the object stopped, hovered motionless for several minutes, and then maneuvered over their location and their car. The investigation into the Talavera cases revealed several key characteristics of the OVNI: an approximate shape of two facing saucers with a dome on top, a circular black area on its base, a luminous yellow line between the dome and the body, a predominantly green or light blue luminous trail, silent movement, maneuverability, variable speed, and the ability to stop and hover.

The object's trajectory was consistently North-South. In the final observation, its path led directly towards a military zone located three kilometers from Talavera de la Reina.

The Military Zone

The article describes the military zone, identified as Tropas del Parque y Maestranza de Artillería de Madrid (Destacamento de Talavera de la Reina), located three kilometers south of Talavera de la Reina. The area is bordered by the Talavera-Los Navalmorales road and is characterized by mountainous terrain containing ammunition depots (polvorines). A military track, approximately 1 km long, winds through the zone, leading to tunnels. The zone is secured by guards, dogs, and surveillance systems, including cameras and an alarm siren triggered by excessive noise or energy surges.

The military zone is powered by a high-tension line, with a backup diesel generator. The main lights are located at the tunnel entrances and exits.

Witness Testimony from the Military Zone

A key witness, a member of a patrol within the military zone, recounts the events of the night of December 29, 1976. The night was cold, dry, and clear. The alarm siren sounded unexpectedly, and the guard dogs became agitated. The normal lights of the zone went out, and only red lights from the autonomous filming system remained on. The auxiliary generator briefly operated before stopping.

The witness observed a strong glow near tunnel entrance number 5. The patrol, initially at guard post number 6, was ordered to the guard house. Upon investigation, they proceeded towards the area of the glow. The witness described the light as resembling multiple white flares, but it persisted for several minutes, indicating it was not a normal phenomenon.

The OVNI's Approach and Behavior

The patrol reached guard post number 4, where the sentinel reported seeing a luminous object enter the zone from the east, following a firebreak line and then a straight path at an altitude of about ten meters. The object flew over the left side of the track, then over the area between the track's arms, passing over poplar trees before reaching guard post number 5. The sentinel at post 4 attempted to contact the sentinel at post 5 via intercom but received no response, assuming the intercom was faulty. He then tried calling out but again received no reply.

The patrol continued towards post 5. The witness described the object's light as initially resembling flares but persisting for an unusually long time. As the object approached, the patrol felt a sense of unease. The witness described the object as a white mass with a dome, resembling an upside-down soup plate, approximately 4 meters in length. It emitted a blue-green light from its underside, which seemed to suspend it. The light illuminated the surroundings considerably.

The object's luminosity varied, increasing and decreasing. The witness stated the object was perfectly visible and its form was clear when the luminosity decreased. The intensity changes occurred in approximately two-second intervals. The object remained hovering for about five minutes after the sentinel at post 5 recovered from his stupor.

The OVNI's Departure

The object then began to move. Its white light intensified significantly, and it began to ascend, described as if a person were climbing a hill. It moved slowly at first, then gained speed, not exceeding 30-40 km/h. It flew towards the east, following the steep slope of the firebreak, and disappeared behind the crest of the hill. The sentinel at guard post 1 saw it hovering over the mountains before it vanished to the south.

Following the object's departure, the military zone's normal lights suddenly came back on as the generator resumed operation. The transformer had tripped due to a surge in demand at the start of the incident but reset automatically. The dogs returned to normal.

Post-Incident Investigation and Witness Reflections

The witness estimated the OVNI remained in the military zone for about fifteen to twenty minutes. He explained that they did not approach the object to avoid unnecessary risks, following orders to remain in position and observe. The patrol's duty was to observe the 'enemy' (in this case, the object) and be prepared to react.

The witness expressed confusion about the object, stating it was unlike any known aircraft. They concluded it was an "ovni" based on their discussions. He described the dogs' behavior as highly unusual, indicating extreme distress and nervousness, which was uncharacteristic for them.

An investigation the following morning by the military's mineral studies group examined the terrain in the firebreak area. They found crystallizations that were possibly quartz, noting that quartz is rarely found in the area's clay soil. These crystallizations were found on the ground where the object had been situated.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of STENDEK focuses on a detailed, first-hand account of a significant UFO landing within a secure military installation. The magazine's stance appears to be one of serious investigation and documentation of anomalous phenomena, presenting witness testimonies and physical evidence. The inclusion of detailed technical descriptions of the military zone and the object's characteristics suggests a commitment to thorough reporting. The emphasis on witness accounts, particularly from military personnel, lends credibility to the reported events. The magazine aims to inform its readers about unexplained aerial phenomena and their potential implications.

This issue of STENDEK, dated November 1979, focuses on UFO and close encounter reports from Spain. The cover highlights a 'CE III' (Close Encounter of the Third Kind) with a gustatory sensation, attributed to authors F. Louange and J.L. Casero. The magazine delves into detailed accounts of sightings, witness testimonies, and physical evidence.

Incident at the Electrical Zone

The first major section details an incident involving an electrical zone, likely related to a UFO presence. A witness, referred to as 'T.', described an energy overload that activated an alarm siren and cameras. The transformer's automatic switch failed, causing a blackout, but a backup generator eventually restored power. Notably, the cameras, equipped with infrared film, captured images, though those directly facing the object had their film 'veiled.' The witness noted no change in color or burning on the surrounding vegetation or fence, only a possible 'smoking' effect on the fence.

The Cameras

Ten cameras were installed in the area, one for each tunnel entrance and exit. They were designed to operate autonomously and were not affected by the incident. The cameras used a unique automatic firing system, taking a shot, pausing, and then taking another. The film used was apparently infrared. The witness reported that the films from the cameras facing the object were 'veiled,' while others captured normal images of the surroundings.

Epilogue

Following the observation, the sentinel was relieved, and a report was compiled and signed by all witnesses, then sent to the authorities. The incident is linked to other observations in the Talavera de la Reina area on the same night, suggesting a broader pattern of UFO activity across the Iberian Peninsula.

The Landing of Sangonera la Verde

This section, authored by Francisco J. Sarabia of CEI, details a UFO landing and a humanoid encounter that occurred on July 1, 1979. The event took place in a mountainous area near Sangonera la Verde, Murcia.

The Location of the Events

The incident involved two distinct locations: where the supposed UFO was seen and where the supposed humanoid was observed. The area is described as being in the middle of the Sierra del Puerto, approximately five kilometers from Sangonera la Verde. The location is part of a property called 'TORRE GIL.'

Our Witness

The primary witness is D. Antonio Guirao Carrillo, a 16-year-old who provided a detailed account. He is described as a sincere and credible individual, despite his limited formal education. The other three witnesses could not be located, reportedly due to the intense attention from curious individuals and ufologists.

Detailed Description of the Observation

On the morning of July 1, 1979, around 0:30 AM, Guirao and three friends were hunting. They observed a strange light over 'Cabezo Colorao.' Initially, they thought it was hunters, but the light moved erratically and changed color. The light illuminated the surroundings with a yellowish, car-like glow. They approached the area and waited. Suddenly, a tall figure, described as a 'humanoid' or 'fichaje,' appeared. The figure was between two and two-and-a-half meters tall, walking with short, slow steps. It wore a white, shimmering jacket and dark trousers. The witness described the jacket as having two pockets on the chest and a zipper. The helmet was described as square to oblong, white, with a dark crystal visor. The witness compared it to a motorcyclist's helmet. The humanoid did not carry any visible weapons or tools and did not react verbally. The only sound was the breaking of branches.

Reaction of the Animals

Animals in the area, particularly dogs belonging to a local shepherd, exhibited extreme agitation, barking and hiding from the perceived threat. The shepherd confirmed his dogs were usually well-behaved and not prone to barking without reason. A peculiar detail noted was the absolute silence in the area, with no cricket chirping, which is unusual for the season.

Description of the Humanoid

The humanoid was described as tall (2 to 2.5 meters) with slow, deliberate steps. It wore a white jacket that appeared to shine, with two chest pockets and a zipper, and dark trousers. A helmet, described as square or oblong and white with a dark visor, was also part of its attire. The witness could not discern hands or boots. The humanoid did not display any weapons or tools, and its expression did not change.

Analysis of Humanoid Drawings

When shown drawings of humanoids based on J.U. Pereira's classification, the witness initially leaned towards type 11 but ultimately chose type 9.

Opinion on the Humanoid Sighting

The humanoid initially appeared to approach, but the witnesses fled in panic. The authors note that the humanoid would have been about 2 km from the object, which is unusual as they typically stay close.

Description of Supposed Marks and Footprints

Due to subsequent rainfall, definitive traces were difficult to find. However, at the location where the UFO was reportedly seen, a mark or 'footprint' was observed. This mark was described as resembling a foot in a 'standing at attention' position, rather than a shoe or boot print. It was described as deep, with disturbed earth. The mark was located over 2 km from where the humanoid was seen. The author suggests it could have been made by a manual or mechanical tool.

In the same area, triangular 'footprints' were found. Samples of soil from one of these were collected and analyzed. Another footprint, similar in size to the first, was also found, with well-defined edges.

Chemical Analysis of Samples

A geological-chemical analysis of soil samples revealed a high pH (basic), which was considered unusual for the typically acidic rocks and stones of the area. This was the only discordant note in the analysis.

Vegetation, Hydrology, and Geology of the Zone

The area is characterized by Mediterranean vegetation, with abundant aromatic plants and small pine trees. The terrain is predominantly clayey, with light-colored earth. The soil is acidic due to silica, with materials eroded by rainwater. There are no mines or significant geological features. The hydrology is poor, with no underground water. Pronounced, though shallow, ravines are formed by rainwater.

Possible Subsequent Sightings

A man named Félix, known as 'El Cano,' and another unidentified person reported seeing mysterious, powerful lights in the sky between 11 PM and midnight. These lights evolved violently and disappeared without a trace, causing nervousness in a dog accompanying them.

Possible CE III with Gustatory Sensation of the Witness

This section, authored by F. Louange and J.L. Casero, details a close encounter case that is considered potentially interesting due to unusual details, particularly a gustatory sensation experienced by the witness.

The Witness

The witness is a public figure in his fifties, who held an official position in Spain during a previous regime and was persecuted for his political ideology. He had only confided in a close friend about his experience and was reluctant to have it made public. The authors had to exercise considerable patience and persistence to obtain his testimony.

The Experience

The event took place in Jaraba, Zaragoza, in October 1978, around 7-8 AM. The witness was photographing nests of 'Milopas' (short-toed eagles) when he noticed unusual reflections. He then heard a faint whistling sound ('FUSSSS') that quickly disappeared. Shortly after, he experienced a feeling of unease, a 'metallic teeth' sensation, and his neck hairs stood on end. His camera and watch felt hot. He then saw an object, described as ovoid and about 5 meters in diameter, surrounded by 'antennae.'

Reproduction of Witness's Sketches

Sketches depict the object on the ground and in elevation. One sketch shows three visible spots beneath the object at a certain angle, which are not visible from another angle. Another sketch shows a cylindrical object that can be folded.

The Encounter Continues

The witness observed two individuals, approximately 1.90 meters tall, wearing bluish-gray suits. One was leaning over a metallic tube inserted into the ground, while the other held a box with a floating sphere. The 'FUSSSS' sound returned, stronger this time, accompanied by an 'electrical' sensation in the neck and mouth, and vibrations in the ground. The object ascended about 2 meters. The witness perceived three circular spots beneath the object. He managed to take several photos before the object disappeared. The 'FUSSSS' sound ceased, but the metallic taste persisted for two days.

Conclusion

The authors express frustration at the inability to conduct a more in-depth investigation due to the witness's limited cooperation. The case is noted for its concrete and unusual details, including heat sensation, metallic taste, sound distortion, and veiled film. The authors suggest that further investigation, including hypnotic regression, would have been necessary to clarify certain aspects. The case is presented for its potential to reveal similarities with other abduction cases reported in the same area and time period.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of STENDEK consistently explores the phenomenon of UFOs and close encounters, emphasizing detailed witness testimonies, physical evidence, and unusual sensory experiences. The magazine appears to adopt a serious and investigative approach, aiming to document and analyze these events. The recurring themes include the presence of unidentified aerial objects, encounters with humanoid figures, the impact of these events on witnesses and the environment, and the analysis of potential physical traces. The editorial stance seems to be one of open inquiry, presenting cases that are considered unusual or significant within the broader context of ufological research.

This issue of 'Informe' focuses on anomalous aerial phenomena (UAP) and investigations into such events. It features articles detailing specific sightings and disappearances, as well as theoretical discussions on the nature and purpose of UAP activity.

Anomalous Aerial Object Over Buenos Aires

This section, authored by Oscar Adolfo Uriondo, a delegate for Stendek-CEI in Argentina, describes an unusual UAP sighting in Buenos Aires. The event occurred in the early morning of January 7, 1977, witnessed by retired General Santiago Alberto Baigorria and his wife, Margarita Ferreccio de Baigorria. They observed a highly luminous, reddish, discoidal object suspended in the air at a low altitude over a densely populated urban area. The object was described as being larger than four times the full moon and oscillated slightly. It then suddenly darkened and disappeared, only to reappear moments later as a gray, two-plate-shaped object moving silently without any visible propulsion or trace. The witnesses, described as credible and serious individuals, provided detailed accounts, and the author concludes that conventional explanations are insufficient, characterizing the phenomenon as an unidentified object.

The Cergy Affair: Investigation and Disappearance

This multi-part article, primarily authored by Gerard Lebat of GEOS, details a complex case from Cergy-Pontoise, France, involving the disappearance of a young man, Franck Fontaine, after a UAP sighting. The investigation began when the Gendarmerie was alerted to the incident that occurred on November 26, 1979. The witnesses, Jean-Pierre Prévost and Salomón D'Diaye, reported seeing a luminous object near a power plant. Franck Fontaine, who was with them, disappeared shortly after. The Gendarmerie conducted interviews and tests, including radioactivity checks and a dog's reaction, all of which were inconclusive. A mechanic, Roland Varin, also reported hearing an unusual noise around the same time, though he was not directly involved in the initial incident.

The article recounts the witnesses' testimonies, emphasizing their apparent sincerity and the lack of any apparent motive for fabrication. The disappearance of Franck Fontaine is presented as a tragic event, with no clear explanation, and the author notes that similar disappearances have occurred elsewhere. The Gendarmerie's efforts to locate Franck were unsuccessful.

The Cergy Affair: Reappearance and Analysis

This section continues the Cergy case, detailing Franck Fontaine's reappearance on December 3, 1979. He reported that after seeing the object, his car was surrounded by a white mist, and he fell asleep, only to wake up later with no memory of the intervening period. He discovered his car was missing. The article describes the reunion of the witnesses and Franck's mother, and their subsequent contact with the Gendarmerie. The witnesses were interrogated, and while their accounts remained consistent, the authorities noted the delay in reporting the incident, which could have allowed time for fabrication. The article also mentions that the witnesses were reluctant to undergo further scientific experiments, including blood tests, which limited the depth of the official investigation. The author expresses some skepticism, suggesting that the delay in reporting and the witnesses' reluctance to be studied might indicate a fabricated story or an attempt to exploit the event commercially. However, the case is presented as a significant mystery.

'Operación OVNI' (Operation UAP)

Authored by Joan Crexell of CEI, this theoretical article proposes that UAP activity is part of a carefully studied, long-term plan, termed 'Operación OVNI'. The author suggests that the goal is to gradually introduce the reality of extraterrestrial presence to humanity. This 'operation' involves both active and passive measures. Active measures aim to modify human mentality and prepare people for contact through continuous exposure to UAP phenomena. Passive measures involve the interpretation and dissemination of UAP observations by private researchers and media, creating a narrative that something unusual is occurring. The article posits that the seemingly 'absurd' behavior of UAPs is, in fact, a deliberate strategy to attract attention and convey that these are not terrestrial phenomena or secret weapons. The use of lights, night sightings, and the appearance of 'ufonauts' are seen as part of this plan to demonstrate their existence and distinctiveness.

Advertising and Public Relations Techniques in UAP Phenomena

This section, continuing the 'Operación OVNI' theme, draws parallels between UAP phenomena and modern advertising and public relations techniques. The author argues that UAPs employ strategies to capture human attention, much like effective advertising campaigns. The choice of night sightings, the use of lights, and the 'strange' behavior of UAPs are interpreted as deliberate tactics to make them stand out and be noticed. The article suggests that the appearance of occupants ('ufonauts') is also a calculated move to prove that the craft are not simply automated drones but are controlled by intelligent beings. The author concludes that UAP phenomena are not random occurrences but are part of a coordinated effort to introduce a new 'product-idea' into human consciousness, making the existence of non-terrestrial intelligence undeniable.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of 'Informe' are the investigation of UAP sightings, the analysis of witness testimonies, and the exploration of theoretical frameworks for understanding UAP phenomena. The magazine appears to adopt a stance that acknowledges the reality of UAP events while critically examining the evidence and potential explanations. There is a clear interest in cases that defy conventional explanations and a willingness to consider more complex, even conspiratorial, theories such as 'Operación OVNI'. The editorial stance leans towards presenting detailed case studies and encouraging further research and reader contributions on the subject of UAP observations.

This issue of "INVESTIGACIÓN" focuses on the phenomenon of UFOs, particularly under the thematic umbrella of "LOS OVNIS... 'ESAS LUCES'" (UFOs... 'Those Lights'). The publication delves into historical UFO waves, theoretical physics related to advanced concepts like superluminal speeds and antimatter, and the distinction between known aerial phenomena, such as sounding balloons, and unidentified flying objects.

The 1897 American Wave and Early Observations

The article begins by discussing the "very curious" American wave of 1897. The author notes that the observed 'ships' were presented in a way that humanized them, appearing during the day, which was logical for early aviation experiments and less likely to cause fear. This presentation made the sightings seem credible, associating them with the popular idea of 'people wanting to fly with machines.' The author questions why this wave occurred specifically in the USA in 1897, suggesting that the country's status as the leading industrial power with a superior communication network might have played a role in the event's documentation and subsequent historical record.

The text then considers whether these early observations can explain the variety of shapes and occupants seen in later UFO sightings. It proposes that a single object can be described differently by various witnesses and that 'they' (UFO occupants) might be disguising their craft with increasingly sophisticated technology to match current advancements. The author speculates that occupants might also disguise themselves to appear as multiple races or humanities, possibly to create a sense of greater numbers than actually exist, as it's logical to assume their numbers are limited.

This strategy of adopting diverse 'parahuman' forms is seen as increasing interest and making it clear to observers that the phenomena are not terrestrial. The author posits that this might be a deliberate attempt to corroborate the general idea that 'Martians' are not identical to humans, suggesting that UFO occupants know humanity well enough to adopt believable disguises. This could be linked to historical UFO observations throughout history, interpreting legends, myths, traditions, and religions.

The Role of Waves and Public Awareness

The article draws a parallel between the cyclical nature of commercial advertising and UFO 'waves' or mass appearances. Just as products experience periods of increased promotion, UFO sightings tend to occur in clusters. These waves are credited with informing millions of people about UFOs. The author points out that before the 1946-1954 period, discussions of 'flying saucers' or 'Martians' were rare. However, after 1946, and especially following the 1954 wave in France, which included humanoid sightings, the topic gained significant traction among both specialists and the general public.

The author questions the timing of these waves, suggesting they are not random but part of a plan to introduce the phenomenon to the public. The focus on the USA in later waves is linked to its possession of the atomic bomb and its global power. The ultimate goal, it is suggested, is to make UFOs a normal part of life, even if not directly tangible to everyone.

Theoretical Physics and Superluminal Speed

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to exploring advanced physics concepts and their potential connection to UFO phenomena. The author discusses the work of physicists like Jean Pierre Vigier, who are investigating interactions faster than light and their implications for causality. The debate centers on whether these interactions are 'a-causal' (allowing for 'telegraphing' into the past or future) or 'causal' (interactions propagating as pressure orders within a sub-quantum medium).

The article delves into the nature of light and the seemingly contradictory aspects of its speed. It highlights that while light has mass and travels at approximately 300,000 km/s, the theory of relativity states that reaching the speed of light requires infinite mass and energy. This apparent contradiction leads to discussions about 'imaginary' numbers and the possibility of an 'antimaterial' universe existing beyond the speed of light.

The author explores the concept of 'quantums of speed' and how exceeding the speed of light might lead to antimaterial realms. This is linked to phenomena like antimatter, quasars, and black holes. The mathematical formulas for time dilation and length contraction are presented, illustrating how 'v' (velocity) approaching 'c' (speed of light) leads to infinite time and how exceeding 'c' might involve 'imaginary' numbers, suggesting a transition to an antimaterial state.

The possibility of 'superluminal' (faster-than-light) travel is presented as a potential explanation for instantaneous transfers, the manipulation of space-time, and even 'future' visits from extraterrestrial civilizations. The author speculates that any civilization capable of such travel could potentially visit us now, or that future versions of ourselves could visit the present.

Distinguishing UFOs from Sounding Balloons

The magazine also addresses the confusion between UFOs and more mundane aerial phenomena, specifically focusing on 'globos sonda' (sounding balloons). These are described as sophisticated instruments used for atmospheric research, with various types designed for different purposes, such as measuring altitude, wind, or collecting scientific data.

• The article details several types of sounding balloons:
• Globos cautivos (Captive balloons): Tethered balloons, typically not exceeding 1500-2000m in altitude, easily identifiable.
• Aerostatos (Aerostats): Mechanically directed balloons, often remote-controlled, less common.
• Globos sonda (Sounding balloons): Specifically designed for atmospheric soundings, reaching altitudes of 15,000-25,000m, expanding as they ascend and bursting, with the radio-sonde descending by parachute.
• Balones equilibrados (Balanced balloons): Designed to maintain a constant altitude for air flow studies, often circling the globe.
• Globos pilotos (Pilot balloons): Small, reflective balloons used to measure cloud altitudes.
• Sondas especiales de Alta Cota (Special High-Altitude Probes): Large balloons (up to 100m diameter) for studies of the ionosphere and cosmic rays, reaching great heights.
• Globos radar-Viento (Radar-Wind Balloons): Used for measuring wind speed and direction in upper atmospheric layers, designed to create a radar echo.
• Globos gigantes (Giant balloons): Enormous balloons capable of carrying heavy scientific payloads, with capacities up to 2,000,000 m³ and reaching altitudes of 40 km.

The article notes that Spain participates in international projects involving these balloons, such as trans-Mediterranean, trans-Pyrenean, and transatlantic flights, with launch and recovery stations located in various parts of the country and Europe.

Conclusions and Editorial Stance

The author concludes that the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ET) should not be abandoned, nor should possibilities of 'futurible' terrestrial visitors. While cautioning against seeing UFOs everywhere, the analysis suggests that the concepts discussed support the possibility of extraterrestrial visitation, and even 'own visits' from future selves. The author expresses surprise that prominent physicists still consider exceeding the speed of light 'IMPOSSIBLE,' comparing it to a monkey's inability to comprehend a helicopter. The piece ends with a call for readers to send in their observation clippings.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the exploration of UFO phenomena, the theoretical underpinnings in physics that might explain them, and the differentiation of known aerial objects from the unknown. The editorial stance appears to be open-minded and speculative regarding the extraterrestrial hypothesis, while also grounded in scientific inquiry and the need for empirical evidence. The publication encourages readers to consider unconventional ideas and to contribute their own observations, fostering a sense of active participation in the investigation of these mysteries.

This issue of "Investigación" focuses on two main topics: the visual detection and identification of high-altitude balloons, often mistaken for Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), and the construction of an experimental 'lie detector' device. The magazine explores the characteristics of these balloons, how they are observed, and provides a list of past sightings that were later attributed to balloons.

Balloon Studies and Visual Detection

The article begins by discussing ambitious balloon study projects like GHOST (American) and EOLE (French), highlighting their types: medium-life (7-14 days) and long-life (600 days). It cites examples of impressive flights, such as a balloon that completed 8 world circuits and another that flew for 744 days at 36 km altitude.

Detecting Balloons Visually

At Night: Detection is limited to balloons with their own light. Otherwise, observation is possible during twilight when the observer is in shadow but the balloon is illuminated by direct sunlight, making it visible through reflection. This requires the balloon to be at high altitudes and of considerable size.

During Daylight: Locating balloons is more challenging due to the angle of light reflection, which can distort the balloon's perceived shape. The article explains three scenarios based on the sun's position relative to the balloon:

• Inferior Illumination: Sun's rays are below the balloon's horizon. The observer sees a dark area with sharp contours, appearing as faint flashes. The object may seem like a flat disk with a slight conical protuberance.
• Horizontal Illumination: Sun's rays are parallel to the balloon's horizon. The balloon loses its spherical appearance, showing only the illuminated part clearly. It appears as an ovoid, lenticular shape with a flat base.
• Superior Illumination: Sun's rays are above the balloon's horizon. Little light is reflected towards the observer, resulting in a pale, featureless object with indistinct contours, appearing circular or oval.

Distortions can occur if the balloon's envelope wrinkles or deforms. The observer's perspective and the balloon's movement (ascending or descending) also influence the perceived shape. Rapid changes in shape and apparent violent rotation can occur if the balloon enters a jet stream.

Misidentified UAP as Balloons

A list of sightings initially reported as UAP but identified as weather balloons is provided. This list includes dates, locations in Spain, and brief descriptions:

• May 13, 1968: Various locations in Spain.
• September 4, 1968: Various locations in Spain, possibly the same balloon seen on September 5-6.
• June 26, 1969: Recovered near Murillo de Leza (Logroño).
• October 2, 1968: Near Oviedo Airport.
• August 13, 1969: Province of Gerona.
• September 26, 1969: Sierra de Urbasa (Navarra).
• September 26, 1969 (18:15): San Feliu de Guixols (Gerona).
• September 26, 1969 (afternoon): Barcelona.
• October 2, 1969 (morning): Gerona and Province.
• May 31, 1970 (16:00): Santander and Province.
• May 17, 1972 (dawn): El Ferrol (La Coruña).
• September 12, 1973: Alabiul de la Torre.
• March 28, 1974: Archena (Murcia).
• August 5, 1975 (various): Jerez del Marquesado (Granada), Almería, Murcia, and province.
• September 17, 1976 (20:15): Seo de Urgel (Lérida).
• June 23, 1978: Horcajada de la Torre, Archena, and Albacete.
• July 20, 1978 (19:30): Archena (Murcia).
• July 20, 1978 (21:30): Horcajada de la Torre.
• July 21, 1978 (18:30): Albacete.
• August 10, 1978 (21:00): Province of Alicante and Murcia.
• August 20, 1978 (21:00): Torrente (Valencia).
• September 15, 1978 (20:10): San Sebastian (Guipuzcoa).
• November 14, 1978 (17:30): Madrid.
• August 28, 1979 (morning): Sevilla.
• August 31, 1979: Bermejos (Sevilla).
• July 1, 1979 (20:15): Seo de Urgel (Lérida).
• July 20, 1979: Palma de Mallorca.

Analysis of Balloon Sightings

Hourly Distribution: Most sightings occurred in the afternoon, with an average time of 19:41. The peak times are around sunset and sunrise, with sunset being more common due to more observers.

Monthly Distribution: Sightings were most frequent in summer (13 cases) and autumn (10 cases), with fewer in spring (4 cases) and none in winter. August (6 cases) and September (7 cases) had the highest numbers, coinciding with balloon launch programs.

Geographical Distribution: The distribution is largely random, with a slight tendency towards the south-southeast and south of Spain. The Catalan region also showed a moderate number of sightings. No specific zone was found to be particularly prone to sightings, though the Levantine coast might have more possibilities due to balloons entering Spanish airspace from Trapani.

General Considerations: Balloons can remain static for hours due to losing gas and reaching equilibrium, or due to ice formation. They generally have rounded shapes and lack trails. Their observation time is long unless they explode or burn. In daylight, they appear translucent, white, or silver. Their trajectory is usually rectilinear or slightly parabolic, with ascending or descending components. Maximum speeds can reach 400 km/h in jet streams.

Case Studies of Balloon Sightings

Three specific cases from a balloon launch in Sicily (Italy) as part of the Transmediterranean Flights research program are detailed:

1. July 20, 1978, 19:30, Archena (Murcia): Described as slightly orange, emitting strong luminosity, with an ellipsoidal triangle shape and a dome-like upper part. Its trajectory was parabolic, and it became stationary before disappearing. The orange color was attributed to sunset reflection.
2. July 20, 1978, 21:30, Horcajada de la Torre (Cuenca): Initially described as orange, it changed to white, then pink, and finally red. It appeared to have its own light, seemed fixed, then moved, changing color and size. The color change was attributed to solar reflections, and the size decrease to the balloon moving away.
3. July 21, 1978, approx. 22:00, Albacete: Described as having a neon lamp-like color with brighter contours, and a halo. Its size was about four times that of Venus. It moved smoothly, appeared to balance, and then turned red and smaller when two F-1 planes appeared. A witness described it as made of transparent plastic.

These three sightings, when plotted on a map, form a straight line (an 'ortotenia'), extending 240 km. This alignment is logical given the balloon's generally rectilinear or parabolic trajectory. The balloon eventually fell between Montánchez and Aldea del Cano in Cáceres.

Experimental Lie Detector

"DETECTOR DE MENTIRAS" (Lie Detector)

This section presents the construction of an electronic circuit designed to detect lies by measuring skin resistance. The device is described as economical, reliable, and suitable for corroborating witness accounts of unusual events.

Principle of Operation: The detector is based on the principle that skin resistance decreases during emotional agitation or lying. It uses a non-linear ohmmeter circuit sensitive to relative resistance changes.

Components and Circuit: The circuit uses two transistors (NPN-PNP), potentiometers for polarization (5 KΩ) and sensitivity (25 KΩ), and copper electrodes attached to the subject's fingertips. The potentiometers are adjusted when the subject is calm. When the subject lies, their skin resistance decreases, increasing the current to the second transistor, which drives a milliammeter needle to indicate the lie.

Construction Details: The circuit can be powered by a 9V battery. The article provides a list of components, including resistors, transistors (SC147, SC157, or BC548/BC557), a Zener diode (4.7V), and a milliammeter.

Practical Realization: The circuit can be built on a printed circuit board (uniprint). The article includes diagrams for the electrical schematic (Figure 1) and the printed circuit board layout (Figure 4). It notes that the transistors are not critical components.

Second Version: Integrated Circuit Detector (741)

A second version of the lie detector is presented, using an operational amplifier (741). This design is described as completely symmetrical, requiring two batteries. It offers high sensitivity, with a total amplification of 250,000. A tandem potentiometer (500K) allows adjustment of amplification, and a 100K potentiometer adjusts the sensitivity of the measuring instrument.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores phenomena that challenge conventional understanding, particularly UAP and related anecdotal evidence. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical investigation, seeking rational explanations for reported events, as evidenced by the detailed analysis of balloon sightings. The inclusion of a 'lie detector' project suggests an interest in verifying the authenticity of witness testimonies within the field of paranormal research. The publication also promotes its own series of recommended books and publications related to Ufology.

This document is page 49 of a magazine titled 'investigación'. The primary content on this page is a detailed technical schematic diagram of an electronic device, accompanied by a list of its components. The page also features a prominent advertisement and contact information for an organization.

Electronic Device Schematic and Components

The central feature of the page is a schematic diagram labeled 'Fig.5- Esquema eléctrico del dispositivo.' The diagram illustrates an electronic circuit built around two 741 operational amplifiers. It includes various components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, and a microammeter. The circuit appears to be designed for measurement or signal processing, indicated by the microammeter scale of 100-0-100µA.

Following the schematic is a section titled 'Componentes' which provides a detailed list of parts needed to construct the device. This list is intended for acquisition from specialized electrical and electronic commerce.

Component Breakdown:

• Resistencias (Resistors):
• 3 resistors of 47KΩ
• 2 resistors of 470KΩ
• 4 resistors of 1KΩ
• All resistors are specified as 1/4 W, 5% tolerance, carbon composition.

• Potenciómetros (Potentiometers):
• Linear variation potentiometer of 100KΩ
• Adjustment potentiometer (Pontec.) of 100KΩ
• Logarithmic variation tandem potentiometer (Pontec.) of 500KΩ

• Condensadores (Capacitors):
• 1 capacitor of 0.1µF, polyester, 160V.

• Diodos (Diodes):
• 2 diodes of type 1N4148.

• I.C. (Integrated Circuits):
• I.C.1 and I.C.2 are specified as operational amplifier circuits, dual-in-line package.

• Microamperímetro (Microammeter):
• Scale: 100-0-100µA.

• Alimentación (Power Supply):
• 2 x 9V batteries (Pila 1, Pila 2).

• Varios (Miscellaneous):
• 1 printed circuit board (placa unipirnt) with 2.54mm spacing.
• Electrodes: two small copper discs.
• Connecting wire, etc.

The article is attributed to Rafael Huerta Cofiño.

Advertisement and Organization Information

Below the technical content, there is a large advertisement in Spanish that reads: 'la publicidad directa es la mas efectiva' (Direct advertising is the most effective).

At the bottom of the page, contact information is provided for 'CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS INTERPLANETARIOS' (Center for Interplanetary Studies). Their address is Balmes, 86, entl.º 2.ª, Barcelona - 8 (España), and their telephone number is (93) 215 87 96. This suggests the magazine is associated with or published by this organization.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The primary theme on this page is practical electronics and DIY projects, evidenced by the detailed schematic and component list. The magazine appears to cater to an audience interested in technical subjects, possibly related to scientific investigation or hobbyist electronics. The presence of the 'Centro de Estudios Interplanerarios' suggests a potential focus on space, science, or related technological fields, although this specific page is purely technical in its main content. The advertisement for direct advertising indicates a commercial aspect to the publication or its distribution.