Stendek - Vol 09 No 32 - June 1978

Magazine Overview

STENDEK, Servicio Informativo C.E.I., Issue No. 32, Volume IX, dated June 1978. This quarterly publication from the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI) is dedicated to the study of UFO phenomena. The issue features a comprehensive report on a multiple UFO observation case that occurred on December 20, 1976, across various locations in the Iberian Peninsula, along with other related articles and reviews.

Editorial: Encounters in the Third Kind: Discussion of the Possible Sociological Effects of the Film

By Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos

The editorial reflects on the potential impact of Steven Spielberg's film 'Close Encounters of the Third Kind' on the public and UFO research. Olmos expresses concern that future UFO waves might incorporate elements from the film, leading to artificial sightings lacking the physical characteristics of genuine UFO activity. He urges UFO researchers to view the film, noting details that were not previously public knowledge, and to use its release dates as a reference point for subsequent observation waves. While acknowledging the possibility of increased false sightings, he also suggests a potential positive outcome: the film might reduce societal indifference or aversion towards the UFO phenomenon by portraying extraterrestrials as friendly and super-intelligent, thus fostering a more sympathetic climate towards witnesses.

Report on a Multiple Case: 29.XII.1976

By Fermín Sanchez de Medina, from CEI

This extensive report details a series of UFO sightings that occurred simultaneously on December 20, 1976, across southern Spain. The author compiles information from various sources, primarily press reports, due to a lack of local investigators. The report outlines observations in:

• Valencia and surrounding areas: A globular object of intense yellow-red color with a dominant green trail, moving at high speed, observed around 1:50 AM.
• Logroño and Falces: The landing of an unidentified object, accompanied by an observation in Falces approximately 40 km away.
• Talavera de la Reina: An object maneuvered in the air around a car, observed by multiple people.
• Orce (Granada): Three people observed a flying object on January 1, 1977, with an aspect consistent with the December 29th sightings, suggesting a connection.

The report then meticulously lists details for each sighting, including time, direction, duration, number of witnesses, speed, description, and other data, from locations such as Sueca, Sollana (Valencia), Gandía (Alicante), Cartagena (Murcia), Lorca (Murcia), Murcia, Puerto Lumbreras (Murcia), TAHAL (Almería), Huescar (Granada), Almería, Melilla, Málaga, Marbella (Málaga), and Algeciras (Cádiz).

Key characteristics reported include: globular, round, disc-shaped, triangular, conical, and elongated objects; colors such as yellow-red, green, blue-green, red, violet, white, orange, and yellow-green; speeds described as enormous or rapid; and altitudes estimated to be high. Some incidents involved physical trace evidence like circular footprints, and electromagnetic effects such as engine failure in witness vehicles.

Sanchez de Medina analyzes the data, suggesting that the object(s) moved at a high altitude in a NE-SO direction. He notes discrepancies in reported times but estimates the event occurred between 1:50 AM and 2:10 AM. The duration of the sightings was generally very short.

Additional Case Details and Analysis

The article delves deeper into specific cases:

• Lorca: The author personally interviewed waste collection workers, noting differences in their accounts but concluding that a large red ball with a green trail crossed the sky. He emphasizes the need for subjective interpretation of witness data.
• Marbella: An English astronomer reportedly observed the phenomenon, but a detailed description was not yet available for publication.
• Granada: The author notes a curious lack of observations in Granada, except for the Huéscar case, and speculates about potential military cover-ups, referencing a press note stating that military bases (S. Javier and Alcantarilla) saw nothing, which he deems "obviously false."
• Arrubal (Logroño) and Falces: The case investigated by D. José Luis Guillerma is mentioned, involving an object described as large, round, and yellow, with yellow glows and a green trail, moving from East to West. This sighting is linked to the broader event.
• Talavera de la Reina: This case, studied by D. Antonio Rodriguez Santamaría, involved D. Pedro Luis Blázquez and his wife. Their car stalled and lights went out when a luminous object, initially with a red and yellow trail that turned green, stopped in front of them. The object, described as elongated and luminous, hovered for about 5 minutes before extending its trail and departing rapidly to the South. The object was estimated to be about 300 meters high and 300-500 meters away. The engine failure occurred when the object stopped. A curious detail mentioned is a rabbit that remained calm nearby.
• Another witness near Talavera: D. Gerónimo Ventura Ramos, a taxi driver, reported seeing a luminous object of circular, oblong shape, intensely red with a luminous green trail, moving at high speed from North to South. His taxi's engine and lights failed when the object passed overhead. He felt cold and chills.
• Club 'Las Ruedas': Two waitresses at this club observed the phenomenon, describing it as a "strange thing of red, green, and yellow color, which passed at great speed." They also noted a temporary power loss from their generator.
• Another taxi driver in Talavera: D. Julián de Blas Rubio observed a bright white body with a light blue trail, moving at high speed.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the detailed reporting and analysis of multiple UFO sightings, the characteristics of reported objects, and the potential impact of these phenomena on witnesses and society. The magazine adopts a serious, investigative stance, aiming to collect and interpret data related to UFO events. The editorial stance, as expressed by Vicente Juan Ballester Olmos, is one of cautious optimism regarding the potential for increased public awareness and acceptance of the UFO phenomenon, while also warning against the contamination of genuine sightings with fictional elements from popular culture like 'Close Encounters of the Third Kind'. The publication emphasizes the importance of rigorous investigation and data collection, even when dealing with subjective witness accounts.

This issue of UFO magazine, dated March 1978, features a prominent article titled "rapto en Stanford" by Barry J. Greenwood, detailing a significant close encounter and alleged abduction case in Stanford, Kentucky, USA. The magazine also includes reports of other UFO sightings from Spain and Algeria, and a case of a pursued automobile in Valencia, Spain.

The Stanford Abduction Case

The main article focuses on the events of January 6, 1976, involving Louise Smith (44), Mona Stafford, and Elaine Thomas (48). After a birthday celebration, while driving near Stanford, Kentucky, they encountered a large, metallic gray object with a dome and red lights. The object hovered, rotated, and appeared to follow their car. Their vehicle then accelerated uncontrollably, and they experienced a "time lapse" of 80 minutes, during which they had no memory of their actions.

Upon returning home, the women experienced physical symptoms, including eye pain, headaches, and red marks on their bodies, particularly on their necks. The car also showed signs of extreme heat exposure, with bubbling paint and oxidation.

To uncover details of the missing time, Dr. R. Leo Sprinkle conducted hypnotic regression sessions with the witnesses. During these sessions, they recalled being inside a hot, dark space, being examined by humanoids. The humanoids were described as 4.5 feet tall, with gray skin, wearing dark suits and hoods. They performed physical examinations, causing pain and discomfort.

A polygraph test conducted by detective James C. Young concluded that the women genuinely believed they had experienced an encounter, although he noted their prior interviews with UFO researchers.

Other Sightings and Incidents

Carmona, Spain

An earlier incident from November 1975 in Carmona, Spain, is described, where six witnesses observed a small luminous object with a tail, moving at high speed. The witness, Mr. de Blas, estimated its height at about 100 meters.

Multiple Sightings in Spain and Portugal

The magazine also references a phenomenon observed on the night of January 1, 1977, involving three witnesses in Lorca (Murcia) and Orce (Granada). They saw an object with red and violet lights at the front and green and blue lights at the rear, which rotated. The object was estimated to be about 4 meters in size.

Another sighting from Lisbon, Portugal, on September 7, 1946, describes mysterious lights crossing the sky rapidly, leaving a greenish trail. Similar phenomena were reported in Casablanca and Algeria around the same period, described as "fireballs" with flame trails.

Pursued Automobile in Valencia, Spain

An article by W. Smith, M. Guasp, and V.J. Ballester Olmos details an encounter between a family in a car and a UFO between Villamarchante and Chiva, Valencia. The family, consisting of parents and three daughters, reported an object that approached their car, affected its electrical systems, and caused physiological alterations in one of the daughters.

Analysis and Conclusions

Thematic Grouping of Phenomena

The author suggests grouping UFO sightings based on similar characteristics (isomorphic phenomena) rather than just location. This approach aims to identify common patterns in UAP behavior and characteristics.

The Nature of Abductions

Barry Greenwood posits that abductions are often complex and painful physical examinations, possibly for cataloging human types, akin to how humans study animals. He cites the case of Jose Antonio da Silva in Brazil as an example.

Research Collaboration and Challenges

The issue highlights the challenges in UFO research, including the potential for conflicting investigations between different groups, which can cast doubt on significant sightings. The article also touches upon the increasing acceptance of UFO phenomena and the potential for more reports to emerge.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of UFO magazine strongly emphasizes detailed case studies of alleged alien abductions and close encounters, particularly the Stanford case. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation into these phenomena, presenting witness testimonies, expert analysis (including hypnotic regression and polygraph tests), and attempts to correlate sightings across different locations and time periods. The magazine aims to legitimize UFO research by presenting seemingly credible evidence and analysis, while also acknowledging the difficulties and potential for misinterpretation in the field. The recurring theme is the persistent and often disturbing nature of UFO encounters, their potential impact on witnesses, and the ongoing effort to understand their underlying causes and implications.

This issue of Stendek, dated May 1978, focuses on UFO phenomena, detailing specific incidents and the work of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI).

The Serena Family Incident (February 22, 1977)

The main article recounts a remarkable UFO encounter experienced by the Serena family (Antonio, his wife Doña Francisca, and their three daughters Carmen, Antonia, and Paquita) on the night of February 22, 1977, while driving from Villas del Arzobispo to Chiva in Valencia, Spain. The family, returning from visiting friends, decided to take the main road via Casinos and Liria due to the nocturnal journey. Approximately nine and a half kilometers after leaving Villas del Arzobispo, the mother noticed a strange light in the sky that caught her attention. Initially thought to be an airplane, the light persisted and its intense white luminescence did not resemble aircraft lights. The object appeared to be following them. As they approached Liria, the light disappeared briefly but reappeared as they left the town, seeming larger and closer. The object continued to follow their Seat 1430 car for about five kilometers, leading the family to believe it was pursuing them.

As they neared Villamarchante, the object was perceived as a luminous entity that seemed to be pursuing them. The family became increasingly anxious. The car began to malfunction, with the headlights and taillights failing, and the vehicle 'sticking' to the ground as if the object's light was draining the battery. The daughters became frightened, crying and urging their father to drive faster. The object, described as having an oval shape like a "very large tray" and emitting intense light, moved from side to side above the car. Carmen, the eldest daughter, experienced severe discomfort, including nausea and stomach pain, and had to vomit. The object then descended, and Carmen reported hearing a loud noise like machinery or a distant train. The object hovered about seven to eight meters above the car, projecting intense yellow light. A second car passed by, and shortly after, the UFO moved away, reappearing when the second car was out of sight. The incident concluded as the object moved towards the south.

After reaching home, Antonio Serena checked the rooftop but could not see the object. The incident had a profound effect on the family; the daughters had nightmares, and Carmen experienced lingering physical and psychological distress, requiring medical attention. The car's ignition system failed the next day due to insufficient battery charge, and it never functioned as perfectly as before.

Physiological and Electromagnetic Effects

The report details significant physiological and electromagnetic effects associated with the sighting. The family experienced intense fear and nervousness. Antonio suffered from cold sweats, while his wife and daughters felt "frozen." Carmen, in particular, felt unwell, with muscle cramps in her feet and stomach pains. Paquita, the youngest, was so traumatized that months later, she still cried when recalling the image of the UFO. The car's electrical system was severely affected, with the battery draining completely and the ignition failing. The radio's sound quality deteriorated to the point of inaudibility.

Other Possible Cases in the Area

The article mentions that during their investigation, they learned of other individuals in the Chiva area who had observed strange aerial phenomena around the same time, suggesting a possible localized 'flap'. These included a Guardia Civil lieutenant and a druggist.

Epilogue

The authors conclude that the Serena family case is highly credible, ruling out simple confusion. They emphasize the object's persistent focus on the family's car, differentiating it from casual observations. The movements of the UFO are noted as representing a significant aspect of the case.

UFO Incident in Mexico (April 9, 1977)

Another case reported is from Mexico, involving Victor Castorena Guerrero and Pablo Mújica Garcia, employees of a real estate company. While driving near Topilejo, Morelos, on April 9, 1977, they observed an elliptical, sky-blue object approaching from the southwest. The object emitted a bright blue ray that struck a tree, instantly freezing it and a four-square-meter area around it. The ray disappeared as quickly as it appeared, leaving behind a sculpture of ice in the shape of the plants and foliage. The witnesses collected pieces of the frozen material, which were later shown to the press and television.

Characteristics of the Topilejo Object

The UFO observed in Topilejo was described as ellipsoidal, with a diameter of approximately 20 meters. It moved on a southwest-to-northeast trajectory. Mújica reported hearing a buzzing sound when the object passed overhead, which Castorena did not hear, possibly mistaking it for road noise. The case is classified as Type I (according to Vallée) or a close encounter of the second kind (according to Hynek).

The CEI and STENDEK: A Decade of Effort

The latter part of the magazine details the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI) and its publication, STENDEK. Founded in October 1957, the CEI is dedicated to the scientific study of UFOs. After a reorganization in 1968, it established its current headquarters in Barcelona. The CEI is governed by a Board of Directors and has developed a comprehensive UFO archive, considered the most extensive in Spain. This archive forms the basis of the CATIB (Iberian Catalog), which includes 2,500 observations from the Iberian Peninsula.

The CEI's archive is divided into two main parts: the main archive and a specialized library. The archive includes sections on Iberian observations, photographic archives, contact cases, false cases, world-wide cases, and specific topics like UMMO, Charles Fort, and propulsion. The specialized library contains 306 volumes directly related to UFOs and their implications, with publications from various countries, as well as 80 volumes of UFO magazines.

The magazine STENDEK, the CEI's informative organ, was created in 1970 to disseminate research findings. It features contributions from the CEI and other Spanish UFO research groups, as well as international researchers. STENDEK aims to be a non-profit publication, with its revenue used to ensure its continued operation and improvement. The magazine has a stable readership of approximately 1,200 subscribers and is published quarterly.

The CEI also plans to establish a "Panel of Scientific Advisors" composed of experts from various scientific fields to provide assistance with research. They are also seeking collaboration from readers, including field investigations, press clippings, and reports of observations. The CEI is also working on publishing a summary of the first fifteen issues of STENDEK and has published the proceedings of the First National Congress of Ufology.

The issue concludes with a statement from Pere Redón, Secretary General of the CEI and Director of STENDEK, reflecting on the first ten years of the CEI's second phase and thanking collaborators for their invaluable support. The publication aims to continue its serious, scientific, and non-profit research into unidentified phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are detailed UFO sightings with physical and electromagnetic effects, the importance of rigorous investigation and documentation, and the role of dedicated organizations like the CEI in advancing the study of UFO phenomena. The editorial stance is one of serious scientific inquiry, emphasizing the credibility of well-documented cases and the need for continued research into unidentified aerial phenomena.

This issue of OVNI-GUIA, dated November 1977, focuses on significant UFO and UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) events, with a particular emphasis on physical evidence and witness testimony. The magazine presents detailed accounts of sightings, alleged landings, and the scientific and official responses to these phenomena.

The Cuernavaca Ice Case

The issue begins by discussing a peculiar case in Cuernavaca, Mexico, where ice of unknown origin was found. Despite attempts to analyze this ice in various private laboratories and at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the results were consistently negative, with institutions claiming an inability to perform the necessary analyses. The article highlights the scientific community's reluctance to engage with phenomena labeled as 'OVNI' (UFO), suggesting an 'ostrich attitude' towards accepting extraterrestrial possibilities. The ice was described as having no strange taste and causing no adverse effects on those who consumed it. The article posits that such events might be a form of 'OVNI SHOW' intended to prove their existence.

Testimonies from Cuernavaca

Two individuals, Victor Castorena Guerrero and Pablo Mújica García, are presented as credible witnesses. Castorena, a real estate manager, and Mújica, a sales agent, reportedly witnessed an event involving ice. They were described as serious, responsible individuals not prone to UFO literature. They wished for the ice to be analyzed to determine if it contained any extraterrestrial elements. The article notes that their experience was accidentally made public and that they did not seek personal gain from it. Despite the public disclosure, they faced no repercussions at work or from their families. The press quickly forgot the case, and scientific media remained hermetic.

The 1977 Mini-Oleada in Mexico

Fernando Tellez Pareja, from C.E.I. in Mexico, reports on the 'Mini-Oleada' of UFO sightings in Mexico during 1977. The article highlights two significant cases: the OVNI of Topilejo in Morelos, where an object allegedly froze a tree and a patch of land, and a widespread 'pocket oleada' on July 29, 1977, that affected practically the entire country. This latter event involved numerous observations from all cardinal directions. Professional cameramen reportedly captured footage of three typical 'Foo-Fighters' over the eastern part of the Federal District. The news of a possible OVNI crash in the Sierra de Puebla also generated significant media attention, boosting newspaper sales.

Eyewitness Accounts from Mexico City

On July 29, 1977, at 6 a.m., the morning television news program 'Hoy mismo' reported UFO sightings in the Federal District, initially dismissed as potential mass hysteria. However, after an international congress, UFOs gained broader public awareness. An attempt to verify radar data at the international airport yielded a negative response, with air traffic control stating they had detected nothing despite numerous calls reporting sightings.

An eyewitness, geological engineer Carlos Tejeda Galicia, accompanied by his brother, reported seeing two brilliant, fast-moving objects, described as silver spheres with luminous trails, moving from South to North over the National Sports Palace. The event lasted about 45 seconds. Other witnesses, including about 400 people gathered at the Sports Palace, also observed the objects. The objects disappeared in the direction of the airport, where twenty mechanics and a former airline commander reportedly saw six OVNIs with similar characteristics. Other reports from different parts of Mexico City corroborated these sightings.

Official Reports

Official records from two institutions documented the influx of UFOs. RAMSA (Radio Aeronáutica Mexicana S.A.), a government entity responsible for air traffic control, reported a 'crossing of luminous objects traveling from East to North' in Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, on July 29th at 8 a.m. Aeroméxico's Operations Department in Zihuatanejo also reported, via cable, that a radio operator observed 'THREE OVNIS direction north to south approximately at 16,000 feet altitude.' The description included a large, bright mass with two smaller masses, appearing to 'try to stop it.' The larger mass reportedly broke into four parts without losing its size, leaving a wide luminous trail.

Professional Film of UFOs

A 35mm color film with a 250mm zoom lens captured the passage of three 'igneous, silver spheres' with luminous trails. The 29-second film, which the magazine's author viewed, showed three typical 'Foo-Fighters' in pursuit, overtaking each other at fantastic speeds. The film crew was reportedly from the production of the movie 'Picardía Mexicana.' The article dismisses theories that the film was a publicity stunt for the movie, arguing that it would require the complicity of numerous witnesses.

The Fallen OVNI in Puebla

The news of an OVNI crash in the Sierra de Puebla had caused a 'true furor' bordering on psychosis. Investigations led by a team from the magazine 'CONTACTOS EXTRATERRESTRES' revealed that numerous towns in Puebla and Tlaxcala claimed to be near the alleged 'apparatus.' Most inhabitants reported seeing three red spheres moving at high speed on July 29th between 6:00 and 6:03 a.m., after which they disappeared southwards. A few minutes later, a loud explosion was heard, causing the earth to vibrate. However, no one reported seeing the object fall or finding any wreckage.

Analysis and Commentary

The article suggests that the Puebla OVNI incident is largely based on rumor and has become a myth. It concludes that the object did not fall in the Sierra de Puebla and speculates that the explosion might have been similar to an event over Buenos Aires in 1973, where an object reportedly exploded in mid-air, causing sonic shockwaves and broken glass, without any fragments being found. It posits that the object might have disintegrated in the air.

The Delphos, Kansas Landing Case

The special dossier focuses on the Delphos, Kansas landing case of November 2, 1971, investigated by Ted Phillips, described as the foremost specialist in UFO landing traces. Phillips has accumulated over 600 reports and directed numerous investigations since 1969. He is also a director of MUFON and a collaborator with the 'Center for UFO Studies.'

Witness Account: Ronald Johnson

Ronald Johnson, 16 years old, was tending sheep on his family's farm near Delphos when, around 7 p.m., he heard a humming sound and saw a bright, multicolor object descend. The object, estimated to be about 3 meters in diameter and 10 feet high, hovered about 60 cm above the ground. It emitted lights of blue, red, and orange. The sheep became agitated, while Ronald's dog remained calm. The object emitted a noise like 'an old washing machine' with vibrations. After several minutes, it ascended rapidly, emitting a noise like a jet engine, and Ronald was momentarily blinded by its brilliance.

Family Witness and Physical Traces

Ronald's parents, Durel and Erma Johnson, also witnessed a bright light in the sky to the South. They went to the location where the object had landed and found a circular trace on the ground that glowed in the dark. The soil within the circle was dry, while the surrounding area was muddy. A dead tree had been knocked over, and a branch on a living tree showed unusual damage, appearing brittle yet with green wood beneath the bark. The texture of the soil in the circle was described as crystallized. Touching the soil caused numbness in Erma Johnson's fingers and leg, and Durel Johnson also experienced numbness in his fingers. Erma Johnson reported being unable to take patients' pulses for 15 days due to the insensitivity of her fingers.

Official Investigation and Soil Sample

Sheriff Ralph Enlow, Deputy Sheriff Harlan Enlow, and Kenneth Yager of the Kansas Highway Patrol investigated the site. They photographed the trace and collected a soil sample from the dry circle. The sample was tested for radioactivity, yielding no particular results. The soil sample and photographs were stored at the Sheriff's office pending further investigation. A local resident, Lester Ernsbarger, also reported observing a bright light descending in the Delphos area the previous evening.

Ted Phillips' Investigation

Ted Phillips later visited the farm and interviewed Ronald Johnson. Phillips found Ronald to be sincere and not overly interested in UFOs or space travel, though he had read about the topic previously. Durel and Erma Johnson also confirmed seeing a bright object. Phillips noted that the ground in the area was muddy due to melting snow, but the circle remained visible. Upon attempting to pour water into the circle, it did not penetrate the soil, which was unusual given recent rainfall and snowfall. Phillips and Durel Johnson collected a soil sample from the ring, which contained a significant amount of a white substance absent from the surrounding soil.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the persistence of UFO phenomena, the challenges in obtaining scientific validation, the importance of credible eyewitness testimony, and the documentation of physical evidence. The magazine appears to adopt a stance of serious inquiry into UFOs, presenting detailed case studies and advocating for further investigation, while acknowledging the skepticism and lack of engagement from mainstream scientific and media circles. The editorial stance is one of presenting evidence and allowing readers to draw their own conclusions, while implicitly suggesting that these phenomena are real and warrant attention.

This issue of INFORESPACE, number 31, dated January 1977, focuses on the scientific investigation of UFO phenomena, particularly ground traces. The main article, "LA DEPURACION PRELIMINAR EN EL TRATAMIENTO CIENTIFICO DE LA INFORMACION REFERENTE A OVNIS" (Preliminary Depuration in the Scientific Treatment of Information Regarding UFOs) by Roberto E. Banchs, discusses the methodology for filtering and analyzing UFO reports. The issue also features a detailed case study of the Delphos, Kansas incident from November 2, 1971, including extensive soil analysis and comparisons with other similar cases worldwide.

The Delphos, Kansas Case Study

The primary focus of the magazine is the examination of a UFO landing trace in Delphos, Kansas, observed on November 2, 1971. The report details the observations made by Sheriff Enlow and investigator Ted Phillips. The site featured a circular dry patch of earth, approximately 30cm deep, with unusual properties. A nearby tree was found broken, with evidence suggesting it was snapped by an object. The soil within the circle was exceptionally dry, even after a month, and exhibited a different texture and water absorption capacity compared to the surrounding terrain. Samples taken from the site underwent extensive analysis by various laboratories over a four-year period.

Scientific Analysis of Soil Samples

Multiple laboratories, including the Utah State University Experimental Station and Northwestern University, conducted analyses on soil samples from the Delphos ring and control samples. Key findings included:

• Differentiation: The soil from the ring was distinctly different from the control samples.
• Calcium Content: Samples from the ring contained 5 to 10 times more calcium than the control samples.
• Water Absorption: The ring soil was hydrophobic, repelling water, while normal soil absorbed it.
• Mineral Content: Elevated levels of magnesium, manganese, lead, boron, tin, and chromium were found in the ring soil, though calcium was the most significant difference.
• Ash Content: The ash percentage of the ring soil was 83.7%, compared to 91.7% in the reference sample.
• Substance Analysis: A white substance found on the ring was identified as a water-soluble inorganic compound. Spectroscopic analysis suggested it might have been a hydrogenocarbonated substance vaporized at high temperatures.
• Microscopic Examination: Particles in the ring soil showed a crystalline structure with unique properties, distinct from known formations.
• Germination: Plant growth was significantly inhibited in the ring soil.

Witness Testimony and Investigation

Witnesses, including Ronald Johnson and his family, provided accounts of a large, bright object descending from the sky. Sheriff Enlow provided a sworn statement attesting to the credibility of the Johnson family, who were long-time residents of Delphos and well-respected. Journalist Thaddia Smith of the "Delphos Republican" also confirmed the details of the investigation and the witnesses' accounts. Ted Phillips conducted multiple visits to the site and interviewed witnesses, including a second visit 72 days after the initial event to re-examine the trace.

Comparison with Other Cases

The article draws parallels between the Delphos incident and other UFO ground trace cases reported globally:

• Tucumán, Argentina (1963): Two burnt rings were found, with vegetation and roots burned to a depth of 10cm, and a white powdery substance was collected.
• Standoff, Alberta, Canada (1968): An oval-shaped object was observed to land, leaving burned vegetation up to 90cm deep in circular areas.
• Boggabri, Australia (1970): Unusual circular depressions were found in a field, with hardened walls and a white substance discovered within.
• Waihoke, New Zealand (1965): A ring of 30cm width and 2.40m diameter was found in a sheep enclosure, where all vegetation had disappeared and the soil remained bare for four years.

These comparisons highlight recurring features in UFO ground trace phenomena, suggesting a consistent pattern of interaction with the environment.

Scientific Methodology for UFO Information Processing

Roberto E. Banchs' article outlines a preliminary depuration process for handling the large volume of UFO-related news. The goal is to filter out misinterpretations of natural phenomena or man-made objects to isolate genuine UFO cases. This involves a systematic classification based on conventional phenomena that commonly cause misidentifications, such as satellites, weather balloons, meteors, planets, stars, airplanes, and helicopters. A coding system is proposed to quantify the characteristics of reported sightings, allowing for the suppression of non-significant cases and the identification of potentially significant ones. The process aims to achieve a higher level of objectivity in UFO research.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly emphasizes a scientific and analytical approach to UFO phenomena. The editorial stance favors rigorous investigation, detailed data collection, and comparative analysis of cases. The extensive soil analysis in the Delphos case underscores the importance of physical evidence and scientific scrutiny. The comparison with other international cases suggests a global pattern of UFO activity that warrants continued research. The magazine promotes the idea that UFOs, while often associated with misinterpretations, may represent a genuine, albeit poorly understood, phenomenon that requires systematic study. The publication itself, "INFORESPACE," appears to be a specialized journal dedicated to ufology, with contributions from various researchers and organizations like CEI and MUFON.

This issue of "Investigación" (Volume XXI, Issue 45, November 1977) focuses on the scientific investigation of UFO phenomena, featuring book reviews, articles on research methodologies, and historical case studies. The publication emphasizes a rigorous, evidence-based approach to understanding the complex nature of UFOs.

Articles and Reviews

Book Reviews:

• "La chronique des OVNI" by Michel Bougard: This book is described as a valuable tool for historians and students of modern UFO casuistry. It meticulously traces the history of the UFO phenomenon from prehistoric times through the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Industrial Revolution, and into the contemporary era, culminating in the 1947 wave. The review highlights Bougard's extensive documentation and its contribution to specialized literature.

• "La fenomenología humanoide en la Argentina" by Roberto E. Banchs: This is a brief 60-page study statistically analyzing 22 UFO cases involving supposed occupants, published by the Servicio de Investigaciones Ufológicas in Argentina.

• "The UFO Enigma" by Marcia S. Smith: This report from the U.S. Congress provides an introduction to various aspects of the UFO phenomenon, including its definition, classification, witness credibility, hypotheses, and selected case descriptions. It also briefly covers the U.S. Air Force's involvement and prominent U.S. UFO organizations.

• "Ces OVNI qui annoncent le surhomme" by Pierre Vieroudy: This book is divided into three parts, addressing the problem's fundamentals (object forms, materiality, phenomenon behavior, appearance mechanisms), the psychological aspects of witnesses, and personal experiences attempting to induce UFO phenomena. It also proposes instrumental methods for analyzing light emitted by UFOs and discusses the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH).

Literary Criticism:

• "OVNIS: EL FENOMENO ATERRIZAJE" by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos: Reviewed by Francesco Izzo, this book is praised for its rigorous scientific approach to UFO landing cases. It includes unpublished reports from the Iberian Peninsula and detailed analysis of the 1968-1969 wave, with specific attention to incidents in Ucero, Pontejos, and Matadepera. The review notes the author's exploration of physical traces, humanoids, and witnesses, emphasizing that the pattern of such events is consistent across different countries.
• The book's structure covers the "hardware" of UFO studies, the challenge of integrating scientific inquiry with the phenomenon, and the analysis of landing cases. It discusses the relationship between UFOs and witnesses, the concept of "cybernetic" intelligence, and the potential role of the subconscious and unconscious.
• Ballester Olmos's work is seen as a significant contribution to understanding the phenomenon, particularly in Spain, and is recommended for its erudition and presentation.

Articles:

• "Essai de classification des apparitions et disparitions sur place" by Jacques Scornaux: Published in Lumieres Dans La Nuit (LDLN), Vol. XX, No. 170.

• "Bilan d'etude du phénomène OVNI dans le Mor-Bihan" by J.L. Brochard: Published in LDLN, Vol. XXI, No. 171.

• "Social Intelligence About Anomalies: The Case of UFOs" by Ronald Westrum: Published in Social Studies of Science, Vol. 7 (1977), this article examines UFOs from a sociological perspective.

• "Cattle Mutilations. An Epidose of Collective Delusion" by James R. Steward: This article, published in The Zetetic, suggests that cattle mutilations can be explained by the effects of small predators on naturally deceased animals, attributing the association with UFOs to collective hysteria. It references Roberta Donovan and Keith Wolverton's work as an opposing viewpoint.

• "Des spectres d'OVNI" by Pierre Viereudy: Published in LDLN, Vol XXI, No. 172, with a response by Michel Monnerie.

Profiles

Félix Ares de Blas:

This profile details the life and work of Félix Ares de Blas, born in Madrid in 1947. His early interest in UFOs led him to found a research group and later co-found ALEPH, which pioneered quantitative studies of the phenomenon in Spain. He collaborated with David G. López, and together they formed ERIDANI A.E.C. with the goal of unifying UFO research efforts in the peninsula. ERIDANI focused on developing joint methodologies and standardized questionnaires. After a disagreement within the group, Félix and David formed the CEI delegation in Madrid, which produced a comprehensive study of Spanish UFO cases from 1968-1969. Ares de Blas is a telecommunications engineer and works as a researcher at the UAM-IBM Madrid Scientific Center, collaborating on oceanographic research and directing a project involving communication between computers via radio waves.

Francesco Izzo:

Francesco Izzo, a recent biochemistry graduate, is the Managing Editor of the specialized journal UPIAR, UFO Phenomena International Annual Review. He is also noted as a contributor to the magazine "Stendek" and a member of the editorial board of UPIAR. He is the literary critic for the review of Ballester Olmos's book.

Editorial Stance and Themes

The magazine "Investigación" clearly advocates for a scientific and rigorous approach to UFO research. It emphasizes the importance of detailed analysis, evidence-based conclusions, and the integration of sociological and physical sciences in understanding the phenomenon. The publication aims to legitimize UFO studies by treating them with intellectual seriousness, moving beyond sensationalism. Recurring themes include the historical evolution of UFO sightings, the methodology of investigation, the classification of different types of UFO events (e.g., landing cases), and the role of witnesses and potential intelligent non-human factors.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The editorial stance of "Investigación" is firmly rooted in scientific methodology and critical analysis. The magazine consistently promotes a serious, evidence-based approach to the study of UFO phenomena, distinguishing itself from more speculative or sensationalist publications. Key themes that recur throughout the issue include:

• Scientific Rigor: The emphasis on applying scientific principles, statistical analysis, and critical evaluation to UFO reports is paramount. This is evident in the reviews of books that adopt a scholarly tone and in the profile of Félix Ares de Blas, whose work is characterized by a systematic and methodological approach.

• Historical Context: The magazine values understanding the UFO phenomenon within its historical development. Books like Bougard's "La chronique des OVNI" are highlighted for their comprehensive historical timelines, suggesting that understanding past events is crucial for present research.

• Methodology of Investigation: The issue explores various methodologies for studying UFOs, including classification systems (like Vallée's Type-I), data analysis techniques, and the importance of joint efforts among researchers. The profile of ERIDANI A.E.C. underscores the value of collaborative research and standardized approaches.

• Witnesses and Perception: The role of witnesses and their psychological states (conscious, subconscious, unconscious) in UFO observations is a recurring point of discussion, particularly in the review of Vieroudy's book and the analysis of landing cases.

• Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH): While not explicitly endorsed as the sole explanation, the ETH is presented as a significant hypothesis within the field, particularly in relation to the analysis of landing cases and the potential for intelligent, non-human factors.

• Legitimization of Ufology: The magazine actively works to elevate ufology as a legitimate field of study by featuring researchers with academic backgrounds (like Ronald Westrum) and by promoting scholarly works that treat the subject with intellectual seriousness. The quote from Michael Polanyi serves as an epigraph for this endeavor, emphasizing the passionate commitment required for serious inquiry.

The overall editorial stance is one of cautious but open-minded investigation, seeking to unravel the complexities of the UFO phenomenon through diligent research and objective analysis.