Stendek - Vol 08 No 28 - June 1977

Magazine Overview

STENDEK, Servicio Informativo C.E.I., Año VIII Nº 28, published in June 1977, is a quarterly publication from the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI). The issue's cover prominently features the headline 'HUMANOIDES EN ESPAÑA DURANTE 1976' (Humanoids in Spain During 1976), accompanied by a drawing of a humanoid figure and a disc-shaped object, illustrating an event from Mañeru, Navarra, on February 18, 1976.

The magazine is directed by Pere Redón, with Maria del Carmen Tamayo as Assistant Editor and Josep Serra Planas as Layout Artist. The cover illustration is by J. Robles, with additional illustrations by Salvador Barroso and Germán Montfort.

Table of Contents

The issue includes a comprehensive table of contents, featuring articles on various UFO-related topics:

• Editorial by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos
• Avistamiento de OVNIs en Alava y Navarra (UFO Sightings in Alava and Navarra) by José Luis Guillerna Grijalba of CEI
• Un aterrizaje en los altos de Gainchurizqueta (A Landing in the Heights of Gainchurizqueta) by Ma del Carmen Garmendia, Ma del Castillo Sacristán, Angel Salaverría, Félix Ares, of CEI
• Caso fotografico B-57 (Photographic Case B-57) by Alice Ashton and Michel Bougard
• De "Platillo Volante” a O.V.N.I. (From "Flying Saucer" to UFO) 30th Anniversary of the Arnold case, by Ma del Carmen Tamayo
• Bibliografía sobre propulsion de los OVNIs (Bibliography on UFO Propulsion) by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos
• Informe sobre reparación de un OVNI (Report on UFO Repair) by Ted Bloecher
• Un nuevo enfoque para el estudio de las ortotenias (A New Approach to the Study of Orthoteny) by José T. Ramirez and Barberó of CEI
• Planificación y primeros resultados de un estudio sociologico del fenomeno OVNI (Planning and First Results of a Sociological Study of the UFO Phenomenon) by Ma Carmen Garmendia de Ares, Félix Ares de Blas, and G. Esteban Sanz, of CEI
• Humanoides en España durante 1976 (Humanoids in Spain During 1976) by Miguel Peyró of CEI
• Libros y critica (Books and Criticism) by José Manuel Gilabert
• Columna del lector (Reader's Column)
• Quien es quien: Jacques Vallée (Who's Who: Jacques Vallée)

The CEI is described as a quarterly publication founded in 1958, registered under number 154, section 1a, with its social headquarters at Balmes, 86, entresuelo 2a, Barcelona 8.

Editorial: Desinformación (Disinformation)

In the editorial, Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos addresses the marginalization of UFO phenomena from academic and scientific research, attributing it to a lack of scientific curiosity rather than the subject matter itself. He notes that despite official neglect, hundreds of scientists and researchers are diligently analyzing UFO testimonies, leading to testable hypotheses. However, he laments that the field has also attracted unscrupulous individuals, opportunists, charlatans, and pseudo-investigators who exploit public interest and the scientific establishment's indifference for personal gain, flooding the market with low-quality, esoteric literature.

Ballester Olmos categorizes problematic publications into four types: (1) credulous and sensationalist journalists; (2) writers who profit from the UFO topic without offering substance; (3) those who link UFOs to archaeological mysteries and legends, interpreting them speculatively as evidence of ancient extraterrestrial presence; and (4) armchair philosophers and pacifists who see UFO occupants as humanity's saviors. He denounces this "neo-obscurantism" and "intellectual banditry," calling for UFO topics to be handled by individuals with the necessary methodological and scientific background. He also criticizes commercial publishers for manipulating culture and misleading readers by promoting sensationalist books that lack credibility, thus hindering the resolution of the UFO mystery. He urges mature readers to demand seriousness in the books they purchase and calls on publishers to present the UFO phenomenon accurately.

Avistamientos de ovnis en Alava y Navarra (UFO Sightings in Alava and Navarra)

This article by José Luis Guillerna Grijalba of CEI details investigations into UFO sightings in the Alava and Navarra regions of Spain. The author notes the difficulty in accessing firsthand accounts but describes how persistent investigation, starting from rumors, uncovered several significant observations.

One case involves a baker from Aguilar de Codés, Navarra, named Ricardo Fernández. He reported seeing a strange, intermittent light on a night in April or May 1975 while driving near the Puerto de Cabredo. Initially mistaking it for fire, he soon realized it was a luminous object that ascended at high speed and passed over his vehicle, bathing it in a strong yellow-amber light. He was convinced it was a craft. His colleagues corroborated seeing a similar object in the sky for several hours near Santa Cruz de Campezo. Ricardo also mentioned that a neighbor in Genevilla, named Amparo, had also seen a luminous ball of light that night.

When interviewed, Amparo was evasive but confirmed seeing a light. Ricardo believes the object may have landed, estimating its altitude. He described the object's light as intense and pulsating, becoming fixed and extremely powerful when it moved. The object eventually disappeared.

The investigation also led them to Genevilla to interview María Angeles Crespo Martínez, a 17-year-old who had observed something unusual on a farm near the Genevilla-Santa Cruz de Campezo road in early September 1975. Around 6 AM, while cycling before dawn, she saw a red, oval-shaped object about three to four meters from the road. The object's periphery was red, while its interior was dark. She heard shouts that sounded like "iahí!" or "ay!" and felt intense fear, causing her to retreat. She described the object as approximately 15 to 30 meters in horizontal diameter. Her mother and siblings confirmed her panic, which lasted for several days.

The article concludes by mentioning other reported sightings in the area, including near Antoñana, Alava.

Un aterrizaje en los altos de Gainchurizqueta (A Landing in the Heights of Gainchurizqueta)

This section details an event reported by Pedro Calvo and the program "San Sebastián 1976," concerning a UFO landing. The witnesses, including Pedro León and Carmen Tamayo, described a UFO event on December 1, 1976. They were media professionals who had been investigating UFOs for 22 years. The report mentions a UFO landing near the town of Guipúzcoa. The witnesses, described as introverted and not prone to exaggeration, provided details about the event, including the UFO's appearance and behavior. The article notes that the witnesses were not prone to sensationalism and had a long history of investigating UFOs.

Caso fotografico B-57 (Photographic Case B-57)

This entry by Alice Ashton and Michel Bougard refers to a photographic case identified as B-57, suggesting it involves photographic evidence of a UFO.

De "Platillo Volante” a O.V.N.I. 30 Aniversario del caso Arnold (From "Flying Saucer" to UFO: 30th Anniversary of the Arnold Case)

Authored by Ma del Carmen Tamayo, this piece commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Kenneth Arnold sighting, a seminal event in UFO history, tracing the evolution of terminology from "flying saucer" to "UFO."

Bibliografía sobre propulsion de los OVNIs (Bibliography on UFO Propulsion)

Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos compiles a bibliography focusing on the propulsion systems of UFOs, providing resources for further study on this aspect of the phenomenon.

Informe sobre reparación de un OVNI (Report on UFO Repair)

Ted Bloecher contributes a report that discusses the topic of UFO repair, suggesting an analysis of alleged incidents involving the maintenance or recovery of UFO craft.

Un nuevo enfoque para el estudio de las ortotenias (A New Approach to the Study of Orthoteny)

José T. Ramirez and Barberó of CEI propose a novel methodology for studying "orthoteny," a term likely related to UFO phenomena or related fields, aiming to advance the scientific approach to such investigations.

Planificación y primeros resultados de un estudio sociologico del fenomeno OVNI (Planning and First Results of a Sociological Study of the UFO Phenomenon)

This article by Ma Carmen Garmendia de Ares, Félix Ares de Blas, and G. Esteban Sanz of CEI outlines the planning stages and initial findings of a sociological study focused on the UFO phenomenon. It suggests an effort to understand the social aspects and public perception of UFOs.

Humanoides en España durante 1976 (Humanoids in Spain During 1976)

Miguel Peyró of CEI presents a detailed account of humanoid sightings reported in Spain throughout 1976. This article likely compiles and analyzes various encounters with non-human entities described in the humanoid category.

Libros y critica (Books and Criticism)

José Manuel Gilabert offers a section dedicated to reviewing and critiquing books related to UFOs and related subjects, providing readers with an informed perspective on current literature.

Columna del lector (Reader's Column)

This section provides a space for readers to share their thoughts, experiences, and opinions on the topics discussed in the magazine.

Quien es quien: Jacques Vallée (Who's Who: Jacques Vallée)

This profile focuses on Jacques Vallée, a prominent figure in UFO research, known for his interdisciplinary approach and theories regarding the nature of UFO phenomena.

Further Incidents and Investigations

Father Ignacio Mendieta's Observation

An account is given of an observation by Father Ignacio Mendieta, a priest and psychologist, accompanied by two friends, near the Puerto de Opacua in Alava. While checking film equipment, Mendieta directed his camera towards the sky and observed a formation of UFOs. Initially appearing as three or four objects in flight, they disappeared for ten to fifteen seconds before reappearing in the same formation. Approximately a minute later, five or six aircraft appeared and surrounded the UFOs, flying at a lower altitude. The witnesses were surprised, noting the objects seemed to dim or "turn off." They considered possibilities like butterflies or conventional aircraft but dismissed them due to the objects' round shape and distinct flight patterns. The UFOs then executed various formations before disappearing abruptly. Mendieta estimated the formation consisted of twenty to thirty objects. He confirmed that the aircraft departed the area almost simultaneously with the UFOs' disappearance. He was unable to identify the aircraft models.

Truck Driver's Pursuit

Another case, shared by CEI collaborator José Ramón Pinedo, involves a truck driver from Barambio who reported a sustained encounter in 1975. While driving towards Vitoria on the Vitoria-Bilbao road, a "UFO - a disk of strong white light" appeared above his truck's cabin. The driver stopped, but the UFO emitted several flashes and moved away. Later, near Alto de Ayurdín, about 15 kilometers from Vitoria, the object reappeared and performed a similar maneuver. The driver continued towards Vitoria, and near Nanclares de la Oca, the object reappeared, positioning itself beside the truck. It emitted strong flashes again before crossing the road and heading south towards the Treviño region. Father Mendieta is aware of this case, which the driver has kept private, only sharing it with close confidants. The magazine hopes to provide more details on this "highly interesting" observation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes a commitment to rigorous, evidence-based investigation of UFO phenomena, contrasting this approach with sensationalism and pseudoscientific claims. The CEI positions itself as a serious research organization, aiming to provide credible information and analysis. The editorial explicitly denounces "disinformation" and "intellectual banditry" within the UFO field, advocating for a more scientific and responsible treatment of the subject. Recurring themes include detailed witness testimonies, geographical focus on specific regions (Alava and Navarra), and the exploration of various aspects of UFO sightings, from luminous objects and humanoid encounters to potential propulsion systems and sociological impacts. The magazine aims to inform and educate its readership while upholding a standard of critical inquiry.

This issue of STENDEK, identified by page number 9, focuses on UFO phenomena, featuring a call to action for readers to promote the magazine. The content spans various reported incidents, photographic analysis, and a comprehensive bibliography.

Case Report: Landing Near Irún, Spain

The issue details an incident involving a witness identified as J.M.P., who reported seeing a dark, parallelepiped object land on the ground. The object was described as having a base of 4 meters, a height of 3 meters, and a depth of 6 meters, with a visible 'foco' (light) on its side facing the road. After losing sight of it due to road curves, J.M.P. found the object resting on the ground. Upon investigation the following day, the witness and his father discovered a rectangular area of flattened grass, approximately 4x6 meters, with numerous footprints around it. Some footprints were large, while others were small (15 cm). Notably, greasy metal pieces and a spring were found scattered nearby. The spring was about 20 cm long and 5 cm in diameter when unstretched, capable of extending to 2 meters. The metal pieces, described as 'aluminum-like' and slightly curved, were 5 cm long and 6 mm thick, resembling parts from an exploded pressure cooker. The interior of these pieces was blackened, and both the spring and pieces were greasy. These items were collected by D. Juan Antonio Lecuona, a correspondent for 'La Voz de España', who noted their similarity to aviation materials.

Analysis of the Martin B-57 Photograph

The magazine presents an in-depth analysis of a photograph, designated 'B-57', involving a Martin B-57 aircraft and an unidentified object. The photograph originated from U.S. Air Force specialists in 1954, intended for aircraft publicity. During negative examination, an unknown object was discovered on the upper right side of one document. Subsequent flights over the region failed to confirm any ground presence. The photograph was later acquired by an anonymous aeronautics writer and shared with a specialist at the St. Louis Aeronautical Chart Center. The analysis indicated that three dark points in the enlarged image were negative defects, but the object itself was real, relatively small, and close to the B-57. The specialist also noted that the light reflected by the object was identical to that of the aircraft.

In November 1964, the photograph was sent to NICAP, where M. Ralph Rankow, a photography counselor and professional photographer, examined it. Rankow investigated the possibility of a montage, looking for signs of a superimposed drawing or film segment. He found no evidence of tampering, such as sharp edges or shadows indicative of a composite photograph. He also argued against the object being on the ground, as any ground object at dusk would cast a shadow, and the object's luminosity and contrast were too strong compared to the background. The object stood out clearly against a completely shaded background, and Rankow noted its apparent relief and distinct light and shadow patterns consistent with sunlight from the left.

In the summer of 1965, Rankow received two new copies of the photograph from Professor William B. Weitzel. One copy was identical to his, but the other (photo 20a) showed black marks obscuring parts of the illuminated area, as if an attempt had been made to camouflage the object. These photographs had been sent to Dr. Weitzel by the Glenn Martin Company, the aircraft manufacturer. When questioned, the company initially dismissed the object as a film defect, not a 'flying saucer'. Weitzel's subsequent letters, highlighting the object's symmetry and relief, received no response. Rankow then contacted the Glenn Martin Company directly. After a month of no response, he escalated his inquiry. A week later, he received new photographic documents, including a third version (photo 20b) where the emulsion on the left half of the object was carefully removed and replaced with a black area, eliminating any impression of relief.

Rankow concluded that the company's evasiveness was likely due to the potential financial repercussions if the UFO's existence were acknowledged, given the USAF's denial of UFOs. Altering the negative to obscure the object's details and promoting the 'defect' explanation seemed to be their strategy.

Ronald Markwick later suggested in 'Gemini' magazine that the object might be an illusion caused by hot air layers and gas escapes from the B-57, creating reflections similar to 'water puddles' on the road. Markwick pointed out similarities to the B-57, such as wing deposits and fuselage shape. However, the article argues that Markwick's hypothesis is incompatible with the photograph's wide viewing angle, which would make such an optical illusion unlikely unless the air layers possessed exceptional optical properties.

The article concludes that the Martin B-57 case remains unresolved, with insufficient evidence to definitively classify the object as a UFO, although this hypothesis is considered plausible. It notes the unusual nature of a photograph being faked to represent a UFO, rather than the other way around, suggesting the motive was to avoid significant financial losses.

'From Flying Saucer to UFO'

This section commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Kenneth Arnold sighting on June 24, 1947. Arnold, a pilot flying over Mount Rainier, reported seeing nine strange objects whose movement he described as 'saucers skipping on water'. This event is credited with popularizing the term 'flying saucers'. The article reflects on the 30 years since the sighting, noting that despite scientific advancements, UFOs remain a significant mystery. It observes that serious study of the phenomenon has only recently begun, with few dedicating their efforts to it. Over the six decades, UFOs have transitioned from being considered a trivial matter to an integral part of human existence, generating diverse opinions and continued contemplation.

Bibliography on UFO Propulsion

This extensive bibliography, compiled by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos, lists numerous technical articles and books related to UFO propulsion systems. It is presented as an indispensable guide for researchers and scholars in the field of ufology. The entries include titles, authors, publication details (journal, volume, date, pages), or publisher information for books. The bibliography covers a wide range of topics, from magnetic motors and anti-gravity theories to atomic propulsion and electro-gravitics. It references publications from various organizations such as FSR (Flying Saucer Review), PS (Phénomènes Spatiaux), LDLN (Lumieres Dans La Nuit), CUFOS, MUFON, and APRO, as well as books and conference proceedings.

Dossier Especial: UFO Repair in New Berlin, New York

This special dossier details an incident that occurred on November 24, 1964, near New Berlin, New York, involving witness Marianne H. and investigator Ted Bloecher. Marianne H. reported observing two UFOs land on a hillside and witnessing the repair of one of them over a four-hour period by approximately twelve 'men'. The incident took place between 0:45 and 4:55 AM. Marianne, then 20 years old, was with her mother-in-law, a teacher. The location was about a mile from New Berlin, on Highway 8, northwest of an area known as 'Five Corners', at latitude 42° 39" and longitude 75° 20".

Marianne described seeing what she initially thought were 'shooting stars'. She observed two bright lights moving in an unusual manner. One appeared to fall towards the highway, while the other moved more horizontally. She noted the exceptional brightness and intensity of these lights, surpassing even mercury lamps. Accompanying the visual phenomenon was a constant, low humming sound, likened to buzzing bees or a water pump.

Her mother-in-law also noticed the phenomenon. As Marianne was outside, she saw a car approaching from New Berlin, turn at Five Corners, and drive towards their house. Simultaneously, another car appeared and slowed down, moving towards the area where the object was located. The object then rapidly moved towards Marianne, causing her to retreat towards the porch, and the second car sped away.

Ted Bloecher, the investigator, found Marianne's testimony credible and considered it an accurate report of what she believed to be a unique and real event.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of STENDEK consistently explores the phenomenon of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) through detailed case reports, photographic analysis, and extensive bibliographical research. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and documentation of UFO-related events, presenting evidence and witness testimonies for consideration. There is a clear emphasis on providing a platform for detailed accounts, such as the landing near Irún and the New Berlin incident, and on critically examining photographic evidence, as seen in the B-57 case. The inclusion of a comprehensive bibliography on UFO propulsion suggests a focus on the technological and scientific aspects of the phenomenon. The magazine also engages with historical milestones, like the Kenneth Arnold sighting, and encourages reader participation in disseminating information about STENDEK, indicating a desire to broaden the reach and impact of UFO research.

This issue of SKYLOOK, number 92, delves into UFO phenomena with a focus on a detailed witness account and an analytical approach to ufology. The content spans personal testimonies, investigative analysis, and theoretical proposals.

Witness Account: The New Berlin Case

The core of the issue features an extensive report based on the testimony of Marianne H., detailing an encounter with a UFO. The narrative begins with Marianne's experience of a strange object appearing while she was near her home. Her mother-in-law also witnessed the event. The object, described as a luminous entity, hovered at a distance of about 100 feet before moving towards a nearby hill.

Marianne's mother-in-law, initially frightened, observed the object from a window. The object appeared to be supported by legs or supports, and figures resembling humans were seen moving beneath it, engaged in what appeared to be repairs. These figures were described as wearing dark suits, with clear skin on their faces, hands, and necks, and were estimated to be between 6.5 to 8 feet tall.

The witness observed the figures carrying toolboxes and working on a circular object beneath the main vehicle, which she likened to a car engine or power source. The process involved cutting and adjusting a cable-like material. The figures seemed to be working under pressure, exhibiting signs of frustration.

Later, a second object appeared, and more figures joined the operation. The repair work continued, with the figures cutting and manipulating a dark, cable-like material. The witness noted the time as 1:15 AM.

As dawn approached, the objects departed. The first object ascended and disappeared to the West-Southwest, followed shortly by the second object. The entire event lasted through the night.

Following the sighting, Marianne investigated the area and found three circular indentations on the ground, forming an equilateral triangle, consistent with landing marks. She also discovered a piece of a tubular cable, approximately three inches long, which she kept as evidence.

The issue includes a list of questions and answers between Marianne H. and an interviewer, clarifying details about the object's sound, the appearance of the figures, the dimensions of the landing marks, and the cable found. Marianne expressed a desire to avoid involving authorities, fearing they would cause trouble.

Analysis of Ortoteny

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to an investigation into 'ortoteny,' a term coined by Aimé Michel to describe the alignment of UFO sightings in straight lines. The article, authored by José T. Ramirez and Barberó, discusses the current state of research on ortoteny, noting that it has been largely sidelined in favor of other UFO investigation avenues.

The authors propose a new theorem and hypothesis for studying ortoteny, particularly in relation to major UFO waves. They suggest analyzing days with minimal and maximal ortotenic events to see if the ratio of total observations (N) to ortotenic observations (n) approaches Pi (π) as the number of observations increases. This empirical approach, they argue, could demonstrate that ortoteny is a result of rational, premeditated actions rather than random chance, making UFO phenomena more scientifically quantifiable.

They outline a method for applying this theorem, starting with large UFO waves and focusing on days with fewer sightings to establish a baseline. The goal is to show that ortoteny is a structured phenomenon, allowing for the deduction of unknown parameters if others are known.

Sociological Study of the UFO Phenomenon

Another section outlines a planned sociological study of the UFO phenomenon. The research aims to understand the cultural associations (mythology) linked to the term 'UFO' within the Spanish population and to identify any peculiar characteristics of individuals attracted to the UFO topic, thereby understanding their motivations and attitudes.

The study intends to explore the evolution of the UFO myth and its interconnections with other themes, distinguishing between cultural-psychological aspects and physical phenomena. The researchers plan to develop a questionnaire and distribute it at UFO conferences, comparing the responses with a control group.

Related Cases and Commentary

The issue also references a case from Hemmingford, Quebec, involving two boys who reported seeing a tall, suited figure descend from a UFO. The commentary by T. Bloecher suggests that while human-like occupants of UFOs might seem improbable, such cases are not entirely new. Bloecher defends Marianne's account, stating it's unlikely she borrowed details from other cases to fabricate her story, as the Hemmingford case was not widely publicized in the USA.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around direct UFO sightings, the physical evidence associated with them, and the scientific and sociological analysis of UFO phenomena. The magazine adopts a serious, investigative tone, presenting witness testimonies alongside theoretical frameworks and research proposals. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into the UFO subject, seeking to apply rigorous methods to understand its various facets, from individual experiences to broader patterns like ortoteny and the cultural impact of the UFO myth.

Title: Investigación
Issue: 29
Date: Not specified
Publisher: Not specified
Country: Spain
Language: Spanish

This issue of "Investigación" delves into the phenomenon of humanoids in Spain during 1976, presenting a detailed analysis of reported encounters. It also includes a survey on the profile of individuals interested in UFOs and discusses the correlation between UFO interest and parapsychology.

Survey on UFO Interest Profile

The magazine presents the results of a survey conducted among conference attendees, with 65 out of 300 distributed questionnaires returned, yielding a response rate of 21.6%. The average profile of a respondent is a male, aged 35.5 years, with a medium level of education (self-assessed). Interest in UFOs began for most in 1972, and this interest has increased in recent years.

When asked to rate other topics on a scale of 0 to 10, UFOs received a very high score with a small deviation. For men, UFOs were the primary interest. For women, art was the highest interest, followed by UFOs. Music, parapsychology, and astronautics also garnered significant interest, while football and bullfighting received low scores. This aligns with previous observations suggesting a lower interest in football among UFO enthusiasts compared to the general Spanish population.

Further analysis of the survey data (Table II) reveals differences in age distribution between men and women. Women show a later onset of interest in UFOs, with a notable lack of individuals under 20 years old compared to men. The age distribution for men and women differs, with women showing a slight advantage in the 40-50 age group, possibly linked to factors associated with menopause.

Correlations: OVNI-Parapsychology

The article notes a trend among UFO researchers to show increased interest in parapsychology. To investigate this, a correlation analysis was performed between scores for UFO interest and parapsychology. The results showed a low correlation coefficient (0.33 for men, 0.36 for women), suggesting that while a relationship exists, it is very weak. The authors believe this is an area for future study.

Perceptions of UFOs

According to Table III, the majority of respondents perceive UFOs as extraterrestrial craft that observe them with peaceful intentions, neither helping nor harming them. There is strong agreement between men and women on this point. However, a significant difference emerges regarding whether UFOs provide help: 46.7% of men and 75% of women responded affirmatively.

Humanoids in Spain During 1976

This section, authored by Miguel Peyró, details several humanoid encounters reported in Spain during 1976. The year was characterized by an unusual proliferation of Type I phenomena (UFOs and associated events).

Preliminary Note: The study focuses on 'tall' humanoids, distinct from typical Close Encounters of the Third Kind cases, excluding two specific cases due to doubts about their authenticity or clarity.

Presentation: The article highlights the case of Benacazón (Sevilla) from January 28, 1976, where two 'ufonauts' over two meters tall, dressed in dark clothing, were reported by a farmer. It then details an encounter on February 18, 1976, near Mañeru (Navarra), where five children witnessed a tall subject in a black suit near a landed, metallic, flattened-ball-shaped craft with a transparent dome. The craft reportedly landed on 'dark wheels' and later departed silently after a tall figure emerged and re-entered.

Case 1: February 18, 1976, Mañeru (Navarra): A group of schoolchildren on an excursion saw a craft described as a flattened ball, metallic, with a transparent dome. A tall, human-like figure in a black suit emerged. The craft landed, and after the figure re-entered, it took off silently. Three footprints, 45 cm long, and an 8-meter diameter circle were found at the landing site.

Case 2: April (approx. 11:15 PM), Matapozuelos (Valladolid): Fidel Hernández Rollá, a 14-year-old, witnessed a reddish light descend and land in a field. He approached and found a round artifact with a dome, resting on four legs. Three tall beings (over 2.5 meters) in white, tight-fitting suits with zippers and belts were observed. They had oblique eyes and small, closed mouths. They spoke in a guttural voice, asking about local plants. The beings entered the craft, which then took off with flashes of light. Neighbors also reported seeing a red light.

Case 3: July 3 (Q5:30), Escalante (Santander): Miguel Angel Ruiz Sampeiro and two colleagues saw a tall being near a house, illuminated by streetlights. The figure, described as having a circular, conical 'hat' and a dark tunic, walked with long strides, seemingly not touching the ground. It disappeared around a distant curve.

Case 4: July 10 (approx. 5:00 AM), Fuengirola (Málaga): Five young men photographing a villa heard a loud, 'heavy' breathing sound. They investigated and saw a tall figure, taller than a tree, with two bright 'eyes' like bulbs. The figure's outline was imprecise, mostly dark below the eyes. A persistent heat and a sulfurous odor were noted. The figure's shadow was seen on the walls, and loud noises were heard on the roof.

Conclusions: The study of these five cases in Spain reveals several common characteristics:
1. The humanoids were extremely tall, exceeding two meters.
2. They were typically attired in dark or black clothing (suits, tunics, or cloaks).
3. Three of the five cases involved a strange object or craft, often with domes and landing on 'legs'.
4. The witnesses were generally young individuals, with two cases involving children, and none older than 28.
5. In two cases, the humanoids 'spoke', and in two cases, a complex mechanism inside the objects was observed.

The author expresses confidence that further characteristics will emerge from this Iberian sample of 1976.

Letters to the Editor

This section invites readers to send in news clippings about UFO sightings from local newspapers to update the magazine's archive. The readers' contributions are crucial for initiating investigations into reported cases.

Book Review: "Los OVNI en la URSS y en los Países del Este" (1976)

This review discusses a book co-authored by Ion Hobana and Julien Weverbergh, focusing on UFO phenomena in Eastern European countries. The reviewer praises the book for its comprehensive approach, comparing cases from the East with those in the West and highlighting the universality of the UFO phenomenon. The book is noted for its rich collection of 'rumors' (unconfirmed reports) and its analysis of classic cases like the Tunguska event and a humanoid found in Gdynia, Poland. The review emphasizes the importance of scientific study of these reports to develop a 'method of measurement' for UFO cases, rather than just collecting data. The book is recommended as a valuable resource for researchers.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores UFO phenomena, humanoids, and related topics like parapsychology. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and data collection, encouraging reader participation and scientific scrutiny of reported events. There is a clear interest in establishing the universality of UFO phenomena across different cultures and regions. The publication aims to document and analyze sightings, moving beyond mere speculation towards a more structured understanding of these events.

This issue of STENDEK, number 27, dated March 1977, is primarily composed of reader correspondence and a profile of a prominent ufologist. The magazine focuses on UFO phenomena, investigation, and critical analysis.

Letters to the Editor

Letter from Manel Manen

Manel Manen, a member of CEI, writes to express his strong disagreement with Antonio Ribera's book, "Los doce triangulos de la muerte" (The Twelve Triangles of Death). Manen characterizes the book as a heterogeneous mix of unverified VNI (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) reports, dubious cases, maritime and aerial accident accounts, and fables. He criticizes Ribera for presenting theories that belong to subjective abstraction without offering any serious, analytical proof. Manen specifically objects to the book's assertion of 12 anomalous zones where UFOs appear and ships/planes disappear, suggesting a "cosmic exchange." He finds the hypothesis that a colony of Nazis, including possibly Hitler himself, might be launching UFOs from an impregnable base in Antarctica to be akin to science fiction rather than a serious study of UFOs in 1977, even within Spain.

Letter from Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos

Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos, an erudite scholar, writes regarding a report in STENDEK issue 20 about the activities of PSI (Project Starlight International). He refers to a photograph taken in Austin, Texas, on October 2, 1974, which showed a continuous, undulating luminous trace of a presumed UFO. Initially, the object was described as moving fast and exhibiting two 90-degree turns. However, Ballester Olmos reports that Ray Stanford, director of operations for PSI, has informed him that a conventional explanation has been found. His technicians' new analysis revealed that the observed turns were caused by a sudden camera movement, not by the object's deviation. Despite this, the object itself remains unidentified, and checks with satellite trajectories yielded no explanation. Therefore, the phenomenon captured in the photograph is still considered anomalous or a UFO.

Letter from Antonio Ribera

Antonio Ribera responds to an editorial by José Ma Casas-Huguet in STENDEK No. 26 (December 1976). Ribera agrees with Casas-Huguet's description of the qualities needed for a perfect ufologist, emphasizing "intellectual curiosity" as the fundamental driver of investigation. He argues that curiosity is innate and essential for scientific progress, likening its absence to the apathy seen in modern society. Ribera elaborates on Casas-Huguet's point about the need for continuity in curiosity, stating that fleeting curiosity leads nowhere. He asserts that his own curiosity has been uninterrupted since he gained the use of reason, quoting Azorín that old age is merely a "lack of curiosity." Ribera contrasts this with the "young" elderly like Bertrand Russell and the "old" twenty-year-olds who are apathetic. He believes that the spirit of investigation is inherent, like eye color, and cannot be forced. Ribera then addresses Casas-Huguet's admonition against sensationalism, improvisation, personal promotion, and material gain for ufologists. While acknowledging the need for intellectual rigor and scientific knowledge, Ribera questions how professionals who rely on writing for their livelihood can survive if they must renounce material gain and avoid "the papers" (media). He defends his own work, stating that his books and articles have generated interest in UFOs and, while not providing significant financial profit, have allowed him to continue writing.

Reader Requests and Information

This section, titled "columna del lector" (column of the reader), contains several requests:

• Laureano Ramirez Cepeda from La Palma del Condado (Huelva) seeks STENDEK issues 1-15 and the July 1971 Extra.
• Sebastian Robiou Lamarche from Santurce, Puerto Rico, wishes to acquire the first 4 issues of STENDEK.
• Jorge Sanchez Gonzalez from Mexico City is looking for STENDEK issues 1-17 and the July 1971 Extra.
• Francisco Checchi from Los Polvorines, Argentina, is interested in contacting UFO researchers worldwide to exchange material, especially on humanoids.
• Adres Pablo Omastott from Corrientes, Argentina, is selling an important collection of UFO books.
• "Editions du Cercle Français de Recherches Ufologiques" in Rebais, France, offers a wide collection of slides for sale.

Important Note Regarding Deliveries

An important note addresses delays in the delivery of STENDEK issue 27 (March 1977) due to a postal workers' strike in Barcelona that began the day after the issue was mailed. Many copies were held up in buildings and port warehouses. While normal service has resumed, deliveries are delayed, and some copies may have been lost. Readers who did not receive their issue are asked to contact STENDEK to receive a replacement before the stock runs out.

Profile: Jacques F. Vallée

This section features a profile of Jacques F. Vallée, a French scientist based in the United States, described as one of the most relevant figures in world ufology. Vallée holds a degree in Astrophysics from the Sorbonne in Paris. In 1962, he emigrated to the USA, joining the Department of Astronomy at the University of Texas. He later spent four years at Northwestern University in Illinois, working with Dr. Allen Hynek, and earned a doctorate in computer science. Currently, he is a director at "The Institute for the Future," a private agency focused on contemporary problem analysis, prediction, and system design. His professional work involves developing a revolutionary system for group teleconferencing and communication using networked computer terminals. Vallée is the author of five books on UFO phenomena, including "Anatomy of a Phenomenon" (1965), "Fenómenos Insólitos del Espacio" (1966, co-authored with his wife Janine), "Pasaporte a Magonia" (1969), "The Invisible College" (1975), and "The Edge of Reality" (1975, co-authored with Dr. Hynek). He has also published numerous articles in specialized journals and presented at symposia and conferences, notably contributing to the FSR compilation "Los Humanoides." Additionally, he has authored several science fiction stories published in "Psychic Magazine."

For Our Readers

This section encourages readers to share any possible UFO observations with STENDEK by contacting CEI at Apartado 282, Barcelona. Upon receiving such information, STENDEK will send a questionnaire to gather details about the observation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical examination of UFO reports and theories. There's a clear emphasis on the need for rigorous investigation, intellectual curiosity, and skepticism towards sensationalism, as highlighted in the exchange between Ribera and Casas-Huguet. The magazine appears to encourage reader participation in reporting observations while also promoting a discerning approach to interpreting the evidence, as seen in the analysis of the PSI photograph. The inclusion of a profile on Jacques Vallée suggests an interest in prominent researchers and their contributions to the field, even those with more unconventional theories like "Magonia." The editorial stance, inferred from the letters and the profile, is one of promoting serious, evidence-based inquiry into UFO phenomena, while acknowledging the speculative and sometimes controversial nature of the subject.