Stendek - Vol 02 No 05a Extra - July 1971

Magazine Overview

Title: STENDEK
Issue: N.° EXTRA
Volume: Año II
Date: JULIO 1971
Publisher: Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI), Barcelona.
Country: Spain
Language: Spanish

This special issue of STENDEK, the informative service of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI), is dedicated to a comprehensive study of 100 UFO landings in the Iberian Peninsula. The cover prominently features a map of Spain and Portugal divided into regions, highlighting the geographical scope of the research, with the main headline proclaiming 'ESTUDIO DE 100 ATERRIZAJES DE OVNIS EN LA PENINSULA IBERICA'.

Editorial Board and Publication Details

The issue begins by listing the composition of the Directing Council of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios for the 1970-1971 biennium, under the honorary presidency of notable figures such as Professor Don Hermann Oberth. The President is Sr. Luis-María Vallés, with Sr. José María Casas-Huguet as Vice-President, and Sr. Pedro Redón as General Secretary and Treasurer. The publication itself, STENDEK, is described as a quarterly publication of the CEI, founded in October 1958 and registered as Association No. 154. Its headquarters are located in Barcelona. Correspondence for the CEI and the publication should be addressed to CEI, Apartado 282, Barcelona, Spain. The publication welcomes exchange with similar publications and notes that total or partial reproduction of its content requires proper attribution.

Table of Contents (Sumario)

• The summary section provides a roadmap of the issue's content:
• Portada: The cover, featuring a map of the Iberian Peninsula divided by regions, which forms the basis of the study.
• Presentación: An introduction by Pedro Redón.
• Estudio de 100 Aterrizajes de OVNIs en la Península Ibérica: A study by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos and Dr. Jacques Vallée.
• El Fenómeno de Yuste: An article by Alberto Adell and Antonio Aparicio.
• Algunas consideraciones críticas a la Clasificación OVNI establecida por el Dr. Jacques Vallée: Critical considerations by Josep Serra and Joan Crexells.

The Director of the publication is Joan Crexells, and the Sub-Director is Pedro Redón. The issue's legal deposit number is B 18463 - 1970.

Presentation (Presentación)

Pedro Redón's presentation introduces the main study, a statistical and comparative work by investigators Dr. Jacques Vallée and Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos. This study focuses on 'Type I' observations, which are defined as landings, and are considered the most significant source for understanding the UFO phenomenon. Redón highlights that this analysis is part of a global study directed by Dr. Vallée, involving local research groups. He references Dr. Vallée's previous work, 'Passport to Magonia,' which listed 923 observations worldwide, with only 11 initially identified in the Iberian Peninsula, five of which were later discarded due to lack of credibility. Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos is credited with a significant individual effort in compiling Iberian cases. Redón suggests that while this catalog of 100 cases forms the basis for a future Iberian Catalog, the classification method used by Dr. Vallée may need to be updated, as it has become somewhat ambiguous due to the sheer volume of events.

Study: 100 UFO Landings in the Iberian Peninsula (Estudio de 100 Aterrizajes de OVNIs en la Península Ibérica)

This section, authored by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos and Dr. Jacques Vallée, is divided into two parts: Data Accumulation and Reduction, and Analysis of Results.

Part I: Data Accumulation and Reduction of Data

The authors note the surprising lack of detailed studies on UFO landings in Western Europe compared to France, despite the widespread nature of such reports globally. When compiling the MAGONIA catalog, efforts were made to acquire 'second-generation' data, revealing previously overlooked cases, such as the Italian phase of the 1954 wave. They also observed more recent UFO waves in Western Europe even when global activity seemed to wane.

The central question posed is what patterns would emerge if a comprehensive data collection effort were initiated in a country with few reported cases, like Spain. The opportunity arose in early 1970 when Aimé Michel suggested a collaborative analysis of previously unpublished Spanish UFO material. This led to the development of a methodology for data accumulation and reduction, resulting in a preliminary selection of 100 landing cases for in-depth computer analysis.

#### A. Current State of UFO Investigation in Spain

Don Antoni Ribera is recognized for his extensive work in documenting Iberian UFO reports and bringing them to international attention, despite his books being primarily in Spanish. The authors mention that several Iberian landings were published in various magazines and included in the MAGONIA catalog. They highlight that a significant wave occurred in 1968/1969, adding a considerable number of reports.

Ribera consistently pointed out the need for a more detailed analysis of Iberian landings, a task delayed by the lack of specialized research, linguistic barriers, and communication difficulties with other nations. The authors acknowledge the dedicated efforts of Spanish researchers over the years and present their work as a summary and tribute to these activities. They then identify and acknowledge the key groups contributing to this research:

• CEI: Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios: Founded in October 1958 by Màrius Lleget, Eduardo Buelta, and Antoni Ribera. CEI conducted active research, published analyses in its Boletín, and was reorganized in 1968. It has around 200 correspondents and publishes the STENDEK magazine. Their current research focuses on the 1950 Iberian UFO wave.
• CEONI: Círculo de Estudios Sobre Objetos No Identificados: Founded in February 1968 by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos. CEONI aims for a scientific approach, avoiding specific hypotheses. Current projects include Iberian Type I reports, psycho-biological effects of UFOs, a catalog of Spanish UFO observations from 1950-1965, and historical UFO manifestations in the Iberian Peninsula.
• RNC: Red Nacional de Corresponsales: Founded in March 1969 by José Ruesga Montiel, this network centralizes field investigation reports from numerous enthusiasts. Current work involves case compilation and frequency studies.
• Eridani AEC: Agrupación de Estudios Cosmologicos Eridani: Initiated in February 1970, its founders include Félix Ares de Blas and David G. López. The group currently applies computer techniques to analyze the recent 1968/1969 wave.

In conclusion, Spanish UFO investigation is characterized by a core group of competent field researchers and several recently organized groups led by experienced scholars, often technically oriented. These efforts complemented each other during the 1968/1969 wave.

#### B. Examination of Data Sources

The authors strongly emphasize the critical importance of data source documentation in any investigation. They assert that hypotheses are useless without verifiable records, allowing others to check basic data, reconstruct methods, and confront results. They apologize for the detailed discussion of sources but deem it necessary to avoid the pitfalls encountered in American UFO research.

For landing cases, total identification of sources is provided. Two-thirds of the cases were obtained directly from witnesses through personal interviews or correspondence. The remaining third came from press or radio reports, which, though not reinvestigated, were often corrected for errors through cross-referencing. Many of these older cases predate the reorganization of Spanish UFO groups.

• Table 1 lists the main contributions to the study:
• CEI: 21 cases
• CEONI: 12 cases
• Antoni Ribera: 11 cases
• Manuel Osuna: 9 cases
• MAGONIA: 6 cases
• Eridani AEC: 3 cases

Additional data was provided by individuals not previously mentioned, including Mrs. Cecilia C. de Puig and Messrs. Oscar Rey, J. Merino, J. Vera, I. and J. Darnaude, J. Salas, J. Ruesga, F. Silva, and J. Roca.

#### C. Method of Selection

After reviewing the collected data, the authors found a wealth of new information on old and modern cases, making a purely classical analysis tedious and unreliable. To ensure the study's significance, it was integrated into the global UFO phenomenon framework. Leveraging the completed computerization of the MAGONIA catalog, a joint effort on Spanish data was undertaken, despite the need to mail extensive archives across the Atlantic. The study was geographically restricted to the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, excluding the Canary Islands and other African colonies.

The data accumulation method involved:
1. Creating a computer-readable master list for each new case, allowing for modifications and indexing.
2. Coding cases using a simple format for separation by province, date, witness name, location, time, presence of occupants, traces, etc. A code indicated if the object touched the ground.
3. Regularly sending updated lists (index and translated summaries) to local investigators via computer output, approximately once a week for six months.
4. Transferring identified 'false' or natural phenomenon cases to a 'negatives' list for registration.

The authors state that Spanish investigators have benefited from unprecedented support, comparable to what the Condon Committee in the U.S. had planned but never implemented. The computer proved invaluable for maintaining and re-typing extensive lists.

Approximately 130 landing reports were examined, from which a primary list of 106 cases was selected. The final 100 cases included in the catalog are presented as a representative sample of the general UFO phenomenon in Spain, with the exception of geographical distribution, which will be discussed later.

#### D. Catalog Format

• The Iberian Catalog of Landings provides a list with brief summaries of each observation, including:
• Date: Day, month, and year (precise date known for 81% of cases).
• Local Time: Known for 71% of cases.
• Code: A multi-character code indicating:
• `•`: Object touched the ground.
• `se refiere a objetos vistos sólo a un cierto nivel del suelo`: Refers to objects seen only at a certain ground level.
• `&`: Designates reports with occupants.
• `★`: Indicates the existence of traces.
• Geographic Code: The first letter 'I' denotes the study area (Iberian Peninsula), and the second letter denotes the region (referencing the cover map).
• Day of the week: Monday, Tuesday, etc.
• Exact Location: Specific location of the sighting.
• Province: The province where the sighting occurred.
• State: Spain or Portugal.

Conclusion of Part I

The study of one year of Iberian landings has led to the selection of a preliminary catalog of 100 cases and the definition of a convenient index for rapid computer searching. Cases were acquired by teams of investigators across many Spanish provinces, with two-thirds of the reports coming from firsthand accounts. The technique used in this study is believed to provide unprecedented levels of information to ground investigators regarding past and present UFO activity in their specific areas.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly emphasizes a rigorous, data-driven approach to UFO research, prioritizing verifiable evidence and detailed documentation. The editorial stance is one of scientific inquiry, aiming to systematically analyze and understand the UFO phenomenon. There is a clear effort to move beyond mere sensationalism and to contribute to a global understanding of UFOs through meticulous cataloging and analysis. The publication also highlights the collaborative nature of UFO research, acknowledging the contributions of various groups and individuals within Spain and internationally. The need for updated classification systems and the potential for surprising conclusions are also recurring themes, suggesting an ongoing and evolving research process.

This document, identified as issue number 347 of 'Passport to Magonia', focuses on a compilation of unidentified flying object (UFO) and unidentified aerial phenomenon (UAP) sightings. The raw date suggests a December 1954 publication, though the content spans from 1954 to the late 1970s. The primary geographical focus is on Spain and Portugal.

Catalog of Sightings

The magazine presents a chronological catalog of numerous sightings, each with a date, location, and a brief description of the event. These entries detail various aspects of the phenomena observed:

December 1954 - December 1955

• December 6, 1954, Irún (Guipúzcoa, Spain): Juan Martínez Portolés witnessed a round, luminous object descend and land. It was approximately 3 meters long and 1 meter high, with a luminous turret and four ailerons. Upon investigation, flattened grass, 15 cm footprints, and metallic samples were found.
• December 8, 1954, Zuera (Zaragoza, Spain): Miguel Sevilla Gálvez reported seeing a luminous craft, about 20 meters in diameter and 4 meters high, with antennas and propellers. Two beings emerged, spoke in an unknown language, and re-entered the craft before it ascended vertically with a whistling sound.
• December 19, 1954, Cartaya (Huelva, Spain): M. Moral Bernal and J. Riquelme Camacho observed a circular craft landed on the ground, which then ascended with noise and flew towards Portugal.
• January 5, 1955, Oiarzun-Gantxuriketa (Guipúzcoa, Spain): Félix Galarraga and others saw a red, metallic, brilliant globe about 2.5 meters in diameter descend to the ground. It ascended when a witness approached within 100 meters.
• June 1955, Muros (La Coruña, Spain): Sailor Juan Agulla Riveiro encountered a dwarf-like, gorilla-like marine being dressed in plastic-like material with a hood. The being picked up an object, and the witness was paralyzed by a green light.
• August 28, 1957, Nazare (Estremadura, Portugal): Two young people observed a dark object with a greenish light, perfectly circular, descend to about 5 meters above the ground. It had a small tower and a large curved window through which a yellow light was perceived. A green-yellow light ray was emitted.

1958 - 1960

• April 30, 1958, El Padul (Granada, Spain): Ignacio Jiménez Leyva and Torcuato Sánchez saw a very bright, 10-meter diameter craft descend towards the ground and then ascend at fantastic speed towards Baza, leaving a yellowish trail.
• August 1958, Pico Mulhacén (Granada, Spain): Three witnesses observed an object, similar to a rocket and about 8 meters high, supported by three legs, on the ground at an altitude of 3,000 meters. It was metallic, reflected light, and ascended rapidly.
• July 14, 1959, Sucs (Lérida, Spain): Antonio Domingo reported seeing a spherical object with a bright halo, initially immobile, then moving east to west at about 15 meters altitude. It illuminated the area for 10 seconds, followed by a noise of explosion.
• June 10, 1960, Algoz (Algarve, Portugal): Carlos Sabino and a friend observed a disc-shaped object emitting an unprecedented shine. Six beings emerged. The craft then departed at high speed, reappeared, and illuminated the area with an intense light before disappearing.

1961 - 1968

• June 11, 1961, Cantillana (Sevilla, Spain): José G. Darnaude experienced a strange malaise before seeing a luminous disc appear, change colors (white, red, orange, violet), and ascend vertically at high speed. Insects stopped singing during the event.
• May 16, 1966, Córdoba (Córdoba, Spain): Manuel Hernández saw a disc-shaped object land. Small beings resembling 'green birds' emerged briefly before re-entering the craft, which then ascended.
• June 27, 1966, Cistella (Gerona, Spain): Three witnesses saw a stationary, circular, brilliant disc. The object descended rapidly, displaying fantastic colors (red, blue, green). It approached within 500 meters of the witnesses. Later, three cylindrical objects appeared, emitting thick smoke. The event caused dizziness and sleepiness in one witness.
• July 1, 1967, Santa Mónica (Madrid, Spain): A large, lens-shaped object with a bright dome was observed and photographed. It landed near a restaurant. Footprints and small tubes were found nearby.
• August 2, 1968, Valdemanco (Ciudad Real, Spain): Two women saw a rectangular object with two windows, about 4 meters above the ground, which ascended silently and disappeared.
• August 2, 1968, Monte Gallicant (Tarragona, Spain): A soldier reported a strange, very bright red object, with well-defined sides, balancing like a pendulum. Parts of it turned dark, and it disappeared after more than 8 minutes.
• August 15, 1968, Entre Villaverde de Leganés y Brenes (Sevilla, Spain): A witness saw an oval object resembling a small bus with lights on the upper part. A child exclaimed, "Look, look. A bus had an accident!"
• August 16, 1968, Tivissa (Tarragona, Spain): Mateu observed a semi-spherical object hovering 1 meter above the ground, emitting intense light. Two 'octopus-like' creatures with bright colors emerged. The area showed signs of burnt grass.
• August 28, 1968, Ucero (Soria, Spain): Pedro Alyagas saw a brilliant, multi-colored light descend and emit a jet of light upwards. The object performed strange maneuvers, swept the terrain with its rays, and then landed. It had four large windows and four smaller ones on top. Small dark objects were ejected and re-entered.
• September 11, 1968, Sant Martí de Tous (Barcelona, Spain): A witness observed a dome-shaped yellow light illuminating pine trees. Four beings or objects with metallic reflections, about 80 cm tall, approached a large oval object, which then ascended, showing varied colors and producing a deafening noise.
• September 21, 1968, L'Escala (Gerona, Spain): Two strange beings with yellowish faces were seen near a marine buoy-like object. They wore tight black suits. The event was reported to the Civil Guard, but no trace was found.
• September 21, 1968, La Llagosta (Barcelona, Spain): A truck driver saw an egg-shaped object resting vertically on the ground, emitting a bright glow. A small being was near the craft.
• September 24, 1968, Cedeira (La Coruña, Spain): A woman saw a bright light and two 'human beings' approaching her. The area showed irregular burnt marks.
• October 1968, Acula (Granada, Spain): A family observed a formation of three objects, about 4 meters in diameter, emitting intense jets of green, red, blue, and white light. The objects landed and turned black.
• October 11, 1968, Set-Cases (Gerona, Spain): Climbers reported observing an object on the ground, with two small figures emerging from it. The witnesses gave false names and refused to be interviewed.
• October 14, 1968, Zafra (Badajoz, Spain): Five witnesses observed a semi-spherical object, about 10 meters in diameter.

1966 - 1968 (Continued)

• February 6, 1966, Aluche (Madrid, Spain): Witnesses observed a brilliant orange disc, about 11 meters in diameter, supported by three legs. It landed, took off, and landed again.
• June 1, 1967, Bilbao (Vizcaya, Spain): A retired officer and his wife saw a circular object flying at high speed. It landed about 300 meters away, rotating with strong red, green, and yellow lights. Its estimated diameter was about 5 meters.
• August 1968, Alcalá de Guadaira (Sevilla, Spain): A family observed a gigantic reddish-orange object hovering over their house for several consecutive nights without any noise.
• September 1, 1968, Pollença (Baleares, Spain): A family observed a yellow ball hovering over a factory. It descended, surrounded by a ring of the same color, and illuminated nearby trees before disappearing.
• September 1, 1968, Noreña (Asturies, Spain): An industrialist observed an intense light from a yellow, egg-shaped object, 1.50 meters high and 50 cm wide, flying about 6 meters above the ground. The object moved to the center of the road, causing the witness great fright, before flying away.
• September 7, 1968, Arriondas (Asturies, Spain): A witness saw a phosphorescent, rectangular object, slightly curved, about 4.50 meters wide, near the ground. It emitted a blue-white light and a soft sound similar to a refrigerator.
• September 29, 1968, Sant Sadurní d'Osmort (Barcelona, Spain): Six people observed a spherical, metallic object with intense yellow light, moving towards the west.
• September 29, 1968, Castrejana (Vizcaya, Spain): Several people observed a square object with a bright dome on top, disappearing after a minute or so.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this compilation are the consistent reporting of unexplained aerial objects exhibiting unusual characteristics, the presence of witnesses from various backgrounds (including professionals, students, and ordinary citizens), and the geographical concentration of sightings in Spain and Portugal. The editorial stance appears to be one of documentation and presentation of these phenomena, providing sources for each reported incident, suggesting a commitment to cataloging and archiving UFO/UAP reports without overt sensationalism but with a clear focus on the unexplained.

The phrase "Passport to Magonia" itself implies a journey into the unknown or a realm of mystery associated with these phenomena. The detailed nature of the reports, including dimensions, colors, behaviors, and sometimes physical evidence or encounters with non-human entities, suggests a serious attempt to record and analyze these events.

This issue of Stendek, identified as issue number 10 from Volume 1, published in November 1968, is a Spanish-language publication focusing on UFO phenomena. It meticulously documents numerous sightings and incidents that occurred primarily between 1968 and 1970 across various regions of Spain.

Catalog of Sightings and Incidents

The core of this issue is a detailed catalog of UFO reports, presented chronologically with specific dates, times, locations, and witness accounts. Each entry provides a brief description of the observed phenomena, often including details about the object's shape, color, size, behavior, and any associated effects or traces.

October 1968:

• October 15, 1968: In Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz), a nine-year-old girl witnessed a bright red, luminous object that emitted a noise before ascending and disappearing. Civil Guard found footprints at the site.
• October 17, 1968: In Sevilla, several people, including a woman named Salud, observed an object that changed color (blue, red, orange) as it descended. It disappeared among trees, and no traces were found.
• October 19, 1968: In Santa Eugènia de Berga (Barcelona), women en route to work saw a luminous white ball land about 30 meters from the road. Investigation revealed a 2-meter diameter burnt area. A local resident also reported seeing a 'fireball' flying towards Montseny.
• October 24, 1968: In Calig (Castellón de la Plana), a man and his two sons observed a silent white object flying low, about 2 meters above the ground. The object ascended vertically, then descended again before disappearing northward.
• November 2, 1968: In Villarreal de Ebro (Zaragoza), a soldier and his companions saw what they described as 'the Sun rising like a big yellow disk' from the West. Their car's electrical systems failed when they were about 500 meters from the object, which was metallic and immense. It ascended rapidly and disappeared. After it left, the car's systems resumed normal function.

November 1968:

• November 10, 1968: In Puerto de Espadán (Castellón de la Plana), three witnesses observed a powerful bluish light at the height of pine trees. No explanation was found.
• November 14, 1968: In Zafra (Badajoz), a witness saw an immobile humanoid figure, about 2 meters tall, standing by the roadside. The figure wore greenish phosphorescent clothing and had a black area for a face. A drawing of this humanoid is included.
• November 22, 1968: In Boadilla del Camino (Palencia), a tractor driver observed several white lights, about 30 cm in diameter, and a red light, about a meter in diameter, hovering about 5 meters away. The lights ascended and flew away.
• November 30, 1968: In Palencia, an anonymous industrialist reported an object landing 10 meters away but did not investigate. Newspaper reports mentioned a motorist seeing a 'flying saucer'.

December 1968:

• December 10, 1968: In Olleros de Pisuerga (Palencia), a witness saw an object near ground level, resembling a star with three points and emitting powerful yellow and green lights. It disappeared when approached.
• December 31, 1968: In Yuste (Cáceres), a man saw a luminous discoidal object, followed by two others, about 300 meters away. These objects released smaller objects that formed a circle before heading towards Garganta la Olla. The witness described seeing 'an infinity of small round lights, many of them red'.

January 1969:

• January 1969 (night): In Ginés (Sevilla), two bank employees saw a green creature, about 3 meters tall, near a road. No UFO was observed in connection with the being.
• January 2, 1969: In Albacete, two witnesses observed a quadrilateral object emitting an intense yellow light near ground level. The craft ascended vertically, turned, and flew east.
• January 6, 1969: In Pontejos (Santander), four people saw an illuminated yellow rectangle about 30 meters away and 5 meters above the ground. A figure was seen walking inside it. Later, other figures joined in the center, and the luminosity extinguished. A drawing of the observed object is included.
• January 15, 1969: In Villafranca de los Barros (Badajoz), students at a Jesuit school saw a giant being and fled in terror. Strange footprints were found later. The school director attributed the event to the boys' overactive imagination.
• January 16, 1969: In Las Pajanosas (Sevilla), a man saw a light and approached it, discovering a luminous rectangle with figures moving within. He also noted a dog reacting fearfully. Three footprints, 1.80 meters apart, were found later.
• January 28, 1969: In Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz), a guard saw a very bright light, initially thought to be a car. It then appeared as a silent, hovering 'pot' over trees, illuminating the area. The witness was temporarily blinded.
• January 29, 1969: In Matadepera (Barcelona), an elderly woman heard a loud noise and saw a strange flying object maneuver to avoid a high-tension cable. The object was about 3 meters long, 2.50 meters wide, and 1.50 meters high, with a metallic appearance and colored lights. Drawings of the object are provided.

February 1969:

• February 2, 1969: In Aroche (Huelva), seven people saw a luminous, immobile object about 1.50 meters above the ground, emitting an intense yellow light. It was round and comparable in size to a car wheel. They observed it for two hours. The previous evening, some residents saw a fireball illuminating the area.

February 1969 (later):

• February 28, 1969: In Miajadas (Cáceres), during an earthquake, a truck driver and his assistant observed a rare craft with five tall, luminous, humanoid beings. They fled in terror.
• March 6, 1969: In Busot (Alicante), a car's electrical system failed when three unknown objects landed on a mountain. The occupants saw the objects illuminate the mountain.
• March 9, 1969: In Monreal del Campo (Teruel), two students observed a white light flying parallel to the road at high speed. They stopped the car twice to verify it wasn't a hallucination. The object descended vertically and landed, exhibiting several lights. A smaller white circular object was seen nearby. Drawings of the observation are included.
• March 12, 1969: In Mérida (Badajoz), a family observed a round, sun-like object descend near their car and follow them for about 20 minutes. It was also seen over a cemetery by a woman who reported TV interference.
• March 25, 1969: In Renedo de Valdavia (Palencia), an 80-year-old woman observed an object with a powerful red light in the center, about 50 meters high. The light descended, then returned to the main object, which was compared to a white square. This object was seen multiple times later.

May 1969:

• May 11, 1969: In Santa Catalina de Somoza (León), a taxi driver observed an orange object emitting brilliant luminosity, with something resembling an 'incandescent iron triangle' visible on its upper side.

July 1969:

• July 4, 1969: In Ribarroja d'Ebre (Tarragona), a family saw an object descend at fantastic speed, then ascend rapidly after almost touching the ground. It appeared as a bright ball.
• July 6, 1969: In Aracena (Huelva), three women and two servants observed a luminous object emitting a light beam and dropping dust. This coincided with a blackout in the entire town. They later saw a strong white light from a bowl-shaped object descending from the horizon. One witness heard a loud noise and felt an electric shock. The object flew along the road for 20 minutes, emitting a blue light beam that approached the house.

August 1969:

• August 25, 1969: In Aitona (Lérida), a couple and another pair observed a brilliant white wall of light, about 2 meters by 4, situated on the ground. It disappeared when they approached.

September 1969:

• September 11, 1969: In Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla), a man observed a 'round thing' on the ground emitting an extraordinary glow. When he approached, the object was gone. He experienced a strange odor that irritated his eyes and throat.

October 1969:

• October 11, 1969: In Cabo Cope (Murcia), a fishing boat crew reported their nets snagging something that couldn't be pulled up. The Spanish Navy was involved in an operation to locate it, but the object was never found.

November 1969:

• November 25, 1969: In Esparza (Navarra), a doctor observed a lenticular object, about 8 meters in diameter and 2 meters high, with a fluorescent yellow color. It landed about 200 meters away, then took off at fantastic speed. It landed again near a stream, leaving burnt grass and footprints.
• November 29, 1969: In Ginés (Sevilla), two men saw an object flying at tree height, resembling two inverted plates with a series of 12 red and yellow lights. The object had a central dome with an intermittent blue flash.

January 1970:

• January 4, 1970: In Viator (Almería), a soldier observed a yellow-green light moving rectilinearly about 10 meters above the ground for almost 3 minutes.

May 1970:

• May 11, 1970: In Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla), new footprints were discovered that had not been observed the previous evening. The site was guarded by police, and no radioactivity was found. The burns on the ground were attributed to a brilliant ray.
• August 5, 1970: In Cazalla de la Sierra (Sevilla), four people and two dogs observed a rectangular object, appearing two-dimensional, brightly illuminated. It appeared suddenly and disappeared minutes later without sound. The dogs were nervous throughout the observation.
• August 10, 1970: Between Aznalcázar and Pilas (Sevilla), a man, his wife, and two children saw a white, nebulous object resembling a dense cloud, about 2 meters above the ground. The object changed position, and the car's headlights dimmed when it flew overhead.

Analysis of Computer Data

This section presents the results of an analysis of 100 Iberian landing reports. The article poses several questions to guide the analysis:

I) Does the activity of landings in the Iberian Peninsula follow general constants observed in other countries?
II) Have 'waves' occurred, and what is their distribution?
III) Do Spanish reports confirm the 'hourly pattern'?
IV) Considering cultural differences between Spain and other reporting sources (France, USA), can any psychological or sociological trends in the witness population be detected?
V) Can anything be said about 'occupant' reports in the Iberian Peninsula?
VI) What new horizons open up for such study in terms of future efforts in Spain and other countries?

The preliminary findings suggest that the analysis will focus on identifying patterns, distributions, and potential psychological or sociological factors related to UFO sightings and landings in Spain.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the detailed documentation of UFO sightings and landings in Spain. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and reporting, presenting factual accounts with sources cited. The inclusion of drawings and the detailed analysis of landing reports indicate a commitment to understanding the phenomenon. The publication also actively solicits contributions from readers and researchers, suggesting a collaborative approach to studying UFOs.

This document, likely an issue of a magazine focused on UFOs/UAPs, presents a detailed analysis of landing incidents, particularly within Spain and the Iberian Peninsula. The content is divided into several sections, including geographical distribution, temporal patterns, occupant sightings, and witness credibility. The primary focus is on statistical analysis and case studies, aiming to provide a more rigorous understanding of the phenomenon.

Distribution of Landings

The article begins by noting that UAP landings in Spain are observed with a frequency and density similar to France and other nations, though this has been overlooked. Figure 1, a map, represents each case with a catalog number. The analysis indicates that landings are predominantly nocturnal, with a detailed hourly distribution discussed in Section D. Figure 2 shows weekly frequencies for Spanish (81 cases) and non-Spanish (1,054 cases) landings, noting that Spanish frequencies are somewhat random but higher on Sundays, Thursdays, and Fridays, while international frequencies are highest on Fridays and Mondays, reflecting witness habits rather than a clear pattern.

Figure 3 presents percentages of cases involving objects on the ground or at low altitude, and cases with no visible occupants. The data from both Iberian (53% on ground, 38% suspended) and global (60% on ground, 35% suspended) catalogs show remarkable similarity, suggesting invariant factors in the phenomenon.

Section B, "Distribution of Landing Sites," refers to Figure 1 and Table 1, which details cases by province. Notably, 22 provinces have two or more cases, 13 have one, and 13 are empty. The highest densities are near Seville (14 cases) and Barcelona (9 cases), areas with active research groups that likely contribute to data collection. The article questions whether this density reflects actual occurrence or simply better reporting.

A surprising finding is Portugal's low number of cases (three between 1954-1970). The authors attribute this to the adverse publicity generated by the "Serra de Gardunha" case in 1954, which they describe as a hoax, and the lack of active UFO organizations in Portugal.

Waves of Activity

Section C, "Waves of Activity," discusses the characteristic sharp peaks in UAP activity that develop rapidly and subside within weeks. Major waves in the US in 1965 and 1966 are mentioned, leading to reactions from military and scientific communities and the closure of Project Blue Book. The article emphasizes the global nature of these "wave patterns," suggesting that focusing solely on North American cases might miss the broader phenomenon. The Condon Committee's study is criticized for its perceived descuido and incompetence, particularly regarding the 1968 wave which was comparable to the 1954 French wave.

Figure 4 illustrates the annual distribution of landings from 1950-1970, showing a significant peak in 1954. The period 1959-1964 was quiet globally. Figure 5 provides a monthly breakdown for the 1968-1969 wave, showing a peak in August 1968 and a subsequent decline. The article notes that the 1968-1969 wave provided hundreds of observations, with 47 reports between August 1968 and March 1969.

Hourly Distribution and Occupants

Section D, "The Hourly Law," discusses a peculiar hourly distribution of UAP incidents observed since 1962, initially noted with French data and later verified globally. This pattern is considered one of the most reliable invariants of the UAP phenomenon. Figure 6 compares the hourly distribution of Iberian landings with non-Iberian cases, showing a low activity during the day, a tripling between 6-7 PM, a doubling between 7-8 PM, a peak around 9:30 PM, a secondary maximum around 3 AM, and cessation by 6 AM. The article notes no significant difference between different catalog parts regarding this hourly distribution, suggesting a consistent pattern.

Section E, "Occupants," details 26 cases involving occupants, eight of which had no associated object. Figure 7 maps the geographical distribution of these sightings. Thirteen cases occurred during the August 1968-March 1969 wave. The article defers detailed analysis of occupant descriptions to the catalog itself.

Witnesses

Section F, "The Witnesses," addresses the scientific view of UAP observers as potentially unbalanced individuals. However, the article presents a refutation of this "unreliable testimony" hypothesis. Table 3 shows that out of 37 cases with one witness, the witnesses included professionals like an engineer, an economist, and industrialists. Cases with two or three witnesses also included diverse individuals such as businessmen, a retired employee, a military officer, a bank director, and a university student. Numerous cases involve entire families or multiple individuals observing simultaneously. The article suggests that these witnesses are not necessarily unreliable and that their accounts, when investigated, often reveal more detail and vividness than initially reported.

The Yuste Case

Pages 9-10 detail a specific incident near the Monastery of Yuste, Spain, reported by agricultural worker Florencio Moreno on December 31, 1968. The initial press report described three flying saucers. However, Moreno's own account, provided via a questionnaire and letter, offered a more complex narrative. He described seeing three cloud-like shapes emerge from the sunrise, which then transformed into luminous discs spinning near the ground, emitting blue and orange sparks. He attempted to alert a nearby farmhand but was unsuccessful. The article notes that the initial press report was incomplete and that a thorough investigation by Spanish researchers confirmed Moreno's existence and the approximate details of the event, adding that the witness found a rosary in his car and was praying, but this was unrelated to the UAP.

Conclusions and Recommendations

The final pages offer conclusions and recommendations for researchers. The report suggests that local groups should use existing catalogs for systematic reinvestigation of landing cases in their areas. It recommends publishing detailed findings without abbreviations or codes, clearly separating data from author interpretation. The article notes that the effort in Spain is just beginning and expresses hope that this will spur similar investigations in other countries like Great Britain, Scandinavia, and Ibero-America, lamenting the lack of a comprehensive map of US landings.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the statistical analysis of UAP landing phenomena, the geographical and temporal distribution of sightings, the characteristics of UAP objects and occupants, and a critical examination of witness testimony. The editorial stance appears to be one of rigorous, data-driven investigation, challenging conventional skepticism and advocating for a more open-minded approach to understanding UAP events as a global, consistent phenomenon.

This issue of UFOs magazine, identified as issue number 45, delves into a detailed investigation of a reported UFO sighting that occurred near Cuacos de Yuste, Spain. The primary focus is on the testimony of Florencio Moreno y Moreno, who claims to have witnessed unusual aerial phenomena. The investigation is led by Alberto Adell, who employs a rigorous approach, including interviews, analysis of written accounts, and consideration of psychological factors.

The Sighting and Initial Testimony

The core of the report revolves around Florencio Moreno y Moreno's account of seeing three luminous objects on December 31, 1968. He described them as ovoidal with peaks, flying in a line, and emitting powerful, blinding lights of orange, violet, and red. The objects performed a spectacular, silent dance at a low altitude of approximately 10 to 12 meters above him and his mule. The witness, a man of humble origins and limited formal education, emphasized his clear state of mind and the unusual nature of the event, stating he had "never seen anything like it."

One of the most perplexing aspects of the testimony is a "two-hour blank" in the witness's memory, occurring between approximately 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM on the day of the sighting. He could not account for this time, despite not having stopped or interacted with anyone. This memory gap became a significant point of focus for the investigation.

Investigation and Interviews

Alberto Adell's investigation involved extensive interviews with various individuals connected to the event and the locality. He sought to corroborate Florencio's account and understand the context.

Interview with Florencio's Mother

Florencio's mother, Sra. Moreno, confirmed that her son had been working and that the event had caused him considerable distress. She mentioned that he had been chatting with them about the incident a few days later, but they had not paid much attention at the time, attributing it to the strangeness of the phenomenon. She reiterated that her son had seen "something he had never seen before."

Interview with Don Jorge Riquelme

Don Jorge Riquelme, a guide at the Monastery of Yuste, was interviewed due to his acquaintance with Florencio. Riquelme expressed a degree of confusion, wanting to believe Florencio due to their friendship but also harboring suspicions. He mentioned a local figure, Don José, who was known for his eccentric personality and tendency to seek attention, suggesting that Don José might have orchestrated a prank involving Florencio to promote the region. Despite his doubts, Riquelme acknowledged Florencio's sincerity, stating, "what Florencio said, it is said."

Interview with Enrique, the Farmhand

Enrique, a farmhand at the Duques de Montellano estate, provided further details. He confirmed that Florencio had arrived in a state of extreme nervousness, urgently asking him and his wife to come outside to witness the UFOs. Enrique stated that while he and his wife saw nothing unusual, Florencio insisted, pointing towards the East and describing the objects disappearing towards Garganta la Olla. Enrique noted Florencio's agitated state, remarking, "he had never seen him like that."

Interview with Don Miguel, the Priest

Don Miguel, the local priest, offered a skeptical perspective. He acknowledged Florencio as an intelligent but perhaps unmotivated individual and praised his wife's character. However, he expressed doubts about the UFO sighting, particularly due to the involvement of Don José, whom he suspected of fabricating events for attention. The priest recounted an instance where Don José claimed to have seen an underwater UFO, further fueling his skepticism.

Analysis of Testimony and Hypotheses

Alberto Adell meticulously analyzed the witness's statements, noting discrepancies between his initial letter and his responses to a standardized questionnaire (CEI). He observed that the letter, while seemingly confessional, displayed a more structured and less spontaneous style than the questionnaire, suggesting the possible involvement of a third party, perhaps a transcriber or editor, in preparing the letter. This led to the hypothesis that the witness might have been influenced or coached.

Adell considered several explanations for the phenomenon:

• Material or Physical Phenomenon: This was largely dismissed due to the complete lack of noise, the incredible speeds, and the silent, complex movements observed.
• Luminous Physical Phenomenon (Foo-Fighters): This was considered as a possibility, but the specific details of the Yuste sighting seemed to go beyond typical foo-fighter reports.
• Subjective Experience/Alucination: This became the leading hypothesis. Adell proposed several sub-categories:
• Spontaneous Alucination: Potentially caused by psychological factors or an unknown agent.
• Involuntarily Provoked Alucination: Induced by factors like prolonged exposure to bright light (the sunrise), physical or chemical agents, or even intoxication.
• Expressly and Voluntarily Provoked Alucination: Through hypnosis, telepathy, or other means by terrestrial individuals.
• Provoked by Extraterrestrial Beings: A less favored but still considered possibility.

Adell emphasized the witness's sincerity and the lack of motive for deception, but he found the narrative's structure and the memory gap highly suggestive of an induced experience rather than a direct observation of physical objects.

Conclusion and Editorial Stance

Adell concluded that the Yuste phenomenon was likely a subjective experience, not a physical one. He suggested it might have been provoked by third parties, possibly exploiting the glare of the sunrise. The elaborate "dance" could have been a pre-planned or improvised maneuver. He also considered the possibility of a psychological shock causing the amnesia. The limited scope of the phenomenon, confined to the witness's perception, and the absence of other witnesses, despite the proximity to a populated area, further supported the subjective interpretation.

The magazine's stance, as reflected in Adell's analysis, leans towards a psychological explanation for the Yuste sighting, emphasizing the witness's sincerity while questioning the objective reality of the observed phenomena. The investigation highlights the complexities of UFO reports and the challenges in distinguishing between genuine sightings and subjective experiences.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue reflects a recurring theme in UFO literature: the critical examination of witness testimony, the search for corroborating evidence, and the exploration of psychological and environmental factors that might influence perceptions. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry, willing to consider extraordinary explanations while maintaining a rigorous analytical approach, prioritizing logical deduction and evidence-based conclusions. The magazine seems to favor explanations that can be grounded in known phenomena or psychological principles, even when dealing with seemingly inexplicable events.

This issue of Stendek, Volume 1, Issue 05, published in 1970 by Eridani AEC, is primarily focused on the classification and analysis of UFO phenomena. The content is in Spanish and features articles by Antonio Aparicio, Josep Serra, and Joan Crexells, alongside contributions from researchers and witnesses.

Case Study: Cuacos de Yuste

The issue begins with an analysis of a case involving Florencio Moreno y Moreno, a witness from Cuacos de Yuste. Moreno, described as a simple, mentally sound farmer with a good understanding of UFO issues, reported a two-hour 'blank' period during an observation. The article explores the behavior of his mule during the event, suggesting it might have served as a link to reality. The author, Antonio Aparicio, speculates on the cause of the amnesia, considering both human and extraterrestrial origins, though he states more proof is needed for the latter.

Several Spanish UFO investigation centers' opinions are presented. Researchers Félix Ares, B. Legule, and David López interviewed Moreno. They proposed two hypotheses: a psycho-physiological phenomenon affecting Moreno, or the 'Rudge Effect'. The Rudge Effect, related to electrostatic charges generated by water bodies like the Valdecañas dam, is discussed as a potential explanation for luminous phenomena. However, meteorological data and geographical analysis suggest that ionizations from Valdecañas reaching Cuacos de Yuste against the prevailing wind are highly improbable.

Alberto Adell also contributes, noting that the Valdecañas dam is about 40 km from Cuacos de Yuste, separated by mountainous terrain. He dismisses the possibility of the Rudge Effect reaching Cuacos due to distance and natural barriers. National meteorological data indicates low humidity, cold temperatures, and scattered cloud cover, not conducive to extreme ionization events.

Case Study: Boadilla del Camino

Another incident is recounted, occurring on November 22, 1968, near Boadilla del Camino, Palencia. An agriculturist named Don Melecio reported being followed by red and white lights from an object described as arrowhead-shaped with a circular body. The lights disappeared as he approached, and no human or known vehicle was present. Don Melecio explained that he saw the lights dispersed over a 5 km radius on the plains near the road.

Critical Considerations on UFO Classification

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to a critical review of Dr. Jacques Vallée's UFO classification system, presented by Josep Serra and Joan Crexells. They argue that Vallée's 1966 classification, based on 'Mysterious Flying Objects' (MOC), is now incomplete and requires updating due to advancements in the field.

Serra and Crexells propose a new framework focusing on 'Unusual Space Phenomena' (FIE), which encompasses a broader range of observations, including 'foo-fighters' and luminous phenomena, not just strictly unidentified flying objects. They suggest that Vallée's classification underemphasizes the 'occupant' aspect, placing it only in Type I (landings) with a restricted Class C. Their proposal elevates occupants to a separate Type (Type VII) with multiple classes.

They also highlight the need for new types to classify observations occurring over large bodies of water (Type II) and those made by cosmonauts from space (Type V). They question the classification of phenomena like the 'luminous rectangle' seen in Cazalla de la Sierra, suggesting it might be a 'derived phenomenon' rather than a landing.

The authors aim to stimulate discussion for a more current and functional ordering of UFO manifestations. They define 'Characteristics Propias' (specific to a type) and 'Características Comunes' (applicable to multiple types), proposing a coding system using Roman numerals, capital letters, numbers, and lowercase letters.

• They then detail nine proposed Types:
• Type I: UFO landed on the ground (landing).
• Type II: UFO landed on water (amerizaje).
• Type III: UFO observed in the atmosphere, performing maneuvers.
• Type IV: UFO observed at high altitude, appearing as a luminous point.
• Type V: UFO observed by astronauts from orbit.
• Type VI: Carrier ship ('cigar-shaped') in the atmosphere, possibly associated with clouds or smaller craft.
• Type VII: Occupants observed in various ways (inside, near, separate from the craft, interacting with witnesses, etc.).
• Type VIII: Derived Phenomenon, metallic/solid appearance (e.g., 'wheel', 'cylinder', 'cross').
• Type IX: Derived Phenomenon, luminous/immaterial appearance (e.g., 'ball', 'rectangle').

Common characteristics are further broken down into categories such as number of witnesses, observation conditions (e.g., specialized personnel, optical instruments), location (city, rural, desert, military zones), number of objects, number of occupants, direction, speed, and secondary effects (paralysis, burns, interference with electronics, teleportation, etc.).

The article concludes by suggesting a two-line codification for observations: the first for location (longitude, latitude, country, province, place) and the second for description (Type(s), own characteristics, common characteristics, and a 'weight' or valuation of the phenomenon).

Reader Engagement

The issue announces a new section for the next issue, titled "Cartas al Director" (Letters to the Editor), inviting readers to submit questions, opinions, and case reports on UFO phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores UFO sightings, witness testimonies, and scientific or pseudo-scientific explanations. There's a clear interest in developing systematic approaches to classifying and understanding these phenomena, as evidenced by the detailed critique and proposal for a new classification system. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious inquiry, attempting to apply logical and scientific methods to a subject often shrouded in mystery and speculation. The inclusion of reader contributions suggests an aim to foster a community of researchers and enthusiasts.