SPICA - No 04 - 2004 Janvier

Magazine Overview

Title: SPICA NEWS
Issue: N°4
Date: January 2004
Publisher: Association SPICA
Country: France
Price: 1,60 €

This issue of SPICA NEWS, a periodic review from the association Sciences et Phénomènes Insolites du Ciel et de l'Aéronautique (SPICA), focuses on astronomical and aeronautical topics. The cover prominently features Mars with the headline 'Mars: an expected UFO', suggesting a connection to unexplained aerial phenomena. The magazine aims to inform its members and the public about various scientific and unusual phenomena.

SPICA on the Internet

The magazine details the existence and evolution of the SPICA association's website. Launched in December 2002 by Christian Kiefer and Christian Morgenthaler, the site was later taken over and improved by Christophe Marz in October 2003. The website's address is now http://www.spica.org. It serves as a platform for members to share articles, ideas, and images relevant to the association's interests, encouraging active participation.

Editorial and Association Activities

The editorial section, written by the President, acknowledges delays in publication due to familial obligations and a computer issue, apologizing for the late arrival of issue number 4. It highlights the association's participation in various events, detailed in the 'activities of the association' section. A concern is raised about the low attendance at association meetings, which is demotivating for organizers. The editorial suggests that observation evenings will be moved earlier and include a short training session before nightfall. The association is presented as dynamic and adaptable, aiming to evolve with its members and scientific progress.

Astronomical Observations and Data

Conjunction of Moon and Jupiter: Christian Morgenthaler recounts observing the conjunction of the Moon and Jupiter on February 15, 2003. He describes the setup, the visual spectacle, and the visibility of Jupiter's satellites (Europe, Callisto, Ganymede, and later Io). The article also briefly mentions other astronomical events in 2003, such as the occultation of Europe by Io and the passage of Jupiter's Red Spot.

Telescope for Sale: A Celestron 114 X 900 telescope is offered for sale by Christiane Scagnetti for 300€, including accessories.

Practical Guide for Observation Evenings: Page 5 presents a practical memo for observation evenings, including distances of solar system bodies from the Sun and their diameters. It also lists deep-sky objects with their distances in light-years and brief observations, such as 'Amas du Canard Sauvage' (Wild Duck Cluster) and the Andromeda Galaxy. The speed of light and the definition of a parsec are also provided.

Formation Astronomy: Our Planet Earth

This section, sourced from 'Astronomy for Dummies' by Stephen Maran and Pascal Bordé, begins a series on astronomy, starting with Earth.

Historical Perspective: Ancient Greeks and many humans believed Earth was the center of the universe, with celestial bodies orbiting it. Modern knowledge places the Sun at the center of our solar system.

Earth's Uniqueness: Earth is a telluric planet, characterized by liquid water covering 70% of its surface, abundant oxygen (21% of the atmosphere), tectonic plates, active volcanoes, and diverse life forms. While Mars and Venus might have shared some characteristics in the past, they no longer do.

Earth's Spheres: Earth is described as composed of several spheres: lithosphere (rock), hydrosphere (water), cryosphere (ice), atmosphere (air), and biosphere (living organisms).

Magnetosphere: The magnetosphere, a zone of influence protecting Earth from solar effects, is explained. It is generated by the molten iron core and extends into space, creating phenomena like auroras. The Van Allen radiation belts are mentioned, discovered by James Van Allen using Explorer 1.

Earth's Magnetic Field: The geomagnetic field, generated by the molten outer core, orients compasses and aids navigation for various creatures. Unlike Earth, Mars, Venus, and the Moon lack a global magnetic field.

Earth's Movements and Time: Earth rotates on its axis in approximately 24 hours (a solar day) and orbits the Sun in about 365.26 days (a year). The sidereal day is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds. Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is used as the standard, with local times adjusted accordingly (e.g., +1 hour in winter, +2 hours in summer in France).

Earth's Shape and Data: Earth is not perfectly spherical but slightly flattened at the poles due to rotation. Its equatorial diameter is 12756 km, and its polar diameter is 12714 km. Its circumference at the equator is 40070 km. Its mass is approximately 6000 trillion billion tons, and its density is 5.52 times that of water. Surface temperatures range from -88°C to +58°C.

The Seasons: The article clarifies that seasons are not caused by Earth's varying distance from the Sun but by the axial tilt of 23.4 degrees. This tilt causes different hemispheres to receive more or less direct sunlight throughout the year, leading to summer and winter. The orientation of the Earth's axis changes over long periods, pointing towards Thuban, then Vega, and eventually back to its current direction in 26,000 years.

Age of the Earth: Radioactive dating, particularly using isotopes like uranium and carbon-14, is presented as the precise method for determining the age of ancient objects. The oldest rocks on Earth are estimated to be 3.8 billion years old. However, erosion and geological activity destroy surface rocks, leading scientists to estimate Earth's age based on meteorites, which are considered remnants from the solar system's formation, suggesting an age of around 4.6 billion years for Earth and other planets.

Aeronautics

Air Force Information Day: Frédéric Morgenthaler reports on an Air Force information day held in June 2003 at CORA Dorlisheim. The exhibition featured aircraft models, including the FOUGA 90A (training aircraft) and the NORD 262 FRÉGATE (logistics transport aircraft), along with uniforms and a model of an airbase. Information was sought regarding unexplained phenomena and the August 2002 event, with the response being to inquire at airports.

Military Missions: The article touches upon the Air Force's role in surveillance, reinforcement, and training in other countries, including collaboration with naval aviation. It mentions the deployment of two Mirage IV reconnaissance aircraft and two C 135FR transport aircraft to the Persian Gulf in February for missions with the United Nations.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of SPICA NEWS demonstrates a commitment to exploring both well-established scientific topics (astronomy, Earth science) and more speculative or unusual phenomena (UFOs, Mars as a UFO). The association actively encourages member participation and aims to be a dynamic platform for sharing knowledge and fostering discussion. The editorial stance emphasizes scientific inquiry, a willingness to investigate unexplained events, and the importance of community engagement within the association. The inclusion of practical astronomical data and historical context for Earth science highlights a pedagogical approach, while the coverage of aeronautics broadens the scope of 'unusual phenomena' to include advanced technology and military operations.

This issue of the magazine, identified by the number 11, features a cover headline focusing on 'OVNIS et armes secrètes américaines.' (UFOs and Secret American Weapons). The content delves into ufological topics and recommended books, alongside reports on recent activities and astronomical information.

Recommended Book: UFOs and Secret American Weapons

The issue highlights a book by Jean-Pierre Petit, an astrophysicist and researcher at the CNRS, titled 'OVNIS et armes secrètes américaines.' Published by Editions Albin Michel in 2003, the book takes readers on a journey to the frontiers of science, particularly concerning Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Petit recounts extraordinary confidences from American colleagues at a congress in England regarding:

1. Black Projects: Secret American military programs for developing advanced aircraft.
2. MHD: Petit's alleged secret pursuit of MHD research, suggesting a 25-year European lag.
3. Aurora Aircraft: An unnamed craft reportedly flying at 10,000 km/h at an altitude of 60 km since the 1990s.
4. Secret Weapons: Such as hyper-velocity torpedoes traveling at 2,000 km/h.
5. Roswell Crash: Confidential information related to the Roswell incident, including the recovery of extraterrestrial debris and technology that allegedly changed the world.

Petit warns readers that the book is engaging, especially the first part. The second part of the book reportedly covers the 'Ummo dossier,' a topic of interest to Petit, presenting new facts on this long-standing case.

The article also notes that Petit's book has had an impact, citing an interview in 'Top secret n°06' where he claimed his book compelled the French military to make revelations about their advanced weaponry due to his criticism of their perceived lag. The author commends Petit's tenacity.

• Definitions provided:
• Black project: Secret US military armament programs for developing advanced aircraft.
• Ummo: An extraterrestrial government that allegedly contacted scientists and ufologists via typed letters starting in 1965, concerning their arrival, knowledge, and intentions.

Recent Activities of the Association

Chalons en Champagne Animation

A week-long animation event took place at the Carrefour shopping center in Chalons en Champagne, an idea conceived by Alain Blanchard. While such events attract public attention, the fast-paced nature of shopping means people often only glance at exhibits. However, it provided a accessible venue for astronomy and ufology enthusiasts to meet and organize.

The author attended on Friday and Saturday, meeting old friends like Christine ZwyGART and Thierry ROCHER, and new acquaintances like Gérard LEBAT and Francine FOUERE. The event also led to invitations for future animations in the Ardennes region, specifically in Signy l'Abbaye.

Thanks are extended to Françoise and Alain for their hospitality and organization.

Signy l'Abbaye: An Original Idea

Following the Chalons event, Michel Jacob invited the association to participate in an animation in Signy l'Abbaye titled 'Jeu découvre' (I discover). The team arrived on May 10th and set up their ufological exhibition, getting acquainted with local friends and life in Signy.

The village animation was not solely focused on astronomy and ufology but included various themes organized by regional associations, such as mountain biking, archery, and historical exhibits. It offered activities for all ages.

Many people visited the exhibition, asking questions and seeking explanations. While this event might not lead to significant association growth in the Ardennes, it fostered new friendships with individuals interested in pursuing research in their region.

Gratitude is expressed to Michel and Etienne for their welcome, invitations, and donations to the association.

Almost on Television

In late August 2003, TF1 contacted the association for a report on UFOs, seeking to interview a witness. The report was scheduled for the following day's 1 PM news. After discussions, the team decided to feature a witness who observed a phenomenon above Strasbourg on August 21, 2002. The association confirmed their participation within two hours.

The following afternoon, the film crew arrived. The filming, which included questions about the UFO phenomenon for the witness and the association's work for the president, lasted over an hour.

However, when the report aired, it focused on Mars and featured well-known ufologists like Jean-Jacques Velasco, Jean-Claude Bourret, and Bernard Touanel, but contained no footage of the association's event. It was explained that the report was shortened, leading to the exclusion of SPICA's sequences.

The association learned that for future opportunities, they need to be more assertive about publication details, especially before members travel significant distances. TF1 opted for more prominent ufological writers, a lesson learned by the association.

The Festival of Science in Erstein

The association participated in the annual 'Fête de la Science' (Festival of Science) in Erstein. This event requires free admission and specific activities for schools. However, the organization relies on the participating entities for advertising.

This year, apart from posters placed in the town, there was no other publicity, resulting in a low visitor turnout and disappointment among the organizers. The association acknowledges this as a lesson for future events.

Astronomical Ephemerides

January

• Observe the Quadrantids until the 5th.
• Jupiter's Great Red Spot visible at meridian at 4:10 UT.
• The Moon passes 4° from Saturn.
• Full Moon on the 7th.
• The Moon approaches Jupiter before dawn on the 12th.
• Last Quarter on the 15th.
• New Moon on the 21st.
• The Great Red Spot is observable around 3:00 UT on the 23rd.
• The Moon with Mars in the evening on the 27th.
• First Quarter on the 29th.

February

• The Moon with Saturn.
• The Great Red Spot is visible around 2:00 UT.
• Full Moon on the 6th.
• Passage of Europa and its shadow, then Io and its shadow on the 12th/13th.
• Last Quarter on the 13th.
• Sky observation evening at 8:30 PM on the 20th.
• Observe the Great Red Spot between 0:00 and 1:00 UT on the 14th.
• New Moon on the 19th.
• Board of Administration meeting on the 20th.
• Close conjunction of the Moon and Venus at dusk on the 21st.
• The Moon is 4° from Mars on the 23rd.
• First Quarter on the 28th.

March

• The Great Red Spot visible at meridian at 0:17 UT on the 2nd.
• Excellent observation conditions as the Moon is closest to Earth on the 4th.
• Meeting of the CNEGU (North East Committee of Ufological Groups) on the 6th/7th.
• The Moon and Jupiter rise together on the 7th.
• Full Moon on the 8th.
• Io and Europa simultaneously project their shadows on the 13th.
• Last Quarter on the 14th.
• Excursion to the Strasbourg planetarium on the 15th.
• Io and Europa project their shadows on the 20th.
• New Moon and Spring Equinox on the 20th.
• Sky observation evening at 7:30 PM on the 24th.
• Moon and Venus framed by Mercury and Mars on the 25th.
• Between the Moon and Mars on the 28th.
• Daylight Saving Time begins at 2:00 AM on the 29th.
• First Quarter on the 29th.
• Note: The General Assembly of the association is on April 3rd.

Planetary Ephemerides

The table provides sunrise ('Lever') and sunset ('Ccher') times for the Sun, Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn for specific dates in January, February, and March. It notes that Venus will be the evening star throughout the quarter, Mars and Saturn will be observable, and Jupiter will rise later in the night, becoming observable throughout the night as the days progress.

Astronautics

German Shuttle to Mars

A German space shuttle, 'Mars Express,' developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), is scheduled to launch in May to photograph Mars and conduct probes by Christmas 2003. This is ESA's first planetary mission, equipped with a high-definition HRSC camera and a 'Pluto' type sounder. Its budget of 150 million euros is modest compared to NASA's 1997 Mars mission.

The DLR (German Aerospace Center) also stated that the delivery of the German 'Columbus' research module to the International Space Station (ISS) might be delayed due to the 'Columbia' shuttle explosion on February 1st. The module is theoretically due in October 2004, but this timeline depends on the accident's cause being established soon.

Columbia Accident: NASA Implicated

A report by an independent committee of 13 investigators found that the 'Columbia' shuttle explosion on February 1st was caused by a breach in its thermal shield, resulting from a piece of insulation detaching during takeoff. However, the report also cited significant organizational problems within NASA.

The report details eight 'missed opportunities' to detect the problem post-incident. It mentions repeated technician warnings about thermal shield damage that went unanswered and a rejected proposal from the Pentagon to use spy satellites to observe the shuttle. An 'inexperienced team' analyzed the insulation's impact on the shield, concluding there was no danger, a finding accepted by officials with 'low concern.'

Investigators believe a rescue operation could have been attempted if NASA had accurately assessed the danger. The Atlantis shuttle could have been launched for an emergency rendezvous to transfer the crew.

The committee recommended improvements to NASA's internal organization and suggested that in case of suspected incidents, astronauts should be able to perform spacewalks to inspect the shuttle's thermal shield and conduct repairs from the ISS.

President George W. Bush assured that the US space program would continue, with future NASA steps determined after reviewing the report.

Column: Stop on the Sky N° 3

Mercury's Transit Across the Sun

On Wednesday, May 7, 2003, Mercury passed in front of the Sun, slightly dimming its light by 0.004%. This rare event, unlike lunar eclipses, garnered little public attention. The next observable transit in France will be on May 9, 2016.

The phenomenon began at 7:11 AM. Despite a slight haze, the sky was clear. This event served as a general rehearsal for the more spectacular transit of Venus on June 8, 2004.

Observation equipment was set up around 6:45 AM. The Sun, having risen at 6:22 AM, was initially obscured by haze and low clouds. Few passersby showed interest in the telescope.

Around 7:00 AM, an initial attempt to observe the Sun was made, but the horizon's obstruction and a solar filter reducing light to 1/100,000th made the image almost invisible. The article stresses the importance of using quality solar filters and warns against using 'eclipse' glasses directly with optical instruments, as the focused light can cause irreversible retinal damage. These glasses are only for naked-eye observation.

At 7:11:35 AM, Mercury began its transit. The event, occurring about 84 million km away, involved Mercury (4879 km diameter) moving across the Sun (1,392,530 km diameter). Unfortunately, the initial contact was not visible due to the weather. A curious passerby, after receiving explanations, also could not observe the phenomenon.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine covers a range of topics including ufology, space exploration, astronomy, and scientific news. The editorial stance appears to be one of reporting on these subjects, often from a critical or investigative perspective, as seen in the review of Jean-Pierre Petit's book and the analysis of the Columbia accident. There's a clear emphasis on sharing information, encouraging public interest in science and ufology, and learning from past experiences, whether they are related to scientific endeavors or organizational challenges. The inclusion of astronomical ephemerides and sky maps suggests a dedication to providing practical information for amateur astronomers and enthusiasts.

Title: SPICA NEWS
Issue: 3
Publisher: SPICA
Country: France
Language: French

This issue of SPICA NEWS delves into a diverse range of topics, from astronomical phenomena and space exploration to the intricacies of ufological investigation and the physics of optical instruments.

Astronomical Events and Space Exploration

The issue begins with a vivid account of the Mercury transit observed on May 31, 2003. The author, Dominique Schall, describes the Sun appearing through a hazy atmosphere, with Mercury visible as a dark silhouette. The transit, lasting 5 hours and 24 minutes, offered a humbling perspective on celestial mechanics. Schall also notes that May 2003 was rich in astronomical events, including a total lunar eclipse on May 16 and a partial solar eclipse on May 31.

Further astronomical news includes the impending launch of NASA's new infrared space telescope, SIRTF, on August 23, 2003. This $1.2 billion mission aims to study cold celestial objects and potentially discover Earth-like planets. The telescope, equipped with an 85 cm mirror and cryogenic instruments, is expected to provide deeper insights into the universe.

Another significant report details the asteroid '2003 QQ47', a 1.2-kilometer wide object with a 1 in 909,000 chance of impacting Earth on March 21, 2014. Kevin Yates, project director at the British Astronomical Association Information Centre, confirmed that the asteroid is being closely monitored. While the risk is low, bookmakers are already offering bets on the event.

Ufology and Investigation Methods

The magazine dedicates a significant portion to ufology, starting with a discussion on the objectivity of research and the definition of UFOs. The article "Déroulement d'une enquête" outlines a structured approach to investigating UFO sightings. It emphasizes the importance of gathering comprehensive information from witnesses, including contact details, observation specifics (time, duration, location), phenomenon description, and any accompanying events. The process involves a 12-part notification form designed to facilitate data collection.

Several recent UFO reports are presented. One account from Brens, France, describes a luminous triangular white object observed on August 2, 2003. Another report from Rennes le Château mentions a sparkling luminous phenomenon with a comet-like tail observed on August 1. A detailed investigation is presented concerning a sighting near Strasbourg on August 3-4, 2003, where two witnesses observed a blurry, cloud-like phenomenon and took digital photographs. The investigation highlights the importance of visual and photographic references for identifying phenomena.

The article also touches upon the Mystery Park in Interlaken, Switzerland, an attraction conceived by Erich von Daniken, which recreates enigmas from ancient civilizations. The association SPICA plans to organize a visit to this park.

Atmospheric Science and Optics

A section titled "Météorologie" explains the Earth's atmosphere as a gaseous envelope retained by gravity, divided into distinct layers: Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere. The Troposphere, the lowest layer, is crucial for life and free flight. The standard atmosphere, defined by the O.A.C.I., characterizes pressure and temperature variations with altitude.

The "OPTIQUE" section, authored by Marc Dobler, provides a detailed explanation of optical instruments like binoculars, telescopes, and lenses. It emphasizes the importance of diameter (light-gathering capability) and aperture (F/D ratio) in determining an instrument's performance. Dobler explains how a small F/D ratio (open instrument) leads to high brightness, suitable for faint objects, while a large F/D ratio (closed instrument) results in higher contrast and is better for brighter objects like planets and the Moon, preventing glare.

Constellations

The issue includes a section on the constellation "La Grande Ourse" (Ursa Major), one of the oldest and most recognized constellations. It discusses various legends associated with it, including Greek mythology (Callisto and Arcas) and Native American interpretations. The article highlights its role in locating the North Star and mentions notable celestial objects within its boundaries, such as Mizar with Alcor, and galaxies M81 and M101.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the meticulous observation and documentation of both astronomical and anomalous phenomena. The magazine promotes a scientific and objective approach to research, whether studying distant galaxies or investigating UFO sightings. There is a clear emphasis on the importance of accurate data, witness testimony, and the use of appropriate scientific tools and methods. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry, encouraging readers to engage with scientific discoveries and unexplained events with a critical yet curious perspective.

This issue of OVNI magazine, identified by its cover number '27', focuses on an investigation into a reported aerial phenomenon. The main cover headline announces that "Mars, la planète rouge, a croisé la belle bleue" (Mars, the red planet, crossed the beautiful blue one), indicating the primary subject of the issue.

Investigation of an Astronomical Phenomenon

The article details an investigation into a phenomenon that appeared to be located on the ecliptic, the imaginary line along which planets, the Sun, and the Moon appear to move. Initially, the investigators considered the possibility of a planet being the cause. They requested the witness to photograph the Moon with the same digital camera used for the observation, expecting a clear image of a bright planet.

However, the most obvious explanation did not immediately present itself. The investigators, being amateur astronomers, admit that their pre-existing knowledge might have led to a "bad judgment" and "habit leading to error." They eventually identify the phenomenon as the planet Mars, which was in a phase of close approach to Earth. The article highlights that on the night of August 27-28, Mars would be visible very close to Earth, at a distance of 55,758 million kilometers, marking the closest opposition in 73,000 years.

Consultation of astronomical ephemerides after the investigation definitively supported this explanation. The comparison of apparent diameters by the two witnesses also provided strong evidence: one witness estimated the phenomenon's size as 8 or 9 units and the Moon as 18, while the other estimated the phenomenon at 12 and the Moon at 17 or 18. Despite a potential overestimation, these values were considered consistent with the observation. The planet's brightness was amplified by the presence of light morning mist at the time of observation.

The author, Dominique Schall, along with C Morgenthaler, expresses gratitude to the witnesses and their family for their welcoming hospitality. They also mention a professional astronomer who had suggested Altaïr (the star in the constellation Aquila) as an explanation, forgiving his confusion and wishing his wife a prompt recovery.

Role of the Gendarmerie and Scientific Inquiry

The article concludes with a message to the Gendarmerie, who were contacted by the witness's mother to report the phenomenon. Acknowledging the common skepticism towards UFO reports, the existence of hoaxes, and dismissive attitudes, the author thanks the Gendarmerie for taking witness depositions seriously. The message emphasizes that witnesses are human beings seeking reassurance, and that the search for explanations for these phenomena is advancing, with scientists beginning to ask questions. The author stresses that "every testimony is important and can prove essential for an explanation or a better understanding of these phenomena."

SPICA Association Information

The second page of the document promotes the SPICA association, which is dedicated to astronomy, meteorology, aeronautics, space exploration, and ufology. SPICA invites individuals to share their knowledge and ideas to develop the association and advance scientific understanding. The association's core principles are respecting others' passions and conducting research scientifically and objectively, avoiding dogma and sensationalism.

SPICA offers to investigate unusual phenomena for witnesses, guaranteeing anonymity and collaborating with them to identify what they observed. Contact information for SPICA is provided, including their address in ODRATZHEIM, France, phone number, email address ([email protected]), and website (http://www.spica.org/).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly advocates for a scientific and rational approach to investigating unusual phenomena, particularly those related to ufology. It debunks a potential UFO sighting by identifying it as a known astronomical event (Mars during opposition). The magazine highlights the importance of accurate observation, data collection (photography), and astronomical knowledge in resolving such cases. It also commends official bodies like the Gendarmerie for their open-mindedness towards witness reports and encourages continued scientific inquiry into unexplained phenomena. The editorial stance is one of skepticism towards sensationalism and a commitment to evidence-based explanations, while still valuing witness testimonies as crucial data points for research.