Sokaren - 2004 No 02

Magazine Overview

Title: Sökaren
Issue: Nr 2, 2004 (årgång 41)
Date: March 2004
Publisher: Sökaren
Country: Sweden
Price: 50:- inkl moms

This issue of Sökaren, a Swedish magazine for life questions, features a cover story titled "ZARATHUSTRA SAMTALAR MED EN ICKE ALLSMÄKTIG SKAPARE" (Zarathustra Talks with a Non-Omnipotent Creator).

Article: När upplysningen kom till Sverige... (When Enlightenment Came to Sweden...)

This extensive article by Marie-Thérèse Charpentier details the experience of Anette Carlström, a Swedish woman who claims to have achieved "enlightenment" after meeting spiritual masters Kalki and Amma in India. Carlström describes her transformation as a profound inner peace, joy, and love, and a permanent shift in her consciousness. The article delves into Kalki and Amma's teachings, which posit that enlightenment is a neurological process occurring in the brain's left hemisphere, a concept explored in neurotheology by figures like James H. Austin, Andrew Newberg, and Eugene d'Aquili. Carlström recounts her initiation ceremony and the overwhelming energy she experienced, leading to a permanent state of bliss and a new perception of reality.

The article also touches upon the philosophical underpinnings of enlightenment, suggesting it's a state of unity with the divine and a release from the illusion of a separate self, aligning with concepts found in Eastern philosophies.

Article: Kamp för en mer rättvis värld och för skydd av miljön belönades av Right Livelihood Award Foundation (A Fight for a More Just World and Environmental Protection was Rewarded by the Right Livelihood Award Foundation)

This report by Åsa Freij highlights the 2003 Right Livelihood Award recipients. The award, often called the "alternative Nobel Prize," was founded by Jakob von Uexkull to honor practical solutions to global problems. The recipients were:

• David Lange (New Zealand): For his work towards a nuclear-free world.
• Citizens' Coalition for Economic Justice (CCEJ) (South Korea): For working towards a more democratic, just, and solidaristic economy.
• SEKEM (Egypt): For demonstrating that a profitable business can be combined with humanity, spirituality, and environmental care.
• Nicanor Perlas and Walden Bello (Philippines): For their significant roles in advocating for a fairer and healthier world order.

The article also discusses the Right Livelihood Foundation's tax status in Sweden and the importance of its work in recognizing individuals and organizations dedicated to human rights, social justice, peace, and environmental protection.

Article: Var Jesus vegetarian? (Was Jesus a vegetarian?)

Authored by Elisabeth Gustavsson, this article examines the historical evidence and arguments surrounding whether Jesus and his early followers were vegetarians. It draws heavily on Keith Akers' book "The Lost Religion of Jesus: Simple Living and Nonviolence in Early Christianity." The article explores the divisions within early Christianity (Jewish-Christians, Gentile-Christians, and Gnostics) and highlights the Ebionites, a Jewish-Christian group, who are presented as potentially closer to Jesus' original teachings. Evidence from early Christian texts, such as the Clementine Homilies and Epiphanius' Panarion, suggests that figures like Peter and the Ebionites abstained from meat. The article also discusses the rejection of animal sacrifice by the Ebionites and contrasts this with the later development of Christian doctrine. It questions the interpretation of certain Gospel passages, such as the feeding of the multitudes, and suggests that the mention of fish might be a later addition. The article concludes that while definitive proof is elusive, the early Christian emphasis on nonviolence and compassion for all life could align with a vegetarian lifestyle.

Article: Vördnad för livet (Reverence for Life)

This section features quotes from Albert Schweitzer, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate known for his philosophy of "reverence for life." Schweitzer's ethical framework emphasizes the inherent value of all living beings and the moral imperative to alleviate suffering. The text highlights his work as a physician in Africa and his profound respect for animals, urging compassion and the avoidance of unnecessary harm.

Article: Om livets meningslöshet och dödens mening (On the Meaninglessness of Life and the Meaning of Death)

Written by Bertil Falk, this article contemplates the existential questions of life's meaning and the meaning of death. Drawing inspiration from visits to catacombs in Paris and cemeteries in Calcutta, Falk reflects on the transience of life and the human need for meaning. He discusses various theories of life's origin, from Svante Arrhenius' panspermia to Charles Fort's "garden of Eden" hypothesis, noting that none definitively answer the question of life's purpose. Falk contrasts the individual's search for meaning with divinely ordained meanings proposed by religions. He touches upon Eastern philosophies like Buddhism and Hinduism, which offer paths to liberation or unity with the divine. The article acknowledges the difficulty in proving or disproving the existence of a creator and the potential for life and death to be perceived as meaningless without a higher purpose. It also briefly mentions the concept of suicide as a possible consequence of a perceived lack of meaning.

Article: Ateist, teist eller agnostiker? (Atheist, Theist, or Agnostic?)

This piece, likely by Göran Brusewitz, presents definitions and quotes from prominent figures like E. Haldeman-Julius, Isaac Asimov, H. Havelock Ellis, Thomas H. Huxley, and Charles Darwin on atheism and agnosticism. It explores the idea that the concept of God might be a human construct and discusses the limitations of human intellect in comprehending ultimate truths. The article also introduces the "Atheists for Jesus" organization, whose leader, Ken Schei, values Jesus' teachings while not believing in his divinity. Schei's research into the Ebionites and their differing interpretations of early Christianity compared to Pauline Christianity is also mentioned.

Article: Skeptikernas galjonsfigur besöker Stockholm (The Skeptics' Figurehead Visits Stockholm)

Authored by Göran Brusewitz, this article reviews a visit by illusionist James Randi to Stockholm. Randi, known for debunking paranormal claims, is described as an entertainer who uses tricks to expose alleged fraud in areas like psychic surgery, healing, and mediumship. Brusewitz notes that while Randi effectively demonstrates how deception can occur, he is less effective at proving the improbability of genuine paranormal phenomena. The article also mentions Randi's million-dollar prize for anyone who can prove supernatural abilities under controlled conditions, suggesting that Randi designs these tests to be extremely difficult to pass. Brusewitz expresses a desire for more open dialogue between skeptics and serious parapsychological researchers.

Article: Jakten på den heliga graalen i parapsykologin: En vägvisare (The Hunt for the Holy Grail in Parapsychology: A Guide)

By Adrian Parker, this article argues for the validity of parapsychological research, countering skeptical claims that psi phenomena are marginal and unreproducible. Parker presents a list of well-controlled experiments and meta-analyses that suggest the existence of psi effects. He emphasizes the importance of replication and the need for theoretical frameworks to understand these phenomena. The article discusses the historical development of parapsychology, including the work of J.B. Rhine, and highlights the ongoing debate about the reproducibility of results and the role of experimental design. It also touches upon the concept of "basfenomen" (basic phenomena) and "meta-analyser" (meta-analyses) in parapsychological research.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of spirituality, the nature of consciousness, and alternative perspectives on life and existence. It engages with both Eastern and Western philosophical and religious traditions, seeking to understand profound questions about life, death, and the universe. There is a clear interest in phenomena that lie outside conventional scientific understanding, such as enlightenment, parapsychology, and UFOs, while also critically examining claims and presenting different viewpoints, including those of skeptics. The magazine appears to advocate for open-minded inquiry and a holistic approach to understanding reality.

This issue of Sökaren, dated 2/2004, features a cover story titled "Conversation about the UFO Enigma with Clas Svahn." The magazine delves into a wide range of topics, including UFO phenomena, parapsychology, consciousness, philosophy of science, alternative medicine, and book reviews.

UFOs and Extraterrestrial Encounters

The lead article is an interview with Clas Svahn, chairman of UFO-Sweden, discussing the prevalence of UFO sightings and beliefs in extraterrestrial visitors in Sweden. Svahn recounts the evolution of UFO reports over the decades, from 'phantom airships' and 'flying saucers' to modern 'abduction' narratives. He shares personal experiences, including a sighting with his wife, and notes the cultural differences in abduction reports between Sweden and the USA. The article also touches upon the historical context of UFO sightings, linking them to contemporary technological advancements.

Parapsychology Research

Several articles explore research in parapsychology. The issue reviews studies on Ganzfeld-telepathy, remote viewing, and the influence of experimenter effects and subject beliefs (the Sheep-Goat effect). It highlights research on high-performance subjects like Michael Bessent, Sean Harribance, Joe McMoneagle, Pavel Stepanek, and Bill Delmore. The debate surrounding the replicability of psi phenomena is discussed, referencing meta-analyses by Bem, Honorton, Milton, Wiseman, and Storm.

Consciousness and Philosophy of Science

Erland Lagerroth's work is featured, particularly his book "Sökandet är vårt största äventyr," which advocates for a new scientific paradigm that integrates natural sciences, philosophy, and consciousness studies. Lagerroth critiques the mechanistic view of life and evolution, emphasizing self-organizing, creative processes and the interconnectedness of organisms and their environment. The concept of 'developmental systems' and the limitations of genetic determinism are discussed, drawing on Susan Oyama's research. The issue also touches upon the idea of a 'general science' that bridges the gap between the 'two cultures' of science and humanities.

Alternative Medicine and Skepticism

The debate between conventional medicine and alternative therapies like homeopathy is presented. The article discusses the challenges faced by natural medicine in Germany due to stringent regulations and the influence of the chemical pharmaceutical industry. Skepticism towards paranormal claims is also addressed, with a mention of James Randi and the organization Vetenskap och Folkbildning (Science and Folkbildning), which awards 'Årets förvillare' (Villain of the Year) to those they deem to spread misinformation.

Book and Media Reviews

Several books are reviewed, including Pema Chödrön's "When Everything Falls Apart," which offers Buddhist perspectives on dealing with suffering; "Tankar om djur och människa" by Ingegerd Erlandsson, advocating for animal rights; Märta Carlstedt's vegetarian cookbook "Lär dig laga grön mat"; Boris Aranovich's book on self-healing, "Doktor Tanke"; and Richard Wiseman's "The Luck Factor," which explores principles for attracting good fortune. Reviews also cover CDs for relaxation and meditation by Sanna Ehdin and Doris Ankarberg.

Other Topics

The issue includes discussions on reincarnation, the concept of the 'Bible code' and its predictive claims, and the Zoroastrian religion's approach to the problem of evil (theodicy), which posits two opposing creators, Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu. A section titled "Visdomsbladet" (Wisdom Leaf) features quotes from various thinkers on life, spirituality, and wisdom.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores phenomena that challenge conventional scientific and philosophical paradigms. There is a clear interest in the paranormal, consciousness, and alternative ways of understanding the world. The editorial stance appears to be open-minded, encouraging critical inquiry into both established scientific views and alternative perspectives, while also acknowledging the importance of rigorous research and evidence. The publication seems to advocate for a more holistic and integrated understanding of reality, moving beyond reductionist or purely materialistic explanations.

Title: Nirvana
Issue: 2/2004
Volume: 40
Publisher: Sökaren
Date: February 2004

This issue of Sökaren magazine delves into the profound concept of Nirvana, a central idea in Hinduism and Buddhism. The cover headline, "Nirvana: ett centralt begrepp inom hinduismen och buddhismen" (Nirvana: a central concept in Hinduism and Buddhism), sets the stage for an exploration of this ultimate spiritual goal.

The Meaning and Nature of Nirvana

The article begins by explaining that the word "Nirvana" can be understood as a fire that has been extinguished. It describes Nirvana as a state of ultimate peace, freedom from the cycle of rebirth (samsara), and a release from the limitations of name and body. For Buddhists and many Hindus, Nirvana represents the ultimate aim of human striving, a state of complete rest and tranquility.

The earthly life is often perceived as a source of suffering, making the escape from the cycle of reincarnation a positive aspiration. The path to Nirvana involves extinguishing desires, and this state can be achieved through practices such as meditation or yoga, leading to a union with the divine.

Union with the Divine

When an individual achieves "samadhi," a profound mental state of union with Brahman (the universal soul), their individual soul (Atman) merges with the world soul. This process involves the life force being drawn from the body, breaking the cycle of rebirth, and the soul entering Nirvana. The text quotes Walther Eidlitz from "Livets mening och mål" (The Meaning and Goal of Life), describing this union as the attainment of "god-belonging's security and safety." The individual soul, like a drop of knowledge merging into the ocean of God, experiences the essence of the divine. This is presented as the ultimate sacrifice for a jnanayogi (one who follows the path of knowledge), where the self is offered up to achieve eternal stillness and merge into an infinite fire.

Diverse Interpretations of Nirvana

However, the article acknowledges that there are differing views on what Nirvana entails. For many, it does not signify annihilation of personality or definitive death, but rather freedom from the cycle of rebirth. In Nirvana, one is reunited with the fundamental force, Brahman, from which they originated.

Some interpret Nirvana as similar to the Christian concept of paradise – an eternal, blissful state. This view suggests an individual, active life in a spiritual realm where time and space are experienced differently. This spiritual world is considered the true reality, with the material world being a distorted reflection.

Swami Prabhupada, the guru of the Krishna movement, states that Nirvana signifies the cessation of the material life process, marking the beginning of true life. The Krishna movement describes this as an active, spiritual life, an individual existence in communion with Lord Krishna after attaining Nirvana. Followers of Prabhupada explain that within Nirvana, individuals engage in an active, loving relationship with Krishna.

Merton's Perspective

Thomas Merton, in "Zen and the Birds of Appetite," describes Nirvana as pure presence, not a negative state. He equates it with enlightenment for Buddhists and the highest human goal. Merton is quoted as saying: "When a person possesses knowledge of true reality and love, the roots of desire wither, misery ends, and truth is experienced in Nirvana's totality and simplicity: perfect consciousness and perfect compassion."

Ferguson's Encyclopedia Entry

John Ferguson's "An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Mysticism and the Mystery Religions" offers a description of Nirvana as the "refuge of Buddhists, beyond all heavens, a state of unspeakable peace, free from the world of time and space, free from that which depends on chance, free from the desire to be and the desire for what is, free from the arduous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, free from the senses, free from illusion, free from all passions, free from all that is fleeting and impermanent. It is a state of liberation, spiritual freedom, true health, merging into cosmic consciousness."

Buddha and Nirvana

Nirvana is understood as a realm beyond material reality, but also as a state of mind. Buddha is considered to have lived in Nirvana after his enlightenment.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue consistently presents Nirvana as a profound spiritual concept central to Eastern religions. The editorial stance appears to be one of exploration and explanation, presenting various interpretations and scholarly views on Nirvana without advocating for a single one. The recurring themes are liberation, enlightenment, the cessation of suffering, and the nature of ultimate reality, viewed through the lenses of both Hindu and Buddhist philosophies, with additional perspectives from Christian and modern spiritual movements.