Sokaren - 1988 No 06

Magazine Overview

Title: SÖKAREN
Issue: NR 6
Volume: NR 3
Date: 1988
Publisher: Sökaren
Country: Sweden
Price: 20:00 incl. moms

This issue of Sökaren magazine, titled "Kultur och livsvärden i en ny tid" (Culture and values in a new era), delves into the burgeoning New Age movement and its implications for society and individual lives. The magazine explores a shift in consciousness, moving away from materialism towards a more holistic and spiritual understanding of the world.

Key Themes and Articles

New Age: Core Concepts and Characteristics

The issue introduces "New Age" as a distinct cultural and spiritual phenomenon. It highlights several core tenets: a holistic worldview where everything is interconnected; ecological awareness and the understanding of nature's interconnectedness; a sense of global citizenship and universal brotherhood; a holistic view of humanity as a psychosomatic unity; the belief in a fundamentally non-material, spiritual universe; reverence for life; the value of love as a unifying force; positive thinking; and the recognition of humanity's vast, untapped potential. The magazine also outlines who New Age is for, emphasizing values like small-scale living, decentralization, international solidarity, simple living, zero growth, and quality of life. It lists various movements and organizations associated with New Age, including environmental and peace movements, holistic health practices, and spiritual collectives.

The "New Paradigm" and Societal Transformation

Jan Grönholm's article, "Alternativa världsbilder för en alternativ värld" (Alternative worldviews for an alternative world), discusses the concept of a "new paradigm" as a fundamental shift in societal understanding, moving beyond the limitations of the industrial society's materialistic and mechanistic worldview. He identifies key dilemmas of the industrial society: the growth dilemma, the work-role dilemma, the global distribution dilemma, and the control dilemma. Grönholm suggests that a new paradigm is emerging, characterized by shifts from scientific and academic knowledge to intuitive understanding, from representative politics to direct democracy, from institutional economics to gift economies, and from codified religious doctrines to personal spiritual experience. He also touches upon the work of Thomas Kuhn and Willis Harman in defining paradigm shifts and the challenges of societal transformation.

Ethical Frameworks of New Age

Mark Satin's contribution, "Etik och värderingar inom New Age" (Ethics and values within New Age), outlines four key ethical values: self-development, ecological ethics, self-reliance/cooperation ethics, and non-violence ethics. He argues that these are interconnected and essential for survival and well-being. Satin also translates these into six political values: maximizing social and economic well-being, maximizing social and political justice, maximizing cultural, intellectual, and spiritual freedom, maximizing environmental quality, maximizing autonomy of local communities and regions, and minimizing violence. The article critiques the idea that competition is inherent to human nature, presenting research that suggests cooperation is more productive and beneficial.

Critique of Competition

Alfie Kohn's article, "Ingen tävlan. Kritik av konkurrensen" (No competition. Critique of competition), challenges the notion that competition is necessary for productivity and quality. Kohn argues that competition is a social construct, not an inherent human trait, and that it often leads to negative consequences, including stress, superficial relationships, and the suppression of cooperation. He cites research indicating that cooperation is more effective and leads to better outcomes in various settings, from classrooms to workplaces.

The "Vattumannen" Bookstore and its Philosophy

The magazine features an article about "Vattumannen," a Stockholm-based bookstore that has undergone a renovation. The bookstore is presented as a hub for New Age literature and alternative lifestyles. The article explains that the name "Vattumannen" (Aquarius) refers to the current astrological age, which is characterized by insight and knowledge, moving away from the faith-based era of Pisces. The bookstore aims to provide resources that reflect this shift, offering books on esotericism, spirituality, and personal development. It highlights the founders' idealism and their commitment to promoting a new understanding of humanity and its place in the universe.

Spiritual and Mystical Experiences

Birgitta Fries-Ossiann's "Färdriktning" (Direction) explores personal experiences of spiritual awakening and mystical encounters. She discusses how near-death experiences or severe illness can lead to profound shifts in perspective, revealing a deeper spiritual reality that transcends material circumstances. The article touches upon the increasing evidence for a non-material, spiritual dimension of existence, referencing concepts like energy fields, auras, and the interconnectedness of all life. It suggests that a more organic spiritual worldview is emerging, aligning with ancient wisdom and modern scientific inquiry.

The "Creation Game" and Positive Manifestation

The "Skapelsespelet" (The Creation Game) section introduces a concept from the Canadian publication "Center Light." It suggests that thoughts are energy and that by focusing on positive desires and visualizations, individuals can actively participate in creating their reality and contributing to a harmonious world. This involves consciously transforming negative perceptions into positive ones, thereby influencing events and fostering a more positive environment.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Sökaren strongly advocates for a paradigm shift away from materialism and competition towards a more holistic, spiritual, and cooperative way of life. The editorial stance is one of promoting personal growth, ecological responsibility, and a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of all beings. The magazine champions the New Age movement as a pathway to a more meaningful and fulfilling existence, emphasizing the importance of inner development, ethical living, and a conscious engagement with the world. There is a clear belief in the transformative power of new ideas, new ways of thinking, and a renewed sense of spiritual awareness to address the challenges of the modern era.

This issue of "Sökaren" magazine, dated 1988, features a prominent article on the 14th Dalai Lama, titled "Dalai Lama: The leader who shows his greatness through his simplicity," by Åsa Freij. The magazine also includes extensive discussions on the New Age movement, its philosophical underpinnings, and its perceived societal impact, alongside a critical examination of the concept of 'brainwashing' and its historical context.

The Dalai Lama: Simplicity and Wisdom

Åsa Freij's report details a visit to Dharamsala, the Tibetan exile community in India, and an encounter with the 14th Dalai Lama. The article highlights the Dalai Lama's humble demeanor and his profound, yet simple, philosophy of life, emphasizing goodness towards others as the ultimate goal. Freij describes the resilience of the Tibetan people in maintaining their culture and identity despite their displacement due to Chinese occupation. The Dalai Lama's message of non-hatred towards their oppressors and his focus on compassion and universal love are central themes. The article touches upon the Dalai Lama's discovery and his role as the spiritual and temporal leader of the Tibetan people, noting his unassuming nature and his belief that his role is dependent on his ability to be a 'good Dalai Lama.'

New Age: A Movement of Contradictions?

The magazine dedicates significant space to analyzing the New Age movement. Håkan Blomqvist, in his article "New Age-rörelsen och förnuftets kris" (The New Age Movement and the Crisis of Reason), presents a critical perspective. He argues that New Age represents a dangerous retreat from rationalism and intellectualism, promoting a reliance on subjective experience, intuition, and mysticism over critical thinking and scientific inquiry. Blomqvist links New Age to a potential resurgence of fascism, citing its emphasis on spiritual leaders and a 'divine plan' that could lead to a theocratic state. He criticizes the movement's anti-intellectual stance, its promotion of 'inner knowledge' through mediums and psychics, and its tendency towards subjectivism, where personal feelings dictate reality.

Blomqvist also discusses the 'refinement syndrome' within New Age, characterized by a fear of the physical and a rejection of natural human drives like sexuality. He contrasts this with the 'anti-cult movement,' which he argues uses the concept of 'brainwashing' to legitimize intervention against new religious groups. He points to the historical use of 'brainwashing' in Chinese prisons and its subsequent adoption by anti-cult activists.

Björn Arvidsson offers a contrasting view in "New Age med olika ögon" (New Age Through Different Eyes). He defends the New Age movement against Blomqvist's criticisms, arguing that Blomqvist presents a one-sided and overly negative portrayal. Arvidsson acknowledges that New Age can have superficial or misguided elements but emphasizes its positive aspects, such as its holistic worldview, emphasis on love and personal responsibility, and interest in alternative therapies. He argues that New Age is a diverse movement with no single leader or dogma, and that its core ideas stem from human nature rather than specific mediums. Arvidsson suggests that Blomqvist's focus on negative aspects like fascism and sexual repression is misplaced, as these are not representative of the broader New Age ethos.

Brainwashing: Myth or Reality?

An article by Lise-Lotte Elman, "Hjärntvätt: ett ord som betyder allt och ingenting" (Brainwashing: A word that means everything and nothing), explores the concept of brainwashing. It traces its origins to Chinese indoctrination techniques in the 1950s, which involved a systematic combination of punishment and reward to break down an individual's resistance and rebuild their identity. Elman discusses how the term was introduced to the West and became a popular explanation for the behavior of American soldiers during the Korean War and for the recruitment tactics of new religious cults. The article highlights research by sociologists like Eileen Barker, who question the effectiveness and even the existence of 'brainwashing' as a distinct technique, suggesting that cult recruitment relies more on psychological and social factors, and that the 'brainwashing' theory is often a myth used by the anti-cult movement.

Alternative Medicine and the Question of Proof

An article by Lars Holmgren, "Alternativ medicin och bevisfrågan" (Alternative Medicine and the Question of Proof), examines the scientific validation of alternative medicine. Professor Olov Lindahl is quoted, arguing that many alternative methods are scientifically proven, despite criticism from conventional medicine. Lindahl points out that even scientifically proven methods have limited success rates, and that the absence of double-blind tests for many conventional medical practices (like surgery or chemotherapy) is often overlooked. He suggests that the scientific establishment sometimes dismisses alternative therapies based on theoretical objections rather than empirical evidence, a stance he finds unscientific and backward-looking.

Other Content

The magazine also includes poetry, such as "ABSOLUT IDEALISM" by Åsa Freij and "HAN" by Björn Arvidsson, and a section on Christian Science, inviting readers to learn more about it.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue grapples with the tension between rationalism and mysticism, science and spirituality. It critically examines the New Age movement, highlighting both its perceived dangers (anti-intellectualism, potential for fascism) and its positive aspects (holistic worldview, compassion). The concept of 'brainwashing' is deconstructed, revealing its use as a tool in societal and personal conflicts. The debate over the scientific validity of alternative medicine is also a significant theme. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, seeking to understand complex phenomena while challenging unsubstantiated claims and potentially harmful ideologies.

This issue of *Sökaren*, number 6 from 1988, is an independent journal for life philosophy, published by Sven Magnusson. The cover story, "Hjärntvätt i nyandligheten?" (Brainwashing in New Age?), addresses concerns about undue influence within new religious movements. The magazine features a range of articles on spirituality, alternative health, and paranormal phenomena.

Bengt Stern Controversy

The issue opens with a report on doctor Bengt Stern, who has received a second warning from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The board criticizes Stern for treating patients with psychosomatic illnesses without adequate investigation, instead recommending his own courses. Stern, who no longer practices medicine but works as a course leader, believes in the connection between body and soul and that individuals can choose to be healthy through mental attitude. Professor Jan-Otto Ottosson, an expert consulted by the board, describes Stern's philosophy as a superficial and uncritical mix, a deviation from psychotherapy stemming from a lack of knowledge and talent.

New Age and Alternative Worldviews

Several articles explore the New Age movement. Jan Grönholm discusses "New Age – basic ideas" and "New Age – characteristic traits," suggesting that while there isn't a single unified view, a common thread involves a holistic perspective on humanity, society, and the world. Mark Satin presents a vision of the New Age movement, and Kirsti Holmgren's "Rösten" (The Voice) is mentioned. Alfie Kohn's critique of competition is discussed, with the magazine noting that while competition shouldn't be entirely abandoned, it's good that such thoughts are being raised. Mona Rehn and SM also contribute on "Vattumannen – en nya tidens bokhandel" (Aquarius – a New Age bookstore).

Alternative Medicine and Science

The magazine features a review of the report "Fakta och röster om alternativ medicin" (Facts and Voices on Alternative Medicine) by the Alternative Medicine Committee (AMK). The review highlights that the Swedish public generally has a positive view of alternative treatments. The report analyzes surveys on Swedes' experiences and attitudes towards alternative therapies, finding that a holistic view of the person, considering environment, lifestyle, and psychological/spiritual factors, is a common element. The review also touches upon the differing opinions among medical professionals regarding alternative medicine, with some advocating for its integration and others for its eradication.

Ufology and Parapsychology

An article by K Stenødegård discusses the challenges of pseudoscientific claims, particularly in parapsychology. The author argues for stricter scientific criteria and criticizes the lack of consensus within the parapsychological community itself. The issue also mentions an article by Piet Hein Hoeben on "Reason and Unreason in Parapsychology." The magazine notes that the Indian guru Sai Baba has been the subject of investigations by Indian researchers who have faced resistance from the guru.

Spiritual and Personal Development

Several sections offer resources for personal and spiritual growth. "Stjärnor och planeter!!!" (Stars and Planets!!!) advertises services from astrologers offering cassette-based lectures on various topics, including prophecies, reincarnation, and the "New Age." The "BIO-RYTM?!" section explains the concept of personal biorhythms (physical, emotional, intellectual) and offers a service to calculate and interpret them for a year in advance. Practical lessons in Kriya Yoga are advertised, as are courses in Reiki healing. Swami Sangopadras' inventions, such as a water filter and a reading board, are also featured.

Book Reviews and Reader Contributions

The issue includes a book review of "Footprints on the Path" by Eileen Caddy, which is described as a powerful spiritual message about divine work and personal responsibility. Reader contributions include a "Kontakt" section with personal ads seeking friends and a request to buy a specific book. The magazine also lists several New Age bookstores across Sweden and Finland.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the burgeoning New Age movement, alternative health practices, and the exploration of the paranormal and spiritual dimensions of life. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, encouraging critical examination of both established and alternative viewpoints, while also acknowledging the potential for exploitation and the need for evidence-based understanding. There's a clear interest in providing readers with information and resources related to these topics, fostering a sense of community among like-minded individuals.