Sokaren - 1979 No 05

Magazine Overview

Title: SÖKAREN
Issue: NR5
Year: 1979

This issue of Sökaren magazine, dated 1979, features a prominent interview with Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan, the leader of the Sufi Order in the West, discussing his views on the 'Holistic Age' and the nature of love. The magazine also delves into the controversial topic of biorythm theory, presenting research that questions its scientific validity. Other articles explore the phenomenon of 'deprogramming' in the USA, the tragic events at Jonestown, the Japanese religion Seicho-No-Ie, and the practice of aura interpretation.

Interview with Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan

Per Sellmann interviews Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan, son of the founder of the Sufi Order, Hazrat Inayat Khan. Pir Vilayat, who has dedicated the last 20 years to teaching meditation and writing, shares his perspective on the 'New Age,' which he prefers to call the 'Holistic Age.' He criticizes the previous association of the 'New Age' with the psychedelic era of the 1960s and the division between 'ordinary people' and those seeking spiritual development. The Holistic Age, in his view, is characterized by a lack of racial divisions and master-disciple hierarchies, where individuals are socially responsible and understand their place within a larger whole. He emphasizes that every part of the whole shares the quality of the whole, and that individuals are responsible for everything that happens.

Pir Vilayat dismisses the notion of spiritual elites and highlights the growing awareness of global issues like ecology and social justice, citing Amnesty International as an example. He contrasts this with the perceived increase in violence, egoism, and materialism, while acknowledging a general awakening to greater consciousness. He believes that in the Holistic Age, people will be more goal-oriented rather than solely cause-oriented, moving beyond concepts like karma.

Regarding love, Pir Vilayat explains that for Sufis, God is both the subject and object, and humans are merely mediators. He states that God loves himself through us, and our love is a response to the divine love. He also touches upon his personal plans, aiming to live until the year 2000 and reduce his extensive travel schedule to focus on more local meetings and summer courses.

Biorythm Theory Under Scrutiny

The magazine presents a critical examination of biorythm theory, which posits three life rhythms: physical (23 days), emotional (28 days), and intellectual (33 days). Research conducted at Örebro University in Sweden, led by Lars-Eric Uneståhl, is highlighted. Studies involving athletes, brain hemorrhages, and heart attacks found no correlation between biorythm cycles and performance or health events. The researchers suggest that the widespread belief in biorythms may stem from confirmation bias, where critical days are noted while non-critical days are overlooked.

The article points out weaknesses in biorythm literature, including a lack of detailed methodology in cited studies and the disappearance of original research from pioneers like Fliess and Swoboda. The theory's premise that rhythms begin precisely at birth, regardless of birth circumstances, is questioned. Despite these criticisms, some historical statistics, like those presented by Hans Schwing, appear to support the theory by showing a higher frequency of accidents and deaths on critical days. However, the article suggests these statistics might be misleading or fabricated, particularly regarding the rarity of 'triple critical days.'

Further research, including a study on biorythms and brain hemorrhages by Gabrielsson and Lindblom, and studies on heart attacks and conception/birth by Appelqvist, Pauly, and Sjöholm, also failed to find significant support for the theory. The article concludes that while periodic variations in physical, emotional, and intellectual states may exist, the strict periodicity claimed by biorythm theory is not scientifically substantiated.

Deprogramming in the USA

The article discusses Ted Patrick, known as the 'father of deprogramming' in the USA. Parents who felt their adult children had been 'lost' to new religious movements like the Unification Church or Hare Krishna would turn to Patrick for help. His method involved forcibly abducting the individual, holding them in isolation, and subjecting them to intense psychological pressure, arguments, and emotional manipulation to make them renounce their beliefs. While Patrick claimed success, the article notes that some individuals later reported him to the police, and he faced legal consequences, including a conditional sentence and a prison term.

Roy Wallis, a sociologist who studied new religious movements, is quoted as questioning Patrick's reasoning and the concept of 'brainwashing.' Wallis suggests that Patrick's success might be due to the isolation and group dynamics within minority religious groups, where individuals may be more susceptible to influence when removed from their supportive community. He argues that while some individuals might exhibit unusual beliefs, they are not necessarily 'zombies' and that the term 'brainwashing' lacks scientific clarity.

The Jim Jones Tragedy and Cults

The mass suicide at Jonestown, Guyana, led by cult leader Jim Jones, is presented as a point of reference for discussing the dangers of new religious cults. Dr. J. Gordon Melton, a scholar of new religious movements, is interviewed about the case. Melton, who had studied Jim Jones and his Peoples Temple, notes that Jones began with a promising social agenda but later reports of abuse and violence emerged. The article highlights the role of isolation and group dynamics in such tragedies, suggesting that individuals who are dependent on authority figures may be particularly vulnerable.

Seicho-No-Ie: A New Religion in Japan

Per Sellmann reports on Seicho-No-Ie, a Japanese religion founded by Dr. Masaharu Taniguchi. The religion's core message is that all religions originate from a single universal truth. It teaches that the physical world is a reflection of our thoughts and that positive thinking is key to happiness. Seicho-No-Ie also emphasizes the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation, and it utilizes a meditation technique called 'Shinsokan' to achieve unity with God.

Aura Interpretation and Other Topics

The magazine features an article on John Griffiths, an English aura interpreter who lectured in Stockholm. Griffiths explained that auras are energy fields connected to the spiritual realm and reflect physical health. The article also touches upon the spiritualism of Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, who reportedly consulted spirits for guidance. Additionally, the 'Sökarguiden' section lists various summer courses and events related to spirituality, meditation, and alternative lifestyles.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue of Sökaren magazine consistently explores themes of spirituality, alternative belief systems, and the human quest for meaning. There is a critical yet open-minded approach to phenomena like biorythms and new religious movements, with a focus on presenting research and diverse perspectives. The magazine seems to advocate for a more holistic understanding of life, emphasizing personal responsibility, spiritual growth, and the interconnectedness of all things, while also cautioning against manipulation and unsubstantiated claims.

This issue of "Sökaren" (Seeker) from January 1979, features a cover story on the ancient Greek philosopher Anaximenes, exploring his theories on the fundamental nature of air. The magazine also delves into parapsychology, discussing research on hypnosis and ESP, and touches upon topics like Waldorf pedagogy, the work of sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, and the concept of compassion across different spiritual traditions.

Anaximenes: Air is Everything

The article by Rolf Ejvegård introduces Anaximenes, the third major thinker of the Milesian school, who lived around 585-524 BC. Unlike his predecessors, Anaximenes proposed air as the primary substance (arche) of the universe, rejecting the abstract 'apeiron' of Anaximander. He reasoned that air is abundant, permeates everything, and is essential for life, likening the human soul to air. Anaximenes believed that air could transform into other substances through condensation and rarefaction: thinning air becomes fire, while condensing it turns it into wind, cloud, water, and finally earth. This theory is presented as a simplification of Anaximander's ideas but offers a more tangible explanation for the diversity of matter. The article also touches upon Anaximenes' cosmology, suggesting celestial bodies are carried by a vortex of air, and his explanations for phenomena like eclipses, proposing the Earth's shape or tilt could cause the sun to be obscured.

SPF Information, January 1979: An Unsigned Editorial

This editorial from the Society for Parapsychological Research (SPF) notes a perceived crisis within the organization, characterized by low interest and participation in administrative activities, despite the presence of notable speakers. The editorial suggests that this inertia coincides with a period of intense debate and revelations of potential fraud or misconduct within the English parapsychological community, citing issues with experiments by S.G. Soals and the work of W.J. Levy. The author questions how many more such revelations will emerge and how much of parapsychology can be accepted as normal, concluding with a 'time will tell' sentiment.

Ur en artikel av Lawrence Le Shan i Parapsychology Review nr 1, 1979

This excerpt addresses criticism of parapsychology, particularly the argument that the field is filled with 'fools'. Le Shan counters this by comparing parapsychology research to modern physics, suggesting that to understand the field, one should consult reputable journals like "The Journal of Parapsychology" or "The Parapsychology Review," rather than sensationalist publications.

Främjar hypnos psi-förmågan? En rapport från den 21:a PA-kongressen

Rolf Ejvegård reports on the 21st annual congress of the Parapsychological Association (PA) held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The congress, funded in part by James McDonnell, a wealthy industrialist interested in parapsychology, brought together over 200 participants presenting around eighty papers. Topics covered included altered states of consciousness and ESP, psychokinesis, and statistical methods in ESP research. A significant portion of the article focuses on the use of hypnosis in parapsychological experiments, particularly a study by Dr. Carl Sargent.

Sargent's study, titled "Hypnosis as a psi-conducive state: A controlled replication study," aimed to determine if hypnosis improves ESP performance. Ejvegård outlines Sargent's methodology, which involved carefully selecting participants and controlling for potential artifacts such as experimenter bias and subject expectations. Sargent's research involved two groups: one undergoing hypnosis and another engaged in general conversation about parapsychology. The results indicated that the hypnosis group performed significantly better than the control group in a Zener card clairvoyance test.

Sargent proposed three explanations for hypnosis enhancing psi ability: 1) it induces a relaxed state conducive to psi, 2) it allows for concentration of mental abilities, and 3) potential artifacts in the experimental setup. Ejvegård notes Sargent's particular interest in the third explanation. Sargent's experiment involved 40 participants, divided into two groups. The hypnosis group was given suggestions to relax and focus inward, while the control group discussed parapsychology. The results showed the hypnosis group achieved 11.90 hits out of 50 trials, significantly above the chance level of 10, whereas the control group scored 10.05 hits. Sargent concluded that hypnosis does improve ESP performance and should continue to be utilized in parapsychological research.

Ejvegård also discusses potential pitfalls in parapsychological research, including experimenter bias and the influence of subject expectations. He highlights the importance of rigorous methodology to avoid artifacts that could skew results.

Kärlekslärans Vetenskap och dess uttolkare

This section features two articles. The first, by Magnus von Platen, introduces Professor Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin (1889-1968), a Russian-American sociologist and philosopher. Sorokin's life was marked by extreme hardship, including poverty, political imprisonment, and a death sentence during the Russian Revolution. He became a professor at Harvard University and a leading figure in sociology. The article emphasizes Sorokin's belief in the power of positive forces for peace and harmony, contrasting it with conflict research. Sorokin's work focused on the sociology of war and revolution, and he founded Harvard's Research Institute for the Study of Creative Altruism in 1948. He advocated for an "integral knowledge" that combines rational, sensory, intuitive, and supra-rational understanding, and stressed the importance of an "ethic of love" for the renewal of Western civilization. His research aimed to foster altruism and reduce egoism in individuals and societies.

The second article, by Olle Wedholm, discusses Sorokin's book "Blad ur en rysk dagbok" (Leaves from a Russian Diary), detailing his experiences during the Russian Revolution and his subsequent exile. Sorokin's core beliefs, as expressed in the book, are that life is a precious gift, duty brings happiness, and love, not hate, creates a better future. The article also touches upon Sorokin's view that traditional methods for preventing war are negative and ineffective, and that true peace requires altruistic principles.

Kallelsen till Medkänsla

This article by D. R. Saggar explores the concept of compassion (medkänsla) as a central tenet in various spiritual and ethical traditions. It highlights Mahatma Gandhi, Jesus, and Buddha as exemplars of this principle. The article quotes Buddha emphasizing compassion as the highest virtue, identifying with the suffering of others, and respecting all life. It also references Mahavir, the founder of Jainism, who preached ahimsa (non-violence) as the cardinal principle of morality. The teachings of Hinduism, particularly the Bhagavad Gita and the concept of maietri (compassion), are discussed. The article also includes quotes from Guru Nanak, Zoroaster, and Lao Tzu, all underscoring the universal importance of compassion, kindness, and non-violence.

Ny bok om grodd- och gräsdiet!

This is a brief review of the book "Hur jag övervann cancer på naturlig väg" (How I Overcame Cancer Naturally) by Eydie Mae. The book details her recovery from cancer through a strict diet of sprouts and wheatgrass, inspired by Ann Wigmore's methods. The reviewer notes the book's personal and inspirational nature, offering hope to those facing serious illness and highlighting the importance of a supportive spouse and a positive outlook.

Att komma till sig själv

This is a review of Sten Rodhe's book "Att komma till sig själv" (Coming to Oneself), subtitled "On various forms of meditation." The book explores meditation practices within Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity, comparing Christian meditation with Zen. Rodhe's work is praised for its clarity, neutrality, and comprehensive nature, including a literature list and practical tips for further study. The reviewer notes that Rodhe's exploration of Christian meditation reveals similarities with Eastern practices, challenging the notion that meditation is exclusively an Eastern discipline. The article also mentions that Rodhe's book omits certain traditions like Sufi meditation and Theosophy, which the reviewer regrets.

Waldorfpedagogik och antroposofi

This review discusses the book "Barnens liv i skolan" (Children's Life in School) by a team of teachers from Järna Waldorfskola. The book presents the pedagogical approach developed at the school, which is based on Rudolf Steiner's principles. It emphasizes the importance of trust between teacher and student, fostering a spirit of free inquiry, and balancing intellectual, emotional, and volitional development. The review highlights the book's insightful diagnosis of the challenges faced by modern children and adults in a fast-paced world. It also notes the book's honest acknowledgment of Waldorf pedagogy's roots in anthroposophy, encouraging readers to explore this philosophy further.

Svagt om nyandligheten

This is a critical review of a short publication titled "Nyandligheten framtidens utmaning?" (New Spirituality: A Challenge for the Future?) by Erland Sundström. The reviewer finds the publication to be superficial and lacking in substantive information about new spiritual movements, which are treated as a monolithic entity despite their diversity. The reviewer expresses disappointment with the lack of depth and the undefined nature of the discussion.

Konsten att överleva genom att anstränga sig!

This is a review of Brian Hildreth's book "Konsten att överleva" (The Art of Survival). The book, originally a manual for the New Zealand Air Force, provides practical advice on survival techniques, including building shelters, making fire without matches, finding food, and navigation. The reviewer praises the book for its comprehensive nature and its ability to spark interest in self-reliance and outdoor skills. While noting some awkward translations, the reviewer recommends the book as a useful guide for anyone interested in wilderness survival.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge and understanding across diverse fields, from ancient philosophy and parapsychology to pedagogy and spiritual traditions. There's a recurring theme of seeking deeper truths beyond superficial appearances, whether in philosophical inquiry, scientific research, or personal spiritual development. The magazine appears to advocate for open-mindedness, critical thinking, and a holistic approach to life, encouraging readers to explore alternative perspectives and practices. The editorial stance seems to be one of intellectual curiosity and a desire to bridge different disciplines and belief systems, while also maintaining a critical eye on the methodologies and claims within these fields.

Title: SM
Issue: 5
Volume: 16
Date: 1979
Publisher: Sökaren
Country: Sweden
Language: Swedish
ISSN: 0038-0504
Cover Headline: IDEELLA FÖRENINGARS SVÅRIGHETER (Difficulties of Idealistic Associations)

Article: The Difficulties of Idealistic Associations

The lead article in this issue of Sökaren addresses the common challenges faced by idealistic associations, particularly those not driven by religious or financial motives. The author notes that in many such organizations, the board members are passive, waiting for others to take initiative. While some members seek enjoyment, a significant portion does not actively contribute, perhaps due to a lack of perceived necessity or self-belief. The article highlights instances where associations struggle to get started or maintain momentum because the workload falls on only one or a few enthusiastic individuals. When these key people leave, the organization often falters.

The author suggests that if an association cannot effectively engage its members, and its existence depends on a small number of dedicated individuals, it may be destined to decline. People may then turn their attention to more immediate interests like home, hobbies, or relaxation. However, the article also posits that associational activities can be very rewarding, especially when there is a sense of shared work and community, potentially serving as a 'second home' for members. This often requires a dedicated physical space and regular meetings.

For those who wish to contribute to such associations, the article urges them to take initiative. It points out that many organizations have vacant positions and are in need of people with various skills, including writing, addressing, translating, editing, franking, and generating ideas. The author emphasizes that the ideas represented by most associations are valuable and need to continue, as their disappearance would not improve the world.

Other Articles and Content:

This issue also features a variety of other articles and columns:

• Den holistiska tidsåldern (The Holistic Age) by Per Sellmann.
• Aura – vad är det? (Aura – what is it?) by Asa Freij.
• Seicho-No-Ie by Per Sellmann.
• Är biorytmläran falsk? (Is Biorhythm Theory False?) - An exploration of biorhythm theory.
• Ted Patrick och "deprogrammering" i USA (Ted Patrick and "Deprogramming" in the USA) - Discusses Ted Patrick's work on deprogramming.
• Jim Jones och tragedin i Guyana (Jim Jones and the Tragedy in Guyana) - Covers the tragic events related to Jim Jones.
• Premiärministern som rådfrågade andeväsen (The Prime Minister Who Consulted Spirits) - An article about a prime minister seeking advice from spirits.
• Anaximenes by Rolf Ejvegård.
• Främjar hypnos psi-förmågan? (Does Hypnosis Promote Psi Abilities?) by Rolf Ejvegård.
• Kärlekslärans vetenskap (The Science of the Doctrine of Love) by Olle Wedholm.
• Vandring med visdomsord (Walking with Words of Wisdom) by Agne Windmark.

Publication Details:

The magazine is published by Sökaren, an independent journal for life philosophy issues. The address for Sökaren is Box 3063, 103 61 Stockholm 3. Contact information includes Postgiro, Bankgiro, and telephone number 08/69 60 27. The editor-in-chief is Sven Magnusson. The magazine states that it is not responsible for goods or services advertised.

Subscription prices are listed as 64 SEK for a full year (10 issues) and 34 SEK for a half-year. Advertising prices are also provided, with a full-page ad costing 650 SEK, a half-page 400 SEK, and smaller ads priced per column-centimeter, with a minimum of 45 SEK.

The magazine was printed by Smålandspostens Boktr. AB in Växjö in 1979. The ISSN is 0038-0504.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the challenges of maintaining active participation in voluntary organizations and exploring various philosophical, spiritual, and psychological topics. The editorial stance, particularly in the main article, seems to advocate for active engagement and initiative within associations, highlighting their potential value to society and individuals. The inclusion of diverse articles suggests an open approach to exploring different belief systems and phenomena, from scientific inquiry into hypnosis and biorhythms to discussions on spiritual practices and historical events.