Sokaren - 1977 No 08

Magazine Overview

Title: SÖKAREN
Issue: NR8
Year: 1977
Publisher: Sökaren
Price: 6:00 incl. tax

This issue of Sökaren magazine focuses on spiritual and philosophical topics, featuring prominent figures in Theosophy and Vedanta, alongside a critical examination of 'deprogramming' practices and theological debates surrounding Christianity.

Den teosofiske presidenten John Coats i Sverige

The cover story introduces John Coats, the world president of the Theosophical Society, who visited Sweden in June 1977. Coats, who has led the society since 1973, gave a lecture at ABF-huset in Stockholm, interpreted by Elis Wikström. The article highlights Theosophy as a non-dogmatic insight into the universe and humanity, aiming to foster a brotherhood of all people. Coats' visit underscores the growing interest in Eastern philosophies in Sweden.

Swami Rama Theertha: BRAHMAN är i allt

This section details the visit of Swami Rama Theertha, an 80-year-old swami from Madras, India, to Sweden. He stayed with Eva Sandrén and Peter Jonsby in Tulegatan and conducted teachings on Vedic wisdom. Swami Rama Theertha, who has a background in philosophy and renounced worldly life at 28, follows the Vedantic tradition of Shankaracharya. His teachings emphasize the concept of Brahman as the ultimate reality, present in all beings and things. He advocates for the repetition of mantras from the Upanishads and contemplation of their meaning as a path to understanding Brahman and achieving spiritual liberation (Vedanta-Samadhi). The article explains that Brahman is the underlying essence of all existence, the silent witness in every state of consciousness, and that realizing this unity leads to true happiness and bliss.

Teosofernas världspresident på Sverigebesök: Vi är alla delar av helheten

This article continues the coverage of John Coats' visit to Sweden. It recounts his lecture on 'timeless wisdom in a changing world' at ABF-huset. Despite technical difficulties with the recording equipment, the essence of his message is conveyed. Coats reiterates the Theosophical principle of the interconnectedness of all things, stating that every part of the universe affects all other parts, thus making each individual responsible for the whole. He speaks of an indescribable, eternal, and all-pervading fundamental ground of existence, which is Brahman in Vedanta. This concept of unity forms the basis of the brotherhood that Theosophy promotes. Coats emphasizes that understanding one's unity with the source is the path to self-realization. He also touches upon the historical context of Theosophy's founding 100 years prior, noting that its ideas of universal brotherhood and the common origin of religions were not popular at the time. He observes that while the relationship between religions has improved, prejudices and misunderstandings still persist.

"DEPROGRAMMING" – religiös avprogrammering/hjärntvätt

This is a critical exposé on the practice of deprogramming, particularly in the USA, which involves coercive methods to 'reprogram' individuals who have joined new religious movements. The article describes Ted Patrick as a pioneer in this field, detailing how deprogrammers, often hired by concerned parents, may resort to kidnapping, confinement, and psychological manipulation. The methods include sleep deprivation, verbal abuse, and the use of degrading tactics to break down the individual's beliefs. The article cites a case involving Linda Epstein, who was allegedly kidnapped and deprogrammed by Ted Patrick. It highlights the ethical concerns and legal issues surrounding these practices, noting that several deprogrammers have faced legal consequences. The text also includes quotes from a deprogramming manual, revealing a cold and manipulative approach to breaking down a person's beliefs and replacing them with new ones. The article questions the morality of forcing individuals to abandon their chosen beliefs, even if those beliefs are considered unconventional.

The Uncanonical Ending of MARKUS

This article critically examines the Gospel of Mark, specifically questioning the authenticity of its final verses (16:9-20). The author argues that these verses are a later addition, likely from the 2nd century, and were not part of the original text. The reason for their inclusion, the article suggests, is to support the Christian doctrine of Jesus' resurrection, which is central to the faith. The author points out that the earliest and most important biblical manuscripts omit these verses. The article contrasts the shorter, potentially original ending of Mark with the longer, disputed addition, and discusses the scholarly debate surrounding its origin and purpose. It suggests that if the addition is removed, it raises questions about the historical reliability of the resurrection accounts and, by extension, the core tenets of Christianity. The author concludes that the uncanonical ending should be removed from the Bible or clearly marked as an addition.

Teologer förnekar Jesu gudomlighet

This section discusses a book titled 'The Myth of God Incarnate,' authored by seven English theologians, which questions the divinity of Jesus. The book has sparked controversy within Christian circles, with some theologians arguing that Jesus cannot be considered divine. The article mentions that the authors are supported by some theologians but criticized by others. It highlights the argument that the concept of Jesus as both fully human and fully divine is a later theological development, not necessarily present in the earliest accounts. The piece also touches upon the idea that the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and the literal belief in the incarnation were formalized much later in church history. The article includes perspectives from various scholars, including those who view Jesus as a great teacher or a myth, rather than a divine being.

KRISTET MOTSTÅND MOT NYRELIGIOSITETEN

This article examines the organized Christian opposition to 'new religiosity' in Denmark, spearheaded by theology lecturer Johannes Aagaard. Aagaard and his colleagues criticize various new religious movements, including Divine Light Mission, TM, Scientology, and Tantra, often without engaging with the followers' own perspectives. The authors of these critiques express concern for individuals drawn to these movements, warning of potential dangers and misrepresentations. The article argues that these Christian apologists often overlook the positive aspects of new religious movements, such as their emphasis on community, personal growth, and alternative spiritual paths. It suggests that the perceived 'otherness' of these movements stems from their Eastern origins, which contrasts with the Western Christian tradition. The article also critiques the Christian doctrine itself, questioning its credibility and relevance in the modern world, particularly its teachings on hell and divine judgment. It suggests that the perceived failures of Christianity to address contemporary issues may drive people towards new spiritualities.

EN HEDERLIG RAPPORTOR

This section presents a more nuanced view on new religious movements, contrasting with the critical stance of the previous article. It features an excerpt from Kaj Mogensen, a theologian who visited a Tibetan Buddhist center in Denmark. Mogensen found the followers to be well-informed and clear about their beliefs, refuting the idea that they were simply 'misled.' He suggests that the growing interest in Tibetan Buddhism among young people indicates a need for acceptance within the established church and a willingness to engage in dialogue with non-Christian spiritual paths. Mogensen advocates for analyzing new religious phenomena before judging them, acknowledging that, like any tradition, there are both serious movements and 'organized scams.' He concludes that Tibetan Buddhism, while not personally resonant, is a sympathetic and well-thought-out movement worthy of rational dialogue.

Flygande meditation!

This short piece discusses the Transcendental Meditation (TM) movement's claims of teaching 'flying' or levitation through meditation. It mentions that the TM movement, led by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, presents photographic evidence of levitating meditators. A psychologist named Peter Russell from London claims to have experienced levitation during a group meditation. The article notes that levitation is a phenomenon discussed in parapsychological and religious literature, citing the medium D.D. Home as an example of someone who reportedly levitated without being caught cheating.

Det finns ett positivt värde i nyreligiositeten

This article offers a balanced perspective on new religious movements, acknowledging their positive aspects. It notes that many of these movements, originating from India, have gained traction in the West, particularly among young people. The author suggests that the increased global communication has led to a greater exposure to Eastern spiritual traditions, which are now competing with Christianity. The article highlights that new religious movements offer a sense of meaning, community, and self-confidence that may be lacking in traditional Christianity. It acknowledges that some movements can be problematic, leading to fanaticism or excessive devotion to gurus, but emphasizes that the overall value of these spiritual paths should not be dismissed. The article suggests that the perceived 'coldness' of established churches may contribute to people seeking alternative spiritualities. It concludes by pondering whether Eastern philosophies might eventually influence or even supplant traditional Western religions.

ÖPPET BREV till Sven Magnusson från Birgit Lange

This is a letter from Birgit Lange to Sven Magnusson, responding to his previous 'Open Letter to Jesus.' Lange expresses her personal understanding of Jesus, viewing him as a great master and guide rather than an omnipotent God. She agrees with Magnusson that the doctrine of eternal damnation is problematic and has caused fear. Lange argues that while the historical Jesus' exact words are debated, his teachings emphasized inner sincerity over outward actions. She suggests that Jesus himself was perhaps more radical than his followers, and that his message of non-violence is evident in his actions, such as his refusal to resist arrest. Lange concludes by stating that her understanding of Jesus is based on a 'dream' or 'vision' of him as a 'great Bearer of Guilt' with a compassionate smile, who understands the seeker's struggles.

Svar från SM

Sven Magnusson responds to Birgit Lange's letter, agreeing that her perception of Jesus is characteristic of a Christian 'dream' or idealization rather than the historical figure described in the synoptic gospels. Magnusson asserts that the synoptic Jesus is not the same as the divine, all-good, all-knowing, and omnipotent Christ of Christian dogma. He argues that the concept of Jesus' resurrection is questionable, and that 'miracles' are not exclusive proof of divinity, citing Sai Baba as an example of someone performing miracles without being considered divine. Magnusson contends that Jesus' teachings on non-violence were not clearly articulated and that Christianity's history is marked by violence, indicating Jesus' failure as a peacemaker. He quotes philosopher C.D. Broad, who views Christian doctrines as myths and questions Jesus' effectiveness in reducing human conflict. Magnusson concludes by stating that he believes in an 'inner Christ' – an ideal of goodness and a friend to humanity – rather than the dogmatic figure of Christ.

JESU ETIK — ett diskussionsinlägg

This article by S. Gunnar Edlund discusses the ethical teachings of Jesus as interpreted by Sven Lönborg, a theologian and historian. Edlund highlights Lönborg's view that Jesus' ethics are primarily concerned with inner disposition and sincerity rather than outward actions or adherence to religious laws. Lönborg argues that Jesus emphasized the importance of one's inner state and conscience, and that his teachings on issues like divorce and the Sabbath should be understood within their historical context. Edlund notes that Lönborg believed Jesus advocated for the moral autonomy of individuals, urging them to follow their conscience. The article also touches upon Lönborg's interpretation of Jesus' message as a call for non-violence and his view of Jesus as a great master rather than an omnipotent deity. Edlund concludes by agreeing with Lönborg that understanding Jesus' teachings requires historical analysis and consideration of the context in which they were delivered.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of spirituality, comparative religion, and the search for meaning. It features articles on Eastern philosophies like Theosophy and Vedanta, alongside critical analyses of new religious movements and theological debates within Christianity. The editorial stance appears to be open-minded and inquisitive, seeking to present diverse perspectives while also critically examining controversial practices like deprogramming. There is a clear interest in understanding the motivations behind people's spiritual choices and in fostering dialogue between different belief systems. The magazine also engages with historical and theological scholarship to question established doctrines and interpretations, particularly concerning Christianity. The overall tone is one of intellectual curiosity and a desire to explore the complexities of faith and belief in the modern world.

Title: SÖKAREN
Issue: 8
Volume: 1977
Date: 1977
Publisher: Sjuhäradsbygdens Tryckeri AB
Country: Sweden
Language: Swedish
ISSN: 0038-0504
Cover Headline: DEN FULLKOMLIGE MÄSTARENS UPPGIFT (The Task of the Perfect Master)

This issue of Sökaren magazine, dated 1977, focuses on spiritual and New Age themes, with a prominent cover story by Christina Aaby titled "The Task of the Perfect Master." The magazine explores various spiritual concepts, critical analyses of popular figures and movements, and book reviews.

The Task of the Perfect Master

Christina Aaby's article introduces the concept of the 'Perfect Master,' drawing parallels with figures like Lao Tze, Jesus, Buddha, Krishna, Muhammad, and Nanak, and highlighting Guru Maharaj Ji as a contemporary example. The article emphasizes that the Master's role is to reveal the Truth, which is an experience rather than mere knowledge. This experience, described as 'perfect,' leads to fulfillment and perfection. The text explains that the Master's teachings are conveyed through initiation, guidance, and personal inspiration, fostering love for the human and the living. The Divine Light Mission (DLM), founded by Guru Maharaj Ji's father, is mentioned as an organization making this knowledge accessible.

The article further elaborates on the practice of meditation as taught by Guru Maharaj Ji, involving four techniques to focus on the experience of the true self, described as pure energy, light, music, or nectar. This practice, combined with satsang (spiritual discourse) and service, forms a triad that fulfills human needs. The concept of 'Ordet' (the Word) is central, identified with various names across different religious traditions (Nam, Mahamantra, Pak Nam, Sat Nam, Magicabala), and is described as the source of creation, life, and inner light.

Samadhi – Union with the Eternal

This section features multiple articles exploring the concept of Samadhi. Swami Nikhilananda's book defines Samadhi as 'to bring together' or 'to unite,' a state of inner enlightenment where one experiences their divine nature. It distinguishes between Savikalpa Samadhi (where subject and object consciousness remain) and Nirvikalpa Samadhi (the highest form, experienced through concentration and intuition). The articles reference Ramakrishna, who described Samadhi as 'ecstasy, trance, deep concentration on the divine,' and noted that the highest state could be maintained for extended periods by a realized master. Swami Muktananda's writings are cited, differentiating between 'lifeless Samadhi' and 'natural Samadhi,' where one can live in Samadhi amidst daily activities.

The Buddhist perspective is also touched upon, with Samadhi interpreted as deep meditation and intuition, contrasted with Vipassana (insight). The articles note that Samadhi is often misunderstood as something extraordinary or sudden, when in reality, it is accessible to all. Swami Janakananda emphasizes that Samadhi is a practice of concentration, requiring stability and stillness, and that the goal is to reach Kaivalya, a state of free, conscious living.

Is Carlos Castaneda a Bluff?

Sven Rosén critically examines Carlos Castaneda's works, particularly his books on don Juan Matus. While acknowledging Castaneda's literary skill and the popularity of his books, Rosén presents criticisms from academics and former associates. The core of the critique questions the authenticity of Castaneda's anthropological research, suggesting his books might be 'anthropological science fiction.' Points raised include the lack of verifiable evidence, the self-contradictory nature of his narratives (especially regarding timelines), and the possibility that don Juan's teachings are a compilation from various sources and literary influences, possibly inspired by books like Andrija Puharich's 'The Sacred Mushroom' and Neville Goddard's 'The Search.' Castaneda's own evasiveness about his background and the inconsistencies in his personal accounts are also highlighted. Richard de Mille's book, 'Castaneda's Journey: The Power and the Allegory,' is cited as a significant source of this critique.

New Age Exhibition in London

The magazine reports on the 'Festival for Mind and Body' held at Olympia, London. This exhibition showcased a wide array of New Age practitioners, including pyramidologists, spiritualists, therapists, gurus, and artists. The event featured demonstrations of yoga, meditation, and various alternative therapies, alongside lectures on astrology and Zen. While mass media was largely critical, the report notes that some groups, like Genesis, Auroville, and the Theosophical Society, were seen as respectable. The article concludes by quoting Christopher Booker of the Daily Telegraph, who suggested that amidst the superficiality, some groups offered a path to self-understanding and transformation.

Book Reviews

Several book reviews are featured:

• "Spar och Villospår inom Vetenskapen" (Sparring and Misguided Paths in Science): This review discusses two books by Tore Frängsmyr and Peter Nilsson, examining the history of scientific thought. It highlights figures like Raimundus Lullus and Christian von Wolff, whose attempts to create universal logical systems are presented as misguided but historically significant. Anton Nyström, a proponent of Auguste Comte's positivism in Sweden, is also discussed.
• "Kan en UFO-bok bli sämre?" (Can a UFO Book Be Worse?): This review critically assesses Staffan Stigsjöö's book on UFOs, criticizing its disorganized presentation, lack of detailed case studies, repetitive nature, and invented terminology. The reviewer finds Stigsjöö's approach to be uncritical and lacking in intellectual rigor, questioning the journalistic integrity of his work.
• "Tidsresor i Fantasin" (Time Travel in Fantasy): This review discusses Robert A. Heinlein's science fiction novel 'The Door into Summer,' which explores themes of time travel and suspended animation. The reviewer praises Heinlein's imaginative storytelling and character development, particularly the portrayal of the cat, Pete.
• "Alternativ Tro" (Alternative Belief): This section reviews two books published by Proprius, 'Alternativ Tro 1' and 'Alternativ Tro 2,' which cover various non-Christian religions, mysticism, meditation, and occultism. The books are recommended for their ability to provide insight into new religious movements.

Christianity and New Religiosity

This article addresses the perception of new religious movements as a threat to Christianity. It argues that the existence of other successful religions challenges the exclusive claim of Christianity. The author criticizes polemical essays from some Christian circles that label other faiths as 'heresies' and advocate for 'rehabilitating' and converting followers of these movements. The article advocates for studying new religious movements with sympathy and understanding, suggesting that they can enrich Western religiosity and deepen spiritual understanding. It criticizes the Institute for Mission Theology in Aarhus for approaching the study of non-Christian movements from a biased, Christian-centric perspective.

Other Content

The issue also includes a section on Dianetics by L. Ron Hubbard, presented as a handbook for understanding the human mind. There is also a brief mention of a UFO sighting described as a silver disc. Contact information for the magazine and various spiritual organizations is provided.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Sökaren are spirituality, meditation, the nature of consciousness, and the exploration of new religious movements. The magazine adopts a stance of open inquiry, encouraging critical yet sympathetic examination of diverse beliefs and practices. It appears to value personal spiritual experience and self-discovery, while also engaging with academic and critical perspectives on these phenomena. The editorial stance is one of intellectual curiosity and a desire to bridge different worldviews, particularly in the context of the growing interest in New Age and alternative spiritualities in the 1970s.