Sokaren - 1974 No 10

Magazine Overview

Title: SÖKAREN
Issue: NR10
Year: 1974

This issue of Sökaren magazine, dated 1974, focuses on the presence of Tibetan Buddhism in Sweden and the activities of the Society for Parapsychological Research (SPF). It also includes articles on broader philosophical and scientific themes.

Tibetan Buddhism in Sweden

The main article, "Tibetansk buddhism i Sverige" by Nina Falkenberg, details the experience of Tibetan Buddhist music and practices in Stockholm during the summer of 1974. Lama Kalu Rinpoche from Bhutan, accompanied by six young lamas, created an authentic Buddhist temple atmosphere in the 'Strindbergshuset' on Drottninggatan. The music, featuring cymbals, drums, and deep chanting, was heard emanating from the building. The article explains that Tibetan Buddhism is not seen as a separate sect by Tibetans themselves, but rather as encompassing all three main Buddhist traditions: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Vajrayana, or the "diamond way," is considered the most direct path to liberation.

The text describes the temple environment, with traditional paintings, oil lamps, incense, and ritual objects, all serving as offerings to the divine consciousness within. The daily ceremonies, called 'puja,' involved chanting accompanied by instruments like cymbals, bells (drilbu), and dorjes, symbolizing wisdom and compassion. The music's deep vocal tones contrasted with the ringing of bells and dorjes. The article notes that music in Tibetan monasteries is not merely an art form but an integral part of daily life and a form of offering.

It is mentioned that the monks had undergone extensive training, including a three-year retreat of meditation. Their knowledge of the human mind is described as profound and practical, influencing events through their presence and activity. The article touches upon the concept of 'Buddha-consciousness' as the true state of awareness inherent in everyone, which individuals strive to realize.

The visit of the lamas was facilitated by Lamaföreningen, and Lama Lodu stayed in Scandinavia, residing in Copenhagen. The article also briefly mentions the upcoming visit of Gyalwa Karmapa to Sweden in December 1974.

The Society for Parapsychological Research (SPF)

Rolf Ejvegård's article, "SÄLLSKAPET FÖR PARAPSYKOLOGISK FORSKNING" (The Society for Parapsychological Research), provides a historical overview of the organization, founded on November 27, 1947. It highlights the challenges faced by parapsychology in Sweden, including a lack of dedicated scientists and a general skepticism from the scientific community. The society's founding was initiated by Eva Hellström, who was inspired by her experiences with spiritualist séances and her membership in the Society for Psychical Research in London.

The SPF's objectives are twofold: to study parapsychological phenomena and to inform the public about research findings. The article details the society's membership policies, which have historically been restrictive, aiming to maintain a scientific focus and avoid commercialization. It mentions the society's library, which has been a significant resource, and its publication series, 'Meddelanden från SPF' (Bulletins from SPF).

Ejvegård discusses various research efforts undertaken by the SPF, including experiments with clairvoyance and telepathy in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and more extensive trials with the Danish medium Anna Rasmussen-Melloni in 1956. The formation of an academic research group within the SPF in 1966 is also noted, with figures like Martin Johnson and Dag Prawitz being active members.

The article also touches upon the phenomenon of Uri Geller, stating that the SPF could not endorse or condemn him but would await scientific evaluations from the USA. The society's approach is characterized by scientific sobriety.

Themes: Life, Death, and Consciousness

Sven Viksten's article, "TANKAR OM LIV OCH DÖD" (Thoughts on Life and Death), explores philosophical questions about existence, evolution, and the nature of consciousness. Viksten questions the meaning of life if it is ephemeral and ultimately leads to oblivion. He posits that life is a continuous process, passed down through generations, and that individuals are part of a larger biological and cosmic flow.

He contrasts the Buddhist perspective, which he characterizes as life-negating due to its emphasis on suffering and the cessation of desire, with a more life-affirming view, possibly influenced by communism. Viksten argues that while Buddhism focuses on the individual's suffering and the illusion of the self ('anatta'), a revolutionary ideology like communism offers concrete solutions to societal problems and emphasizes collective action. He criticizes Buddhist ethics for promoting passivity and a detachment from worldly struggles, contrasting it with the Marxist view that suffering is caused by societal structures and can be overcome through struggle.

Viksten also discusses the concept of reincarnation, not as a karmic retribution, but as a continuous process of life manifesting in different forms. He suggests that the ultimate reality is a universal consciousness, and individual lives are temporary manifestations of this consciousness. The article touches upon the idea that 'matter' is a form of consciousness and that there is no truly dead matter.

Science and Mysticism

Jörgen Rapp's article, "Naturvetenskapens verklighetsuppfattning är förenlig med mystikens" (The Scientific Understanding of Reality is Compatible with Mysticism), explores the convergence of modern physics and mystical thought. Rapp highlights how quantum physics has challenged the classical view of a solid, material universe, suggesting that elementary particles behave more like waves or vibrations and that reality may be fundamentally mental.

He quotes scientists like Heisenberg, Sir James Jeans, and Firsoff to support the idea that the universe is more akin to a "great thought" than a "great machine." The article suggests that the emptiness of particles, like neutrinos, and the interconnectedness of all things, as described by mystics, are not contradictory to scientific findings.

Rapp also includes a dialogue between astronaut Edgar Mitchell and Swami Muktananda, where Mitchell represents the scientific perspective and Muktananda the mystical. They discuss the challenges of scientifically measuring subtle inner phenomena and the possibility that consciousness is the fundamental reality.

Other Sections

Varia

• This section includes brief notes on various topics:
• "UT UR KROPPEN" (Out of the Body): Discusses out-of-body experiences (OOBE) and experiments conducted by Robert L. Morris involving a student named Stuart Harary and a cat.
• "UFO-ILLUSTRATIONER" (UFO Illustrations): Critiques the use of exaggerated illustrations in UFO publications, arguing that they distort the actual reports and hinder objective understanding.
• Book Reviews: Mentions books related to health, vegetarianism, and parapsychology.

Letters and Opinions

• "FÖRSVAR FÖR YOGIN" (Defense of the Yogi): A response to an article by Ygeman in 'Scen och Salong' that criticized gurus and spiritual practitioners. The author defends the pursuit of inner development, arguing that it can lead to positive societal contributions and a more compassionate way of life.
• "Röd luva, neddragen över ögonen" (Red Hood, Pulled Over the Eyes): Critiques an article from the communist publication 'Rödluvan' that attacked the Children of God and Hare Krishna movements. The author argues that 'Rödluvan' misrepresents these groups and fails to understand their significance in a democratic society where freedom of belief is protected.
• "FÖRUT BUDDIST" (Formerly Buddhist): An interview with Torbjörn Säfve, who discusses his transition from Buddhism to communism. He criticizes Buddhism for its perceived life-negating aspects and egocentric focus, contrasting it with the revolutionary and life-affirming principles of communism.
• "SCHJELDERUP FÖREGÅNGSMAN" (Schjelderup, a Pioneer): A tribute to the Norwegian psychologist Harald Schjelderup, known for his work in parapsychology and his book "På gränsen till det okända" (On the Border of the Unknown).
• "PARAPSYKOLOGI I GYMNASIE-SKOLAN" (Parapsychology in High School): Notes the inclusion of parapsychology in a new psychology textbook for Swedish high schools, highlighting it as a positive step towards acknowledging the field.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of science, spirituality, and philosophy. There's a clear interest in phenomena that challenge conventional scientific paradigms, such as parapsychology and mystical experiences. The editorial stance appears to favor open inquiry and a critical, yet non-dismissive, approach to these subjects. The magazine also engages with social and political issues, particularly through the lens of alternative lifestyles and ideologies, as seen in the critique of both spiritual movements and political systems. The emphasis on 'Sökaren' (The Seeker) suggests a publication aimed at individuals exploring deeper questions about existence and consciousness.

This issue of Sökaren, dated October 1974, is the 10th issue of the 11th volume. The magazine is published in Sweden and focuses on life philosophy and spiritual matters, with an independent stance allowing for diverse viewpoints.

Bushido: The Way of the Warrior

The main article, "Bushido Av John Blom," delves into the Japanese code of conduct for the samurai class. Originating in the 13th century during the reign of Emperor Tokiyori and his son Tokimune, Bushido is described as an unassailable guardian of samurai dignity, built upon principles of loyalty, honor, and benevolence. The article emphasizes the importance of self-discipline, constant readiness to face death, and the virtue of not boasting or seeking personal recognition, instead focusing on doing good in silence.

Key tenets of Bushido include never judging or condemning, avoiding dwelling on negative events, and always seeking the positive side of any situation. Patience, kindness, and calmness are paramount, maintaining a pleasant demeanor and speaking only kind, polite, and calm words. The fusion of Zen Buddhism and Confucian ethics formed the basis of Bushido, significantly influencing the relationship between lord and vassal, characterized by paternal care from the lord and full loyalty from the subordinate.

The article quotes Muro Kyoso, stating that one must fulfill their duties for the day, month, or year they are alive. It stresses that true activity is based on fulfilling one's duty, comparing the consciousness of fulfilled duty to slow music at midnight. Bushido encourages desiring and dreaming, but also urges against complacency and comfort, advocating for daily desires and directing one's wishes outward. The power of a wish is linked to the clarity of one's character, with inner forces acting as tireless servants.

Bushido teaches that one can influence their destiny by cultivating character, with self-discipline being a vital component, akin to courage. Habit, formed through careful upbringing, is essential for character development. The article highlights the need to control desires and not be swayed by them. It emphasizes that one's mood is largely a matter of will, directing thoughts towards happiness and focusing on the brightest aspects of life. Thinking happy thoughts is presented as a habit that can be acquired.

Patience is equated with self-discipline, capable of activating speed, knowledge, and strength in thought and action. Forbearance and self-control smooth life's path. Maintaining a good mood, kindness, gentleness, thoughtfulness, moderation in diet, and control over passions and emotions are characteristic of Bushido.

The article touches upon the importance of knowing when to remain silent and when to speak out against falsehood, selfishness, and cruelty. A wise person learns not to expect too much from life and to practice forbearance and patience with others, recognizing that even the best people have weaknesses. The idea that life is largely what we make it is presented, with a happy person creating a happy world and a gloomy person a gloomy one. Respect for others' personalities, character, and appearance is crucial for harmonious coexistence.

The article references Ernest Wood's book "Character Training," which outlines the development of character through various stages, including the fundamental virtues (courage, truth, love) and the three fundamental vices (laziness, thoughtlessness, selfishness).

It also draws parallels between character cultivation and Japanese garden art or flower arrangement, as seen in Arthur Koestler's "The Lotus and the Robot." The text acknowledges life's mysteries and the need to trust in a larger plan, even when individual lives are difficult to comprehend. This is linked to the philosophy of Sri Ramana Maharshi, suggesting that when we correct ourselves, the plan becomes clear.

Several quotes from Zen, Indian proverbs, and Dhammapada are included, emphasizing the power of thought and the importance of guarding one's mind. The article concludes this section by listing various books and authors related to Eastern philosophy, mysticism, and character development.

Book Reviews

The magazine features several book reviews:

• "Utländsk Bokvandring Med Roland Adlerberth": This section reviews books from the Danish series "Atlantisböckerna." It highlights titles on esotericism, Freemasonry (R. G. Torrens' "Det gyldne daggry"), alchemy (Jacques Sadoul's "Alkymiens skatkammer" and "De store alkymister"), witchcraft (Pennethorne Hughes' "Hekse"), and UFOs (Jochim Pahl's "Stjernemennesker"). The reviewer praises the high standard of the series and its Danish translations.
• "Bokrecensioner": This section includes reviews of:
• Alf Ahlberg's "Mina år på Brunnsvik": A second memoir by the former rector of Brunnsvik folk high school, covering his years from 1926-1959. It discusses his views on the youth of the working class, their romanticism, and their search for deeper meaning beyond economic struggle. Ahlberg's opposition to communism and his stance against Nazism are also noted.
• Bo Wirmark's "Kamp mot kriget": This book examines the Buddhist perspective on the Vietnam War, arguing that their role has been underestimated. Wirmark suggests that the international Vietnam movement should reconsider its relationship with Buddhists, who advocate for peace, reconciliation, and social aid.
• "Från Östern Ljuset": This review discusses books on Eastern religions. It mentions Ernst Benz's "Nya religioner" and Geoffrey Parrinder's "Vår tids religioner," which provides an overview of world religions. The reviewer notes the increasing interest in Eastern philosophies like Zen and Bahá'í in the West and the potential for syncretism among different faiths.
• "En Meditationsbok Igen": Reviews Ingrid Olausson's book "Meditation – magi eller terapi?," which focuses on Transcendental Meditation (TM). The book includes personal accounts from practitioners and interviews with experts and critics.
• "Franciscus' Solsång": Discusses a booklet about St. Francis of Assisi and his "Song of the Sun." It also reviews Gun Nordin's text "Må Solsången aldrig tystna," which reflects on environmental responsibility and the interconnectedness of life.

Other Sections

• "Reflexioner Per Ragnar": This section features reflections on contemporary debates, including Arthur Janov's "primal scream" therapy, the debate on euthanasia (assisted suicide), and Frederick Leboyer's approach to childbirth. Ragnar draws a parallel between the birth process and the dying process, envisioning future "soul doctors" who can facilitate a gentle transition.
• "Tankär Om Liv Och Död": This piece contemplates the nature of life and death, the concept of the ego, and the interconnectedness of all beings. It suggests that our individual lives are part of a universal ego and that we are our environment.
• "Utländsk Bokvandring": Continues the review of "Atlantisböckerna," discussing titles on UFOs, parapsychology, and the occult.
• Advertisements: The magazine includes advertisements for UFO-related publications, spiritual literature, and personal contact services.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of spirituality, alternative beliefs, parapsychology, and Eastern philosophies. It aims to provide information on these subjects from a neutral yet critical perspective, encouraging open discussion and debate. The editorial stance appears to favor a broad, inclusive approach to understanding different worldviews and spiritual paths, while also promoting critical thinking and the examination of truth claims. The publication seems to be a platform for exploring the "phenomenon of man" from various angles, including religious, philosophical, and psychological.