2001-1-skeptikko

Magazine Overview

Title: SKEPTIKKO
Issue: 1/2001 (Numero 48)
Date: April 2, 2001
Publisher: Skepsis Ry
Country: Finland
Language: Finnish

This issue of SKEPTIKKO, a Finnish skeptical magazine, delves into the complex world of genetics, its scientific applications, and the pervasive spread of pseudoscience. It features an editorial emphasizing the critical role of skepticism in journalism and includes a report from a skepticism fair.

Editorial: Skepticism as a Profession

Kalle Keränen, in his editorial, argues that skepticism is a demanding but rewarding profession. While a skeptical mindset can be a hindrance in many professions, it is essential for good journalism. He criticizes Finnish journalists for being too trusting and influenced by their social circles, leading to a lack of critical reporting in politics, economics, and sports. Keränen suggests that a more critical approach would have prevented financial crises and inflated sports coverage. He highlights the challenges faced by investigative journalists, especially in local media, due to close ties between politicians, officials, and media editors. He notes that while it is easier to conform, true investigative journalism requires courage and can lead to significant revelations, though it often invites backlash from powerful entities.

Article: Genes Are Not Predictors of the Future

Professor Juha Kere of the University of Turku and head of the Finnish Genome Center discusses the capabilities and limitations of genetic research. Genes are crucial for understanding evolutionary history and human diversity, explaining similarities and differences between species and individuals, including susceptibility to diseases. Genetic analysis can also shed light on population history and kinship. However, Kere strongly refutes the idea that genes can predict the future or an individual's destiny. He emphasizes that while genes play a role in many common diseases, they are not solely deterministic. Identical twins, despite having identical genes, do not always develop the same diseases, indicating the influence of environmental factors and chance. Kere criticizes the notion of 'gene-selling' and pseudoscientific therapies like DNA activation, which he views as unfounded.

He explains that genetic screening for common diseases is not currently feasible or ethically justifiable due to the probabilistic nature of genetic predispositions and the high cost of screening. Kere advocates for using genetic knowledge primarily for diagnostic purposes and developing targeted therapies, rather than for prediction or societal categorization.

Article: Genes Are Used to Sell Pseudoscience

Risto K. Järvinen critiques the pseudoscientific practice of 'DNA activation,' promoted by Sonja Bundgaard. This therapy claims to unlock hidden potential and spiritual knowledge within individuals by 'activating' dormant genes through guided meditation. Järvinen highlights that this is not related to legitimate gene therapy and is being marketed at skepticism and 'mind-body' fairs. He points out that Bundgaard claims DNA contains not only genetic information but also spiritual knowledge, and that activating these 'light' and 'dark' genes can transform a person's life.

Article: The Human Genome Race

This section reports on the race to map the human genome, highlighting the achievements of Celera and the Human Genome Project (HUGO). It notes that initial estimates of human genes were significantly higher than the figures later published by both projects (18,000 by HUGO and 26,000 by Celera). The article mentions that the results were published in scientific journals like Nature and Science and provides links to access the genomic data.

Article: Skepticism at the Fair

This article provides a brief report on the 'Skeptikko uskomusmessuilla' (Skeptikko at the belief fair), indicating the magazine's presence and engagement at such events.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific understanding of genetics, its potential applications in medicine, and a strong critique of pseudoscience and unfounded claims that exploit public interest in genetics. The magazine consistently promotes a rational, evidence-based approach, emphasizing critical thinking and skepticism towards extraordinary claims. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific rigor and against the commercialization of unproven therapies and deterministic interpretations of genetic information. The issue underscores the importance of investigative journalism and the need for critical evaluation of information presented to the public.

This issue of Skeptikko magazine, dated 1/2001, features a cover story on the discovery of the 'Höpsismin' gene and delves into various topics related to paranormal phenomena, health, and skepticism.

Höpsismin Geeni Löydetty (The Höpsismin Gene Discovered)

The lead article reports on an international research team's discovery of a gene they've dubbed the 'Höpsismin' gene. This gene allegedly makes its carriers highly susceptible to believing anything they hear, making them potentially the most easily deceived beings. The researchers compared human DNA to that of chimpanzees and noted the absence of a similar gene in the latter. They also identified the 'Münchausen' gene, which causes individuals to fabricate unbelievable stories without critical self-assessment. The article suggests these two genes might be alternatives, though rarely they could co-exist, potentially leading to 'Luukasen syndrome.' Some researchers believe this syndrome might enhance sensitivity to extraterrestrial civilizations, while others dismiss it as self-deception. The article speculates that the 'Höpsismin' gene's absence might explain men's higher tendency to pursue engineering careers. The origin of these genes is hypothesized to be a mutation that occurred tens of thousands of years ago, possibly due to an extraterrestrial civilization's visit, according to researchers associated with Von Däniken's university.

The article further discusses the prevalence of the 'Münchausen' gene, noting it's more common in individuals working in communication and marketing, and less so in biologists. Regional variations in gene prevalence are also mentioned, with plans for a comparative study of Finnish and Savonian populations.

Voiko poltergeist-ilmiötä järkiperäisesti tutkia? (Can Poltergeist Phenomena Be Studied Rationally?)

This article, authored by Professor Hannu Lauerma, critically examines poltergeist phenomena. Lauerma defines poltergeists as unexplained, localized events involving sounds, moving objects, and even communication with 'spirits.' He notes that these phenomena are often witnessed by multiple people, making them more concrete than other paranormal claims. A survey indicated that 11% of Finns believe in ghosts, with 23% of young people (15-19) holding this belief. Lauerma, a psychiatrist, has encountered individuals who believe they've seen ghosts, but few who claim poltergeist experiences. He recounts a rare instance of a 'physical attack by the spirit world' experienced by two brothers, one of whom had psychotic episodes.

Lauerma discusses David Hume's principle of evaluating evidence, emphasizing that extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof. He questions whether skeptics are truly objective, suggesting their views are shaped by cultural assumptions. He references Heikki Tikkala's book, "Olevaisen yöpuoli," which documents fifty Finnish poltergeist cases involving phenomena like object manipulation, fires, and even speech. Tikkala notes that in folklore, poltergeists are often referred to as devils or ghosts, with various local names.

The article explores the concept of a 'center person' in poltergeist cases, often a pubescent girl, whose psychological conflicts might manifest as physical disturbances. Lauerma suggests that while poltergeist activity might be decreasing due to societal changes, frustrated elderly individuals could become new 'center persons.' He also touches upon the idea that some cases might be hoaxes or misinterpretations, but others appear to defy natural explanations.

Lauerma proposes the formation of a multidisciplinary research team, including a psychiatrist, physicist, and magician, to investigate poltergeist phenomena. He also suggests involving a folklorist to analyze cultural beliefs associated with these events. The organization Skepsis ry is mentioned as a potential facilitator for such research, offering to cover expenses and potentially reward verifiable paranormal events.

Pellavansiemenvalmisteiden terveys- vai haittavaikutus (Flaxseed Preparations: Health or Harm?)

This article by FT Pertti Kolari investigates the health effects of flaxseed. It highlights that while flaxseed contains beneficial components like fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids (including alpha-linolenic acid), and lignans (plant estrogens that may have anti-cancer properties), it also contains harmful substances such as cyanide and cadmium. The article notes that traditional uses of flaxseed, like for its oil, have been around for thousands of years. Modern processing, however, might accentuate the negative aspects.

Flaxseed oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, is used in animal feed to produce lower-cholesterol eggs. The byproduct, flaxseed cake, is also used as animal feed due to its high protein content. Processed flaxseed meal has been explored for treating irritable bowel syndrome and constipation.

A significant concern raised is the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in flaxseed, which can release cyanide (HCN). While whole seeds are generally safe as the cyanide is released in the large intestine, processed flaxseed meal can contain higher concentrations. The article states that a lethal dose of HCN is theoretically around 125-200 grams of flaxseed. Long-term consumption of flaxseed meal has been shown to significantly increase thiocyanate levels in the blood and urine, comparable to smoking ten cigarettes a day. While the link between thiocyanate and diseases like cancer is not fully understood, the article points out that food authorities recommend flaxseed meal constitute only 10% of the total weight of porridges and breads.

Furthermore, the article suggests that monounsaturated fatty acids in flaxseed might weaken the body's antioxidant defense, and while lignans may have anti-cancer properties, reduced vitamin E levels could potentially promote cancer. The author concludes that historical use does not guarantee safety and that new processing methods can indeed enhance harmful properties. The article advocates for transparency regarding potential side effects of natural products, especially when they are processed.

Myrsky vesilasissa (Storm in a Water Glass)

This section details an interaction between Skepsis and an individual claiming to possess psychokinetic abilities. The person claimed to make water move in a glass without touching it, with the effect being visible when coffee grounds were sprinkled on the surface. Skepsis proposed a series of tests to rule out natural explanations, such as subtle vibrations, air currents, temperature fluctuations, or Brownian motion. The individual provided a video demonstrating the effect, claiming to control the direction of water movement by changing hand positions. However, upon measuring the temperature of his fingertips, he admitted that the slight temperature differences might explain the water's movement, abandoning his claim of a 'force field.'

Puheenjohtajan Palsta (Chairman's Column)

The chairman's column addresses the "Huuhaa-palkinto" (Nonsense Award) given to the TV program Akuutti. The award was intended to encourage responsible reporting on health issues and to ensure that alternative medicine claims are presented with critical scientific scrutiny. The program's producer, Teija Rantala, criticized the award, calling it 'nonsense' and arguing that it was an attempt to stifle discussion about alternative treatments. The chairman defends the award's intent, emphasizing the need for balanced and scientifically grounded reporting, especially concerning health. He clarifies that the award does not aim to stop programs about alternative medicine but to encourage a more critical approach. The column also notes that after receiving the award, Akuutti removed links to discussion forums and a compilation of alternative medicine topics from its website, which the chairman interprets as a lack of openness to discussion.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a skeptical and evidence-based approach to claims of the paranormal, alternative medicine, and unusual phenomena. The editorial stance is to critically examine such claims, to debunk hoaxes, and to encourage scientific investigation. The magazine emphasizes the importance of rigorous methodology, peer review, and distinguishing between scientifically validated information and unsubstantiated beliefs. There is a clear advocacy for critical thinking and a rejection of pseudoscientific explanations when natural or conventional explanations are sufficient. The magazine also highlights the potential dangers of unsubstantiated health claims and the importance of informed decision-making based on reliable scientific evidence.

Title: Skeptikko
Issue: 1/2001
Publisher: Skeptikko
Country: Finland
Date: 2001

This issue of Skeptikko delves into various alternative healing methods, paranormal claims, and skeptical investigations, offering critical perspectives on phenomena ranging from astrology to spiritual healing and controversial practices.

Articles and Reports

Skeptics at the 'Minä olen' Fair

The issue begins with a report from the 'Minä olen' (I Am) fair, where skeptics infiltrated the event to observe and document the offerings. The report highlights the presence of various alternative therapies and New Age concepts.

Bruno Gröning's Method: Healing Cancer and Blindness

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the method of Bruno Gröning, a German healer who gained prominence in the 1950s. His teachings emphasize healing through spiritual energy, claiming that many illnesses, including cancer and blindness, can be overcome by absorbing this energy. The article details how Gröning's followers continue to promote his teachings, documenting alleged healings and asserting that these cures are beyond scientific explanation. The article notes that Gröning himself died of stomach cancer, with his followers explaining this by stating he was prevented from performing his healing work. The report also mentions the 'Medizinisch-Wissenschaftliche Fachgruppe' (MWF), an international organization that claims to scientifically document healings attributed to Gröning's method.

'Paradigma 2001' Conference: Astrology and Consciousness

The magazine covers the 'Paradigma 2001' conference on consciousness and paranormal phenomena held in Helsinki. The report focuses on presentations by astrologer Maarit Laurento, who argued that criticism of astrology often overlooks its holistic nature and that it functions as a semiotic system rather than a causal one. Leo Näreaho discussed the philosophy of consciousness, proposing causal dualism, while Matti Pitkänen presented his theory of topological geometrodynamics (TGD), suggesting consciousness can be reduced to quantum phenomena. The conference, attended by fewer than 30 people, was noted for its high entry fee of 150 marks.

The Zapper: A Device for All Ailments?

Another article examines the 'Zapper' device, developed by American researcher Hulda Clark. The Zapper is claimed to kill parasites and bacteria using electrical vibrations at specific frequencies (around 32 kHz). The article notes that while the device's circuitry is simple and inexpensive to replicate, US authorities have banned its marketing for therapeutic purposes. The Zapper is being sold in Finland, with a review of its functionality and claims.

Bio-resonance Testers

The issue also touches upon bio-resonance testers, such as the Fenix devices and the Biotester, which are used to test the compatibility of food and other substances with an individual. The Biotester, developed by Dr. R. Voll, is described as a tool for assessing the suitability of items based on electrical conductivity measurements at acupuncture points.

Falun Gong: Persecution and Principles

A detailed report discusses Falun Gong, a spiritual practice originating in China that emphasizes truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance. The article explains that Falun Gong is not a religion or a political movement, despite claims by the Chinese government. It highlights the severe persecution of Falun Gong practitioners in China, including imprisonment, torture, and forced labor. The report mentions that over 2000 practitioners have been sent to labor camps and 35,000 to prisons, with one member receiving an 18-year sentence. The article also notes that Falun Gong activities are free and open to all, with no membership fees or donations requested.

Firewalking Controversy at Eeston Center

Skeptikko reports on firewalking events held at Eeston Center in Viitasaari, Finland, which reportedly included children. The magazine criticizes these events, comparing them to child abuse and questioning the legitimacy of the 'healing' claims associated with walking on hot coals. The article notes that Eeston Center claims to have only rented out its facilities to external organizers. Skeptics argue that such activities, especially involving minors, should be investigated by authorities.

Interview with Eeston Center Representatives

A secretly recorded conversation with representatives from Eeston Center at the 'Minä olen' fair reveals their beliefs about angels and energy. They describe angels as divine rays or hands of God, with different colors representing different hierarchies and functions, such as Mikael for energy and Joakim for wisdom and love. They differentiate their beliefs from organized religion, stating they are 'knowers' seeking to understand a higher power that lives within everyone.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Skeptikko are the critical examination of alternative healing methods, paranormal claims, and New Age phenomena. The magazine consistently adopts a skeptical stance, seeking scientific explanations and exposing potential pseudoscience or exploitation. The editorial stance is clearly against unsubstantiated claims and advocates for critical thinking and evidence-based understanding. The magazine aims to inform its readers about controversial topics, providing a counterpoint to the often uncritical promotion of such practices in popular media and alternative health circles.

This issue of Skeptikko magazine, dated 1/2001, is a Finnish publication that critically examines various phenomena and beliefs. The cover story, "Varpumiehet innokkaina Joensuussa" (Dowsing men enthusiastically in Joensuu), by Vesa Tenhunen, reports on a public event where Skeptikko's chairman, Jukka Häkkinen, presented scientific explanations for dowsing, attributing it to ideomotoric movements rather than external forces. Despite the scientific explanation, many dowsing enthusiasts remained unconvinced.

Mobile Phones and Health

The article "Matkapuhelimet ja terveys" (Mobile phones and health) by Dariusz Leszczynski, a research professor at Säteilyturvakeskus (Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority), delves into the complex issue of mobile phone radiation and its potential health effects. Leszczynski notes that while many studies claim no health risks, the research is often contradictory and lacks long-term data. He highlights that the energy from mobile phone radiation is non-ionizing and not sufficient to break chemical bonds in living tissue, but it might affect cell membrane potentials. The article discusses various research methodologies, including epidemiological studies, animal experiments, and in vitro cell studies, pointing out their limitations and the difficulty in drawing definitive conclusions. Despite the lack of clear evidence for harm, a precautionary principle is recommended, suggesting reduced usage, use of hands-free devices, and avoiding use in areas with weak signals. The article also touches upon the public's perception of risk, which often differs from scientific interpretation.

Evolution vs. Creationism

In the "Keskustelua" (Discussion) section, an article titled "Vastauksia tyhmiin kysymyksiin evoluutiosta" (Answers to stupid questions about evolution) by Reijo Siipola addresses common questions about evolution. The author argues that scientific inquiry should be critical and subject to internal control. The article discusses the origin of life, the probability of complex molecules forming, and the role of natural selection. It acknowledges the complexity of evolutionary processes and the ongoing debate with creationists, who oppose the theory of evolution. The author references scientific literature and research to support the evolutionary perspective.

Skeptikko's Catechism

Another section, "Skeptikon Katekismus" (Skeptikko's Catechism) by Pertti Kolari, provides a guide for readers on how to critically interpret research publications. It translates common phrases found in scientific articles into their more literal or skeptical meanings, helping readers to discern the true significance of research findings.

Events and Information

The magazine also includes information about upcoming events, such as a public lecture on bioethics in Oulu and regular meetings of the North Finnish Skeptics. Contact information for the author and relevant organizations is provided.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Skeptikko magazine consistently promotes a skeptical and evidence-based approach to understanding phenomena. It emphasizes critical thinking, the importance of rigorous scientific methodology, and the need to question claims that lack empirical support. The magazine aims to debunk pseudoscience and misinformation, encouraging readers to rely on scientific consensus and critical analysis. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific rationalism and against unsubstantiated beliefs, whether they relate to health claims, evolutionary theory, or paranormal phenomena like dowsing.

Title: Skeptikko
Issue: 1/2001
Date: 2001
Publisher: Skepsis ry
Country: Finland
Language: Finnish

This issue of Skeptikko magazine, published by Skepsis ry, focuses on critical examination of various phenomena and beliefs, with a strong emphasis on scientific methodology and skepticism.

Articles and Content

The Main Debate: Cognitive Dissonance and Skepticism

The cover story, "Ei syytä noin vahvaan kognitiiviseen dissonanssiin" (No Reason for Such Strong Cognitive Dissonance), by Anssi Saura, addresses the concept of cognitive dissonance that arises when individuals with a scientific worldview encounter paranormal issues. The article critiques the tendency to dismiss such phenomena outright and discusses the nature of evolution, mutations, and natural selection. It argues that while mutations are random, natural selection is a powerful force. The author touches upon the idea of 'magical correspondence' and the limitations of probability in explaining life's existence. Saura, a professor at Umeå University and a member of Skepsis's scientific advisory board, emphasizes that while science should be open to doubt, it should not be overly humble towards those who claim to have found absolute truth.

Another article, "Skeptikossa 3/2000 julkaistiin kirjoituksemme kognitiivisesta dissonanssista..." (In Skeptikko 3/2000, our article on cognitive dissonance was published...), by Heikki Tikkala, Raimo Tuomainen, and Markku Myllykangas, responds to a previous article by Tauno Puolitaipale. The authors clarify that their intention was not to support any specific researcher like Sergei Kolmakow, but rather to problematize and provoke discussion about science and scientificity. They state that their team is heterogeneous and that the article reflects self-criticism, acknowledging that science has both positive and negative aspects and must recognize its limits.

Exploring Other Topics

Flax Seeds: Health or Hindrance?

FT Pertti Kolari's article "Health or hindrance through flax seeds" examines the complex nature of flax seeds, noting they contain beneficial substances like fiber and polyunsaturated fats, but also dangerous ones such as hydrocyanic acid and cadmium. The article suggests that the disadvantages of natural substances can be unexpectedly amplified during processing for beneficial properties.

Can the Poltergeist Phenomenon Be Rationally Studied?

Professor, chief doctor Hannu Lauerma discusses the potential for rationally studying poltergeist phenomena. He suggests that such an investigation would require a multidisciplinary team, including a psychiatrist specializing in hallucinations, a physicist or engineer for sound and vibration measurement, and a professional magician to expose frauds. A religion researcher might also contribute by classifying descriptions and comparing them with cultural beliefs.

Ardent Geomancy in Joensuu

This short piece by Vesa Tenhunen describes a demonstration of geomancy involving dowsing with L-shaped metal wires and a "magnetic field detector." The author notes the strangeness of the experiment, particularly the device's owner's inability to explain its units and the arbitrary readings. The article also mentions the perceived ease with which some people accepted the FIM 40,000 challenge, which involved proving geomancy.

Other Sections:

• "Muitakin metodeja on kuin tiede" (There are other methods than science): This piece argues that while science is a powerful tool for understanding the world, it is not the only way to gain knowledge. Art, religion, and self-development methods can also open up new dimensions of existence. The article cautions against scientism, an uncritical belief in the omnipotence and correctness of science.
• Obituary: A notice of the passing of Professor emerita Kirsti Lagerspetz, a noted aggression researcher and a member of Skepsis's scientific advisory board.
• Seeking for a humanist: A personal ad from Elwyn Jones seeking a secular humanist friend in Finland.

Skepsis Organization Information

Several pages are dedicated to information about Skepsis ry:

• Membership and Subscription: Details on how to join Skepsis, including membership fees and Skeptikko magazine subscription costs.
• Contact Information: Addresses and contact details for Skepsis ry, its board members, and regional representatives.
• Scientific Advisory Board: A list of the members of Skepsis's scientific advisory board, including many professors and doctors.
• The Skepsis Challenge: An announcement of a 40,000 Finnish mark prize for anyone who can produce a paranormal phenomenon under controlled conditions. The prize can also be awarded as a 'humanoid stipend'.
• Publications: Information about Skepsis's publications, including the book "Paholaisen asianajajan paluu" (The Devil's Advocate's Return), a guide for skeptics.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a skeptical and critical approach to claims, particularly those related to the paranormal. It champions scientific methodology, evidence-based reasoning, and intellectual honesty. While acknowledging the value of science, it also cautions against scientism and recognizes the limitations of scientific inquiry in addressing all aspects of human experience. The editorial stance is one of open inquiry, encouraging debate and self-reflection within the scientific community and among the public.