2000-1-skeptikko

Magazine Overview

This issue of Skeptikko, number 1/2000, dated April 12, 2000, is published by Skepsis Ry and focuses on critical examination of paranormal phenomena and pseudoscientific claims. The cover prominently features a crop circle and headlines about 'Humanoids meeting' and 'Ganzfeld experiments failing to capture extrasensory perception'. The issue includes an editorial, various articles, and a report from a conference.

Editorial: Skepsis's Challenges for the 21st Century

The editorial, written by Sami Tetri, reflects on the past century and the challenges for Skepsis in the new millennium. Tetri notes the lack of concrete evidence for paranormal phenomena in Finland and globally. He outlines a three-step process for evaluating phenomena: identifying the phenomenon (step 1), developing new theories if necessary (step 2), and normalizing it if proven (step 3). Tetri criticizes the rapid proliferation of theories about paranormal phenomena without first establishing the existence of a repeatable phenomenon. He emphasizes the need for Skepsis to differentiate itself from 'theoreticians' who make claims without scientific validation. The editorial also touches upon the public's tendency towards belief and the importance of distinguishing between belief and verified knowledge. It uses the example of rescue helicopters versus ground units to illustrate how public perception can differ from statistical reality. Tetri concludes that by helping people understand the difference between belief and knowledge, Skepsis can achieve its goals for the 21st century.

Articles

Ganzfeld Experiments Failed to Capture Extrasensory Perception

This article by Jukka Häkkinen critically examines the Ganzfeld experiment, a method used to investigate extrasensory perception (ESP). The experiment involves a subject in a state of sensory deprivation, while a 'sender' attempts to transmit mental images. The article details the history and methodology of Ganzfeld experiments, including the development of 'autoganzfeld' experiments that use computers to control the process and minimize human bias. Despite initial promising results in the 1990s, a meta-analysis of 30 studies by Julie Milton and Richard Wiseman, published in Psychological Bulletin, found no statistically significant evidence for ESP. The authors suggest that earlier positive results may have been due to chance or methodological flaws, such as 'stimulus leakage'. The article concludes that the Ganzfeld paradigm, as it stands, cannot prove the existence of paranormal phenomena.

Consciousness and Quantum Physics

Jukka Häkkinen's article addresses the pseudoscientific tendency to link consciousness with quantum physics. It discusses Roger Penrose's theory that consciousness might be explained by quantum processes within microtubules in brain cells. However, the article highlights physicist Max Tegmark's view, published in Science, that the brain is too warm and neurons too slow to function as quantum computers. Tegmark argues that for quantum effects to play a role in consciousness, brain temperature would need to be near absolute zero. The article critiques the misuse of quantum physics concepts in pseudoscientific literature.

Humanoids Meeting

This article, written by Risto K. Järvinen, the new editor-in-chief, describes an interview with an individual claiming to be a 'humanoid' responsible for creating crop circles. The 'humanoid' lives in Helsinki and claims to have created three crop circles in Southern Finland in 1998. The interview details the 'humanoid's' purported technology, which is described as simple and acquired from elementary school art classes. The method involves a plank attached to a shoe for flattening crops and a rope for creating circular patterns. The 'humanoid' suggests that the crop circles are meant to convey messages about changing human consciousness, the transformation of the material world, and possibly extraterrestrial civilizations. The article also mentions the creation of a miniature Stonehenge crop circle in Siuntio by others.

Other Articles and Columns

• 'Bara Normal - Goes business - naturally' by Risto K. Järvinen discusses the commercialization of natural remedies.
• 'Historicity is not an acceptable argument for the use of herbal medicines' by Lena Huldén critiques the reliance on historical use as evidence for the efficacy of herbal remedies.
• 'Nullitus in verba. Don't believe anyone's word!' by Kalervo Kangas emphasizes critical thinking and questioning claims.
• 'The Wild West of Health Food Stores' by Matti Virtanen examines the unregulated market of health products.
• 'Chairman's Column: Skepsis into the New Millennium' by Jukka Häkkinen likely discusses the organization's direction.
• 'Editor-in-Chief in a Nutshell' by Risto K. Järvinen offers a personal insight.
• 'The Million Dollar Madness' by Risto K. Järvinen (translated) likely discusses James Randi's work and challenges.
• 'Results from Homeopathy?' by Pertti Laine questions the validity of homeopathic claims.
• 'Discussion: Therapy Cults to Healthy Belief' by Timo Teinikivi explores the nature of therapeutic movements.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Skeptikko revolve around the critical evaluation of paranormal claims, pseudoscientific theories, and the importance of evidence-based reasoning. The magazine consistently promotes skepticism and scientific methodology, challenging claims that lack empirical support. The editorial stance is clearly that of advocating for critical thinking, distinguishing between belief and knowledge, and debunking unsubstantiated phenomena. The articles collectively aim to educate readers about the scientific consensus on topics ranging from ESP and crop circles to alternative medicine and the nature of consciousness, encouraging a rational and evidence-based approach to understanding the world.

This issue of Skeptikko magazine, dated 1/2000, focuses on skepticism towards paranormal claims and the investigation of phenomena often attributed to supernatural causes. The cover headline, "Älä usko kenenkään sanoihin!" (Don't believe anyone's words!), sets a critical tone for the content.

Crop Circles: Hoax or Phenomenon?

The magazine features an in-depth interview with an individual who claims to be one of the creators of crop circles in Finland, particularly in Sipoo. This person, referred to as 'the prankster,' reveals that the crop circles were made as elaborate jokes, not by extraterrestrial or supernatural forces. They describe the process, which involved using ropes and planks to flatten the grain, and the challenges of doing so without being detected, especially at night. The prankster also recounts the amusement derived from public speculation and media coverage, including a prominent feature in Ilta-Sanomat. While admitting to creating these 'pranks,' the individual also suggests that some complex crop circles might have genuine unexplained origins, acknowledging that they haven't figured out how to create the most intricate ones.

Another section discusses the psychological and emotional effects reported by people within crop circles, with some experiencing feelings of peace and wonder, leading them to believe the circles are genuine. The article also touches upon alleged genetic mutations found around crop circles, which the prankster dismisses with humor.

Paranormal Research Conference in Tampere

The issue reports on a conference held at Tampere University on February 19, 2000, organized by the Finnish Para-research Archive and the Paranormal Research Network. Despite extensive promotion, the attendance was low, consisting mainly of organizers, speakers, and a few audience members. The conference featured lectures on various paranormal topics, including Jarkko Kari's overview of global paranormal research, which concluded that while there's a lot of activity, results are not fully reproducible or reliable. Sergei Kolmakow, a professor at the University of Kuopio, presented research on psychic healing and physics, mentioning studies on a blind woman who could predict future events and influence objects with her mind, as well as research into therapeutic touch and Kirlian photography. However, the article notes that Kolmakow's work has faced criticism, and he expressed dissatisfaction with previous Skeptikko articles about him.

Matti Pitkänen, a physicist, lectured on his theory of topological geometrodynamics (TGD), suggesting it might explain phenomena like homeopathy. The article points out that Pitkänen is an independent researcher and not affiliated with the physics department at the University of Helsinki, and his theories have not gained widespread scientific recognition.

Academician G.N. Dulnev from St. Petersburg Technical University discussed major breakthroughs in paranormal research in Russia, including studies of a woman who could move objects with her mind and influence skin temperature. These phenomena were investigated for years to rule out fraud, and the woman's abilities were not blocked by a Faraday cage. Research also explored acoustic phenomena and the effects of vacuum on her abilities.

Herbalism and Alternative Medicine

The magazine critically examines the historical argument for using herbal remedies, questioning whether centuries of use automatically equate to effectiveness. FT Lena Huldén, a historian, discusses historical medical practices, including a recipe from the 17th century involving a puppy and various herbs, and the use of animal excrement. The article points out that while historical texts mention many remedies, modern medicine has moved towards chemically pure products.

A segment on natural product stores highlights the 'shops' describes the commercialization of herbs like Chaparral, which was marketed for its supposed health benefits, including cancer treatment. However, the article highlights adverse effects reported to the FDA, linking Chaparral to liver inflammation and other health issues, which significantly impacted sales in Finland.

Professor Raimo Hiltunen explains that a large portion of medicinal plants are highly toxic, and the perception of what is 'natural' or 'healthy' is subjective and influenced by modern sensibilities.

Panel Discussion and Skepticism

A panel discussion included DI Olavi Kiviniemi (Chairman of the Finnish Para-research Society and member of Skepsis ry), Professor Matti Luoma, FT Pasi Klemettinen, Academician G.N. Dulnev, Professor Sergei Kolmakow, and LL Heino Tiik. The discussion touched upon the difficulty of dialogue between skeptics and paranormal researchers due to their differing viewpoints. The need for better communication and participation in each other's events was emphasized.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently adopts a skeptical and critical stance towards paranormal claims, emphasizing the need for empirical evidence, reproducibility, and critical analysis. It questions the validity of historical arguments for alternative medicine and highlights the potential dangers of commercialized natural products. The magazine advocates for a scientific approach to understanding phenomena, urging readers not to blindly accept claims without scrutiny. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of rational inquiry and evidence-based conclusions, as reflected in the motto "Don't believe anyone's words!"

Title: Skeptikko
Issue: 1/2000
Date: January 2000
Publisher: Skepsis ry
Country: Finland
Language: Finnish

This issue of Skeptikko, a Finnish skeptical magazine, delves into various topics related to pseudoscience, health claims, and the regulation of natural products. The magazine critically examines instances where natural products have caused harm, questions the validity of paranormal claims, and highlights the challenges faced by regulatory bodies.

Chaparral: A Dangerous Natural Product

The lead story focuses on the severe liver damage caused by Chaparral, a natural product marketed for its supposed benefits, including increasing breast milk production. The article details the case of "Mrs. Korhonen," a Finnish woman who experienced debilitating liver inflammation after consuming Chaparral. Initially unaware of its true nature, she believed it to be simply alfalfa. Her case, along with another involving a middle-aged woman, underscores the potential dangers of unregulated natural products. The article notes that Chaparral had been banned in Belgium and that products derived from Larrea bushes were known to cause serious liver issues in the USA. Despite this, regulatory action in Finland was delayed until domestic incidents and media attention brought the issue to light.

James Randi's Million-Dollar Challenge

Another significant section discusses James Randi's famous million-dollar challenge, which offers a substantial prize to anyone who can prove they possess paranormal abilities under controlled conditions. The article highlights the numerous attempts to claim the prize and the equally numerous failures. It points out that many claimants either fail the initial tests or refuse to participate, often citing reasons like "bad vibrations" or the inability to test their abilities in a way they deem appropriate. Randi's foundation has faced accusations of manipulating tests, but the article suggests the primary reason for no one claiming the prize is simply that such abilities do not exist or cannot be reliably demonstrated.

Regulation of Natural Products and Misleading Marketing

The magazine critically examines the marketing and regulation of natural products in Finland. It questions why products known to be potentially harmful, like Chaparral, were allowed on the market. The article features interviews with various experts, including physicians and officials from regulatory bodies like the National Food Agency (Elintarvikevirasto) and the National Agency for Medicines (Lääkelaitos). These experts acknowledge the difficulty in monitoring the vast number of natural products available and the challenges in proving causality for adverse effects. The case of Noni juice is also discussed, where misleading marketing claims led to a sales ban by the National Food Agency.

Pseudoscience and Skepticism within Skepsis

The issue also includes a section on the new editor-in-chief of Skeptikko, Risto K. Järvinen, and his background in skepticism. Järvinen's journey into skepticism began with an interest in the paranormal, which eventually led him to conclude that most claims were unsubstantiated. The magazine also touches upon other pseudoscientific topics, such as homeopathy, questioning the scientific basis of products like Vogel's Memosan, which was marketed as a remedy for menopausal symptoms.

Other Topics

Further articles discuss the role of the Skepsis association, including its awards (Socrates Prize for promoting science communication and the unawarded Huuhaa Prize for pseudoscience), upcoming events like a summer excursion, and the need for member contributions. The magazine also includes a piece on the limitations of homeopatic treatments and the challenges in regulating their marketing.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the critical examination of health claims made by natural products, the importance of scientific evidence over anecdotal accounts, and the need for robust regulation to protect consumers from potentially harmful or fraudulent products. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical, advocating for evidence-based approaches and challenging pseudoscientific beliefs and practices. The magazine aims to inform the public about the lack of scientific support for many alternative health products and paranormal phenomena.

Title: Skeptikko
Issue: 1/2000
Publisher: Skepsis ry
Country: Finland
Date: January 2000

This issue of Skeptikko magazine, published by the Finnish Skeptics' Society (Skepsis ry), delves into various topics related to pseudoscience, alternative medicine, and critical thinking. The magazine aims to debunk unfounded claims and promote a scientific approach to understanding phenomena.

Investigating 'Memosan' and Regulatory Loopholes

The lead article investigates the marketing of a product called 'Memosan,' which is presented as a homeopathic remedy for menopausal symptoms. The author recounts their efforts to obtain information from various regulatory bodies, including the Consumer Administration and the National Agency for Medicines. It is revealed that 'Memosan' is sold as a special preparation without a sales permit, and while it is not considered a foodstuff, it is also not registered as a medicine. The article highlights how such products can circumvent regulations, with marketing potentially implying therapeutic benefits without explicit claims. The author expresses concern over the lack of transparency and the potential for misleading consumers, especially with products marketed through home sales.

The Dangers of 'Therapy Cults'

Another significant piece discusses 'therapy cults,' defined as communities that attempt to influence individuals' inner psychological experiences. These groups, often operating under the guise of religion or therapy, can be highly manipulative. The article explains how such cults use emotional manipulation, guilt, and fear to control members, breaking down their sense of self and replacing it with the group's ideology. Critical thinking is discouraged, and external information is demonized. The author notes that while some members may experience temporary positive changes due to group belonging, psychological symptoms can worsen, especially if individuals deviate from the group's norms. The article draws parallels to fascist ideologies in its analysis of the manipulative techniques used.

Critiquing Alternative Medicine and Pseudoscience

The magazine features several short articles and reviews that critically examine various pseudoscientific claims and alternative therapies.

One article reports on the case of Louise Lortie, a nature therapist in Canada, who was convicted for the death of a 12-year-old girl. Lortie had advised the diabetic girl to stop using insulin, leading to her death. The article highlights the dangers of unqualified individuals offering medical advice.

Another piece questions the effectiveness of herbal medications, suggesting that historical use or anecdotal evidence is not a sufficient basis for their acceptance. The article uses a provocative analogy to question the methodology of alternative medicine proponents.

A report from the Joensuu Skeptics' chapter discusses a lecture on the health effects of magnetic fields, noting the participation of individuals concerned about electromagnetic hypersensitivity. While acknowledging the members' desire for more testing, the article implies a lack of conclusive evidence for such sensitivities.

The magazine also criticizes the inclusion of astrological predictions in the business and technology magazine 'Tekniikka & Talous.' The editor-in-chief of that publication, Heikki Vuonamo, is quoted stating that companies relying on astrologers for strategic decisions are a cause for concern and should be removed.

An English summary section includes articles on the lack of evidence for extra-sensory perception in Ganzfeld tests, the 'wild west' of natural medicine and the challenges of regulating it, a meeting with a creator of mystical pictograms, and a critique of the historicity argument for herbal medication.

Skepsis ry: Organization and Activities

The latter part of the magazine provides information about Skepsis ry, the Finnish Skeptics' Society. It details the organization's founding in 1987, its mission to promote scientific investigation of paranormal claims, and its membership in international skeptical organizations. The magazine outlines the society's goals, which include encouraging objective research, maintaining a network of interested individuals, publishing articles and bibliographies, and organizing events. It emphasizes that Skepsis ry is politically, ideologically, and religiously unaffiliated. The issue also includes details on how to join the organization, subscription information for the Skeptikko magazine, and contact details for regional representatives.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Skeptikko are the critical examination of pseudoscientific claims, the dangers of unproven alternative therapies, and the importance of scientific literacy and critical thinking. The magazine consistently adopts a skeptical stance, advocating for evidence-based reasoning and challenging unsubstantiated beliefs, particularly in areas of health, psychology, and paranormal phenomena. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific rigor and against the spread of misinformation and potentially harmful practices.