1997-3-skeptikko

Magazine Overview

Title: SKEPTIKKO
Issue: 3/97
Volume: 34
Date: October 1, 1997
Publisher: Skepsis ry
Country: Finland
Language: Finnish
ISSN: 0786-2571

This issue of Skeptikko magazine features a prominent cover article by Leena Krohn titled "There is no rational thinking without imagination." The cover also highlights other articles such as "Where would I find a bioenergy being?" and "The devil's advocate returns."

Editorial: Investigating the Paranormal

The editorial, "Paranormaalia tutkimaan" (Investigating the Paranormal), by Hannu Hartikainen, addresses the public perception of Skepsis ry as merely an anti-paranormal club. Hartikainen argues that while Skepsis's statutes state a goal of promoting objective and unbiased scientific research into paranormal claims, this aspect of the organization's work has been neglected. He suggests that Skepsis should actively support and develop research into paranormal claims to enhance its credibility and foster genuine understanding, rather than solely engaging in debunking.

Articles

"Teoria ja fantasia" (Theory and Fantasy) by Leena Krohn

Leena Krohn's article explores the intricate relationship between imagination and rationality. She posits that imagination is not merely an irrational faculty but a crucial component of rational thought. Krohn argues that imagination allows us to explore hypothetical scenarios, understand the consequences of our actions, and empathize with others, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of consciousness and self. She touches upon the philosophical question of reality, referencing Descartes and the possibility of collective hallucination, but concludes that even if reality were an illusion, we would still need to accept it as real to function. The article also discusses how science and art, while using different methods, both stem from the human perceptual world and rely on imagination and thought. Krohn emphasizes that imagination is a way of acquiring knowledge about possibilities and potential realities.

"Bioenergiaa ennen ja nyt" (Bioenergy Before and Now) by Robert Brotherus

Robert Brotherus examines the concept of 'bioenergy,' a modern term for 'life force' (vitalis), which was prevalent in medieval thought. He notes that while the scientific understanding of life has advanced significantly, the concept of bioenergy persists, particularly within New Age circles, among those less familiar with current scientific findings. Brotherus critiques bioenergy as a pseudoscientific explanation, arguing that it often leads to tautological definitions, such as "bioenergy is the force that keeps the human body functioning." He suggests that this is a superficial explanation that fails to provide genuine insight into the mechanisms of life.

"Paholaisen asianajaja palaa" (The Devil's Advocate Returns)

This section announces the release of a new handbook for skeptics, "Paholaisen asianajajan paluu" (The Devil's Advocate Returns), published by URSA and Skepsis ry. This book is a successor to an earlier guide and covers various paranormal phenomena, including UFOs and creationism, with new authors and updated content. It is intended to complement the previous publication and will be available in both Finnish and Estonian.

Other Content

The magazine also includes sections on "Lyhyet" (Shorts), "Tulevia tapahtumia" (Upcoming Events), and an "English Summary." It features announcements for "Kutsu yhdistyksen ylimääräiseen kokoukseen" (Invitation to an extraordinary meeting of the association) and "Kutsu yhdistyksen syyskokoukseen" (Invitation to the autumn meeting of the association), both scheduled for December 13th.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the critical examination of pseudoscientific claims, the importance of rational thought and scientific methodology, and the role of imagination in understanding the world. The editorial stance is clearly pro-skepticism, advocating for a more active and constructive engagement with paranormal claims through rigorous scientific investigation. The magazine promotes critical thinking and challenges unsubstantiated beliefs, while also acknowledging the complexity of reality and the limitations of human knowledge.

This issue of Skeptikko magazine, dated 3/97, focuses on the concept of bioenergy, skepticism towards pseudoscientific claims, and the activities of the Finnish skeptical society, Skepsis ry. The cover headline, 'Tosiasioita tulevaisuudestanne' (Facts about your future), hints at a critical examination of predictions and beliefs.

Bioenergy: A Brief Introduction

The article 'Energia - lyhyt oppimäärä' (Energy - a short lesson) deconstructs the term 'bioenergy,' noting its adoption from modern natural science by the New Age movement. It explains fundamental physics concepts of energy, such as kinetic energy (energy of motion) and potential energy (energy due to position or state). Kinetic energy is described as the energy of moving objects, including the motion of cars and planets, and the microscopic movement of molecules that constitutes heat. Potential energy is explained through examples like a stone lifted by a rope (gravitational potential energy) and the energy stored in charged particles (electrical potential energy). Chemical energy, a form of potential energy within molecules, is highlighted as crucial for life, powering processes like cellular respiration, which converts food and oxygen into energy for proteins and movement.

The author emphasizes that energy is not an independent entity but a property of objects. Just as redness is a property of an object, not an independent concept, energy is contained within objects, molecules, or photons. The article criticizes the New Age notion of bioenergy as an independent life force or aura, distinct from the energy inherent in biological molecules and their processes. It argues that scientific explanations involving chemical reactions and molecular motion are sufficient to explain life's functions, without recourse to mystical energies.

Where Can Bioenergy Be Found?

This section questions the existence and location of the purported 'bioenergy.' It reiterates that humans possess potential and kinetic energy through their bodily functions. The flow of energy within the body is compared to the flow of money in a global economy, essential for operation but not a structure in itself. The article asserts that science leaves no room for any other form of energy beyond chemical potential energy and molecular kinetic energy to explain life. It concludes that the debate about bioenergy is largely confined to the New Age community and requires a non-tautological definition to proceed meaningfully.

Beliefs Flourish

This section addresses the common question posed in panel discussions: 'Why does a person function the way they do if not for bioenergy?' The author finds this question problematic, not because of a lack of scientific answers, but because these answers (involving molecules and chemical reactions) often fail to satisfy those seeking more mystical explanations. The article suggests that for individuals unfamiliar with biology and chemistry, the explanations offered by pseudoscience and science can appear equally demanding of faith. It notes that people often choose explanations that feel more comfortable or interesting, leading to a potentially bright future for bioenergy beliefs.

The author firmly states that 'bioenergy,' as understood by the New Age movement, is a superfluous concept. The human body does not require an extra life force to function, just as planets do not need a 'heavenly force' to maintain their motion. While humanity has progressed from medieval ignorance, many still cling to outdated belief systems.

Facts about Your Future

This article humorously recounts the author's attempt to advertise as a fortune teller. The advertisement, stating 'Facts about your future,' led to calls from people seeking predictions about their death, happiness, and future events. The author, using factual, albeit blunt, information about mortality, health risks (smoking), and statistical probabilities of unhappiness, disappointed the callers who expected comforting prophecies. The author concludes that the calls were not profitable, and the experience reinforced the idea that people prefer comforting illusions over harsh realities.

Skepsis in Jyväskylä

This section details the activities of Skepsis ry, a Finnish skeptical organization. It covers their summer event in Jyväskylä from July 10-13, themed 'Lies and Deception.' The event featured James Randi as the main speaker, who gave lectures and performed thought-reading demonstrations. Randi's visit generated significant media attention. The event included a seminar on hoaxes ('Huuhaa huijausseminaari') and a 'Randi-ilta' (Randi Evening) titled 'Truth is Here Somewhere.' Skeptics also had a booth at the 'Identity Fair' held at the university.

Photographs show James Randi, Rayzhel Easton (a psychic and healer), and other participants. Randi was compared to David Copperfield and entertained the audience with psychic demonstrations. Rayzhel Easton presented her claims of traveling through the universe and encountering various beings, blending Christian mysticism with science fiction.

The article also provides a historical overview of the Skepsis activity group in Jyväskylä, founded in 1992. Initially organized by Kari Saari and Otto Mäkelä, the group aimed to connect like-minded skeptics in Central Finland. They held regular meetings, often inviting speakers on topics of interest to skeptics, such as ouija boards, out-of-body experiences, and urban legends. The group also discussed parapsychology, hypnosis, and conspiracy theories. Notably, the group maintained a small library and an email list for communication. The history also mentions a humorous encounter with a geopathologist, Toivo Kauppinen, who claimed to have discovered heavy water created by earth radiation.

Skepsis ry. Response to Challenge

A form is provided for individuals to respond to Skepsis ry's challenge of 10,000 Finnish marks for anyone who can prove their psychic abilities. The form requires the participant's name, contact information, and a description of their claimed ability.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a skeptical and scientific approach to phenomena, particularly those associated with the New Age movement and paranormal claims. It aims to debunk pseudoscience by providing factual information and scientific explanations. The editorial stance is critical of unsubstantiated beliefs and advocates for evidence-based reasoning. The magazine also highlights the activities of Skepsis ry, encouraging public engagement with skeptical inquiry and critical thinking.

This issue of "Skeptikko" (Issue 3/97, dated Autumn 1997) from Skepsis ry, Finland, focuses on a significant challenge to the paranormal community and explores various topics related to skepticism, alternative medicine, and scientific inquiry.

Skepsis's Challenge: 10,000 Marks for Paranormal Phenomena

The cover story announces Skepsis's challenge: 10,000 Finnish marks (mk) to anyone who can produce a paranormal phenomenon under controlled conditions. The prize money is offered as cash to the individual who can demonstrate such a phenomenon. In a special case, the prize can also be paid to a 'humanoid' who collects the stipend and provides a DNA sample. If obtaining identification or a bank card proves difficult for the humanoid, the money can be given to a designated human contact person.

A Side Bet with Dr. Luukanen-Kilde

Given that experts, particularly Dr. Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, have repeatedly suggested dates for the public unveiling of humanoids, Skepsis has made a bet with her. If a humanoid debut occurs before the end of 1998, Skepsis will pay Dr. Luukanen-Kilde 10,000 mk. If not, she will pay Skepsis 100 mk, which Skepsis will use to send her a year's subscription to Skeptikko magazine.

Tripled Prize Money

An individual successfully producing a paranormal phenomenon could potentially earn 30,000 mk. Magician Jiro Seppänen has pledged an additional 10,000 mk, and the TV company Broadcasters will also contribute 10,000 mk. Broadcasters has promised to broadcast any potential trial live.

The Rules of the Challenge

Detailed rules for the challenge, approved by the Skepsis board on October 9, 1989, are outlined. Paranormal phenomena are defined as events contrary to current scientific understanding, including telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, psychokinesis, out-of-body experiences, and dowsing. For a phenomenon or ability to be tested, it must be demonstrable under experimental conditions. The challenge is open to any adult Finnish citizen or resident. Applicants must submit a letter stating their intention to participate, describing the phenomenon or ability, and providing a sworn statement from an adult witness. Skepsis will appoint an expert group to design and conduct tests. Applicants may be required to undergo preliminary tests. A written agreement (test pre-protocol) will be made, detailing test conditions, costs, and criteria for success. The applicant is responsible for test costs unless otherwise agreed. Skepsis guarantees the prize money upon successful completion. If either party fails to appear for the test without a valid force majeure reason, the absent party forfeits. Test results will be documented and signed by observers. Disagreements during testing will lead to re-testing of the disputed phase. The expert group will interpret the results, and both parties will receive a copy of the test report. Prize money can be paid to the successful applicant or donated to a public benefit organization. Test documents can be published by Skepsis. The challenge remains open until Skepsis's annual general meeting renews it. Disputes will be resolved by the Helsinki District Court.

Homeopathy Debate in Hyvinkää

A citizen's initiative in Hyvinkää has gathered nearly 4,000 signatures requesting a homeopath at the municipal health center. The initiative states a desire for a professional with medical and homeopathic training and practical experience. The leading physician of the Hyvinkää health center, Harri Eloranta, expressed surprise at the wording, questioning the combination of medicine, homeopathy, and natural healing. He acknowledged the petition but reminded that municipalities are not obligated to provide homeopathic treatments, and there is no scientific evidence of their effectiveness. He noted that while there are clear needs for physiotherapy, other alternative treatments are not mandated.

Alternative Medicine in Germany

A report from Der Spiegel magazine indicates that successful lobbying in Germany may lead to alternative therapies being covered by national health insurance. The article criticizes this potential move, suggesting it would benefit quacks and take society back to the Middle Ages. Currently, only private insurance covers some alternative treatments. The article notes that the criteria for supporting these therapies are vague and could encompass a wide range of unproven methods. Germany is presented as a leading example of the rise of alternative medicine in Europe, causing difficulties for EU drug administration regarding regulations for homeopathic, anthroposophic, and herbal remedies.

Celebrities Endorse New Association for Alternative Medicine

Katri-Helena and Esa Pakarinen Jr. have agreed to be figureheads for a new association promoting alternative medicine. The founding meeting is scheduled for October 12. Katri-Helena will handle the program, and Esa Pakarinen Jr. will host the event where the founding document for Luontaisterveys ry (Natural Health Association) will be signed. Psychiatrist Martti Paloheimo and surgeon Kaarlo Jaakkola will also speak on topics related to natural health and antioxidants. The association aims to unite the entire field of natural health and promote its practices. Its goals include promoting freedom of choice in healthcare, supporting practitioners, initiating proposals to authorities, fostering domestic and international cooperation, and conducting research and information dissemination.

Bio Energy in Past and Present

Robert Brotherus discusses the concept of 'vitalis' in the Middle Ages, where it was used to explain the functioning of living creatures. This concept is seen as a product of ignorance and a desire for explanation. The article notes a resurgence of this idea in contemporary New Age culture under the name 'bio energy.' However, it suggests that modern society has a better understanding of the phenomena behind life due to advanced scientific research.

Skeptic's New Handbook in Finnish and Estonian

The Finnish Sceptics are publishing a new handbook, 'The Return of Devil's Attorney,' following the success of their 1989 book. The new handbook, co-published with Ursa Astronomical Association, will be released in both Finnish and Estonian by the end of the year. The book will scrutinize topics like UFOs, graphology, astrology, and hypnosis, differentiating between science and pseudoscience.

Murphy Was Right

An article references a Scientific American report suggesting that Murphy's Law has some basis in reality. It explains that simple probability can account for why one's own queue seems to move slower than others, citing a 1/3 chance of your queue being faster than two others of equal length.

Homeopathy Institute Kairon's Anniversary

Esa Pakarinen Jr. hosted the 10th-anniversary celebration of the Luontaislääketieteen Instituutti Kairon (Kairon Institute of Natural Medicine). The event featured performances by artist Tapani Kansa. The day's speakers included Jouko Skinnari, MP, Professor Raimo Hiltunen, and Dr. Kaarlo Jaakkola. Kairon offers courses in classical homeopathy, reflexology, art therapy, and flower therapy.

Cloning Services in Switzerland

A Swiss religious cult is offering cloning services for childless couples, aiming to help humanity achieve eternal life. The service, provided by Valiant Venture Ltd., costs $200,000. They also offer 'Insuraclone,' a $50,000 service for secure storage of living cells for future cloning. The cult, Raëli Movement, founded in 1970, claims life on Earth was created in laboratories by extraterrestrial beings.

Skepsis Seeks Activists

Skepsis ry is seeking active members to help with its growing operations. The organization, with nearly a thousand members, needs volunteers for various roles, including secretarial work and maintaining the membership registry. While the organization offers no financial compensation, it covers expenses and provides a sense of accomplishment.

Upcoming Events

The magazine lists several upcoming events hosted by Skepsis:

• October 15: A public event titled "Life, What is it and What is it?" featuring researcher Suvi Viranta discussing creationism. This will be followed by an extraordinary general meeting.
• November 12: A discussion on "Feminism, Science, and Feminist Science?" followed by the autumn general meeting.
• December 13: A year-end seminar titled "Anniversary Celebration" at the House of Science, featuring music, discussions, and the presentation of the Socrates and Huuhaa awards. The new edition of Skepsis's book "The Devil's Advocate Returns" will be launched.

All public events are free and held at the House of Science (Yliopistonkatu 3, Helsinki) from 18:00 to 20:00.

Ratio or Magic Course

Ilpo V. Salmi is offering a course at the Espoonlahti Adult Education Centre on rational scientific perspectives on unexplained phenomena, including suggestion, hypnosis, creativity, telepathy, and astrology.

Panel on Fringe Knowledge

A panel discussion on paranormal phenomena and fringe knowledge, including astrology and tarot cards, will be held at Kanneltalo Auditorium in Helsinki on October 25. Panelists include Vuokko Coco, Matti Ollila, Ilpo V. Salmi, and Raija Sollamo. The event is free and open to the public.

Joining Skepsis

Information is provided on how to join Skepsis ry as a member or subscribe to Skeptikko magazine. Membership fees are 100 mk per year (50 mk for those under 20), which includes a subscription. Magazine-only subscriptions are also 100 mk per year. A membership application/subscription form is available online.

About Skepsis ry

Skepsis ry was founded in 1987 as a Finnish skeptical organization, operating independently but in cooperation with the US-based CSICOP. Its purpose is to promote objective scientific research into paranormal claims, maintain a network of interested individuals, publish relevant articles and books, and engage in public education. The organization is politically, ideologically, and religiously unaffiliated. The board can accept individuals and organizations as members who agree with its principles.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly emphasizes a critical and evidence-based approach to extraordinary claims. The central theme is the 10,000 mk challenge, directly inviting individuals to prove paranormal abilities under scientific scrutiny. The magazine consistently contrasts pseudoscientific claims (like those surrounding bio energy, homeopathy, and cloning) with scientific methodology and evidence. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of rationalism, scientific investigation, and the debunking of unsubstantiated beliefs, as exemplified by the various articles and the organization's stated goals.

This document contains two meeting invitations from Skepsis ry. The first is an invitation to an extraordinary meeting to be held on Wednesday, October 15, 1997, at 7:20 PM in the Porthania lecture hall III at the University of Helsinki. This meeting is called to discuss proposed changes to the association's bylaws.

The second invitation is for the annual meeting of Skepsis ry, scheduled for Wednesday, November 12, 1997, at 7:20 PM, also in the Porthania lecture hall III. This meeting will take place following the adoption of new bylaws, if approved at the extraordinary meeting.

Extraordinary Meeting (October 15, 1997)

Agenda:

1. Opening of the meeting.
2. Election of the meeting's chairperson, secretary, two minute-takers, and two vote counters.
3. Confirmation of the meeting's legality and quorum.
4. Approval of the meeting's agenda.
5. Consideration of the bylaw amendment proposal.
6. Announcements and other matters.
7. Closing of the meeting.

Bylaw Amendment Proposal:

The Skepsis ry board proposes changes to the association's bylaws to comply with the Finnish Associations Act. The key change is to establish two annual general meetings per year. The spring meeting will handle the annual report and financial statement for the previous year. The autumn meeting will address the budget and operating plan for the following year, decide on the membership fee, elect the chairperson and other board members for the following year, and elect auditors.

The proposed amendment also includes other changes consistent with the standard association bylaws. The new bylaws will take effect upon their approval.

Annual Meeting (November 12, 1997)

Agenda:

1. Opening of the meeting.
2. Election of the meeting's chairperson, secretary, two minute-takers, and two vote counters.
3. Confirmation of the meeting's legality and quorum.
4. Approval of the meeting's agenda.
5. Approval of the operating plan, budget, and membership fee for 1998.
6. Election of the board chairperson and other board members for 1998.
7. Election of two auditors and two deputy auditors for 1998.
8. Announcements and other matters.
9. Closing of the meeting.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The document primarily concerns the administrative and legal procedures of the Skepsis ry association. The focus is on formal meetings, bylaw amendments, and the election of officials. The editorial stance, as presented by the board, is one of adherence to legal requirements and structured governance, aiming to modernize the association's operations in line with national legislation. The language is formal and procedural, typical of official meeting notices.