02-skeptikko

Magazine Overview

Title: SKEPTIKKO
Issue: Numero 2
Date: talvi 1989 (Winter 1989)
Publisher: Skepsis ry
Type: Tiedotuslehti (Information Bulletin)

This issue of Skeptikko, the information bulletin of Skepsis ry, presents a critical examination of various phenomena and theories often considered pseudoscientific or paranormal. The cover features a prominent question mark within a circular design, symbolizing the magazine's investigative and skeptical approach, along with the issue number and date.

Table of Contents

The issue's table of contents lists the following articles:

• 3: Puheenjohtaja pakisee (The Chairman Rants)
• 4: Daniel Home – meedioiden kuningas vai puhkaistu kupla? (Daniel Home – King of Mediums or a Burst Bubble?)
• 5: Erich Schulte-Berge – Velikovskin ja Dänikenin tuntematon haastaja (Erich Schulte-Berge – The Unknown Challenger of Velikovsky and Däniken)
• 8: AIDS, luontaislaäkintä ja esi-isien ilkeät henget (AIDS, Natural Healing, and the Evil Spirits of Ancestors)
• 10: "Vaihtoehtoista" aatepuuroa opistoissa ja lehdissä ("Alternative" Ideological Porridge in Colleges and Magazines)
• 12: Uutisia (News)
• 13: Ennustuksia (Predictions)
• 14: Skepsiksen tiedotuksia (Skepsis Announcements)

An important disclaimer states that all writings published in the magazine are the authors' own opinions and do not represent the official stance of the editorial team, Skepsis, or CSICOP.

Editorial and Organizational Information

The Skepsis ry board is listed, including chairman Seppo Kivinen and vice-chairman Nils Mustelin, along with other members: Nils Edelman, Pekka Hartola, Heta Häyry, Matti Häyry, Hannu Karttunen, and Raimo Tuomela. For membership and association-related inquiries, Matti Virtanen is listed as the secretary. The editorial team for Skeptikko magazine consists of editor-in-chief Hannu Karttunen and editorial board members Matti Virtanen and Nils Mustelin. Contact information for Hannu Karttunen, including a phone number and postal address in Espoo, is provided for matters related to the magazine. The ISSN for the magazine is 0786-2571.

Puheenjohtaja pakisee (The Chairman Rants)

Authored by S. Albert Kivinen, this piece reflects on the second issue of Skeptikko, suggesting that its regular appearance is becoming a habit. Kivinen thanks the editorial board members, Matti Virtanen and Hannu Karttunen, for their work. He expresses an ideal for the magazine: to be a comprehensive publication covering both domestic and international events, serving as a forum for discussion among members. However, he acknowledges the limitations imposed by available resources, noting that a 16-20 page issue published quarterly may not accommodate extensive content. He suggests improvising in the initial issues and awaiting member feedback.

Daniel Home – King of Mediums or a Burst Bubble?

Written by S. Albert Kivinen, this article critically examines the life and alleged paranormal abilities of Daniel Home (1833-1886), often called the "king of mediums." Home interacted with European aristocracy and royalty, including Napoleon III and Tsar Alexander II. Accounts of his séances describe levitations of furniture and himself, phantom touches, and other phenomena. The Ashley House levitation in London in 1868 is highlighted as a particularly well-documented case. However, the article introduces Trevor Hall's analysis from his 1965 essay collection "New Light on Old Ghosts," which questions the paranormal explanation for the Ashley House incident. Hall suggests Home could have navigated a narrow ledge around the window, and that darkness and suggestion played a role. Hall's later book, "The Enigma of Daniel Home" (1984), further explores Home's life, including his birth name. The article notes that while Hall's research is thorough, the focus shifts to Home's biography rather than the phenomena themselves. The author mentions encountering other reports of Home's activities in Jean Burton's "Heyday of a Wizard," suggesting that even without the Ashley House case, other reports prima facie indicate paranormal events.

Erich Schulte-Berge – The Unknown Challenger of Velikovsky and Däniken

Authored by Nils Edelman, this article reviews several pseudoscientific books by German author Erich Schulte-Berge. Schulte-Berge's works cover a wide range of topics, including the origin of atoms, gravity, the Great Flood, and ancient astronauts. He has self-published around 30 books, characterized by a lack of evidence for his claims. The article critiques Schulte-Berge's theories, such as his explanation of gravity as a result of density differences and magnetic units, which he claims would cause the Earth to explode. His geological theories suggest a 6 km thick cloud cover that caused periodic floods, and a drop in sea level. The author points out mathematical inconsistencies in Schulte-Berge's calculations, such as his estimate of ocean depth. Schulte-Berge also interprets ancient art, suggesting phallic symbols represent hydrogen atoms and nuclear reactions, implying ancient knowledge of nuclear physics derived from astronauts.

The article notes that while pseudoscientific theories may arise from human imagination, their popularity and the support they receive are surprising. Schulte-Berge is compared to Emmanuel Velikovsky and Erich von Däniken, who have large followings. The author suggests that sensationalism and a focus on the wonders of science, rather than the scientific process, contribute to the spread of these ideas, preventing the public from demanding evidence and blurring the lines between fields like astrology and astronomy.

• Nils Edelman's shelf contains the following works by Schulte-Berge:
• "Die gemeinsame Ursache von Schwerkraft und Fliehkraft" (1984, 2nd ed. 1987)
• "Galaxies and Geology" (1987)
• "Stars and Strata" (1987)
• "The Old and the New Skies" (1988)
• "Craters and the pre-Christian Cross" (1988)
• "Ein kluges Wort zur rechten Zeit" (1988)

Books can be ordered directly from the author at his address in Marl, West Germany.

AIDS, Natural Healing, and the Evil Spirits of Ancestors

Authored by Heta Häyry and Matti Häyry, this article discusses the use of traditional healing methods and folk remedies in combating AIDS, particularly in developing countries. Despite limited success with Western medicine, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the adoption of traditional treatments. The authors question this recommendation, suggesting that the effectiveness of these "natural" treatments likely does not stem from measurable organic or chemical reactions. One possible explanation for WHO's support is the practical aspect: potent Western drugs like AZT are expensive and have harmful side effects, potentially being more deadly to malnourished AIDS patients in developing nations than the disease itself. However, the authors argue this does not justify promoting ineffective traditional remedies. Another justification is economic, as AZT and other treatments are costly, and poorer nations cannot afford them. The article suggests that with wealthy nations also reluctant to fund AIDS relief, WHO may offer only sympathy and traditional practices to disadvantaged communities.

The authors criticize this cynical approach, arguing that if there is no reason to believe in the efficacy of traditional healing, then WHO's goal of "health for all by the year 2000" cannot be achieved by relying on herbal remedies. The article posits that the appeal of traditional healers in developing countries stems from the failure of Western healthcare to reach the majority of the population or its superficial impact due to cultural differences. Patients often trust traditional healers more than doctors or nurses. While traditional healers may offer harmless herbal concoctions, their primary role is in "infection counseling." The article describes how traditional healers might explain AIDS as a plot by evil ancestral spirits to afflict their living relatives by inhabiting their bodies and causing illness. To thwart these spirits, who can only move through bodily fluids, people are advised to abstain from sexual activity or use condoms. This aspect of traditional healing, focusing on disease prevention through social guidance, is presented as a potentially acceptable justification for using folk healers in AIDS management, though the ethical implications of relying on superstition are questioned.

"Alternative" Ideological Porridge in Colleges and Magazines

Authored by Pekka Hartola, this article criticizes the prevalence of pseudoscientific and New Age ideas in Finnish educational institutions and publications. The author expresses astonishment at how readily various "enlighteners" offer "new age" ideological porridge, often comprising astrology, Steinerism, and Buddhism, at the expense of taxpayers. The article notes that the same astrologers and parapsychology proponents have been active in Helsinki colleges throughout the 1980s. In 1982, the National Board of Education sent a letter to colleges regarding the issue, which parapsychology advocates sensationalized as an attack on their field. The letter expressed concern about the quality, lack of critical thinking, and objectivity in parapsychology education. The article highlights that Vantaa's adult education centers continue to offer astrology courses, even under headings like "natural science" and "mathematics." The author mentions a public letter to Helsingin Sanomat and a response from a college rector. He also recounts an instance where Iltalehti published a story about a rower's success, attributed to astrological predictions by Sven Stenberg, but later removed the astrologer's mention after the rower's setback. The article points to publications like Anna-lehti and the Voi hyvin magazine as examples of media that promote astrology and New Age ideas, with "Voi hyvin" having a circulation of over 50,000 copies.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Skeptikko consistently adopts a critical and skeptical stance towards pseudoscientific claims, paranormal phenomena, and alternative health practices. The articles aim to debunk unsubstantiated theories by examining evidence, logical consistency, and scientific principles. The magazine serves as a platform for reasoned critique, encouraging critical thinking among its readers and questioning the uncritical acceptance of ideas presented in popular media and educational settings. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific methodology and evidence-based reasoning, as opposed to anecdotal evidence, superstition, or unsupported assertions.

Title: SKEPTIKKO
Issue: 2
Date: Winter 1989

This issue of Skeptikko magazine, published in winter 1989, delves into various pseudoscientific claims and phenomena, offering a critical perspective. It highlights the prevalence of 'new age' beliefs and publications in Finland, questioning their uncritical nature.

Critique of Pseudoscience in Finland

The magazine criticizes the uncritical acceptance of pseudoscientific claims in Finnish popular media, specifically mentioning publications like "Ultra" and "Atlantis," as well as the works of author Oskar Reposen. It points out that these publications often feature astrologers and present their books without critical review, overlooking contradictions.

The influence of Steiner's teachings, particularly its astrological basis for cosmology, is also discussed. This influence is seen in biodynamic farming, eurythmy, and Steiner pedagogy, leading to a prevalence of such interests among teachers in Steiner schools. The "Critical High School" is also mentioned for uncritically presenting known pseudoscientists and their publications. Beliefs in nature spirits, elves, tree spirits, bioenergy, and earth radiation are noted as common themes in courses offered, particularly near Karjalahti and Tampere.

The article expresses surprise at the limited awareness and discussion of Skepsis's activities within these 'new age' circles, suggesting that many in these communities have found their 'ultimate truth' and are marketing it at the expense of ignorance.

News Section: The Case of Afonja

Under the heading "Uutisia" (News), compiled by Matti Virtanen, the issue reports on a prediction from the first issue of Skeptikko about new information regarding the 'snowman' Yeti from Asia. However, the news about a similar creature came from the Soviet news agency APN, not from Asia, but from the Lovozeron region in the Kola Peninsula. The creature was given the name Afonja by eyewitnesses.

Reports in "Kansan Uutiset" and "Turun Sanomat" included artist renditions of Afonja. "Helsingin Sanomat" described the creature as covered in grey wool, walking on two legs like an ape, about 2.5 meters tall, with a voice resembling a cow's "moo." Tracks were found near a lake, and its resting place was identified. Moscow forensic experts analyzed samples of its fur and excrement, concluding they did not belong to any known herbivorous animal.

The eyewitnesses were young people who heard the creature's footsteps near their camp. They initially thought it was a bear but noted it "resembled" a human. The creature climbed onto the roof of their cabin. The information was passed to the executive committee, and eventually, a senior game warden, Igor Pavlov, investigated with two hunters. Pavlov reportedly saw Afonja from about twenty meters away.

The article draws a parallel between such reports and "Lysenkojournalism" (or "gee-whizz" journalism in the US), characterized by an eagerness to believe in extraordinary claims and a reluctance to include skeptical viewpoints. The author notes that the creature was described as docile and curious, and it climbed onto a cabin roof, suggesting it might have been a bear. The author questions why people always approach strange creatures armed and why the investigators didn't bring cameras.

Yeti Photograph and Further Reports

The article also mentions a photograph of the Yeti, published in "Skeptical Inquirer," taken by British physicist Anthony Wooldridge in March 1986. While published in the "New York Times," the figure was noted as unclear. The image was discussed in cryptozoology circles.

Wooldridge himself admitted he mistook a rock formation for a living being, expressing disappointment with the photogrammetric results.

APN later reported on a snowman seminar in Moscow, claiming "considerable evidence" for the Yeti's existence, including thousands of sightings and numerous tracks. The author likens this to UFO research, which also relies on indirect evidence.

Michael Dennett, writing in "Skeptical Inquirer," references the journal "Cryptozoology" from the International Cryptozoology Society, but the original source was not available.

Predictions Section

Compiled by Hannu Karttunen, this section discusses predictions made by clairvoyant Olli Kalajoki. In a TV program on January 23rd, Kalajoki predicted Pertti Paasio would join the government, possibly replacing Matti Louekoski or Tarja Halonen. The journalist noted Paasio lacked the formal qualifications for Louekoski's position. Kalajoki did not comment on the subsequent resignation of Kalevi Sorsa.

Another prediction by Kalajoki, that Ilkka Suominen would continue as chairman of the National Coalition Party, proved accurate. The article notes that Suominen's continuation seemed certain for the upcoming party congress.

The section also mentions receiving clippings of predictions from the magazine "Tähdet ja avaruus" (Stars and Space) and encourages readers to send in more predictions from clairvoyants and astrologers.

Skepsis Announcements

Meeting Invitation:

The annual meeting of Skepsis will be held on March 22, 1989, at the cafe-restaurant Suola ja Pippuri in Helsinki. Agenda items include financial statements, the annual report, the auditors' report, the action plan, membership fees, and the election of board members and auditors.

Structural Changes:

The board has discussed restructuring Skepsis by establishing a scientific advisory board composed of distinguished scientists who could be consulted on complex questions. The goal is to make the organization more practical. However, consensus on the model has not yet been reached, and the matter will be discussed at the annual meeting.

James Randi's Visit Postponed:

Magician James Randi's visit to Finland has been postponed again. Originally planned for May, after the European Skeptics' general meeting, the date was moved to September. Skepsis agreed to host the visit.

Lecture Series Continues:

The Wednesday lecture series began in mid-January with a talk on hypnosis by Pekka Roponen, a doctor at Kellokoski Hospital. The lecture addressed questions about the state of consciousness during hypnosis, whether it is closer to sleep or wakefulness, or merely role-playing.

Future lectures include:

• February 15: Docent Matti Leikola on "What is the issue in 1980s forestry science?"
• March 15: Professor Pertti Hemanus on "Irrationalism and superstition in Finnish media."
• April 12: Medical doctor Markku T. Hyyppä on a topic yet to be finalized, with a playful suggestion of "In which brain hemisphere does the soul reside?"
• May 10: Assistant Professor Martti Junnonaho on the rise of Eastern religions and philosophies in the West during the 1970s, and the current struggles of many gurus.

All lectures will be held in Porthania lecture hall P IV.

European Skeptics Convene

The article announces the second European Skeptics' conference, organized by CSICOP and the German skeptical association GWUP, to be held in Munich, West Germany, from May 5-7, 1989. The conference will cover topics such as Fringe Medicine, the Philosophy of Pseudoscience, Earth Rays and Dowsing, and Graphology. Speakers will include European experts on paranormal and pseudoscientific topics, as well as members of the CSICOP Executive Council, including James Randi. Translation services will be provided in English, German, and Spanish.

An invitation is extended to deliver a talk, with submissions to be sent to Amardeo Sarma in West Germany by January 15, 1989. Accommodation details will be sent to early registrants, with late registrants possibly having to stay in Munich.

Membership and Publications

Information is provided on paying membership fees to receive Skeptikko magazine and a discount on the book "Paholaisen asianajaja" (The Devil's Advocate), which is described as a guide for skeptics covering topics like dowsing, humanoids, planetary forces, and psychic phenomena, including recent data on Finnish attitudes towards the supernatural.

Next Issue

The next issue is planned for early May. The editorial team is seeking contributions such as articles, opinions, letters, images, and drawings for the upcoming issue, aiming to expand beyond the current 16-page limit.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical examination of pseudoscientific claims, the spread of 'new age' beliefs, and the role of skeptical organizations in promoting scientific literacy. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical, aiming to debunk unfounded claims and encourage critical thinking, as exemplified by the critique of popular media and the reporting on specific cases like the Afonja sighting. The magazine actively promotes its own activities and encourages reader participation through contributions and membership.