Skeptical Eye - Vol 07 No 2 - 1993

Magazine Overview

This issue of the National Capital Area Skeptical Eye, Vol. 7, No. 2, published in 1993, delves into the cultural impact and scientific underpinnings of the blockbuster film "Jurassic Park." The magazine adopts a critical and "skeptical eye" towards the film's claims, exploring its scientific plausibility, ethical implications, and its place within the broader genre of dinosaur films. It also addresses creationist interpretations of dinosaur existence and provides a comprehensive filmography of dinosaur-themed movies.

Jurassic Poop

The issue opens with an article titled "Jurassic Poop," which acknowledges the massive cultural impact of Michael Crichton's novel and Steven Spielberg's film "Jurassic Park." The film's unprecedented box office success and the resulting "dinosaur-mania" are highlighted. The authors express their intent to join the bandwagon and offer their "skeptical eye" perspective on the phenomenon.

The Dino Genome Project

Written by Jim Pickel, this article examines the scientific basis of "Jurassic Park." It discusses the feasibility of cloning dinosaurs, referencing the isolation and purification of ancient DNA since 1984 and the determination of gene structures from ancient insects found in amber. While acknowledging the scientific advancements that extrapolate to plausible fiction, the article points out the challenges in reconstructing complete dinosaur genomes due to DNA degradation over millions of years. It mentions the use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA fragments and the human genome project's role in DNA sequencing. The article also touches upon the fictitious dinosaur DNA sequence used in the film, which is actually from a ubiquitous bacterial fragment, suggesting it might be a tongue-in-cheek comment on the characters' competence. The complexity of embryological development is also noted as a significant hurdle.

Greetings from Geraci Park

Elena Watson's article "Greetings from Geraci Park" offers a look at a real-world dinosaur attraction. The author clarifies that while cloning dinosaurs is unlikely, Geraci Park (also known as Dinosaur Land) in Winchester, Virginia, provides a dinosaur-themed experience. The park, founded by Joseph Geraci, features 35 concrete dinosaurs and other attractions like a gift shop, a photo room with figures like the Mummy and Frankenstein's monster, and other non-dinosaur inhabitants such as a shark and King Kong. Despite its primitive charm, the article suggests its educational value is negligible, but it fulfills its role as a tourist trap, emphasizing the gift shop.

Prez Sez

Joe Himes, in his "Prez Sez" column, discusses the evolution of the National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS) and its programs. He notes that the organization is adapting to address current public issues that affect everyone, such as public safety, medical research, and education, where funds might be misdirected towards "fuzzy ideas." Himes emphasizes the need for NCAS to tap into the skills of its members to provide critical light and help find useful solutions. He also seeks ways to involve more members, recognizing that not everyone can attend local presentations, and invites suggestions for current public issues needing scientific review and ways to utilize member skills, including reviewing presentation videos.

Correction: Eldon Byrd

A correction is issued regarding Eldon Byrd, stating that he is not, never was, and is not likely to ever be a parapsychologist, contrary to a previous statement in the magazine.

Randi Legal Fund Update

An update is provided on the James Randi Legal Fund, with new contribution details. The fund is still needed to assist Randi in covering legal costs incurred from suits brought by Uri Geller and others.

The Evolution of Science in Dinosaur Epics: Is Jurassic Park Any Different?

Randall Lockwood's article analyzes the assertion that "Jurassic Park" is fundamentally different from previous dinosaur films due to its scientific plausibility and serious theme. Lockwood argues that while the film is a masterful blend of "hard science" and fiction, it presents a simplified characterization of fringe science. He categorizes dinosaur films into four basic premises: "lost worlds," reanimation from suspended animation (often by cold or atomic blasts), prehistoric planets, and the "people and dinosaurs never coexisted" trope. Lockwood notes that the "lost world" explanation has been popular since the 1925 film "The Lost World." He contrasts the ethical handling of science in "Jurassic Park," which he deems simplistic, with that of "Godzilla" (1956), which served as a powerful symbol of nuclear devastation and the forces of nature unleashed. The article highlights Serizawa's sacrifice in "Godzilla" as a more profound reflection on ethics and science than "Jurassic Park's" platitudes.

A Dinosaur Filmography

Compiled by Randall Lockwood, this extensive filmography lists numerous dinosaur films from 1914 to 1993. It provides brief descriptions, notes on scientific authenticity, and availability on videocassette for each entry. Notable films include "Gertie the Dinosaur," "The Lost World" (1925 and 1960), "King Kong," "Fantasia," "One Million Years B.C.," "Godzilla, King of the Monsters," "Twenty Million Miles to Earth," "Carnosaur," and "Jurassic Park." The filmography serves as a historical overview of how dinosaurs have been depicted in cinema.

Creationist Missteps - The Paluxy River Footprints

Mike Epstein examines the creationist claim that humans and dinosaurs co-existed, focusing on the alleged human and dinosaur footprints found in the Paluxy River, Glen Rose, Texas. He traces this claim back to Clifford L. Burdick's 1950 article and its inclusion in "The Genesis Flood" (1961). The article explains the creationist belief that the Earth is only a few thousand years old and that biblical accounts of "leviathans" and "behemoths" refer to dinosaurs. It notes that Roland T. Bird, a paleontologist, initially dismissed the large human footprints as carvings, and that locals also created fake tracks. Despite the evidence of forgery, the article states that these tracks were held as proof against evolutionary theory. It mentions that a 1975 investigation by Berney Neufeld in "Origins" began to expose the fabricated nature of these footprints.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Skeptical Eye consistently adopts a critical and evidence-based approach to popular culture and pseudoscientific claims. The recurring themes include the examination of scientific accuracy in fiction, the ethical responsibilities of scientists and technology, and the debunking of creationist assertions. The magazine's stance is to encourage critical thinking and scientific literacy, challenging claims that lack empirical support while acknowledging the cultural appeal of subjects like dinosaurs. The editorial team actively solicits reader input and aims to provide informative content that addresses contemporary issues from a skeptical perspective.

Title: Skeptical Eye
Issue: Vol. 7, No. 2
Date: 1993

This issue of Skeptical Eye critically examines various phenomena and claims, including the creationism versus evolution debate, UFO sightings, cattle mutilations, cold fusion, and the phenomenon of Qi Gong. It features articles that debunk pseudoscientific claims, analyze media coverage of controversial topics, and advocate for a skeptical approach to extraordinary events.

Debunking Creationist Claims: The Paluxy River Footprints

The article "A depression in the stone..." addresses the controversial Paluxy River footprints, which have been presented by some as evidence of humans and dinosaurs coexisting. It details how scientific investigations, including the examination of tracks and biomechanics, have led to the withdrawal of claims supporting this coexistence. The work of scientists like Feder (1990) is cited, revealing that the alleged human tracks are actually weathered tracks of small bipedal dinosaurs. The article also discusses the role of creationist organizations like the Institute for Creation Research (ICR) and individuals like Dr. Carl Baugh, whose claims are met with skepticism from other creationists due to a lack of scientific credentials.

UFOs and Government Secrecy

The "UFO NEWS" section covers two significant events: the 27th Annual International Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) Symposium and the Operation Right to Know protest. The MUFON Symposium in Richmond, Virginia, featured discussions on alien abductions and alleged government deception, with Harvard psychiatrist Dr. John E. Mack sharing insights into the abduction phenomenon. Walter Andrus Jr., director of MUFON, expressed concerns about aliens abducting people for experiments, possibly due to a dying race needing to reproduce. UFO skeptic Philip Klass faced criticism at the symposium for his disbelief. The Operation Right to Know protest in Washington D.C. called for President Clinton to release 20,000 pages of UFO-related documents, asserting that the government has long known about extraterrestrial craft.

Cattle Mutilations and Mass Hysteria

The article "Cattle Mutilations" investigates an outbreak in Fyffe, Alabama, where cattle were reportedly killed and surgically carved up. While local police reports noted missing body parts, state agriculture officials attributed the deaths to natural causes and predator attacks, explaining that decomposition can create the appearance of clean cuts. The article draws parallels to a similar outbreak in Nebraska and South Dakota in 1974, which was also linked to UFO sightings but later recognized as a case of mild mass hysteria.

Flying Saucers Over the Arctic

"Flying Saucers Over the Arctic" reports on UFO sightings near a nuclear power plant in Bilibino, Russia, where one craft reportedly crashed. The crashed object was identified as an official NCAS UFO. The article also touches on the cultural impact of "frisbees" in the region and a humorous anecdote about a contest for dogs.

Book Review: Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion

Steve Shore reviews Gary Taubes' book "Bad Science," which chronicles the cold fusion episode. The review highlights the book's detailed account of how public awareness of cold fusion claims grew, emphasizing it as an example of "how not to do science." It discusses the role of the science press in promoting and exploiting the affair, as well as the involvement of government funding agencies and the theoretical arguments that ensued. The review praises the book's journalistic style and comprehensive documentation, recommending it as a valuable reference for understanding the development of scientific and paranormal claims.

Science Outreach and Skepticism

"Science Outreach" describes a program at the University of Maryland aimed at introducing middle school girls to physics, with the goal of encouraging more women in STEM fields. The article notes that the program's organizers have not tracked past participants to assess its long-term success.

"A Skeptic's Response...Hands-Off Healing at NIH" addresses a news story about a Qi Gong demonstration at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The article debunks the claim of psychokinetic power, explaining that the rock breaking was an illusion. It also discusses how skeptics can respond to media coverage of paranormal claims by writing letters to editors and producers, emphasizing the importance of presenting a skeptical counterpoint.

Other Articles and Features

"Sightings" Cited" provides statistics on the types of calls received by the Fox network's show "Sightings," including UFO sightings, ghost hauntings, and alien abductions. The article notes the show's potential cancellation from the network's fall schedule.

"Edgar Cayce Update" mentions a planned television segment on the psychic Edgar Cayce, highlighting his predictions and the filming location at the Association for Research and Enlightenment.

"I ♥ My...This translates to 'I Heart My Dog's Head.'" by Penn Jillette examines an alleged secret anti-Semitic message found in a computer font, which Jillette dismisses as a misinterpretation based on "dumb-as-a-post" reporting and flawed statistical analysis.

"Remote Viewing Do You Hear What I Hear?" discusses the "Taos hum," a mysterious low-frequency sound reported by residents of Taos, New Mexico. The article explores potential sources, including military activity, and notes that the phenomenon has been reported in other locations as well.

"Elvis Still Dead, Tabloid Acknowledges" points out the surprising shift in the Weekly World News' editorial policy, which finally acknowledged Elvis Presley's death after years of reporting him as alive.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The Skeptical Eye consistently promotes a critical and evidence-based approach to claims of the paranormal, pseudoscientific theories, and media sensationalism. Recurring themes include the importance of scientific methodology, the debunking of hoaxes and delusions, and the analysis of how media outlets report on controversial subjects. The magazine's stance is clearly skeptical, encouraging readers to question extraordinary claims and to rely on verifiable evidence rather than anecdotal accounts or unsubstantiated beliefs. The issue also highlights the ongoing debate between creationism and evolution, the persistent interest in UFOs, and the critical examination of various fringe phenomena.

Title: Skeptical Eye
Issue: Vol. 7, No. 2
Date: 1993
Publisher: NCAS (National Capital Area Skeptics)
Content Focus: Skepticism, critical thinking, media analysis, and the promotion of scientific inquiry.

An Open Letter from James Randi

James Randi, a renowned investigator of paranormal claims, expresses his deep concern over recent media attention given to a 'Qi Gong' demonstration at the NIH (National Institutes of Health). He describes the event, which involved two Chinese conjurors breaking stones and allegedly treating musculoskeletal complaints by passing their hands near people, as an "Asian version of the old-fashioned Medicine Show." Randi argues that while the NIH's interest in "alternative healing" techniques is public knowledge, the press coverage has created a distorted perception, leading the public to believe that pseudoscience like homeopathy and iridology have gained NIH endorsement.

Randi recounts his own experience in March and April of 1988, where he visited Beijing, Xian, and Shanghai at the invitation of the Chinese government to examine Qi Gong claims. In every case, he demonstrated that the claims were based on "outright trickery, wishful thinking, simple suggestion, hyperbole or failure to properly observe." He likens the NIH demonstration to carnival performers doing "stunts" that have been part of side-shows for centuries.

He specifically addresses the remarks of Dr. Roscoe O. Brady, a "world-famous research physician," who was quoted as questioning how the conjurors concentrated forces. Randi asserts that Dr. Brady's conjecture about "electrophysiological energy" was premature, as the stone breaking was achieved by simple trickery. Randi fears that such comments, even if conservative, will be taken out of context by the credulous press as an endorsement.

Randi concludes that the performance at NIH was an "absurdity" that fuels belief in pseudoscience and quackery, comparing it to the illusions of magicians like David Copperfield, who at least admits to being a showman. He and his colleagues are alarmed by this "assault on rationality and science" and advocate for an "intelligent presentation of ideas, with careful attention to the opinions of experienced investigators," rather than a "bread and circus" approach.

Global Skeptic E-Mail Discussion Group Rescued by NCAS Member

This article by Gary Stone details the revival of the SKEPTIC List, a global e-mail discussion group for skeptics. The list, previously managed by Norman R. Gall at York University in Toronto, inexplicably died in mid-July. Taner Edis, a graduate student in physics at Johns Hopkins University and an NCAS member, successfully reconstructed the list on a LISTSERV system at Johns Hopkins, becoming its owner/operator.

The new SKEPTIC List has approximately 250 participants who generate over 100 messages per week. The article provides instructions on how to join the list by sending an email to [email protected] with commands like 'review skeptic', 'index skeptic', and 'get refcard' for initial information. To subscribe, users should send 'subscribe skeptic your-first-name last-name' to the same address. To send messages to the list, emails should be addressed to [email protected].

Recent topics discussed on the list include False Memory Syndrome, the 1993 Euroskeptics Conference, alien abduction, Uri Geller, crop circles, Facilitated Communication in Autism, Fermat's Last Theorem, ganzfield experiments, iridology, tip-offs to TV/radio programs for skeptics, The Napolitano case, TM in D.C., messages from James Randi's 'Geller-Hotline', Robert Jahn's PEAR Lab, chiropractic, homeopathy, the Mars face, and the Mars effect.

E-Mail Access to the INTERNET Cheap

This section offers advice on obtaining affordable internet access for e-mail. It highlights MCI MAIL as a cost-effective option for high-volume internet e-mail at $35 per year, with no per-minute charges for sending or receiving. Information is provided on how to contact MCI MAIL for details.

Electronic Directory

The issue includes an electronic directory listing key NCAS personnel, including Joe Himes (president), Mike Epstein (v.p./print archives), Gary Stone (secretary/AV archives), Grace Denman (treasurer), and other board members. Contact information, primarily Compuserve addresses, is provided for each.

In Search of:

NCAS is seeking suggestions for suitable locations for future events. They require rooms that can accommodate 75-500 people, with considerations for metro accessibility, parking, audiovisual equipment, and weekend availability.

Keep Your Eye Open

This section encourages readers to submit articles, letters, and original artwork for future publication in the Skeptical Eye. Contributions should be short (500-1000 words), typed, and ideally submitted on a floppy disk along with hard copy. Submission details are provided.

Time to Renew? Time to Join?

A form is included for readers to renew their membership in NCAS or to join as a new member. Membership options include Single ($20), Double ($30), and Full-time student ($10), with instructions to make checks payable to NCAS and mail to their Silver Spring, MD address.

The Last Word

By Elena M. Watson, the new editor of the Skeptical Eye, reflects on her unexpected rise to the position. She acknowledges her limited editing experience compared to her predecessor, Lys Ann Shore, but emphasizes her qualification of having "too much time on my hands" as a housewife. Watson expresses her intention to maintain the newsletter's quality, with continued design support from Chip Denman. She notes that Lys Ann Shore will continue as the "Remote Viewing" columnist. Watson also indicates a potential shift in focus, mentioning a "Jurassic Park focus" and a future desire to include more cinematic information in a serialized movie guide for skeptics. She invites all NCAS members to submit articles, suggestions, or feedback.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the promotion of skepticism and critical thinking, particularly in response to perceived pseudoscience and media sensationalism. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific rationality and evidence-based reasoning, as exemplified by James Randi's critique of 'Qi Gong' and the general purpose of the NCAS organization. The issue also highlights the growing importance of electronic communication for skeptical communities, as evidenced by the detailed instructions on joining and using the SKEPTIC e-mail list. The NCAS itself is presented as an active organization seeking member participation and support through renewals and contributions.