Skeptic - 1994 - Vol 8 No 5

Magazine Overview

Title: The Skeptic
Issue: Volume 8, Number 5
Date: 1994 (inferred from copyright and content)
Publisher: The Skeptic
Country: UK
Price: £1.85

This issue of The Skeptic magazine, published bimonthly from Manchester, UK, offers a critical examination of various pseudoscientific claims, paranormal phenomena, and societal trends. The cover features the headline "Can the hands heal?" and highlights articles on pseudoscientific archaeology, comets and the end of the world, life after death, and the Mary Celeste mystery.

Articles and Features

Hilary Evans' Paranormal Picture Gallery: Mary & Marie: two interesting materialisations

This section, contributed by Hilary Evans, co-proprietor of the Mary Evans Picture Library, details two cases of alleged materialisation. The first part, not fully provided, likely covered the spirit visitor Katie. Part Two focuses on 'Marie', the spirit of a 12-year-old girl who reportedly materialized during séances conducted by Florence Cook. Notably, Marie was seen wearing a corset underneath her traditional white robes, a detail considered particularly unusual for a child spirit. The account describes an incident where investigators, including an engineer named John Fell, caught hold of the materializing adolescent and pulled aside the cabinet curtain, revealing that the medium, Florence, was not entranced but was instead held by the investigators, with only her clothes present.

Hits and Misses by Steve Donnelly

Steve Donnelly, a physicist and reader in electronics and electrical engineering, presents several short, critical observations:

• Booby buggies: An enterprising psychologist in New York has launched 'Mobile Psychological Services', using four Chevrolet vans equipped as mobile therapy rooms to offer psychotherapy sessions during commutes, charging $175 per hour.
• Pentium penance: A Canadian lecturer has designed the 'Automatic Confessional Machine' (ACM), a computerised kiosk that offers confession and penance via a keyboard and screen, accepting payment via American Express and Visa. This is contrasted with the traditional confessional booth.
• Fashion tips: An article in 'The Face' magazine identified a trend among some young people involving amputation of non-utilitarian body parts, such as earlobes and little toes, as a fashion statement. This trend is linked to the 'Modern Primitive' movement, which seeks spiritual enlightenment through pain and body modification, a practice that has historical parallels in various cultures.
• Acid test: This section begins to discuss conventional and alternative medicines but is cut off, with the text indicating a recommendation to consult a book.

Fantastic Archaeology by Howard Wellman

Howard Wellman, who holds an MA in Archaeology from Boston University, critically examines the field of 'fantastic archaeology' and the nature of evidence. He argues that proper archaeological reasoning requires knowledge of scientific methods, including inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis testing. Occam's Razor is presented as a tool for evaluating claims. Wellman emphasizes the importance of 'context' in archaeology, explaining that artifacts are meaningless without their stratigraphic and horizontal associations. He uses the example of Mystery Hill in New Hampshire, where 'pseudo-archaeologists' claim it's a Bronze Age Druidic site, while controlled excavations reveal Colonial American artifacts, suggesting it was a root cellar or similar structure from that later period. The controversy over the Sphinx's age, based on weathering patterns, is also discussed as an example of ignoring contradictory archaeological and documentary evidence. Wellman critiques the misuse of analogy, citing the example of pyramids built by Egyptians and Maya, which pseudo-archaeologists use to infer contact despite vast differences in chronology, function, and context. He also explains the complexities and potential pitfalls of radiocarbon dating and stratigraphy, warning against simplistic interpretations. The article references Kenneth Feder's 'Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries' and Stephen Williams' 'Fantastic Archaeology' as key resources for understanding the distinction between scientific archaeology and pseudoscience.

What is There to Celebrate? by Tom Ruffles

Tom Ruffles, conducting PhD research at the University of East Anglia, explores the difficulties atheists face during the Christmas season. He notes that while some atheists, like Bernard Shaw, might ignore Christmas entirely, the pervasive commercial hype makes it difficult for most to do so. Ruffles discusses the societal perception of atheists as immoral and the argument that religious belief is essential for moral development, which he refutes. He argues that morality is about 'right living' and ethical behavior, which can be achieved by atheists as well as religious individuals. The article touches upon the 'liberal atheist' approach, which acknowledges the pagan origins of Christmas and takes a relaxed view, and the 'orthodox atheist' approach, which strictly adheres to non-celebration. Ruffles concludes that atheists often feel isolated, particularly in December, and that the current state of Christmas seems to 'last forever'.

Don't Point That Comet at Me! by David Bradbury

David Bradbury, a PhD candidate at the Open University, debunks 'millennarian madness' and pseudoscientific predictions, particularly those related to comets and the end of the world. He discusses advertisements from 'Sister Marie Gabriel' (also known as 'Astronomer Sofia Richmond') that predicted dire consequences from comets, including the impact of Shoemaker-Levy on Jupiter. Richmond claimed the comet would cause a fireball to destroy Earth and that it was Halley's comet. While she predicted a 'new leader in Britain' in July 1994 (Tony Blair), Bradbury dismisses her claims as 'barnum statements'. He provides factual information about the Shoemaker-Levy comet, explaining that its fragments hit Jupiter due to tidal forces and posed no threat to Earth. The article also touches upon the general phenomenon of 'millennium jitters' and how religious fundamentalism offers simplistic solutions in times of uncertainty. Bradbury mentions the idea of 'rapture' within Christian theology and notes that the concept of 'end times' has been used for centuries. He also humorously points out potential 'Satanic influences' like bar codes and Manchester United's logo. The article concludes by mentioning that an Observer journalist had investigated Sofia Richmond's claims.

Other Content

• Contents Page: Lists articles, editors, and contributors. The issue includes "Hits and Misses," "Fantastic Archaeology," "Don't Point That Comet at Me!," "The Ultimate Question," "The Mary Celeste Revisited," "Can the Hands Heal?," "Spam-Can Totality," "Skeptic at Large," "Reviews," and "Letters."
• Skeptical Contacts: Provides contact information for UK Skeptics, London Student Skeptics, and Wessex Skeptics, along with details for The Skeptic on the Internet.
• Contributors: A thank-you list to clipping contributors is included.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The overarching theme of this issue is the critical examination of claims that lack scientific evidence or rational basis. The magazine consistently promotes skepticism, scientific reasoning, and a critical approach to paranormal phenomena, pseudoscience, and unfounded beliefs. The editorial stance is clearly against the uncritical acceptance of extraordinary claims, whether in archaeology, spirituality, or predictions about the future. The publication aims to inform readers about the methods and importance of critical thinking and evidence-based evaluation.

Title: The Skeptic
Issue: Volume 8, Number 5
Date: Not explicitly stated, but context suggests 1994.
Publisher: The Skeptic
Country: UK
Language: English

This issue of The Skeptic delves into several thought-provoking topics, primarily from a skeptical perspective, examining claims related to consciousness, unexplained phenomena, and alternative therapies.

The Ultimate Question: The problems of survival after death

Antony Flew, in his article 'The Ultimate Question', confronts John Clarke's assertion that 'The ultimate question: are we corporeal or ethereal?'. Flew challenges the idea that posthumous survival of bodily parts is of personal interest, and critiques the implication that ceasing to be conscious means ceasing to exist. He argues that consciousness is a characteristic, not a being in itself, and that people are members of a type of being that is typically conscious. Flew then discusses Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) and Out-of-Body Experiences (OBEs), stating that they only constitute evidence for the paranormal if they provide information unobtainable by normal means, suggesting Extra-Sensory Perception (ESP). He dismisses the idea that dreaming of observing one's body from outside proves ethereal existence, emphasizing the principle of postulational economy.

The Mary Celeste Revisited

Alan Hunt revisits the enduring mystery of the Mary Celeste, challenging the notion that the entire story is fiction, as suggested by Brian Haines. Hunt acknowledges that while the ship 'Marie Celeste' might not have existed, the 'Mary Celeste' remains a mystery. He discusses the anonymous 1884 Cornhill Magazine story, later attributed to Conan Doyle, and its plot involving a sole survivor. Hunt questions why a ship in good condition would be abandoned. He details the ship's size, its departure from New York in 1872 with a cargo of alcohol, and its discovery by the De Gratia. The salvage claim in Gibraltar, presided over by Solly Flood, suspected insurance fraud. Hunt outlines three plausible solutions: a criminal conspiracy for insurance swindle, a mutiny, or a panic-induced abandonment. He leans towards the idea of deliberate wrecking for insurance fraud in 1884, noting that Flood, a knowledgeable figure, likely suspected this. The evidence suggests a hasty abandonment, with navigational instruments missing but personal possessions left behind. Two theories for the desertion are explored: fear of an alcohol explosion due to volatile cargo and the ship becoming 'becalmed' and endangered by currents. Hunt also mentions earlier 'urban myths' of abandoned ships, like 'The Rosalie', suggesting the Mary Celeste story might be an embellished version of older tales, with Lawrence Kusche finding no record of 'The Rosalie'.

Can the Hands Heal?

Michael Stanwick critically examines the practice of Therapeutic Touch (TT), a healing method that does not involve physical contact. He outlines the phases of TT: Centreing, Assessment, Clearing, and Intervention/Balancing. Stanwick notes that TT was developed by Dolores Krieger, based on Martha Rogers' 'theory of unitary man'. He highlights the work of Jean Sayre-Adams, who promotes TT in the UK through the Didsbury Trust. Stanwick questions the claims made by Sayre-Adams, particularly her assertion that modern physics supports a holistic view and that TT is taught in nursing schools. He challenges the lack of peer-reviewed scientific evidence for 'energy field interaction' and critiques studies cited by Sayre-Adams, arguing they involve physical touch or are methodologically flawed. Stanwick also questions the validity of claims about studies by Janet F Quinn. Sayre-Adams' response is characterized as ad hominem, asserting the extensive evidence for TT and dismissing The Skeptical Inquirer as a reputable source. Stanwick reiterates the need for empirical validation and questions the promotion of TT in educational institutions, citing concerns about questionable benefits and potential delays in proven therapies.

Skeptic at Large: Allergic reactions

Wendy M. Grossman discusses the phenomenon of allergies, contrasting two groups: those who isolate themselves rigorously from the modern environment (Texas group) and those with 'acquired allergies' linked to electromagnetic fields (Budden's book). Grossman notes the similarity in symptoms and the skepticism of medical experts who suggest psychiatric problems ('toxophobia') rather than medical ones. She recounts personal experiences with severe allergies and the past dismissal of allergies as fanciful ailments. Grossman points out that while the Texas group traces sensitivities to chemicals, Budden's group links them to electromagnetic fields. She questions why 'born allergics' don't exhibit the same symptoms as those with 'acquired allergies' and criticizes the writing quality of Budden's book. She also notes that Budden interprets common occurrences like quitting smoking or hypergraphia as evidence of electric hypersensitivity. The article mentions that Budden's work is based on fourteen years of investigating case studies and that an extended version of his book is planned.

Spam-Can Totality

Trygve Lode presents a satirical and pseudoscientific argument for the 'Spam-Can Totality' as the true nature of reality. He offers several 'proofs' based on wordplay, numerology, and coincidences, linking the word 'Spam' to atomic structure, mathematical constants (like pi and the fine structure constant), historical figures (Lincoln and Kennedy), and even the microwave background radiation. Lode humorously suggests that the universe is a giant can of Spam, and that black holes are a hoax, replaced by 'pink holes'. The article concludes with a humorous reference to the Church of the SubGenius.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of The Skeptic consistently adopts a critical and evidence-based approach to claims that lack scientific validation. The magazine challenges assertions about the afterlife, paranormal phenomena, and alternative medicine, demanding empirical evidence and rigorous scientific methodology. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical, aiming to debunk pseudoscience and promote rational inquiry. The articles collectively highlight the importance of critical thinking and the scientific method in understanding the world, particularly when faced with extraordinary claims.

Title: The Skeptic
Issue: Volume 8, Number 5
Date: 1994
Character: A critical review journal focusing on pseudoscience, paranormal claims, and skeptical inquiry.

Reviews

Bad Science and sloppy research

This section reviews Richard Milton's book, "Forbidden Science: Suppressed Research That Could Change Our Lives." The reviewer, Jim Lippard, argues that while Milton raises valid points about scientific authority and big money in science, the book suffers from an almost total reliance on secondary sources and a one-sided perspective. Milton is criticized for dismissing organizations like CSICOP and for confusing the 'Mars Effect' affair. Lippard suggests the book should be read critically and with a willingness for further research.

Harvard abductions

John E. Mack's "Abduction: Human Encounters With Aliens" is reviewed by Mike Rutter. Rutter expresses skepticism about Mack's belief in alien abductions, noting that Mack, a Harvard professor, has worked with individuals who describe traumatic experiences. The reviewer points out Mack's reliance on unsupported anecdote and his discussion of UFO sightings without acknowledging debunked cases or doubts about others. Rutter also highlights Mack's commitment to a shamanistic worldview and his lack of engagement with skeptical viewpoints.

The eyes have it

Les Francis reviews J.H. Brown's "Spectropia, or Surprising Spectral Illusions." The book, originally published in 1864, explains optical effects like persistence of vision and how they can create ghostly images. Francis praises the book as a "super book" that is "curious and pleasant," recommending it as an antidote to excessive good cheer. The review notes Brown's clear stance against spiritualism, attributing reported phenomena to optical artifacts.

Sloppy media

Nick Neave reviews Linda Williamson's "Mediums and the Afterlife." Neave finds the book to be religious in nature and a personal account of Williamson's beliefs as a practicing medium. He notes that the book does not present a balanced view of spiritualism and mediumship, instead focusing on contemporary mediums and their alleged successes. Neave criticizes the book for its "sloppy and uncritical" evidence for life after death and points out factual errors, such as misreferencing CSICOP.

Modern ghosts

Toby O'Neil reviews "The Virago Book of Ghost Stories, Volume 2," edited by Richard Dalby. O'Neil notes that the collection features tales by twenty-seven different female writers and that modern ghost stories differ from traditional ones. He highlights E. Nesbitt's "No. 17" as a successful example that subverts expectations. The review suggests the book is a good gift and that ghosts in modern stories are often optional extras.

Inversion creates incontinence

Michael Stanwick reviews Lee Tiffin's "Creationism's Upside-Down Pyramid: How Science Refutes Fundamentalism." Stanwick explains that the book critiques creationist arguments, particularly concerning the Genesis flood. Tiffin examines creationist tenets, analyzes their claims in light of mainstream science, and discusses the fundamentalist agenda in education and politics. Stanwick finds that Tiffin succeeds in countering the influence of religious zealots and stimulating appreciation for science, though he notes that A.N. Strahler's "Science and Earth History" is a more comprehensive buy.

Witchcraft from A to Z

Nick Neave reviews Doreen Valiente's "An ABC of Witchcraft." Neave praises the book as a scholarly and in-depth overview of witchcraft and the Wicca religion, ranging from ancient Greece to modern times. He notes that the book dispels many prejudices, including mistranslations of biblical references. Neave recommends the book for those seeking a historical and sociological description of an ancient religion, rather than sensationalized content.

Without confirmation?

Paul Johnson reviews "Without Consent" by Carl Nagaitis & Philip Mantle. Johnson finds the book unconvincing, stating that it presents a survey of missing-time and abduction phenomena in the UK but lacks corroboration. He points out discrepancies in reported details, such as road descriptions and planetary positions, and criticizes the authors for not checking other sources or attempting to find independent witnesses.

Thank your lucky stars

Dr. Nick van Terheyden reviews Rosemary J. Peel's "Astrology and Heredity, The Thread of Life." The reviewer notes that Peel, a housewife, developed an interest in astrology and believes in the hereditary nature of star signs. The book outlines the general nature of astrological signs and their interpretation, focusing on how family charts can reveal linkages. Van Terheyden finds the evidence presented unconvincing as it is based on a single family's data.

Spooked

Caroline Richmond reviews Jenny Uglow's edited collection, "The Chatto Book of Ghost Stories." Richmond notes that the book contains hundreds of excerpts from various writers and covers a wide range of material, from ancient folklore to modern literature. She highlights the section on "Is there anybody there?" where thinkers tackle the question of why people believe in ghosts. Richmond finds the book to be a perfect gift and praises Uglow's lucid writing.

Letters

'Chi' can be useful

Andrew Brice writes about the concept of 'chi' or 'ki' in martial arts, suggesting that imagining its flow can help practitioners maintain posture and intimidate opponents. He posits that this is due to the link between imagery and movement, and that the concept may be a way to facilitate skilled movement without necessarily believing in its literal existence.

Under the umbrella

Susan Blackmore, writing from Bristol, shares her experience practicing Karate and states she saw no evidence of 'chi' or 'ki'. She suggests that some people exploit 'the Martial Arts' as a cover for violent tendencies.

Rights and duties

DM Sherwood from Port Talbot discusses the concept of rights and duties, defining a right as existing when another person has a duty to act or not act. He argues that rights should not be claimed merely by asserting them loudly and references works by Ronald Dworkin.

Normal IQ

J.W. Nienhuys from Eindhoven, The Netherlands, challenges the notion that IQ should be normally distributed. He cites scientific papers and statistical distributions that deviate from normality, arguing that assuming mental agility is determined by numerous independent random variables is unfounded.

Subscribe to The Skeptic

This section provides subscription rates for The Skeptic magazine, including options for UK, Europe, and Rest of World. It also lists available back issues for Volumes 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, detailing the articles within each issue.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of The Skeptic revolve around the critical examination of pseudoscience, paranormal claims, and unverified phenomena. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical, as evidenced by the reviews of books that challenge claims of alien abductions, creationism, spiritualism, and astrology. The magazine actively promotes critical thinking, scientific methodology, and the importance of evidence-based reasoning. There is a consistent effort to debunk hoaxes, expose flawed research, and encourage readers to question extraordinary claims. The letters section further reflects this by featuring discussions on topics like 'chi', IQ distribution, and the nature of rights, all approached from a rationalist perspective.