Skeptic - 1991 - Vol 5 No 4

Magazine Overview

Title: The Skeptic
Issue: Volume 5, Number 4
Date: July/August 1991
Publisher: The Skeptic (UK)
Price: £1.85

This issue of The Skeptic magazine, a publication focused on critical examination of pseudoscientific claims and paranormal phenomena, features a prominent cover story and interview with James Randi, controversially labeled a 'Charlatan.' The magazine also includes articles on the 'Medjugorje Virgin,' reasons to avoid testing psychics, and a historical perspective on '100 years of free thinking.'

Contents and Key Articles

Cover Story: James Randi: Charlatan

The cover prominently features James Randi, a well-known skeptic and magician, with the bold declaration 'Charlatan.' This suggests a critical or perhaps controversial take on Randi within this issue, likely related to his debunking efforts or public persona.

Also in this issue:

• The Medjugorje Virgin: This article likely explores the claims and phenomena associated with the reported apparitions in Medjugorje, likely from a skeptical viewpoint.
• Why Not to Test a Psychic-Part Two: Continuing a previous discussion, this article delves deeper into the reasons and methodologies (or lack thereof) for testing psychic abilities, likely highlighting the pitfalls and absurdities involved.
• 100 years of free thinking: This historical piece commemorates a century of freethought, tracing its origins, challenges, and evolution.

Other Featured Articles:

• Hits and Misses by Steve Donnelly: This section appears to be a collection of brief observations or news items, touching upon astrology, a predicted asteroid impact, and the concept of alien abduction insurance.
• The Houdini File by Frank Koval: This article delves into the life and work of Harry Houdini, possibly examining a specific aspect or correspondence related to his career.
• The Inside-Out Cosmos by Bill Penny: This piece explores the fringe theory of a hollow Earth with an interior surface, discussing its historical proponents and scientific implausibility.
• Dualism, ESP and Belief by Carol Sherrard: This article likely examines the philosophical and scientific underpinnings of dualism and its relation to extrasensory perception (ESP) and belief systems.
• Psychic Diary by Toby Howard: This section might present anecdotal accounts or observations related to psychic phenomena, possibly with a critical commentary.
• Skeptic at Large by Wendy Grossman: This column likely offers broader commentary on skeptical issues or current events from a skeptical perspective.

Editorial and Staff Information:

The magazine is edited by Dr Steve Donnelly and Toby Howard, with Dr Dave Love serving as Associate Editor. The publication is based in Manchester, UK, and is published bimonthly. The editorial states that opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the editors.

Other Sections:

The issue also includes sections for Reviews and Letters, indicating reader engagement and critical assessment of various topics.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of The Skeptic strongly emphasizes skepticism towards paranormal claims, pseudoscientific theories, and unsubstantiated beliefs. Recurring themes include the critique of astrology, the scientific assessment of alleged psychic abilities, and the historical context of freethought movements challenging religious and superstitious ideas. The magazine appears to advocate for evidence-based reasoning, critical thinking, and a rigorous scientific approach to understanding the world, as evidenced by its critical examination of topics like cold fusion, the 'inside-out cosmos' theory, and the claims surrounding the Medjugorje apparitions. The editorial stance is clearly aligned with promoting rationalism and debunking what it considers to be unfounded or misleading claims, even when targeting prominent figures in the skeptical community, as suggested by the cover's portrayal of James Randi.

This issue of The Freethinker, dated July/August 1991, is a secular humanist monthly founded in 1881. It covers a range of topics including human rights, skepticism, and paranormal phenomena.

Family Planning as a Human Right

The cover story highlights a United Nations report declaring family planning as a human right. The report notes the effectiveness of well-managed family planning programs and suggests that the percentage of Catholic couples using modern contraception in the US is similar to non-Catholics. The article contrasts this with the perceived opposition from religious groups who fear that easier access to contraception might lead to increased sexual activity without fear of unwanted pregnancy.

James Randi: A Chat with a Charming Charlatan

This extensive interview with James Randi, a renowned psychic investigator and former magician, delves into his life and work. Randi discusses his childhood influences, his transition from performing magic to investigating paranormal claims, and the impact of a significant grant from the MacArthur Foundation. He explains his approach to challenging individuals who claim paranormal abilities, emphasizing the use of the scientific method. Randi shares his views on the dangers of religious charlatans and the exploitation of people's beliefs, particularly in the context of faith healing. He clarifies that his criticism is directed at the unscrupulous exploitation of beliefs, not at people's personal beliefs themselves. Randi also touches upon his personal philosophy, defining himself as an atheist and expressing a preference for a culture that doesn't rely on the supernatural for solace. He reflects on the possibility of demonstrating paranormal abilities and the $10,000 prize he offers for such proof. The article also mentions Randi's involvement in legal proceedings related to Uri Geller and the establishment of a defense fund for him.

Skeptical Fission and Internal Debates

Wendy M. Grossman's article, "Skeptic at Large," discusses the fragmentation within the skeptical movement, noting the emergence of different factions like "dry skeptics" and "wet skeptics." She highlights a dispute between the Australian Skeptics and the Phoenix Skeptics over reporting accuracy concerning a creation/evolution debate. Grossman emphasizes the core principle of skepticism as inquiry and commitment to truth, advocating for tolerance of diverse viewpoints within the movement. She also touches upon James Randi's resignation from CSICOP.

Dualism, ESP, and Belief

Carol Sherrard's article explores the connections between dualistic beliefs (mind and brain are separate) and belief in Extrasensory Perception (ESP). A study by K.E. Stanovich found that while religiosity was not strongly correlated with ESP belief, dualistic beliefs were. Interestingly, those with fundamentalist or conservative religious beliefs were less likely to believe in non-religious paranormal phenomena, while non-religious individuals with dualistic beliefs were more likely to believe in ESP. The article suggests that this may be a projection of beliefs about one's own powers, linking it to concepts of animism and magic observed in children.

Psychic Diary: The Mundanity of the Paranormal

Toby Howard's "Psychic Diary" laments the perceived decline in the spectacular nature of paranormal phenomena. He contrasts the "noisy heyday" of spiritualism, with its rappings and spirit photographs, to the more mundane presentations of modern mediums. Howard argues that while the 'New Age' movement has stripped away some of the more outlandish elements, it still harbors a significant amount of "rubbish, delusion, stupidity and ignorance." He stresses the ongoing importance of skepticism and the demand for proof.

More Light on Medjugorje

Hilary Evans critically examines the Medjugorje visions, questioning their authenticity. The article references works by Frère Michel de la Sainte Trinité and Ivo Sivric, which present evidence against the claims and explore the political and theological motivations behind the apparitions. Evans notes that while Frère Michel, a devout Catholic, rules out deliberate imposture and psychological aberration, he attributes the phenomena to Satan. Evans suggests that Frère Michel dismisses the psychological alternative too easily, acknowledging that hallucinations can occur in individuals who are not conventionally sick. The article also points out the economic incentives for the local authorities to support the visions, given Medjugorje's contribution to tourism revenue.

3rd Annual Euro-Skeptics Conference

An announcement for the 3rd Annual Euro-Skeptics Conference in Amsterdam on October 4-5, 1991, organized by Skepsis. It lists several speakers and topics, including "Placebo practitioners," "Testing dowsing claims," and "A critical look at neo-astrology."

James Randi Defence Fund

A notice appealing for donations to James Randi's legal defense fund in connection with Uri Geller.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The Freethinker consistently promotes a skeptical and humanist perspective, challenging religious dogma, pseudoscience, and the exploitation of belief. The magazine advocates for critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and freedom of expression. It appears to be a platform for reasoned debate and the exposure of irrationalism, while also engaging with broader social and human rights issues. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of secularism and rationalism, actively questioning claims of the paranormal and supernatural.

Title: The Skeptic
Issue: July/August 1991
Character: A publication dedicated to skeptical inquiry into paranormal claims, pseudoscientific theories, and the philosophy of science. This issue features reviews of several books.

Book Reviews

Boundaries of knowledge: Isaac Asimov, Frontiers

This review of Isaac Asimov's 'Frontiers' highlights its ambitious scope, covering topics from prehistory to the universe and from sub-atomic particles to the cosmos. The reviewer notes Asimov's engaging and readable style, which makes complex subjects accessible to non-scientists. However, the reviewer expresses disappointment at the lack of coverage on computers and robots, which are central to Asimov's science fiction. The book's subtitle, 'New discoveries about man and his planet, outer space and the universe,' is criticized as being slightly patronizing and sexist. While Asimov is commended for presenting tentative conclusions and his own theories, the absence of references is noted as a drawback for readers seeking to verify information. The review also touches upon Asimov's inclusion of political issues and his generally optimistic outlook on the future.

Cold confusion, the latest fax: F David Peat, Cold Fusion, The Making of a Scientific Controversy

This review discusses F. David Peat's book on the cold fusion controversy. The announcement on March 23, 1989, by Fleischmann and Pons from the University of Utah, claiming a breakthrough in cold fusion, is described as having a dramatic and traumatic birth, followed by a rapid decline in scientific acceptance. The review notes that while the scientific community moved on, the book serves to highlight the speed of the claims and the associated publicity, contrasting it with the usual peer-review process. The authors' approach of a dramatic press release is seen as having caused market fluctuations and raised hopes. Peat's book is said to explain the theory behind cold fusion in a simplistic manner, including atomic structure and isotopes, and provides a chronological account of the events surrounding the announcement. The reviewer concludes by wondering if cold fusion will join other discredited theories like Blondlot's work or polywater.

Braudely speaking: Stephen E Braude, The Limits of Influence, Psycho-kinesis and the Philosophy of Science

The review of Stephen E. Braude's book criticizes his embrace of concepts like levitating mediums and psychokinesis, labeling it as a rejection of science. The reviewer points out Braude's tendency to favor those who agree with him and dismiss opposing views, particularly his rejection of laboratory testing for psi phenomena. Braude's preference for eyewitness testimony, especially concerning figures like D.D. Home and Eusapia Palladino, is highlighted. The review also references a previous discussion in 'The Skeptic' about David Alexander's analysis of Palladino, which suggested her feats were conducted by her agent. Braude is accused of not engaging with skeptical literature, such as Trevor Hall's work on Daniel Home, and instead focusing on debunking hypotheses like collective hypnosis. The review mentions Braude's chapters on apparitions and precognition, including the theory of retrocausation.

Down the plug-hole: David Ash and Peter Hewitt, Science of the Gods: Reconciling mystery and matter

This review examines 'Science of the Gods' by David Ash and Peter Hewitt, which attempts to explain life, the universe, and everything through a vortex theory of energy, building on William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)'s ideas. The reviewer finds the theory, which posits energy vortices propagating without an aether, to be at odds with established physics, particularly the conservation of energy. The book is described as ranging over paranormal and pseudoscientific topics, including UFOs, telepathy, and homeopathy, attempting to unify them with science through the vortex concept. The reviewer expresses skepticism about the need to explain the non-existent or untestable through pseudoscience, noting that the authors' backgrounds in physics and natural sciences do not seem to be reflected in their work.

The green man: William Anderson, Green Man: the archetype of our oneness with the Earth

The review of William Anderson's 'Green Man' describes the book as both inspiring and infuriating. The 'Green Man' is presented as an archetype of life and fertility, symbolizing humanity's connection to the natural world. The visual representation of the Green Man, often depicted as a head made of leaves or disgorging vegetation, is noted as being widespread in art and folklore. The book is praised for its beautiful photographs, showcasing the Green Man's presence in unexpected places like Chartres Cathedral and St. Paul's. The review questions the ubiquity of the symbol, suggesting it may have served a purpose for communities, possibly related to fertility. The reviewer is critical of the book's 'New Age' interpretation, which suggests the earth is a living entity with spirits, finding this aspect problematic.

Asking big questions: Carl Lofmark, Does God Exist? and What is the Bible?

This review covers two books by Carl Lofmark: 'Does God Exist?' and 'What is the Bible?'. Lofmark, a Professor of German, is praised for his crisp and clear writing style. The review highlights Lofmark's anecdote about Laplace, suggesting that the concept of God is a hypothesis used to make sense of the world. Lofmark's approach is described as examining arguments for God's existence, such as ontological proofs and the argument from design, and discussing faith with excellent clarity, quoting Magellan's observation about the Earth's shadow on the moon. 'What is the Bible?' is noted for its clarity in answering subsidiary questions about the Old Testament, translations, and the Bible's truth. The reviewer acknowledges that believers might disagree with Lofmark's conclusions, but recommends the books for their unpretentious, bold analysis and clear writing.

Scientist and state: Sir Bernard Lovell, Astronomer by Chance

This review of Sir Bernard Lovell's autobiography focuses on his contributions to radio astronomy and his role in establishing the Jodrell Bank radio telescopes. The review notes the contrast between resources available for wartime projects and post-war academic research, and how the war transformed the public perception of scientists. Lovell's initial successes in obtaining funding are attributed to the positive image of science and his own worldly-wise methods. The development of the Mark I telescope is described as a testament to Lovell's stamina against increasing costs and bureaucratic hurdles. The review highlights the lack of public understanding of science and technology, questioning how a democratic society can function effectively when its citizens cannot critically assess information.

Essential science: Max Perutz, Is Science Necessary: Essays on Science and Scientists

This review of Max Perutz's book criticizes his uncritical defense of science, arguing that he fails to acknowledge the social, economic, and political contexts in which science operates. Perutz's justification of science focuses on its benefits to society, such as in food production, health, and energy, but the reviewer contends that he overlooks problems arising from mismanagement or political dogma, rather than inherent scientific issues. The reviewer expresses concern that Perutz's approach might provide fodder for anti-scientific sentiments, as he suggests that the desire to escape to a 'rural myth' engenders antiscience. The review notes Perutz's essays on 'Science in War,' his experiences with pykrete, and his review of 'Klaus Fuchs: The Man who Stole the Atom Bomb.' Perutz's persistence in promoting the myth of the singular scientific genius is also mentioned. Despite general unease, the reviewer acknowledges that Perutz's essays reveal the excitement of science as an intellectual activity.

Letters

Pulp pedantry

Donald Rooum responds to a letter, correcting a misconception about paper production. He states that paper is made from both hardwoods and softwoods, and that jokes about forests being cut for paper are based on a misunderstanding, as wood pulp is a byproduct of the timber trade from residual forests and plantations.

A waste of words

H.B. Gibson critiques the recurring discussion of the 'hypnotic state,' arguing it is a semantic issue rather than a difference in psychological theory. He asserts that concepts like 'pain,' 'expectation,' and 'anger' are useful, and similarly, 'hypnosis' is a useful concept, even if unique physiological or behavioral criteria are lacking. He contrasts this with the approach of 'The Amazing Kreskin,' who he implies avoids proving or disproving the existence of hypnosis.

Hubbard hullabulloo

John Clarke responds to a previous article on Scientology, reiterating points about L. Ron Hubbard's debt to Freud, his increasing 'barminess,' and his 'trillions of years' claim for human age. Clarke emphasizes that Hubbard condemned hypnotism and that any sign of it in a 'preclear' would be addressed by bringing them to present time. He criticizes the previous article for repeating common media myths and for suggesting his own improvement was due to maturation rather than his investigation of Scientology. Clarke rejects the idea of warning people against trying Scientology, comparing it to Galileo's rejection of authority.

No reason to believe

This letter praises a previous article on testing psychics, agreeing with the insistence that 'telepathy' refers to an absence of means and that 'extra sensory perception' is a contradictory term. The writer argues that while Thouless's 'psi' terminology may not explain phenomena, it does allow for description. The letter also supports the idea that open-mindedness means being willing to reconsider beliefs given sufficient reason, particularly in the case of phenomena that appear physically impossible.

Antony Flew Reading

This letter is a brief note from Antony Flew, indicating that he will provide a response to a previous letter regarding psi-research.

People in glass houses...

John L. Broom points out a deliberate mistake in a previous issue of The Skeptic regarding the Mary Celeste and a misspelling of 'impostors' in an article on Scientology. He corrects the spelling and notes that paper is made from both hardwoods and softwoods.

...shouldn't throw stones

This letter expresses enjoyment of The Skeptic but criticizes the writing of some contributors, particularly Ian Woods, for being illiterate and childish. The writer provides a re-written example of Woods's opening paragraph to demonstrate how it should have been written, focusing on clarity and avoiding colloquialisms.

A matter of belief

Tim Axon clarifies his use of the term 'belief system' in a previous article on New Age thought. He defines a 'belief' as a sincerely held view and a 'belief system' as a comprehensive collection of related beliefs. Axon emphasizes that his use of the term is neutral regarding the truth or adequacy of the beliefs, and that he argues belief systems provide psychological function by giving coherence and meaning to life. He predicts that New Age beliefs will persist until new forms of belief arise to replace them.

Faith in management

Joe Gerard questions Nick Beard's argument that paying more money to management consultants necessarily means their services are useful. Gerard suggests that the effectiveness of management consultancy should be determined by controlled tests, comparing its potential efficacy to faith healing.

Back Issues

This section lists available back issues of The Skeptic magazine, organized by volume and issue number, with titles and authors of the articles included in each issue. It covers volumes 1 through 5, from 1987 to 1991.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of The Skeptic include critical reviews of books on science, pseudoscience, and paranormal phenomena. The magazine consistently adopts a skeptical stance, questioning claims that lack empirical evidence or logical rigor. There is a strong emphasis on scientific methodology, critical thinking, and the importance of clear communication. The editorial stance appears to favor rationalism and evidence-based reasoning, as evidenced by the critiques of books that embrace unverified claims or employ pseudoscientific explanations. The letters section further demonstrates this by featuring readers' corrections, debates, and defenses of skeptical viewpoints.