SERPAN - No 02 - Avril 1993

Magazine Overview

This document is an internal bulletin, 'BULLETIN INTERNE D'INFORMATION', issue number 2, dated April 1993, published by S.E.R.P.A.N. (Société d'Enquête et de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Aérospatiaux Non-Identifiés). The organization is based in Sainte-Maxime, France, and operates under the French law of July 1, 1901.

Table of Contents (Sommaire)

The bulletin features a comprehensive table of contents, indicating a wide range of articles and reports:

• Editorial and Financial Report: By Eric Maillot, 1 page.
• Miscellaneous Information: By Eric Maillot, 3 pages.
• Observation of Michel Figuet in Fort de France, Martinique (20.09.1965): 13 pages.
• UNICAT PROJECT - On short duration: By W. Smith, translated by J. Scomaux, 7 pages.
• Epistolary Exchanges between Marc Leduc and Eric Maillot: Covering topics like CAST FO, IPI, Vassan/Gorbio, and St Cyril observation, 9 pages.
• Landing and Humanoids in Drummondville (St Cyril) - UFO Québec: 3 pages.
• Idem - INFORESPACE N°21: Noting differences, 1 page.
• CASUFO Files (Case Codification): 1 page.
• Supplement on the Petit-Rechain photo (Cover of the SOBEPS book): Response from Vim Van Utrecht to Eric Maillot, 3 pages.
• COLOR Photocopy: (Thanks Eric!!), 1 page.
• Article on the technique of airships: Extract from Col Bleus N°1617 (07.06.1980), 6 pages.
• Article on SECTs: 'The Possessed of Beauvallon', extract from Le Point N°971, 3 pages.
• Humor... to relax you!: Including 'Tonton Jimmy', 'The Belgian Wave?', 'The Corn-Circles?', 3 pages.
• Press Review: Featuring Femme Actuelle, Terre Sauvage N°67 (Nov 1992), France-Soir (31.07.92), Le Provencal (06.01.1990 - Valensole), 4 pages.
• PUB: Review 'AURA Z' from C.R.S. by Alexandre Avchaloumov, 2 pages.
• Reports between SERPAN and the MAGONIA group: Complementary correspondence on the Savasse affair + erroneous ephemerides, 5 pages.
• Landing of BERNAY: Jean-Pierre Calmel's viewpoint, 2 pages.
• Affair of Saint-Firmin Magonia N°9 (extract): + EMT correspondence (see also LDLN), 8 pages.
• Interesting Notice on the use of a video game - FALCON 3.0: For more information on the F-16 radar (program written with the help of an F-16 pilot), 11 pages.

Editorial Note and Financials

The introductory note explains that the somewhat disjointed nature of issues 1 and 2 is due to them being internal publications not intended for external distribution. Members are encouraged to integrate these documents into their own files. The note also mentions the possibility of members creating a more traditional 'review' format, but for now, raw documents from SERPAN's activities will be provided.

The financial report details the association's accounts as of March 17, 1993. The main account shows a credit balance of 362.60F after various debits for sending bulletins and copies. The stamp account has a credit balance of 554.00F, with planned debits for sending bulletins N°2 and N°3. The treasurer plans to purchase remaining stamps and transfer the equivalent amount to the main account for simplified management. The membership fee for 1993 has been set at 65F by the president.

Miscellaneous Information in VRAC (By E. Maillot)

This section provides various updates and requests:

• Books: Henry Julien and Michel Figuet are working on a book about UFOs in Provence. A collective work involving several authors has been completed but faces market challenges.
• Trans en Provence: Henry Julien corrected the width of tire tracks in this case to 12.5cm, not 20 or 10cm as previously reported. A request is made for members to search for 1981 tires with a 125mm width and specific tread patterns. MFT observed a similar tire trace near a hypermarket, suspecting it might be from a forklift or motorcycle. Members with photos (positives, slides, negatives) of the Trans en Provence trace are asked to provide them for duplication and analysis. A request is made for Yves Bosson to use his photographic skills to create a 'pseudo relief' effect from negatives/positives to reveal details. The chemical composition of tire rubber is being investigated for clues.
• Valensole: Jean Claude Leroy is compiling a comprehensive case file and seeking quality photos of the trace and field. The purchase of 'anniversary journal' copies is suggested. A request is made to inquire about lightning frequency in the area to compare with the 'lightning trace' event.
• Cussac: A request is made for anyone who can precisely locate witnesses and the UFO on a 1:25000 map.
• Jabreilles Les Bordes: No new information is available, and there's a lack of promised documents from certain individuals.
• Fort de France: No new information beyond the articles in this bulletin.
• St Vallier de Thiey: The case is being reopened for further investigation.
• LIUFO Québec: A mention of a lunar misidentification and a database of Quebec cases by Marc Leduc.
• Databases: MFT continues to enter RR cases and create paper files for the SERPAN sources. EMT has compiled 1200 cases (UFO/UAP and physical effects) and is updating files. Suggestions for database names like VERSEAU or PHOENIX are welcomed.

Observation of CUSSAC

A map of the Chaudes-Aigues area is provided, with a specific call for information regarding the location of witnesses and details of the phenomenon. A return address to Eric Maillot is given.

Observation of Martinique (20/09/1965)

This section details an observation made in Martinique on September 20, 1965, between 19:30 and 19:35, and again between 21:04 and 21:09. The observation involved a luminous sphere and is described with diagrams and notes, including its descent, formation of a halo, and ascent. The context mentions submarines Junon S648 and Daphne S84 and a location near Fort de France.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this bulletin are the detailed investigation of specific UFO/UAP cases, the sharing of raw data and observations among members, and the ongoing efforts to build and manage a comprehensive database of sightings. The editorial stance, as expressed in the introductory note, emphasizes the internal nature of the publication, the importance of member contributions, and the value of pluralism in understanding these phenomena. The bulletin aims to be a repository of information for SERPAN members, encouraging them to process and categorize the data according to their own systems.

This issue of 'Mystères et Inexpliqués' (Mysteries and Unexplained) focuses on unexplained aerial phenomena (UAP) observed in the Antilles, primarily in September 1965. The content includes witness testimonies, official reports, and meteorological data, offering a multi-faceted look at these events.

Witness Accounts

Philippe Testard's Testimony

Philippe Testard recounts a sighting on September 20, 1965, while aboard the submarine 'Junon' near 'Fort SE FRANCE'. He describes a luminous phenomenon in the sky, recalling it vividly but expressing uncertainty about the exact trajectory, whether it was 'this' or 'that'. He notes that the light extinguished and then relit about 3/4 to 1 hour later, repeating the same trajectory but in reverse, forming 'lunettes' (glasses) or a 'cheminement intelligent' (intelligent path). He also mentions that 23 years later, he had forgotten some details but remembered the principal aspects, particularly the 'LUNETTES' shape and the 'Système' during its descent and ascent.

Michel Figuet's Inquiry

Michel Figuet is identified as a correspondent who solicited information regarding a UAP. His letter, dated February 23, 1983, prompted a response from the Gendarmerie.

Gendarmerie Response

The Compagnie de Gendarmerie de Fort de France, through Chef d'Escadron DAMY, responded to Michel Figuet's inquiry on March 14, 1983. They stated that no archives pertaining to a phenomenon witnessed in 1965 currently existed, as official archives were typically destroyed or sent to a central repository after ten years. Furthermore, any gendarmes who might have been witnesses would likely no longer be stationed in the area, as postings typically lasted only three to four years. The Gendarmerie also noted that 'France Antilles' had published Figuet's letter as a call for witnesses, but since the newspaper was created in 1966, it held no prior archives.

Meteorological Observations

Several meteorological observations are documented, primarily from September 1965:

• September 20, 1965 (19h30 - 20h00): At Desaix, a luminous sinusoidal trail was observed moving towards the zenith and then towards 090°, becoming diffuse. This lasted for 5 to 10 minutes.
• September 20, 1965 (21h05 - 21h09): At Desaix, a bright yellow ball, slightly smaller than the moon, was seen moving rapidly in a wide, broken line, preceded by a luminous line and followed by a trace. It appeared at 15º above the horizon and disappeared at 7-8º, vanishing in about 4 minutes.
• Caravelle (date unspecified): A similar phenomenon was observed in the 115º direction.
• Fort de France (September 20, 19h30): A luminous ball was seen in the 130º direction, appearing to come from a distance. It traced a circular path with zigzags and left a vertical red trail.
• September 21, 1965 (21h05 - 21h10): The same phenomenon was observed.
• September 21, 1965 (02h15): A spherical, incandescent white object with white smoke was observed. It moved in a NNE trajectory, performed a 'Z' maneuver, and disappeared abruptly over 5 minutes.
• September 23, 1965 (19h30): A similar phenomenon was reported.

Meteorological Service Analysis

A letter from the Service Météorologique Interrégional Antilles-Guyane, dated July 30, 1992, addressed to S.E.R.P.A.N. (Eric Maillot) and referencing a query from M. Jacobin, discusses the observation on the evening of September 20, 1965. After consulting observation documents from the Raizet station, the service concluded that the phenomenon could not have been observed due to meteorological conditions. Specifically, on the afternoon and evening of September 20, 1965, Guadeloupe was under the influence of a disturbed trade wind, resulting in heavy cloud cover (3 to 7/8 low clouds and 4 to 5/8 high clouds). A moderate rain shower was recorded from 19h48 to 20h04. The significant cloud cover, occulting the sky between 19h30 and 21h05, made observation at Raizet impossible, even if the phenomenon had existed.

Scientific Context: Rocket Launches

The issue also includes an article by G. Dassonville detailing rocket launches for atmospheric research. It describes the preparation and execution of three rocket firings, highlighting the challenges of working in a harsh Antarctic environment and the technical complexities involved. The article mentions scientists like Lefèvre and Berthelier and the efforts to ensure the rockets were ready for launch within a specific timeframe. This section provides a backdrop of scientific activity occurring concurrently with the UAP reports.

Diagrams and Maps

Several hand-drawn diagrams and maps are included:

• A diagram illustrating the 'Deuxième phase' of an event, showing a sequence of movements labeled with times (21h05, 21h06, 21h07, 21h08, 21h09) and descriptions like 'Départ' (start), 'boule' (ball), and 'boucle' (loop).
• Maps of the Antilles, specifically Martinique and Guadeloupe, marking locations such as Fort de France, Schoelcher, Desaix, and Trois-Ilets. These maps are annotated with arrows indicating arrival and disappearance points ('Ar arrivée' and 'Ar disparition') and directions ('vers la Trinité', 'vers N.4 et S-Joseph').

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the observation of unexplained aerial phenomena, the challenges of official investigation due to archival limitations and personnel turnover, and the role of meteorological conditions in obscuring or potentially explaining sightings. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting documented evidence and official responses, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions while acknowledging the inherent difficulties in verifying such events. The inclusion of scientific rocket launch activities suggests an interest in the broader context of atmospheric and space research during that era.

This document is a research paper titled "ON SHORT DURATIONS" by Willy Smith, associated with the UNICAT Project. It was published as part of the UNICAT Project on June 15, 1992. The paper critically examines the significance and handling of short-duration UFO events, challenging common methodologies that lead to their systematic rejection.

Abstract

The abstract highlights that the duration of UFO events has been neglected and misrepresented by systematic use of histograms, which masks true issues. The paper focuses on short-duration sightings and argues that cases should not be rejected solely on grounds of brevity if they possess other merits. The numerical data cited is from the UNICAT database, which contained 820 high-quality UFO cases as of May 1992.

Short Durations: Critiques and Arguments

The paper addresses the common view, espoused by researchers like Saunders, that brief UFO sightings are likely mundane events (meteors, jets) and contribute little information. It specifically discusses the criteria proposed by Michel Figuet and other French investigators, which suggest eliminating cases with durations less than 30 seconds, unless physical effects are present, in which case the minimum duration is lowered to 10 seconds.

Willy Smith objects to this criterion on methodological grounds, stating that physical traces and duration are independent aspects of the UFO phenomenon and should not be linked a priori for case selection. He argues that while many short-duration cases might seem worthless due to limited information, this is not always true.

To illustrate, Smith uses the analogy of a driver checking their rearview mirror. These 2-3 second glances acquire considerable information (vehicle type, color, distance, behavior, etc.). He posits that if a driver were to witness something extraordinary, like a UFO, such a brief observation would be permanently etched in memory, acquiring significant informational value.

Consequently, Smith contends that a very short duration is insufficient to dismiss a potential UFO sighting. While the information might be minimal, rejecting a case solely on its briefness is incorrect.

He then moves to Figuet's 10-second threshold, drawing a parallel with television commercials. Advertisers use 10-15 second segments, determined by marketing techniques, to create a desired effect. Smith argues that a UFO witness, unlike an apathetic TV viewer, is likely to be startled by an unusual event and retain more information than from a commercial, even if the duration is short.

Therefore, Smith concludes that the systematic rejection of UFO events with durations less than 30 seconds, based on French criteria, is incorrect. While some short cases may be meteors, they can be separated from unexplained events by comparing their typical profiles.

Lower Duration Limit and UNICAT Data

Smith questions whether a lower duration limit for UFO sightings could be established. He suggests 3-5 seconds might be reasonable but cannot serve as a sole decision criterion, partly because such short durations are rarely measured accurately and are often subjective estimates. He notes that many short-duration events lack a concrete number, with witnesses simply stating "seconds."

He reiterates that Figuet's 30-second cutoff is unacceptable, as many good cases are shorter. The duration of a UFO event should not be used in isolation to reject an incident.

The paper then presents data from the UNICAT database regarding short UFO events:

• < 3 sec.: 14 cases (1.7%)
• 3 to 5 s.: 18 cases (2.2%)
• 5 to 10 s: 14 cases (1.7%)
• 10 to 20 s: 19 cases (2.3%)
• 20 to 30 s: 22 cases (2.7%)

Smith points out that only 5.6% of UNICAT cases have durations of less than 10 seconds. He notes that for cases under 3 seconds, only two had specific durations; the others were arbitrarily included based on original reports stating "seconds."

Regarding the quality of these short-duration cases, Smith presents data for two cases with stated durations:

• Case 1 (Willamette Pass, OR, 661122): 1 sec duration, 0.02 min timestat, NC (information coefficient) 14, Grade AAB, S|W (strangeness and weight) 7|5. Evaluated as "Very Good" by UNICAT criteria.
• Case 2 (Castelo de Bode Dam, 770617): 3 sec duration, 0.05 min timestat, NC 15, Grade BBB, S|W 4|5. Evaluated as "Good" by UNICAT criteria.

These examples demonstrate that stricter criteria would have led to the rejection of valuable cases.

Correspondence and Further Discussion

The document includes a letter from Eric Haillot to Marc, dated June 15, 1992. Haillot discusses his work on a database called CASUFO, which uses keywords for faster decoding and includes descriptive summaries. He mentions his intention to publish a lexicon for decoding/coding.

Haillot expresses interest in Marc's CASUFO approach and emphasizes the importance of critiques based on precise facts rather than personal affectations. He states his direct communication style and appreciation for interlocutors who clearly state their opinions. He also shares an experience where other UFO database managers were resistant to touching their "favorite UFO cases."

Haillot then addresses Marc's comments on the IPI (Index of Potential Identification) and the classification system. He agrees that the IPI is only partially useful without its note on observation circumstances. He critiques J. Vallée's SVP scale as a deceptive facade and notes that Marc uses it literally, similar to Michel Figuet's classification.

Regarding specific cases, Haillot discusses a case classified as PO (unidentified) by Marc, where Marc provided three possible explanations (Vortex, EQL, Hallucination) in addition to UFO. Haillot finds this paradoxical, suggesting that if multiple explanations are possible, the information is insufficient, leading to a P- or P? category rather than PO. He proposes his own assessment of the case, considering the improbability of vortex theories and the lack of solid evidence for hallucination or EQL theories, leaving UFO as the most plausible explanation but suggesting further details are needed.

Haillot describes a potential UFO encounter with beings in dark suits with fluorescent bands, a strong "whistling wind" sensation reported by the witness, and a red rotating light on the craft. He notes that these details remind him of something.

References

The paper lists three references:
1. Figuet, Michel; CRITERIA FOR SELECTING THE HARDEST CASES (undated).
2. FREQUENCY STUDY OF UNICAT PARAMETERS for a sample of 800 cases, UNICAT Project, June 1991.
3. Smith, Willy; METEORS VS. UFOS, UNICAT Project, April 1991 (to be published).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the critical evaluation of UFO case selection criteria, specifically focusing on the duration of sightings. The paper advocates for a more nuanced approach that does not automatically dismiss cases based on brevity. It emphasizes the importance of robust methodology in UFO research and highlights the value of data from comprehensive databases like UNICAT. The editorial stance is one of challenging established, potentially flawed, methodologies in favor of evidence-based analysis and a more inclusive approach to studying UFO phenomena.

This issue of UFO-QUEBEC, dated October 1980, is a reprint of an article originally published in the SERPAN bulletin. It focuses on a significant UFO landing and humanoid encounter case that occurred near Drummondville, Quebec, in June 1974. The issue also includes extensive discussions on ufological methodology, case analysis, and the challenges of standardizing data within the field, primarily through correspondence between correspondents Eric Maillot and Marc Leduc, and references to other researchers.

The Drummondville Landing and Humanoid Encounter (EN REPRISE)

The main article, 'UN ATTERRISSAGE ET DES HUMANOÏDES A DRUMMONDVILLE' by Marc Leduc, details an event that began in the early morning of June 25, 1974. The incident was brought to public attention through a radio broadcast on CFDM-FM in Drummondville on July 5, 1974, featuring Jean Roy, a local figure known for discussing UFO phenomena. The broadcast prompted researchers Philippe Blaquière and Marc Leduc to investigate.

The investigation involved multiple meetings with Jean Roy, his friend Michel Lauzière, and the two primary witnesses (referred to as M... and Mme M...). The witnesses were initially hesitant to share their story but eventually agreed. The event itself lasted approximately three hours, starting around 1:15 AM.

The Observation:

The primary witness, Mme M..., was awakened by three loud thuds outside her trailer. Looking out, she saw a red, rotating flash and then an illuminated, red-glowing creature about ten feet away. This creature had two arms and two legs, with its body appearing to be formed of superimposed red rings. The intense luminosity of the body obscured details of its head. The creature and witness remained immobile, facing each other.

The Landing:

Shortly after, the witness's husband, M..., saw a flying object land in a nearby field, about 500 feet away. The object was described as a saucer with a rotating red flash on top. The landing was accompanied by a whistling wind that lasted for the entire observation period. Three distinct traces were found on the ground the following morning.

The Beings and Activity:

After the initial encounter, the creature was replaced by four other beings who were seen around a second trailer. One of these beings illuminated the area like headlights. Later, approximately fifteen 'robots' appeared, standing immobile and aligned shoulder-to-shoulder, covering a length of 85 feet. They were luminous and similar in appearance. The red flash on the UFO rotated 360 degrees every 10 seconds. The 'robots' occasionally moved, extinguishing and relighting, and appeared to glide above the ground without leaving footprints. They were observed examining the axle of a nearby trailer and tapping on the metallic attachment of the witnesses' trailer.

Object Description:

Mme M... provided a detailed description of the flying object. It was an oval-shaped saucer with a prominent dome and a wide rim. The lower perimeter was illuminated by several yellow lights. The object's underside was also illuminated, allowing her to see three large, red, and bright landing legs. The object's dimensions were estimated to be about 40 feet in length and 20 feet in height, with the legs being shorter than the vehicle's height. The proportion of the legs to the vehicle's height was approximately eight to twelve.

Landing Traces:

Three 'landing nests' were found at the site, located on either side of a stream and a large tree. These traces were annular in shape with an appendage. The grass within the traces was displaced in a spiral pattern, suggesting pressure from the object's supports. The indentations were about half an inch deep. Weeks later, the grass in the field was cut, and the repelled grass in the traces was still visible.

Conditions and Conclusion:

The observation lasted about three hours, ending around 4:30 AM as dawn approached. The conditions were described as ideal, with a starry sky, some clouds, and a moon in its first quarter. The article concludes that the event suggests a landing involving three objects with crews, based on the disposition of the windows and garage relative to the landing points.

Correspondence and Methodological Discussions

The issue features significant correspondence between Eric Maillot and Marc Leduc, discussing various aspects of ufology and case analysis.

Eric Maillot's Perspective:

Maillot expresses his desire for an open-minded approach to case verification, suggesting that the Drummondville case might be explained by a police or military operation if certain details are checked. He also emphasizes the need for intellectual honesty and critical thinking in ufology, criticizing what he perceives as dogmatic attitudes and a lack of rigorous analysis among some researchers. He advocates for a serious study of phenomena rather than simply accepting hypotheses without evidence.

Maillot critiques the classification of UFO cases, particularly the 'P?' category (unidentified) and the 'P' category (balls of formation). He argues that these classifications can be too permeable to misidentifications (e.g., moon, planets, aircraft) and that a lack of precise distance information (e.g., within 50 meters) hinders accurate analysis. He highlights the issue of 'weak' intrinsic quality in many collected cases, which he believes drowns out potentially significant phenomena. He calls for researchers to improve the quality of their data and investigations.

He also discusses the limitations of certain UFO indices, such as the 'strangeness' criterion, and the difficulty in definitively proving the 'strangeness' of UFO cases compared to known misidentifications. Maillot is critical of researchers like J. Fergusson who remain silent or unresponsive to criticism, suggesting potential fabrication or literary manipulation.

Marc Leduc's Perspective:

Leduc, in his correspondence, responds to Maillot's points, particularly regarding the Vassan-Gorbio case and the researcher J. Fergusson. Leduc acknowledges the 'striking resemblance' between the Vassan-Gorbio and other cases but cautions against assuming a direct link or attributing it to trickery without thorough control of variables. He agrees with Maillot's aversion to dogmatism and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between dogma (unverified beliefs) and necessity (constraints for achieving a goal).

Leduc discusses the development and application of the 'IPI' (Indice de Probabilité d'Identification) index, which he is integrating into the CASUFO database. He sees the IPI as a valuable tool for standardizing case information and facilitating comparative analysis, especially for cases from Quebec. However, he also notes its limitations, particularly regarding the precise location of phenomena (e.g., within 50 meters) and its potential inadequacy for certain types of cases, such as those involving 'earthlights' or 'earthquake lights,' or descriptions of organized groups of luminous spheres.

Leduc expresses concern that an overly rigid application of the IPI, especially concerning distance requirements, might lead to the exclusion of interesting phenomena. He also shares his belief that the Vassan-Gorbio case might illustrate a modern myth paradigm that is transferable across cultures.

Other Sections:

• De La Messuzière: This section reports on the closure of a debate involving J. Vézina and an individual who had submitted handwritten notes. The author states that the justifications provided were not worth publishing and that the debate is considered technically a knockout.
• Les textes pour publication dans LIUFO: Leduc discusses publication constraints for the LIUFO journal, noting that frequent issues are limited to twelve pages. He requests collaborators to adopt a format of five to six pages to better fit the journal's resources and current definition.
• Le cas de Saint-Cyril: Leduc mentions that he is providing documentation for the Saint-Cyril case, based on collaboration and information exchange.
• L'indice I.P.I.: Leduc elaborates on the IPI index, its utility in the CASUFO database, its bilingual and bicultural applicability, and its relationship with other indices. He notes its limitations but sees it as a useful tool for experienced users.
• Critique of IPI: Leduc reiterates concerns about the IPI, particularly its strictness regarding distance (50 meters) which he finds impractical for certain cases. He also questions the 'PO' classification ('non-identified') as equivalent to 'null probability of identification,' finding it too restrictive and potentially excluding valid phenomena. He mentions that the index might be 'counter-destined' for some cases.
• Recommandations for CASUFO: Leduc recommends the use of CASUFO for its services in research, including descriptive statistics, analysis reports, hypothesis testing, and facilitating information exchange among researchers worldwide. He also offers New Year's wishes to Eric Maillot and hopes for continued collaboration.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical analysis of UFO cases, the development and application of methodological tools (like the IPI index), and the importance of rigorous, objective investigation. There is a clear stance against dogmatism and unsubstantiated beliefs within ufology, advocating instead for evidence-based research and open dialogue. The editors and correspondents emphasize the need for quality data, accurate reporting, and a critical approach to witness testimony and photographic/physical evidence. The issue highlights the ongoing effort to standardize and improve the scientific rigor of UFO research.

This issue of Cols Bleus, identified as No. 1617 from June 1975, Volume 4, is published by S.E.R.P.A.N. and originates from France. The cover headline announces 'LE DIRIGEABLE DEVIENT AERONEF ALLEGE' (The Dirigible Becomes a Light Aeronef), suggesting a focus on airship technology and its evolution.

Nouvelles internationales

This section presents several UFO cases from Canada, compiled by Philippe Blaquière, Marc Leduc, and Wido Hoville.

Drummondville Sighting (June 25, 1974)

The primary case detailed occurred on the night of June 25, 1974, near Drummondville, Quebec. A couple, referred to as M. and Mme X, reported witnessing a strange object land in a nearby field around 1:10 AM. The object was described as a 'reversed bowl' with a rotating red light on top and illuminated hublots. It rested on a tripod. Simultaneously, luminous 'robots' appeared, some of which approached the couple's mobile home, tapping on its metallic attachment. These figures were described as red and luminous from the neck to the waist, with invisible heads and limbs that moved stiffly. They were observed collecting stones and sand. The event lasted for about three hours, with the object and figures disappearing by dawn. The witnesses experienced fear, sweating, and stomach pressure, with one suffering an asthma attack. Other witnesses in the area also reported unusual phenomena, including a red flash. The investigators, including Philippe Blaquière, Marc Leduc, Michel Lauzière, and Jean Roy, expressed full confidence in the couple's sincerity.

Related Cases

Seven days after the Drummondville sighting, another craft reportedly landed in the same location, and a neighbor was able to observe it. The day after the main sighting, June 26, 1974, another case was reported in Saint Chrysostome, Canada.

Vassan, Abitibi Sighting (1950)

An older case from 1950 in Vassan, Abitibi, Canada, involved a man who saw a disc-shaped object about 1 meter above the ground. A humanoid figure, described as young-looking with a large head and wearing phosphorescent clothing and a mask, emerged and interacted with another figure before they re-entered the craft. The witness felt paralyzed and observed the figures' wrinkled faces and 'chicken eyes'.

Le Dirigeable Devient Aéronef Allégé

This extensive article, written by contre-amiral de Brossard, traces the history and potential future of dirigibles and 'light aeronefs'.

Historical Precedents

The author argues that true invention is rare, with many modern concepts being rediscoveries of older ideas. He references historical documents:

• 1785: Lieutenant du Génie Meusnier's plans for a flexible dirigible, anticipating modern designs by a century, though lacking a motor.
• 1859: Camille Vert's 'Flying Fish' design, featuring an elongated balloon with a gondola, two propulsion propellers, and a sustentation propeller. A reduced model flew in 1852, but the full-scale model, begun in 1870, was not completed due to technological limitations.
• 1855: The term 'aeroplane' first appeared, referring to a thick, gliding wing design with an estimated 40-meter wingspan and 25-meter depth, powered by six engines. The author notes that the concept of a 'flying wing' is not new, citing an engineer named Pline.

Modern Concepts and Projects

The article highlights contemporary projects and concepts:

• 1967: The Aeron Dynairship project in the United States, with a 78m wingspan and 103m depth, powered by four turboprops, carrying 125 tons of payload.
• 1980s Outlook: Numerous research offices in the US, UK, France, West Germany, and Russia are working on designs, with some reduced models having flown. Examples include lenticular dirigibles (Project Pégase, 950,000 m³), the Flipper (destroyed by a snowstorm), Alcyon, and Thermoskyship (60,000 m³).
• Specific Projects: Mention is made of the 'Aerocrane' (American), 'Dinosaure' (meteorological project), and the US 'Megalifter' (a flying wing combining aerostat and dynamic lift, with 190,000 m³ of helium).
• Semi-Rigid Dirigibles: The SODETEG-TRANSCONSULT project is described as a 80,000 m³ semi-rigid airship capable of 150 km/h, a 2,000 km range, and automated piloting, with a projected cost of 30 million francs per unit.

Applications of Light Aeronefs

The article posits that light aeronefs can fill niches where conventional aircraft are unsuitable or too expensive:

• Low-speed, low-cost air transport.
• Exploration and surveillance of economic zones.
• Access to areas lacking transport infrastructure.
• Handling of containers at terminals.
• Transport of indivisible and forestry loads.
• Scientific observation platforms superior to satellites.
• Telecommunications relays.

Energy and Environmental Considerations

The author emphasizes the need for energy conservation and reduced pollution, suggesting that aerostats, which require energy only for translation, are a viable solution in an era of energy rationing. He criticizes the waste of petroleum for dynamic lift when aerostatic lift is available.

Challenges and Future

The article acknowledges that the pilotage and command of light aeronefs, especially those with aerostatic components, differ significantly from conventional aircraft. The development requires hangar facilities, flight testing, and operational deployment. The article notes that the miniaturization of electronics has advanced significantly, enabling sophisticated control systems.

Analysis of UFO Photography (Petit-Rechain)

This section features a letter from Vim Van Utrecht to M. Maillot, discussing the analysis of a UFO photograph, likely the one from Petit-Rechain.

Lens Reflections and Anomalies

Van Utrecht suggests that parabolic reflections visible on the lens of the Petit-Rechain photograph might offer clues about the object's position and distance. He notes that similar reflections appeared in his own reproduction attempts. He identifies a specific reflection on the lens to the left of the object in the Petit-Rechain photo, which he believes is an internal reflection of light from the extreme right of the photo. He also discusses a third reflection, to the right of the top light, which he suspects is a reflection of the bottom light. He points out that these reflections, while present, do not necessarily reveal the distance between the light source and the camera, as their appearance depends on factors like light intensity, camera orientation, image sharpness, and lens type.

Reproducibility and Authenticity

Van Utrecht describes his own attempts to reproduce the photo, using a Zenit-12 XP camera and a Cokin filter. He concludes that it is possible to reproduce such photos without specialized equipment, suggesting that the anomalies in the Petit-Rechain photo might be explainable by photographic techniques rather than an extraordinary phenomenon. He challenges proponents of the case to prove its authenticity, suggesting that the witness might have misrepresented how the photograph was taken. He proposes that the witness be asked to photograph a distant light under controlled conditions to verify their photographic skills and rule out motion blur.

Investigation Bias

Van Utrecht expresses skepticism about the investigations conducted by SOBEPS and the Belgian Military School, implying they may have aimed to reinforce the 'strangeness' of the document rather than find a rational explanation.

Complementary Information

A note indicates that Jacques Scornaux and Eric Maillot possess a publication signed by Vim Van Utrecht titled 'Triangles over Belgium, a case of Uforia ?'.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the intersection of historical technological concepts with contemporary phenomena. The 'Nouvelles internationales' section highlights the persistent mystery of UFO sightings, presenting detailed witness accounts and investigative efforts. The 'Le Dirigeable Devient Aéronef Allégé' section champions the revival of dirigible technology, emphasizing its potential for energy efficiency, environmental benefits, and diverse applications in a modern context. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, particularly regarding photographic evidence of UFOs, advocating for rational explanations and reproducible results while acknowledging the enduring fascination with unexplained aerial phenomena and the potential of rediscovered technologies.

This issue of Le Point, dated April 29, 1991, features a cover story titled "Les possédés de Beauvallon" (The Possessed of Beauvallon), focusing on a new sect that preys on young, affluent individuals. The magazine also includes articles on the history and potential of dirigibles, and various satirical cartoons and illustrations related to ufology and esoteric beliefs.

Les possédés de Beauvallon

The main article details the activities of a sect led by Maud Pison, a psychoanalyst, and her associate, Dr. Galiano, a dentist. Pison, described as a 70-year-old woman with a round face and gentle gaze, runs an "Institute of Psychoanalytic Research" which is a front for her sect. The sect targets the wealthy aristocracy in the Versailles region, promising them a path to a "superior life" and "total harmony with the world."

Agnès, a 25-year-old victim, is presented as someone who has left her home, partner, and job to dedicate herself to the sect's practices, which include obsessively using a pendulum to note numbers and interrogating it about daily affairs. Her entourage views her as a victim of a dangerous sect disguised as psychoanalysis.

The sect's methods involve isolating members from their families and friends, encouraging them to distance themselves from their previous lives. Members are encouraged to visit Dr. Galiano, who claims to be the reincarnation of Jesus Christ and uses his dental practice to impose devices that supposedly block "negative energies." He also makes pronouncements about past lives, claiming some members were siblings of Jesus, thus making their marriages incestuous.

During seminars held at Pison's villa in Beauvallon, near Saint-Tropez, members are subjected to mystical and esoteric teachings. In one instance, Dr. Galiano claimed to have found the chalice of the Last Supper and demanded 1000 francs from each of the fifty attendees for this "seminar."

The article highlights the psychological manipulation involved, with members often suffering from extreme fear and admiration for their leaders. They are sometimes accused of being figures like Ravaillac or the Antichrist if they show resistance. The sect also promotes beliefs about UFOs, with Pison claiming that early morning UFO sightings in Provence help people understand the human soul.

The article notes that while the sect's primary motivation may not be financial, they do generate significant income through these seminars. Their deeper aim appears to be the exercise of power by alienating individuals, potentially leading to their own psychological downfall.

The sect's activities have drawn the attention of Père Trouslard, a canon from Soissons who tracks cults. He has helped several individuals, including Antoine, Anne, and François, escape Maud Pison's influence by explaining the nature of sects and exposing Pison's fraudulent credentials and manipulative tactics.

The article concludes by stating that Maud Pison's sect is characteristic of "new sects" that operate discreetly, recruit from affluent circles, and use disguised methods, such as psychoanalysis, to mask their true intentions.

Dirigibles: A Look Back and Forward

This section, featuring photographs and text, discusses dirigibles. The "Nos photos" section on page 1 displays several images of dirigibles, identified as:

1. A flight of K-type dirigibles.
2. A ZPG 3 W Early Warning dirigible with a volume of 45,000 m³.
3. A K-type dirigible flying over an aircraft carrier in 1950.
4. A US Navy PG3W from 1958.

Page 2 features an article by Vice-Admiral de Brossard, who presented his communication at the Académie de Marine on May 14, 1980. He discusses the challenges of piloting dirigibles, emphasizing the need for human intuition and experience beyond computer calculations. He recalls the history of dirigible accidents, noting that between 1917 and 1933, out of 103 flexible dirigibles, 29 had incidents, but only two led to material condemnation. He also mentions the US Navy's use of two hundred flexible dirigibles for anti-submarine warfare from 1942 to 1945, and their ZPG-3W type dirigibles in 1955, equipped with early-warning radar. The US Navy decommissioned its dirigibles in 1962.

De Brossard highlights the psychological risk of public and press reaction to accidents, especially with prototypes. He advocates for training pilots and commanders on classic ZPG dirigibles before transitioning to lighter-than-air aircraft (aéro-allégés). He argues that the advantages of these new aircraft, including their lower power requirements, reduced pollution, and noise levels, make them highly desirable for energy conservation and ecological reasons.

Page 3 continues with "Nos photos," showing:

1. A maritime surveillance dirigible.
2. A French flying crane, a double-hulled dirigible designed for heavy aerial work.
3. A helicostat (France), a lightened helicopter for aerial work, specifically for logging.
4. and 5. Aeron 340.

Other Content

Pages 7, 8, and 9 contain satirical cartoons and illustrations. Page 7 features two caricatures related to "Petit Gris" (a term sometimes associated with UFOs or aliens) and their search for food or preferred sustenance. Page 8 presents a cartoon from March 30, 1990, in Belgium, with figures discussing F-16s, FM7s, and AWACS, questioning if they are just "luminous points" or UFOs. It also includes a diagram with astronomical references and contact information for S.E.R.P.A.N.

Page 9 contains a cartoon with figures deciding to stop their "13 years of activity" in investigating various esoteric and paranormal subjects, including cereology, meteorology, ufology, cytology, parapsychology, magnetism, radiesthesia, and hoaxes, stating "FINI LA CONCURRENCE" (End of competition) and "ALLEZ UN PTIT DERNIER" (Let's have one last little one).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the dangers of cults and psychological manipulation, the historical and potential future of lighter-than-air aircraft, and the persistent interest in ufology and esoteric phenomena, often treated with a mix of serious reporting and satirical commentary. The editorial stance appears to be one of exposing harmful practices (like the Beauvallon sect) while also exploring fringe topics with a degree of skepticism and humor, as seen in the cartoons. The magazine aims to inform its readers about societal issues, technological developments, and popular beliefs, often through investigative journalism and visually engaging content.

Title: Terre Sauvage
Issue Date: November 1992
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Terre Sauvage, dated November 1992, delves into the mysteries of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and related phenomena, featuring reports on potential secret aircraft and eyewitness accounts of encounters.

OVNI ou avion? Un bombardier secret dépasserait six ou sept fois le mur du son

The lead article discusses a startling incident where a Boeing 747 of United Airlines, flying at 7,000 meters altitude, was nearly grazed by an unidentified aircraft just three hundred meters away. Air traffic control radar showed no trace of the unknown object. This event is presented as part of a pattern, with five similar testimonies from the United States and Scotland since 1990. The unidentified craft is described as resembling an American bomber from the 1960s, specifically the XB 70. It reportedly generates a deep, rhythmic sound, which specialists attribute to 'acoustic pulses' bouncing off its own shockwave as it breaks the sound barrier. The article speculates that this could be a secret NASA hypersonic bomber project, commissioned by the Pentagon for hyper-fast transport, capable of circling the Earth in hours and reaching speeds of six to seven times the speed of sound. NASA remains silent on this possibility.

Abattu à cause de ses amis extra-terrestres

This section details the tragic death of Jean Migères, who was shot and killed by his father-in-law in Lyon. Migères was known in UFO enthusiast circles for his writings and a television appearance. His story began in 1969 after a severe car accident in Perpignan, during which he was clinically dead three times. He claimed to have had near-death experiences involving hallucinations and contact with extraterrestrials. He stated a voice told him he would survive and later, a "black disk" visited him in the hospital. According to Migères, beings from a planet named Khrichta chose him to prepare for the arrival of "superior beings" on Earth. He also claimed the "supreme chief of intergalactic armies," named Strobe, possessed him and gave him a secret code. Following his recovery, Migères developed powers as a healer, magnetizer, and radiesthetist. He later moved to Reunion Island, where he reportedly met extraterrestrials daily. In 1988, he founded CEIRUS (European Centre for Initiation to Ufological Research) in Lyon. In 1991, he faced legal issues in Auxerre, being convicted for practicing medicine without a diploma. His father-in-law, fearing Migères' intention to move to South America with his wife and child, shot him, reportedly out of desperation and concern that Migères was a "madman."

Valensole: 25 ans après !

This article revisits the famous UFO sighting that occurred in Valensole, France, in the summer of 1965. Maurice Masse, a farmer, reported witnessing an ovoid object land in his lavender field at 5:45 AM on July 1st. He described two strange beings, about the size and build of an eight-year-old child, with large, bald skulls, no eyebrows, small mouths, and atrophied chins, examining the lavender plants. Masse approached them, feeling no fear but rather a sense of immobilization and hearing murmurs. The beings entered their craft through a sliding door, reappeared behind a transparent dome, and the object ascended, lifting itself on six rotating legs before shooting off towards Manosque at high speed. The gendarmes who investigated the scene found the ground hardened, a cylindrical hole 40 cm deep and 18 cm in diameter, with four furrows extending from it, and scorched lavender plants. Initial soil analyses revealed a high calcium content that decreased with distance from the site. The ground remained infertile for two years. Masse himself experienced intense drowsiness for four days afterward, sleeping over 14 hours a day. Psychiatric evaluations found him to be of sound mind.

Correspondence and Research Organizations

Several pages are dedicated to correspondence and information from ufological research organizations:

• AURA-Z (Scientific Research Centre): Based in Moscow, Russia, AURA-Z was founded in December 1991 and focuses on UFOlogy, parapsychology, and alternative medicine. They collect information, interview witnesses, study supposed UFO landing sites, and explore phenomena related to human potential and alternative treatments. Starting in 1993, they announced the publication of a Russian quarterly journal called "AURAZ," which would be translated into six languages, including French, Spanish, Italian, German, and English. They expressed a desire to collaborate with interested individuals and organizations, seeking to exchange publications and information.

• MAGONIA (Ufologie & Phénomènes Connexes): This French association, based in Marseille, is involved in ufology and related phenomena. Correspondence with Monsieur Eric Maillot discusses the progress of "Projet Licorne," a document that will be revised and published in a new version in January 1992. MAGONIA aims to gather opinions, expand its network of collaborators, and refine technical aspects of participation. They also discuss the modular nature of their documentation, allowing users to request specific sections. A specific case from BERTRE (81) is mentioned, with a request for information on how to codify the investigation. They also address the Savasse case, questioning the assertion of "no physical effect on the soil structure" without proper analysis and noting the potential for ambiguity in the "description" field of their documentation.

• Letter to Monsieur Maillot: A letter dated May 30, 1991, from CALMEL of MAGONIA to Monsieur Maillot, apologizes for a mail delay due to a computer system change. It includes a complete report of the SAVASSE investigation and requested information. MAGONIA expresses appreciation for collaboration on IT projects and specifically requests input on the "projet licozine."

• Savasse Observation Analysis: A detailed analysis of the Savasse (Drôme) observation from April 11, 1990, is provided. It examines the astronomical conditions, particularly the position of the Moon, at the time of the observation. The analysis concludes that the Moon was below the horizon and not visible during the reported observation period, thus not explaining the phenomenon witnessed.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs, with scientific inquiry and eyewitness testimony. There's a clear interest in both contemporary sightings and historical cases, such as the Valensole incident. The publication also highlights the efforts of research organizations like AURA-Z and MAGONIA, showcasing their methodologies and collaborative approaches. The editorial stance appears to be one of open investigation, presenting various accounts and theories while also engaging in critical analysis, as seen in the Savasse case review. The magazine encourages collaboration and the sharing of information within the ufological community.

Title: TRAIT D'UNION
Issue: n°9
Publisher: Association MAGONIA
Date: November 1990 (cover date for Peronnas observation, other articles date from 1990-1991)

This issue of TRAIT D'UNION, a bulletin from Association MAGONIA, focuses on detailed investigations and critiques of unexplained aerial phenomena (UAP) cases, primarily from France. It challenges official explanations and highlights inconsistencies in reports, advocating for a more rigorous and honest approach to ufology.

Case Study: The Bernay Crater (July 6, 1990)

The lead article, "IL Y A DEUX ANS, A BERNAY (Eure) : L'ATTERRISSAGE D'UN MENSONGE..." by J.Pierre CALMEL, revisits the incident near Bernay where a circular trace, approximately 20 meters in diameter and 2.50 meters deep with a central mound of earth, was discovered after an explosion. The gendarmes, unable to explain it, called upon SEPRA (Service d'Etude des Phénomènes de Rentrées Atmosphériques). SEPRA's conclusion was that a World War II bomb had exploded six meters underground. Calmel strongly disputes this, arguing that such an explosion could not create the observed crater shape, particularly the central mound. He posits that the mound is indicative of an impact, not an underground explosion, suggesting that SEPRA deliberately misrepresented the facts. The article lists several questions challenging the bomb hypothesis, including the lack of communication about metal fragment analysis, the unusual deployment of armed gendarmes, and the failure to explain the central mound.

The article contrasts the "Version de l'Explosion" with the "Version de l'Impact," asserting that the presence of the central mound proves an impact occurred. It criticizes SEPRA's "tetraédrique à raccourcis" method for ignoring inconvenient evidence. A newspaper clipping from "LE PROVENCAL" dated July 13, 1990, is included, which also reports on the crater and SEPRA's bomb explanation, noting the discovery of metal fragments at a depth of four meters and an unexplained explosion.

Case Study: Saint-Firmin (August 15-16, 1991)

Another significant section is dedicated to the Saint-Firmin (Hautes-Alpes) case, presented as a "Complément d'Enquête" by Association MAGONIA. This investigation directly challenges an article by Joël Mesnard in L.D.L.N. (issue 312) which suggested the phenomenon filmed by witnesses Michel and Marie-France Gonéra was merely the moon. TRAIT D'UNION meticulously debunks this by cross-referencing astronomical data (ephemerides) with topographical information and witness testimony.

The analysis focuses on the film taken by the Gonéra family. The magazine argues that the observed phenomenon occurred between 22h and 22h15 local time on August 16, 1991. Their calculations, based on the location's longitude (6°02'), indicate that the moon would have been setting or already set at that time, and its calculated altitude and azimuth do not match the observed phenomenon's position behind the "Faraut" mountain. The article points out that L.D.L.N.'s calculations are based on an incorrect time and longitude, leading to flawed conclusions about the moon's visibility.

• Further points of contention include:
• The Moon's Position: The article asserts that the moon was not visible from the observation point at the time of the event, citing precise ephemerides and topographical data.
• Movement: The observed phenomenon exhibited rapid, complex movements, including vertical ascents and descents, and apparent disappearances and reappearances, which are inconsistent with the slow, predictable movement of the moon.
• Film Analysis: Professional analysis of the film at the ACROPOLIS center in Nice revealed no evidence of the moon. The analysis highlighted unusual aspects of the phenomenon's movement and appearance, such as a lenticular shape and rapid maneuvers, which could not be explained by camera artifacts (like blooming or comet tail effects on older CCD cameras, which were ruled out for the specific camera used) or simple observer error.
• Witness Testimony: The witnesses consistently described a phenomenon distinct from the moon, and their testimony remained consistent even when re-interviewed eight days later.

The article concludes that conventional explanations, including the moon, cannot account for the observed and filmed phenomenon in Saint-Firmin, reinforcing its unidentified nature.

Other Cases and Commentary

• Peronnas (01) Observation (November 5, 1990): The cover features a reconstitution of an observation from Peronnas, with a brief mention that a detailed report is on page 6. The inset image shows a circular object photographed in Hainaut, Belgium, which was only visible after film development.
• Eric Maillot's Letter: A letter from Eric Maillot, dated March 26, 1991, is included. Maillot criticizes the analysis presented in TRAIT D'UNION regarding the Savasse case (mentioned in previous issues), accusing the magazine of misunderstanding his calculations and of being biased towards UAP explanations. He defends his use of ephemerides and argues that witness testimony can be unreliable, suggesting a reconstruction of events from video footage is a good idea. He also corrects a geographical detail, stating the mountain is named "DE FERAUD" and not "DU FARAUD."
• Rectificatif: A postscript from Eric Maillot, dated March 30, 1993, provides a correction regarding magnetic north declination values, acknowledging an error in his previous letter and confirming the mountain's name as DE FARAUT on Michelin maps.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

TRAIT D'UNION consistently adopts a critical stance towards official explanations for UAP phenomena, particularly those provided by organizations like SEPRA. The magazine champions detailed, evidence-based investigations and emphasizes the importance of witness testimony, even when it contradicts conventional wisdom. There is a clear skepticism towards "debunking" efforts that dismiss phenomena without thorough analysis. The editorial stance favors exploring the possibility of genuine unidentified phenomena, while also engaging in rigorous debate with dissenting viewpoints, as seen in the exchange with Eric Maillot. The publication appears to be part of a larger network of ufological associations, indicated by references to L.D.L.N. and other publications.

This issue of FALCON 3.0, dated August 16, 1991, serves as a comprehensive training manual for the flight simulator, focusing on combat aviation and radar systems. It is primarily in French and appears to be a technical guide for pilots.

Table of Contents and Key Articles

SECTION V: ECOLE DE COMBAT AERIEN (AIR COMBAT SCHOOL)

This section delves into the practical aspects of aerial combat within the Falcon 3.0 simulation.

• Mise à feu d'une arme (Firing a Weapon): Explains how to fire weapons using the spacebar, applicable to both air-to-air (A-A) and air-to-ground (A-G) munitions.
• Changement de cibles (Target Switching): Details the use of the 'T' key to cycle through multiple targets, crucial for prioritizing threats in combat.
• Localisation de l'ennemi (Locating the Enemy): Introduces the three primary systems for enemy detection: Radar, Danger Indicator, and HUD (Head-Up Display). It begins by explaining the Electro-Optical Radar screen.
• Ecran/Radar Electro-Optique (Electro-Optical Radar Screen): Describes the radar display, focusing on the numbers visible and how to interpret them. It instructs the user to pause the simulation when a green blip appears.
• Observation du radar (Radar Observation): Reviews basic concepts of radar display, including the F-16's position on the screen and how enemy aircraft appear and move. It explains how a square turns into a diamond when locked onto.
• Portée du radar (Radar Range): Discusses how the radar automatically adjusts its scanning range between 20 and 10 miles based on target proximity.
• Symboles de l'écran électro-optique (Electro-Optical Screen Symbols): Explains the symbols and data displayed on the radar screen, such as '10 SAM' (Situation Awareness Mode), and details the meaning of enemy altitude, heading, speed, aspect angle, and bearing.
• Angle d'aspect (Aspect Angle): Defines the angle relative to the enemy aircraft's nose and tail, crucial for tactical positioning.
• Altitude de l'ennemi (Enemy Altitude): The altitude displayed in thousands of feet.
• Cap de l'ennemi (Enemy Heading): The direction the enemy aircraft is flying.
• Vitesse de vol (Airspeed): The enemy aircraft's speed in knots.
• Relèvement de l'ennemi (Enemy Bearing): The compass direction from the F-16 to the enemy aircraft.
• Distance de l'ennemi (Enemy Distance): The distance to the enemy aircraft.
• Vitesse de rapprochement (Closing Speed): Indicates whether the distance between the F-16 and the enemy is decreasing or increasing.
• En quoi cela me concerne-t-il? (Why does this concern me?): Emphasizes the importance of understanding each radar display element for effective combat.
• Système d'Alerte (Alert System): Introduces the Alert System, comprising the Alert Table and Danger Indicator, which warn of nearby threats like radar-guided missiles.

SECTION VIII: VOL (FLIGHT)

This section continues the technical guide, focusing on flight and radar operations.

• Balayages azimuth et d'altitude (Azimuth and Altitude Scans): Explains how to manually control the radar's horizontal (azimuth) and vertical (altitude) scanning patterns using keys like F9 and F10. It details different scan angles and bar settings.
• Histoire de la cible (Target History): Describes a feature that tracks the last three positions of a target, helping to determine its speed and direction.
• Comment utiliser le mode NAM (How to Use NAM Mode): Details the NAM (Normal) mode, a basic radar mode with a default range of 20 nm, used for general situational awareness.
• Cadre d'Acquisition et Barre de Recherche d'Altitude de la Cible (Acquisition Frame and Target Altitude Search Bar): Explains how to use the 'T' key to move the acquisition frame between targets and how the altitude search bar indicates target altitude.
• Situation Awareness Mode (SAM): Describes the SAM mode, which provides detailed information on a locked-on target while maintaining a broader radar sweep. It explains how to lock onto a target using the 'Z' key and how to break lock using 'X'.
• Single Target Track Mode (STT): Details the STT mode, which locks onto a single target, displaying its information exclusively and alerting the enemy to being targeted.
• Mode Carte Terrestre (Terrain Map Mode): Explains the ground-mapping radar mode, used for navigation and identifying terrain features like rivers and buildings. It offers different zoom levels and terrain representations.
• Mode de Manœuvre de Combat Aérien (ACM - Air Combat Maneuvering Mode): Describes the ACM mode, which automatically locks onto the closest target within a 10 nm range, essentially a simplified STT mode.
• IFF (Identification Alliés et Ennemis - Identification of Allies and Enemies): Explains the IFF system, used to identify whether a radar echo is from a friendly or enemy aircraft by sending a signal and listening for a response.
• Carte de Navigation REO (Navigation Map REO): Introduces a navigation map display showing the aircraft's position, base, and waypoints.

SECTION XV: REFERENCE

• Modèles de Vol (Flight Models): Discusses the different flight models available in Falcon 3.0, ranging from simplified to high-fidelity, emphasizing the realism of the High Fidelity model.
• Radar: Briefly mentions the Westinghouse APG-66 radar and its capabilities, including 'look-down/shoot-down' operations and the importance of BVR (Beyond Visual Range) interceptions.
• Terrain: Describes the terrain simulation, noting the use of real-world terrain data and the option for different levels of detail and performance.
• Vos Ailiers (Your Wingmen): Highlights the importance of wingmen and teamwork in combat, and how the simulation incorporates AI wingmen that can be given orders.
• ACMI (Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation): Explains the ACMI system, a flight data recorder used for analyzing combat maneuvers and tactics, similar to real-world military systems.

Other Content

• Page 1: Features astronomical data for the Moon on August 16, 1991, including latitude, longitude, date, time, and sidereal time. It also lists lunar parameters like Right Ascension, Declination, Altitude, and Azimuth. A sketch depicts a mountain silhouette partially obscuring the Moon, labeled 'Montagne de Férand'.
• Page 54: Contains a diagram of the F-16's control panel and a note about why certain numbers might indicate the target's position relative to the aircraft or the target itself, referencing a 'vidéo F16'.
• Page 164-165: Lists various radio callouts and their meanings, such as 'Magic!', 'Bandit!', and 'Flame out!', related to in-flight situations and threats.
• Page 167: Includes a handwritten note in French: "Chapeau! Etre pilote de chasse c'est pas du gâteau! On comprend que les pilotes de la FAB se soient plaints de manquer d'heures d'entraînement... Peur, être la cause de cafouillages?"
• Page 168: Features a handwritten note: "Note: Dans cette simulation sont indur der Filt Pour les rencontres... En st..."
• Page 171: Contains a handwritten note in French: "Chapeau! Etre pilote de chasse c'est pas du gâteau! On comprend que les pilotes de la FAB se soient plaints de manquer d'heures d'entraînement... Peur, être la cause de cafouillages?"

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine strongly emphasizes realistic simulation and advanced tactical training for fighter pilots. The editorial stance is educational and instructional, aiming to equip players with the knowledge and skills to effectively operate the F-16 within the Falcon 3.0 environment. There's a clear focus on the technical intricacies of radar systems and flight dynamics. The inclusion of a UAP sighting suggests an interest in contemporary unexplained phenomena within the context of military aviation. The overall tone is serious and informative, reflecting the complexity of modern aerial combat and simulation.

Title: Tosange
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Date: Night of March 30-31 (likely 1980, inferred from context of similar publications)
Publisher: SOBEPS (Société Belge d'Études des Phénomènes Spatiaux)
Country: France (inferred from language and publisher)
Language: French

Main Article: F-16 Radar Pursuit of a UAP

The primary content of this issue is a photographic analysis of radar recordings from F-16 fighter jets during a pursuit of an unidentified flying object (UAP), referred to as an 'ovni' (objet volant non identifié) in French. The event took place on the night of March 30-31.

Radar Data Interpretation

The article, authored by Marie-Thérèse de Brosses, explains the information displayed on the F-16's radar screen. Two images are presented, captured seconds apart. In the first image (left side of the page), the UAP's successive positions are marked by small squares, indicating its flight path prior to being locked onto.

Once the pilot targeted the UAP, the radar automatically focused on it, and the symbol representing the object changed to a diamond (losange). Small vertical bars surrounding the diamond indicate that the pilot has designated the target to the computer, ensuring the radar remains locked onto it. This process is described as the computer being programmed to continuously track the designated target.

F-16 Flight Information

At the center of the screen, the letter 'W' represents the flight axis of the F-16. The heading of the F-16 is indicated below this as 256°29, which corresponds to a west-southwest direction. The bars on either side of the 'W' symbolize the artificial horizon, providing the pilot with orientation.

The word 'AIR' displayed at the top of the screen signifies that the radar is configured for an 'air-to-air' search mode. This mode is specifically designed for detecting aerial targets.

Context and Source

The photos themselves are identified as photocopies of photos from the SOBEPS archives. The article provides a technical explanation of the radar display, aiming to clarify the visual data captured during this encounter. The left side of the page shows 'Partie gauche relative' (relative left part) and 'Partie droite à la ruthe' (right part to the ruthe - likely a transcription error or technical term). The bottom left indicates 'Version du PR Meeiten' and 'Alt; Arionfib', possibly referring to the source or type of recording.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue focuses on a specific UFO/UAP sighting supported by technical evidence (radar data). The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and explanation of phenomena, utilizing military technology and data to analyze encounters. The magazine aims to educate its readers on interpreting such evidence, as demonstrated by the detailed breakdown of the radar screen's functions and symbols. The use of photocopies from archives suggests a commitment to documenting and preserving evidence related to unexplained aerial phenomena.