1991 11 00 Science et Vie No 890

Magazine Overview

This issue of SCIENCE & VIE, dated November 1991, number 890, features a striking cover image of a whale breaching, with a submarine and dolphins below the water. The main headline proclaims 'LE SONAR QUI TUE' (Sonar That Kills), suggesting an article on the dangers of sonar technology. Other prominent cover stories include 'La Terre a des anneaux' (The Earth has rings) and 'Ovnis : une nouvelle piste' (UFOs: a new lead).

Un Ummite à Science & Vie

The lead article, titled 'UN UMMITE A SCIENCE & VIE', details an investigation into the presence of extraterrestrials, referred to as 'Ummites', on Earth. The article draws upon two recently published books: 'La Conspiration des étoiles' by Martine Castello, Philippe Chambon, Isabelle Blanc, and 'Enquête sur les extraterrestres qui sont parmi nous' by Jean-Pierre Petit. Science & Vie's own inquiry, aided by Pr André Langaney from the University of Geneva and the Musée de l'Homme, reportedly uncovered irrefutable proof of an Ummite's presence in Paris.

The article recounts how the magazine's team, particularly through their collaborator Jean Ferrara, discovered extraordinary prescience in his predictions of scientific breakthroughs, including the discovery of the 'pilon' particle by Schwarzenegger. Ferrara's unusual traits, such as a chronic laryngitis, extreme aversion to sunlight, and an exceptionally acute sense of smell, are presented as potential indicators of his non-human origin. The narrative builds to a moment on September 16th when Ferrara exclaims 'EXAABI ADO AAKBOUTZ' after leaving the toilet. This phrase is later deciphered from an 'Ummo dictionary' as potentially meaning 'bathroom' (EXAABI) and 'methane engine' (AAKBOUTZ), with 'ADO' possibly being a verb. The team noted that the bathroom smelled of methane.

Further details about Ummites are presented, including their human-like appearance, a possible genetic trait related to melanin, and an atrophied epiglottis, which might explain Ferrara's chronic throat issues. Their hyperosmia (heightened sense of smell) is cited as the reason for Ferrara's ability to detect pregnancy through shoe odor. The article also mentions that Ummites' sensitivity is located in their extremities, with their fingers capable of distinguishing electromagnetic radiation and their palms being photosensitive, which might explain Ferrara reading by touch during a power outage.

The article includes a photograph of the Science & Vie editorial team, with a note that Jean Ferrara is not present as he was on assignment. The magazine offers this document to the authors of the books on Ummites.

Anatomical, Psychic, Behavioral, Chromosomal, and Molecular Examination of Subject J. F.

A detailed report from the Centre de biologie galactique (LGBCBG) at the Musée de l'Homme examines Jean Ferrara (J. F.), the alleged Ummite. The examination revealed that J. F. exhibited disordered behavior when his umbilical area was approached or when a navel was perceived. He displayed a range of skin colors (erythème pudibond polychrome) and reacted differently based on the examiner's sex. Male examiners triggered flight responses, while female collaborators elicited pre-nuptial behavior. The examination of his umbilical area, in place of a navel, revealed primary female sexual attributes topped by a male element, while the rest of his anatomy was human and masculine. The report speculates that Ummites may not lack sexual instinct but have different preferences, not aligning with human anatomies or deodorants.

Crucially, the chromosomal and molecular analysis of J. F.'s blood revealed he possesses 69 chromosomes per cell, instead of the typical 46. His DNA structure is a triple helix, which can condense under the action of a retro-adenotri-polymerase (RATPase) previously detected only in sloths. This finding is linked to observations of triple chromosomal spindles in triploid human cells. The report suggests Ummite fertilization requires three partners, each contributing 23 chromosomes, possibly through a double traumatic insemination, similar to some hemiptera. The triple helix DNA's affinity for nervous system mediators like L-Dopa and a specific histone (histone d) is noted, implying a direct link between their genetic heritage and nervous system, explaining their exceptional perceptive and cognitive abilities.

The report concludes with several unanswered questions regarding Ummite sexual biology, pregnancy, inter-fertilization, and the possibility of Homo sapiens gametes participating in triple fertilization. The researchers express a desire to further explore J. F.'s internal anatomy, but he refuses collaboration.

Les Avions-Espions Qu'on Prend Pour Des "Ovnis"

This section, titled 'LES AVIONS-ESPIONS QU'ON PREND POUR DES "OVNIS"' (Spy Planes Mistaken for 'UFOs'), discusses a wave of nocturnal 'UFO' sightings over Belgium in November. Initially thought to be the stealth aircraft Lockheed F-117A, the sightings are now attributed to more unusual craft from 'Black Programs', known to only 2% of the US Congress. Similar sightings in California and Nevada involved high-altitude lights moving at fantastic speeds. Technical information suggests the US possesses a family of 'stealth' reconnaissance aircraft, undetectable by radar, capable of flying at speeds up to six times the speed of sound.

The TR-3 'Black Manta', described as invisible to the US Air Force, is said to have spied on Saddam Hussein's forces during 'Desert Storm' from Saudi Arabia. To maintain its stealth, this subsonic reconnaissance aircraft with a long range (5,500 km) transmits data via a relay aircraft (Lockheed TR-1) or a satellite to a ground station, which then communicates with F-117A tactical support aircraft for surgical strikes, such as destroying mobile missile batteries.

The article traces the development of stealth aircraft, starting with the CSIRS (Covert Survivable In-weather Reconnaissance and Strike) program aimed at providing all-weather penetration aircraft for reconnaissance and tactical support. The SR-71 Blackbird, a hypersonic reconnaissance aircraft, has been retired due to its vulnerability to missiles, despite its speed and altitude capabilities. The article questions the official reasons for its retirement, suggesting a more formidable, secret successor.

Reports from May 1989 describe a mysterious triangular aircraft flying in formation with F-117A Stealth Fighters near Edwards Air Force Base in California. In May 1990, a similarly shaped, large aircraft was observed in the Tehachapi Mountains. The article notes that these sightings, along with others in California and Nevada, have led to speculation about secret US combat aircraft in service.

Specialists believe the mysterious aircraft is the TR-3A Black Manta, a subsonic reconnaissance plane developed by Northrop. Approximately twenty-five to thirty units are reportedly stationed at Holloman (New Mexico) and Tonopah (Nevada) bases, concealed alongside F-117A Black Jets. These aircraft may have participated in 'Desert Storm' operations for reconnaissance of Scud missile sites.

The article details the technical aspects of the TR-3A Black Manta, which features a delta wing design with rounded extremities, similar to the flying wing B-2 bomber, for enhanced stealth. It is powered by two modified General Electric F-404 turboreactors, producing reduced noise levels. The exhaust nozzles are positioned above the wing to minimize sonic and infrared signatures. The aircraft is equipped with optronic reconnaissance sensors for real-time data transmission to tactical command centers or other spy planes like the TR-1, or encrypted military communication satellites.

The TR-3A Black Manta is capable of tactical and strategic reconnaissance missions over distances exceeding 5,500 km with aerial refueling. It is believed to serve as a scout for the B-2 bomber in specific attack missions. The article also mentions the retirement of the SR-71A Blackbird, the last of which was delivered to the Dryden Flight Research Facility. The SR-71's retirement is attributed to high operational costs and organizational complexity, though the article suggests other, more advanced successors might exist.

Further details on stealth aircraft development are provided, including early concepts like the V-tailed bomber and delta-wing designs. The article mentions the A-12 Avenger II, a carrier-based stealth attack aircraft program that was abandoned in 1990 due to budget issues, but whose prototypes may have contributed to the wave of UFO sightings. The article also discusses the Pratt & Whitney J-58 engine, used in the SR-71, and the development of advanced engines like the turbo-statoréacteur for future high-speed aircraft.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly leans into themes of mystery, advanced technology, and the potential for the unknown, particularly concerning extraterrestrial life and secret military projects. The editorial stance appears to be one of scientific inquiry, attempting to ground speculative topics like UFOs and alien encounters in scientific analysis, even if the findings are extraordinary (as in the case of Jean Ferrara's genetic profile). The magazine presents cutting-edge military aviation technology as a potential source of 'UFO' sightings, suggesting a rational explanation for some phenomena while simultaneously exploring the more speculative 'Ummites' narrative with a veneer of scientific investigation. The overall tone is one of revealing hidden truths, whether they lie in the depths of the ocean (sonar), the mysteries of genetics and alien life, or the classified realms of military aviation.

This issue of the magazine focuses on two main themes: the secret US military aircraft program codenamed 'Aurora' and the psychological aspects of Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) sightings. The cover prominently features a sleek, black, futuristic aircraft, hinting at advanced aerospace technology.

The 'Super-Black' Aurora Program

The article 'Demain : Aurora, une famille "Super-Black"' details the development of advanced aircraft by the US Air Force. The 'Aurora' program, also referred to as 'Project Fred', aims to produce hypersonic aircraft with a significantly extended operational range. These aircraft are envisioned for various roles, including ground attack, air interception, and importantly, as 'spy satellite killers,' which are considered easier to deploy than actual spy satellites. The program, which received substantial funding (80.1 million dollars for fiscal year 1986 and projected 2.272 billion dollars from 1987), was shrouded in secrecy, with initial information emerging from a congressional document.

Two experimental aircraft are mentioned as part of this program, reportedly being tested at Groom Lake, Nevada. One is a piloted aircraft (labeled '2' in an accompanying illustration) powered by a mixed turbo-reactor/stator-reactor system, capable of speeds exceeding Mach 5.8 and intercontinental range. The other is a non-piloted demonstrator (labeled '3') which would ignite its stator-reactor after takeoff and potentially fly upside down. The stator-reactor, a concept pioneered by René Leduc in the 1930s, is highlighted for its efficiency at high speeds, where it relies on the aircraft's forward motion for air compression rather than mechanical compressors.

The article also touches upon the SR-71 Blackbird, suggesting that the Aurora program is intended as its successor. The J-58-P4 engine of the SR-71, while powerful, would have required a supplementary 'thermo-propulsive nozzle' (stator-reactor) to achieve sustained hypersonic speeds. The article explains the principle of the stator-reactor, contrasting it with traditional turbo-reactors. It also mentions the French ASMP missile's propulsion system as an example of a thermopropulsive nozzle.

Further details emerge regarding Lockheed's 'Skunk Works' division, which was reportedly working on a 'definition' stage hypersonic aircraft program called UAB (Unmanned Air Breather). This program involved flight tests using a C-5B Galaxy as a mothership. In August 1988, Aviation Week & Space Technology confirmed an Air Force RFP for a SR-71 replacement, specifying speeds between Mach 5 and Mach 7 with non-cryogenic propulsion. Several major aerospace companies, including Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed, and General Electric, were reportedly involved in the competition.

The magazine also references sightings of advanced, stealthy aircraft flying at speeds over Mach 5 and at high altitudes (up to 33,500 m), which remain undetectable by radar. These are described as prototypes, one piloted and one not, with anecdotal evidence from witnesses near Groom Lake.

Illustrations include artistic renderings of the 'Super-Black' aircraft, a diagram of airflow at hypersonic speeds (labeled '6'), and images of the X-24B 'lifting body' aircraft ('4') and a Lockheed UAB mockup ('5').

UFOs and Illusions of the Brain

The second major section, 'LES OVNIS ET LES ILLUSIONS DU CERVEAU' (UFOs and Illusions of the Brain), shifts focus to the psychological and perceptual aspects of UFO sightings. It argues that perception is not always a direct reflection of reality and that the brain actively interprets sensory input based on pre-existing schemas and expectations.

Researcher Paolo Toselli's study of a 1979 sighting involving a balloon-sonde is cited. While most witnesses accurately described the object, 25% provided significantly different accounts, illustrating how individual interpretations can vary. The article emphasizes the danger of equating inaccurate testimonies with accurate ones.

It is suggested that many UFO reports are misidentifications of known celestial bodies, particularly Venus, which is often mistaken for a UFO when at its brightest. Physicist David I. Simpson's experiments are described, where controlled stimuli (a colored spotlight, a fake magnetic field detector) and photographic manipulation led observers to report seeing UFOs, even when none were present. This highlights the influence of suggestion and expectation on perception.

The article discusses the unreliability of witness testimonies regarding speed and distance, citing experiments by E. Loftus on the malleability of human memory and group influences on perception (M. Sherif). A study involving a film projection showed how viewers could 'remember' seeing a barn that was not present, especially if prompted.

Anecdotes illustrate how psychological states can lead to misinterpretations: a pilot mistaking Venus for a night fighter, radio astronomers mistaking an airplane's engine noise for a UFO, and a police officer mistaking an aluminum cattle trough for a landed UFO.

Nighttime sightings are particularly prone to error due to the difficulty in judging distance without reference points. The article also recounts instances of collective autosuggestion, where a group discussing UFOs suddenly perceives a light in the sky as an approaching craft, leading to heightened emotional responses and fabricated details.

Population and Poverty

A brief section titled 'DANS 60 ANS: 10 MILLIARDS DE PAUVRES' (In 60 Years: 10 Billion Poor) by Alexandre Dorozynski discusses demographic trends and poverty. It touches upon the debate surrounding population growth and contraception, mentioning the opposition to methods like RU 488. The article notes that in developing countries, infant mortality is higher when there are closely spaced pregnancies. It highlights a shift in government attitudes towards population control, with more countries recognizing the need to limit demographic growth due to national resource constraints. The piece concludes by suggesting that improved living standards and education can help curb population explosion, quoting a demographer who states, "We can no longer afford to have poor people."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to adopt a dual stance: one of fascination with cutting-edge military technology and the potential for future aerospace advancements (as seen in the Aurora coverage), and another of critical analysis regarding unsubstantiated claims, particularly in the realm of UFO phenomena. The editorial stance on UFOs leans towards skepticism, emphasizing scientific explanations rooted in psychology and perception rather than extraterrestrial visitation. The article on population and poverty offers a pragmatic, albeit somber, outlook on global challenges.

The recurring themes include technological innovation, military secrecy, the limits of human perception, and the complex interplay between individual psychology and collective belief systems. The magazine seems to aim at informing its readers about both the frontiers of science and technology and the critical evaluation of extraordinary claims.