The Researcher - No 02 - Vol 1 No 2 - Winter 1998

Magazine Overview

Title: THE RESEARCHER
Issue: #2
Date: Winter 1998
Publisher: Merseyside Anomalies Research Association (MARA)
Country: United Kingdom
Language: English
Cover Price: £2.00

This issue of "The Researcher" is a publication of the Merseyside Anomalies Research Association (MARA), a non-profit organization dedicated to the objective investigation of UFO and paranormal phenomena. The cover features a striking image of ancient stone ruins and highlights several key articles, including "The 1998 Prescot Scareship: An Urban Myth," "Hypnotic regression and 'abductions'," "The Haunting of Wycoller Hall," "Detecting physical alien craft," and "Spiritualism: a cruel act of deception?"

Editorial: The Voice

Anthony Eccles, the editor, reflects on the past year and the progress of MARA and "The Researcher." He notes that MARA is doing well by focusing on its work and avoiding organizational politics. The journal has received positive feedback, and the first issue is being reprinted due to demand. Dr. Carl Williams, a lecturer in psychology at Liverpool Hope University College, has joined as a consultant, and Eccles formally welcomes him. Eccles expresses disappointment with the fiftieth anniversary of ufology, citing poor attendance, politics, and commercialism at conferences. He criticizes some researchers for engaging in personal conflicts and exhibiting jealousy, suggesting they are not true researchers. Eccles observes a societal shift where people seek tangible realities in extra-terrestrial and alien life-forms rather than traditional sources of meaning like God or angels. The editorial highlights the issue's focus on 'abductions,' emphasizing concerns about the potential dangers of hypnotic regression on mental health, the subjectivity of such research, and the increasing legal risks for investigators. Eccles stresses the importance of a qualified professional approach and warns that hypnotic regression results may not be admissible in court due to a lack of evidence proving their reality.

Conference Details and Reviews

This section, written by MARA members, reviews the "When Worlds Collide" conference organized by the Lancashire UFO Society (LUFOS) on January 24th. While initially promising and well-attended by the public and various UFO groups, MARA members found the speakers too skeptical and cynical. The talks covered a range of UFO phenomena, from the "nuts and bolts" perspective to military cover-ups and self-deception within UFO organizations. Peter Brookesmith presented a talk on parallels between folklore, nightmares, and alien abductions, which was interesting but lacked visual aids. Jenny Randles shared new facts about the Rendlesham Forest case. Kevin McClure discussed the potential harmful use of regressive hypnosis in paranormal experiences. David Caton presented film footage of a large alleged UFO. Tim Matthews's presentation was criticized for being narrow-minded. The review notes that the conference was marred by internal politics and anonymous allegations against Tim Matthews, overshadowing the speakers and genuine interest.

'Spiritualism'. A cruel despicable act of deception or genuine contact with the dead?

By Colin John Veacock

This article critically examines the history of Spiritualism, beginning with the Fox sisters in 1884 who claimed contact with a spirit. Their story gained global attention, leading to a surge in Spiritualism, with millions of adherents by 1854. The movement attracted prominent figures, including politicians and royalty. However, in 1888, Margaret Fox confessed that the spirit rappings were a hoax, produced by clicking her knee bone. Veacock details other cases, such as William H. Mummler's spirit photographs, which, despite being crude double exposures, fooled many. Mummler was acquitted of fraud when a judge testified to seeing spirits. The article also discusses Alfred Russell Wallace's research into psychic photography and Eusapio Palladino's ability to produce images without a camera. Agnes Nichol (Mrs. Guppy) is mentioned for her alleged 'apports' of flowers. Margery Crandon's seance in the 1930s, intended to contact her deceased brother, was exposed when thumb prints on wax pads were found to belong to her dentist. Helen Duncan was fined for using a stuffed vest as ectoplasm. Harry Houdini investigated mediums after failing to contact his mother, questioning messages received. The article acknowledges some mediums like Rudi Schneider and Daniel Douglas Home who conducted seances under strict conditions without suspicion of fraud. However, it concludes that many claims of spiritualist mediums, when tested, have been found wanting, and that those who build reputations and fortunes through deception prey on the grief of others. Veacock believes in some form of existence after death but finds little evidence from current mediums.

Passive Detection of Aerial Phenomena (Part One)

By William Bimson

This article introduces methods for detecting aerial phenomena and estimating their size and velocity, focusing on "passive detection" which involves observing emitted light or radiation, unlike active detection methods like RADAR. Bimson outlines a hypothetical model for estimating the chances of seeing a UFO by making several assumptions, including perfectly clear skies, no light pollution, a 360-degree view, and that all UFOs emit light equivalent to a 500-watt flood lamp visible up to 100 km. The article presents a diagram of a "perfect detection hemisphere" and begins a calculation for the fraction of the sky an observer can monitor.

Other Articles and Sections

• About MARA: Details the founding and aims of the Merseyside Anomalies Research Association, emphasizing its non-profit, apolitical stance and its role in supporting research and providing a Witness Support Group. It lists affiliated organizations and group co-ordinators.
• "Spiritualism." A cruel despicable act of deception or genuine contact with the dead? (Detailed above)
• Passive detection of aerial phenomena (Detailed above)
• Wired for Wycoller by John L. Hall: This article likely discusses the haunting of Wycoller Hall.
• Stronger inference for the objective reality of 'UFO' abduction experiences by Mark J. Glover: This article likely explores evidence supporting the reality of UFO abduction experiences.
• Advertisements: A section for advertisements.
• A responsibility for the psychological welfare of witnesses by Kevin McClure: This article addresses the ethical considerations and responsibilities towards individuals who report paranormal or UFO experiences.
• An evening with Billy Roberts by Julie Boyd: This likely recounts an event or interview with Billy Roberts.
• A view on counselling by Sue McAllister: This article may discuss counselling in the context of paranormal experiences or general psychological well-being.
• New ufology by Andy Blunn: This article likely covers recent developments or perspectives in the field of ufology.
• An Urban Myth by Elaine Hannah: This article likely examines a specific urban myth.
• Blast from the past by Anthony Eccles: This is likely a historical piece related to paranormal or UFO events.
• The 1998 Prescot scareship by Julia and Mark Rosney: This article investigates the 'Prescot Scareship' event, framing it as an urban myth.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of "The Researcher" revolve around critical examination of paranormal claims, particularly Spiritualism and UFO phenomena. The editorial stance is one of cautious skepticism, emphasizing the need for objective investigation, evidence-based research, and ethical considerations, especially concerning the welfare of witnesses. There is a clear effort to debunk fraudulent claims while acknowledging the possibility of genuine anomalous experiences. The magazine promotes a rigorous approach to research, warning against sensationalism and unverified accounts. The focus on "The 1998 Prescot Scareship" as an urban myth and the critical analysis of Spiritualism underscore a commitment to discerning fact from fiction within the paranormal field.

This issue of UFO DATA MAGAZINE delves into the statistical probabilities of UFO sightings, the nature of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the practicalities of paranormal investigation, with a focus on historical hauntings at Wycoller Hall.

Calculations and Probability of Sightings

The article begins by presenting calculations to determine the likelihood of observing a UFO. It establishes that an observer can only monitor a small fraction of the sky (0.0000616) and then proceeds to calculate the chance of viewing a UFO under different scenarios. In an optimistic scenario, assuming 100 UFOs per hour and a 12-hour observation period, the chance is calculated as 0.07392, or approximately 1 in 13. A more realistic example is then presented, considering a field of view of 50 km, an area coverage of 7854 km², one UFO visit per day (N=1/24), 4 hours of observation (H=4), and only one in ten UFOs emitting visible light (L=10). Under these conditions, the chance of seeing a UFO is drastically reduced to 0.0000000257, or about 1 in 3,896,000.

The text acknowledges that the slim chances might deter observers but encourages looking up, citing the national lottery as an analogy for unexpected occurrences. It then addresses the question of why so many UFOs are observed despite these low probabilities, attributing it to the vast number of 'man-hours' spent observing the sky by the entire population. The calculations also assume random UFO visits, but the article suggests that aliens might be drawn to 'window areas' – locations that appear to attract UFOs for unknown reasons, with Runcorn cited as a local example.

The Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum and Detectors

The issue then shifts to the scientific aspects of detecting phenomena, starting with the electromagnetic spectrum. It explains that to describe this spectrum, very large or small numbers are used, necessitating the use of scientific notation. Scientific notation is defined as a shorthand method for writing numbers without long strings of zeros, using powers of 10. Examples are given, such as 10² = 100 and 10¹⁷ for one hundred thousand trillion.

The electromagnetic spectrum itself is described as the complete range of frequencies of all known electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, infra-red, visible light, ultra-violet, X-rays, and gamma rays. These waves have alternating electric and magnetic fields and travel at the speed of light, differing only in their frequency and interaction with matter. The frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), and the energy of a wave is directly proportional to its frequency.

The spectrum is broken down into low and high frequencies. Low frequencies (10⁴ to 10⁸ Hz) are radio waves used for communication and TV. Higher frequencies (10⁸ to 10¹¹ Hz) are used by radar and microwave ovens. Infra-red (IR) waves are in the range of 10¹¹ to 10¹⁴ Hz, felt as heat from an electric fire before it glows.

Visible light occupies a small portion of the EM spectrum (10¹⁴ to 10¹⁵ Hz), with white light being a mixture of colors and black being the absence of visible radiation. Ultra-violet (UV) radiation (10¹⁵ to 10¹⁷ Hz) is harmful to eyes and skin, causing sunburn. The article includes a safety warning about cheap sunglasses that may not offer UV protection, potentially allowing more UV radiation into the eyes. It references the case of Larry Warren, who reportedly suffered retinal eye burn from radiation outside the visible range during a sighting.

X-rays and gamma rays, discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen, have higher frequencies and energies, allowing them to penetrate objects opaque to visible light. They are used in medical imaging but have a side effect of ionizing atoms, which can lead to cancer. Gamma rays are similar to X-rays but originate from the nucleus of atoms, whereas X-rays originate from electron shells. The frequency range for X-rays and gamma rays is 10¹⁷ to 10²² Hz.

The article emphasizes that UFOs might emit radiation outside the visible spectrum, making them appear black to human eyes if those eyes only perceive a narrow band of frequencies. Therefore, instrumentation is needed to detect other forms of radiation.

Several types of EM radiation detectors are discussed. Passive infra-red (PIR) detectors, commonly used in burglar alarms, can detect heat up to a range of 150 meters for an object radiating heat equivalent to 10,000 human beings. A simple and inexpensive detector for UV radiation is soap powder, which fluoresces visible violet light when exposed to UV. Standard camera film can detect X-rays, as historically, airport security X-rays could fog film. Geiger counters are recommended for real-time detection of X and gamma rays. Radio scanners and portable radios are also mentioned for detecting radio waves.

Paranormal Investigations at Wycoller Hall

The latter part of the magazine focuses on a paranormal investigation at the ruined Wycoller Hall, situated in a country park near Colne and Trawden in North Lancashire. The history of Wycoller Hall is detailed, including its origins in the early sixteenth century, the presence of a twelfth-century footbridge, and its inspiration for Charlotte Bronte's Ferdean Hall in 'Jane Eyre'. The article mentions the Hartley family as original builders and the Cunliffe family as later inhabitants, known for their country pursuits and a rumored marriage to a black West Indian woman, whom Squire Cunliffe allegedly murdered.

Local legends associated with Wycoller Hall include a spectral horseman in Stuart period clothing who re-enacts a murder annually, a phantom coach and horses, a 'guytrash' or black dog, and a black lady ghost seen wandering the ruins, possibly linked to the murdered West Indian bride. These stories are said to have unreliable foundations but are part of local folklore.

The investigation team, led by Colin Veacock, comprised seven people and a dog named Ben. Their aim was to objectively capture anomalies using audio and video instruments and to gauge the team's sensory perceptions. The team arrived around 9:30 pm and set up equipment, including automatic cameras, a mounted video camera, motion sensors, thermometers, and Shure microphones connected to a portable audio recorder. The equipment was set up in a fireplace alcove.

During the 'vigil', the team experienced activity from midges and used torches to navigate the ruins. John Hall monitored the microphones and video, picking up sounds of cattle, sheep, crows, owls, a jet aeroplane, and distant cars. Occasional thumps and whispering noises were heard. A motion sensor was triggered, but it turned out to be a false alarm caused by a team member checking equipment. John Hall reported seeing a small child run within the ruins, but suggested it could have been tired eyes.

Julie Boyd, a team member who was unwell, claimed to have heard a noise like a cracking whip and an accompanying scream, which were familiar to the Hall's history. These noises had also been recorded by Colin Veacock on a previous visit.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of scientific inquiry and unexplained phenomena. It attempts to apply mathematical and scientific principles, such as probability calculations and the explanation of the electromagnetic spectrum, to understand UFOs. Simultaneously, it delves into folklore, historical accounts of hauntings, and paranormal investigations, suggesting that there may be phenomena beyond current scientific understanding. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-mindedness, encouraging investigation and the use of both scientific tools and anecdotal evidence to explore mysteries. The use of scientific notation and EM detectors highlights a desire to quantify and measure the unexplainable.

This issue of FATE Magazine, dated November 1997, features a prominent article by Mark J. Glover titled "Stronger inference for the objective reality of UFO abduction experiences." The magazine also includes a report on an investigation at Wycoller Hall, with accompanying photographs.

Investigation at Wycoller Hall

The article details an overnight investigation at Wycoller Hall, involving a team that included Elaine Hannah, Tony Eccles, Sue McAllister, John L. Hall, Billy McGarry, Julie Boyd, and Colin Veacock. The primary goal of this exercise was to train team members in observation techniques and to assess how easily tired minds might misinterpret phenomena. The dog accompanying the team reacted strangely on two occasions, once appearing uncomfortable near a fireplace alcove and later waking and growling at a sigh heard by the team.

Anomalous sounds, described as clear knocks, thumps, and a 'sigh', were recorded, distinct from background noise and midges. Photographs taken during the investigation captured 'floating' white globes, which the authors note could be lens flares but coincidentally appeared in areas where microphones had picked up the strange sounds. The team packed up at 4.30 am due to approaching rain. The conclusion drawn from the stay was that one event seemed genuinely strange, while the overall exercise was successful as a training experience.

Upon examination of audio and video tapes, only the audio tapes yielded interesting sounds that could not be accounted for, as they were recorded in monitored areas without other people present. The area reportedly became unusually silent during the detection of these anomalous sounds. Video footage did not capture anything unusual.

References are provided for Wycoller Hall, Lancashire Legends, and Lancashire Ghosts and Legends. John L. Hall is identified as an investigative member of paranormal groups like ASSAP and NARO, and Treasurer and joint Co-ordinator to MARA, who researches paranormal events and folklore history on the Isle of Man with Elaine Hannah.

Photographs from July 1996, taken by Colin Veacock and members of Ghost Quest and the Society for Psychical Research during an on-site investigation of the Wycoller Hall ruins, are presented. One photograph shows a 'typical anomaly' explained as a camera rope, while another offers a view of the Great Hall where MARA had set up equipment. A subsequent investigation by MARA on July 12th, 1997, also captured anomalies, possibly lens flares, using a 34mm Olympus Trip AF camera.

Stronger Inference for the Objective Reality of UFO Abduction Experiences

Mark J. Glover's article challenges the view that hypnotic regression is an unreliable method for obtaining information about UFO abduction experiences (CE4s), acknowledging its flaws but proposing three 'reality probes' to determine the possible reality of such accounts. These probes are:

1. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in UFO abductees: Glover suggests that if CE4s have physical effects, abductees might exhibit PTSD symptoms, similar to those experienced after severe physical trauma.
2. 'Chill factors' within their story: These are elements that send a shiver or tingle down the spine, making a case salient. Examples include the intense fear of abductees like Herb Schirmer and Betty and Barney Hill, the 'bright flash' reported at the start of some CE4 cases (noted by John Keel), and the entities' unnerving eyes.
3. Undiscovered truths revealed within the incident: This refers to information revealed during an abduction experience that the witness could not have known at the time, suggesting an external source. Examples include the star-map shown to the Hills, which purportedly matched stars discovered later, and the entities taking skin scrapings, a method akin to DNA fingerprinting developed decades later.

Glover argues that these 'chill factors', such as Schirmer's fear, his use of the term 'watchman', and the entities' concern about his gun, suggest a reality beyond subconscious fabrication. He notes that smell, like the 'cheese' scent reported by Strieber, is rarely a feature of dreams. The entities' fascination with Barney Hill's false teeth and Schirmer's observation that the craft was cold are also cited as subtle environmental details suggesting objective reality.

The article discusses PTSD in detail, linking it to physical trauma from disasters, accidents, abuse, and war. It lists common PTSD symptoms like flashbacks, headaches, insomnia, nightmares, obsessive behavior, and physical changes. Glover posits that if CE4s are real and traumatic, PTSD should be present, helping to differentiate them from fantasised accounts. He also mentions that US psychiatrists use PTSD to distinguish genuine abuse cases from implanted memories.

The 'undiscovered truths' probe is exemplified by the Betty and Barney Hill star-map and skin scraping incident, suggesting knowledge beyond human science at the time. The Dogan tribe's ancient knowledge of the Sirius star system from amphibious beings is also mentioned as a parallel example of external, ancient knowledge transfer.

Glover concludes that when these three reality probes are combined with objective evidence like radar tracking, they constitute 'strong inference' for the reality of UFO abduction phenomena. He acknowledges that hypnotic regression can be flawed but urges against discarding the evidence entirely, comparing it to the continued use of diamorphine for pain relief despite its misuse.

References and Support Groups

References are provided for Herb Schirmer's hypnotic transcript and research on retrograde amnesia. Mark Glover's credentials as a BA Combined Honours graduate in Psychology and Biology, an MSc in Evolutionary Psychology, and a registered nurse are listed. He is also involved with MARA's Witness Support Group, which aims to provide a safe space for witnesses to express their experiences without fear of ridicule, functioning as a peer support group rather than a counselling service. Contact information for Mark Glover and Paul Rogers, co-ordinators of the Witness Support Group, is provided.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the investigation of paranormal phenomena, specifically UFO abduction experiences. The editorial stance, as presented by Mark J. Glover, is one of seeking objective evidence and rational analysis for these experiences, moving beyond simple dismissal of witness testimony or hypnotic regression. There is a clear emphasis on the potential for these experiences to hold significant meaning and information about reality, even if the methods of inquiry are controversial or imperfect. The magazine advocates for a thorough examination of evidence, including psychological and physiological indicators, and 'undiscovered truths' that may point to an objective, albeit not yet fully understood, reality.

This issue of "The Researcher" (issue number 28) focuses heavily on the controversial topic of alien abduction and its relationship with recovered memories and hypnosis. The magazine features several articles that critically examine these phenomena, alongside advertisements for various UFO and paranormal organizations and events.

Recovered Memory & Hypnosis Special by Kevin McClure

This lengthy article by Kevin McClure presents a critical perspective on the alien abduction phenomenon. McClure argues that the concept of alien abduction, particularly the detailed accounts involving physical, sexual, or insemination purposes, largely emerged after 1981 with the popularization of 'recovered memory' material. He posits that the belief in abduction is not based on verifiable evidence but rather on 'memories' recovered through hypnosis and other memory enhancement techniques.

McClure contends that these techniques are inherently unreliable and can lead to the implantation of false memories. He draws parallels with the Satanic Ritual Abuse (SRA) cases, where similar therapeutic techniques led to accusations that were later found to be fabricated or deeply flawed. The article highlights that there is little to no objective, medical, or scientific evidence to support the claims of alien involvement in human lives or pregnancies.

The author suggests that the 'physical' evidence often cited, such as implants or 'cup and scoop marks,' is either non-existent, unanalyzed, or explainable by ordinary means. He criticizes researchers who rely solely on recovered memory techniques, arguing that the process itself, rather than actual hidden memories, is the source of these narratives. McClure believes that individuals who are deeply affected by their belief in abduction are victims of abuse, not necessarily by aliens, but by the mistaken beliefs propagated by those who promote the abduction myth.

The article emphasizes that hypnosis and regression techniques are seldom used by law enforcement or courts without independent corroborative evidence due to their unreliability. It points out that many involved in alien abduction research are amateurs or professionals who are already believers, potentially influencing the outcome of regressions. McClure concludes that there is a significant need to stop the 'abduction mythos' from causing further harm and to help those convinced they have been abducted realize they have been misled.

Kevin McClure also produces a journal called "Abduction Watch" which examines the abduction scenario worldwide, and articles for "The Fortean Times."

Advertising and Listings

The issue includes several advertisements for UFO and paranormal organizations:

• Southampton UFO Group: Offers a monthly newsletter for £5/year.
• British UFO Studies Centre: Offers a monthly newsletter for £5/year and a quarterly magazine for £7/year.
• NARO MINDED (Northern Anomalies Research Organisation): Publishes a quarterly magazine for £8/year subscription.
• Pendle Hyndburn UFO Network: Offers a regular monthly newsletter.
• Northern UFO News: Contact Jenny Randles for subscription details (£5 for six issues).
• RPM (MARA): Offers hypnosis and regression therapy for anomalous experiences, with no fees, and requests contact via mail.

There are also listings for VHS and audio cassettes from the British UFO Research Association, detailing lectures from various Merseyside Mini Conferences between 1995 and 1997.

An Evening with Billy Roberts by Julie Boyd

Julie Boyd recounts her experience attending a live demonstration by medium Billy Roberts at the Neptune Theatre in Liverpool on October 20, 1997. Despite initial skepticism, Boyd found Roberts to be a genuine and down-to-earth individual. She describes his approach, which involves reading from handwritten names and birth dates provided by the audience, and his talk on the nature of Energy. The article mentions an elderly blind lady who demonstrated clairvoyance during the show. Boyd notes that Roberts does not 'fish' for answers and insists on consistency in his readings. She expresses interest in a private reading and mentions that Billy Roberts reportedly foretold the death of Princess Diana.

Julie Boyd is also noted as an author of articles for "Predictions" and a member of MARA.

A View on Counselling by Sue McAllister

Sue McAllister discusses the nature and importance of counselling, distinguishing it from simply giving advice. She is currently in her first year of training in counselling skills. McAllister defines counselling as a freely entered process that helps individuals explore their issues, identify troubling thoughts and emotions, and facilitate self-determined change. She highlights the importance of confidentiality, non-judgmental attitudes, and respect for clients' feelings.

The article mentions MARA's Witness Support Group, which offers confidential and non-judgmental support to witnesses of strange phenomena, including UFOs, ghosts, or 'abduction' events. McAllister states that while some witnesses may seek answers, the paranormal activity itself cannot always be explained. The effectiveness of counselling or support groups like MARA's, the Samaritans, or psychotherapy is ultimately up to the individual's decision and perception.

MARA UFO / paranormal Conference

An announcement for the Merseyside UFO and paranormal Conference hosted by MARA, scheduled for Saturday, October 31st. Details regarding venue, speakers, and times are to be announced in the next issue.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The dominant theme of this issue is the critical examination of the alien abduction phenomenon, strongly questioning its validity and attributing its prevalence to unreliable memory retrieval techniques like hypnosis. The magazine appears to adopt a skeptical stance towards unsubstantiated claims, emphasizing the need for objective evidence and highlighting the potential psychological harm caused by the uncritical acceptance of such narratives. There is a clear editorial leaning towards debunking or at least thoroughly scrutinizing paranormal claims, particularly those related to abduction experiences, while also acknowledging the need for support for individuals affected by these beliefs. The inclusion of articles on counselling and the MARA Witness Support Group suggests an interest in the psychological and supportive aspects of dealing with unusual experiences, even if the phenomena themselves are questioned.

Title: The Researcher
Issue: 2
Date: January 1998
Publisher: MARA
Country: United Kingdom
Language: English

This issue of 'The Researcher' magazine features a critical examination of contemporary ufology, historical UFO reports, and personal accounts of alleged paranormal experiences.

New Ufology by Andy Blunn

Andy Blunn, a second-year undergraduate in Aerospace Engineering and Co-editor of 'NARO Minded', presents a skeptical perspective on the current state of UFO research. He argues that the field needs a serious re-evaluation, moving away from what he perceives as excessive conspiracy theories and 'imported Americana'. Blunn, who joined the Northern Anomalies Research Association (NARO) in 1994 with the hope of finding proof of UFOs, has become more skeptical over time. He emphasizes that being a ufologist requires understanding human behavior, science, history, and sociology, rather than just using equipment or running groups. Blunn critiques articles that focus on government disinformation and secrecy, such as one by William Bimson, suggesting it reflects a paranoid attitude. He dismisses popular conspiracy theories involving MJ-12 and back-engineered technology, as well as ideas about AIDS being an alien-controlled population curb or secret colonies on the moon. Blunn also challenges claims of recovered alien spacecraft wreckage and implants, particularly those analyzed by Derrel Sims, questioning the scientific validity and the anonymity of the researchers involved. He suggests that the 'abduction mythos' and the commercialization of ufology contribute to low evidential standards and the proliferation of unsubstantiated claims. Blunn concludes that ufology is heading into dangerous waters, potentially leading to lawsuits over recovered false memories, and calls for an overhaul of the field to properly address the origin of UFOs.

An Urban Myth by Elaine Hannah (Jan 1998)

Elaine Hannah recounts a personal experience from her time as a nursery nurse at the Tiny Tots Nursery in Merseyside. She describes the nursery's 'baby room' as unusually cold, even with heating on, and notes that babies seemed distressed and restless. The washroom also had an unsettling atmosphere. Hannah's attention was drawn to a child named Jake, who brought a Milky Way chocolate bar to nursery daily for an 'old lady' he claimed was his imaginary friend, described as having a bun in her hair and sitting in a rocking chair. When Hannah checked, the chocolate bar Jake had placed on the floor was gone, with no one else present. She later discovered she was the nursery nurse who had this experience.

Blast from the Past - January 1974 by Anthony Eccles

Anthony Eccles presents archival research from the Liverpool Daily Post concerning UFO-related events in January 1974. Several articles detail a mysterious 'hedge-hopping' helicopter sighted in Cheshire and Derbyshire, leading to police investigations and appeals for information. The Ministry of Defence confirmed receiving reports but stated no 'service craft' was involved. Police efforts to identify the pilot were intensified, with 700 qualified helicopter pilots asked to account for their movements. The helicopter was eventually identified as a Goodyear airship filming a Liverpool vs. Newcastle football match for satellite TV. Newspaper headlines included "Hedge hop helicopter flight a mystery," "Phantom 'copter hunt stepped up," and "Copter grounded." Unconfirmed reports of the helicopter resurfaced later in the month.

The 1998 Prescot Scareship by Julia and Mark Rosney

Julia and Mark Rosney recount an investigation into a UFO sighting in Prescot, Merseyside, on January 20th, 1998. The call reported a large saucer-shaped object hovering over the skyline, with dozens of witnesses and ringing church bells. Mark, an investigator, prepared his 'UFO kit,' which, humorously, was largely unprepared with essential items like a charged battery and film left at home. Upon reaching Prescot, they observed a bright, fuzzy object described as saucer-shaped. As they attempted to get closer, Mark noted it had a strobe light. However, upon closer inspection and using a pocket telescope, the object was identified as the Goodyear airship. The experience, though resulting in an Identified Flying Object (IFO), provided valuable lessons for future investigations, emphasizing the importance of having equipment ready and distinguishing between observation and evidence.

References and Contributors

The magazine includes a list of references for the articles, citing publications on counselling and UFOs. It also thanks contributors to the second issue, including editor Anthony Eccles, sub-editor Mark Glover, and authors William Bimson, Andy Blunn, Julie Boyd, John L. Hall, Elaine Hannah, Sue McAllister, Kevin McClure, Mark and Julia Rosney, and Colin Veacock. Sue McAllister is noted as having worked for a pharmaceutical company, gained experience with Victim Support, and is training as a therapist counsellor, also involved with MARA's Witness Support Group.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical examination of ufology, the distinction between genuine UFO phenomena and misidentifications or hoaxes, and the importance of rigorous investigative methods. The editorial stance, particularly evident in Andy Blunn's article, leans towards skepticism and a call for a more scientific and less conspiratorial approach to paranormal research. The inclusion of historical reports and personal anecdotes, while varied in their conclusions, contributes to a broader discussion on unexplained phenomena and the challenges of investigation.