REALL News - Vol 10 No 02 - 2002

Magazine Overview

The REALL News, Volume 10, Number 2, dated February 2002, is the official newsletter of the Rational Examination Association of Lincoln Land. This issue is a Special Ninth Anniversary Edition and features a strong focus on the topic of evolution, alongside other skeptical inquiries.

Looking at Evolution by Bob Ladendorf

This article reviews the seven-part Public Broadcasting System series "Evolution." The author notes that nearly 60 percent of Americans accept creationism, and expresses doubt that many creationists watched the series. The series is described as an "extraordinary adventure" that delves into the myriad issues evolution addresses. Each part features interviews with scientists, photography, and narration by Liam Neeson. The first part, "Darwin's Dangerous Idea," dramatizes Darwin's life and research, interspersed with modern scientific commentary. The author finds the blend of docudrama and documentary effective.

• The article highlights specific examples of evidence for evolution presented in the series:
• AIDS research: Veronica Miller's research shows how HIV evolves and how non-resistant strains can suppress resistant ones.
• Eye imperfections: The "perfect" eye is contrasted with retinal tears, questioning the idea of a creator.
• Humans and chimpanzees: They share 98 percent of their DNA, indicating biological closeness.

"Great Transformations" (Show 2) explores the diversity of life, the journey from water to land, and the emergence of humans. It features Philip Gingerich's discovery of a whale-like mammal fossil and the study of dolphin movements. The concept of the "tree of life" is used to symbolize evolution.

"Extinction!" (Show 3) discusses mass extinctions, including the one that wiped out dinosaurs, and poses the question of whether humans are causing the next mass extinction. It highlights the work of Alan Rabinowitz in Thailand and the impact of invasive species like the brown tree snake in Hawaii and Zebra mussels.

"The Evolutionary Arms Race" (Show 4) examines the interactions between and within species, focusing on microbes. Examples include the Oregon newt's toxin and the garter snake's evolved resistance, feline immunodeficiency virus evolution, and leaf-cutter ants using bacteria as antibiotics. The segment on Russian prisoners illustrates the rapid spread of infectious diseases.

"Why Sex?" (Show 5) explores the importance of sex in evolutionary change and sexual selection. It discusses the Red Queen hypothesis, where hosts and parasites evolve in a constant struggle, and the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction, using the example of fish in Mexico.

"The Mind's Big Bang" (Show 6) delves into the development of the human brain, linking it to creativity, technology, and social explosion. It features interviews with scientists like Richard Dawkins and Stephen Pinker, and discusses the role of language, art, and social relationships, as well as the significance of gossiping in human social interactions.

"What about God?" (Show 7) addresses the controversy between science and religion, exploring the compatibility of evolution and faith through student stories. It critiques creationist arguments and highlights the commitment of teachers like Clare McKinney to teaching evolution. The series concludes with a quote from Darwin and E.O. Wilson, suggesting that science offers its own form of grandeur.

From the Chairman by David Bloomberg

David Bloomberg discusses the rise of creationist activism in Springfield and REALL's efforts to combat it. He thanks the 1st Presbyterian Church for hosting a meeting and Rev. Jake Young for his participation. Bloomberg emphasizes that religion and science are not mutually exclusive, except for extremists who reject science for a literal interpretation of the Bible. He notes the importance of engaging local creationists in debate but acknowledges their often illogical responses. He references an article by Clark Olson about John Henry, a creationist who attacked REALL for not allowing him to speak, despite being offered an opportunity to write for the newsletter.

The chairman stresses the need for REALL to be more proactive in promoting science. Plans include holding more public lectures on evolution and encouraging members to submit letters to the editor and guest opinion columns. He highlights February 12th as Darwin's birthday and suggests it as a topic for submissions.

Bloomberg also recounts a prediction made at the meeting that John Henry would respond to a book review of his (Bloomberg's) on "The Secret Life of Dust." Henry's response focused on a brief mention that molecules of space dust can form "hollow, water-tight spheres," which could be the origin of cellular membranes. Henry dismissed this, citing Genesis 2:7 and claiming cell membranes are not hollow, water-tight, or spheres. Bloomberg refutes Henry's claims, explaining that while cell membranes are not literally hollow, they do have internal material, and that the dust spheres could have served as early protective structures. He criticizes creationists for rejecting scientific inquiry in favor of pre-determined answers.

The February meeting is announced, featuring an episode of the "Evolution" series and an open discussion.

A Nod to Our Patrons

This section thanks REALL's patron members for their support, listing several individuals and their locations.

Scientist Hawking Puts the Universe in a Nutshell by David Bloomberg

This article reviews Stephen Hawking's latest book, "The Universe in a Nutshell." While acknowledging its predecessor, "A Brief History of Time," as difficult to read, Hawking's new book aims for greater accessibility through pictures and graphics. However, the author notes that advanced physics remains inherently complex, and even scientists may not fully grasp concepts like M-theory.

Hawking's book covers a wide range of topics, including gravity, quantum theory, and the concept of multiple dimensions. The author highlights Hawking's quote about the necessity of understanding the universe's origins through science, contrasting it with creationist views. The article explains M-theory as a framework that unites different versions of string theory and supergravity, proposing 10 or 11 dimensions.

Hawking's humor is noted, particularly his comments on the Earth's surface and black holes. The book also discusses the possibility of time travel, with Hawking suggesting it is a valid area of scientific study, even if unlikely.

The author concludes that while physics has become more complex, Hawking has made significant efforts to simplify it, aided by graphics and a glossary. The book is recommended for those interested in the leading edge of physics.

Beyond "Inherit the Wind" by Kip Cole

• This section reviews a documentary about the 1925 Scopes Trial, "12 Days in Dayton: The Scopes Monkey Trial." The documentary aims to separate myths from reality, contrasting with the popular film "Inherit the Wind." Key points debunked include:
• John T. Scopes never taught evolution in the Dayton school.
• Town leaders sought the trial as a publicity stunt.
• William Jennings Bryan was a progressive who supported equal time for evolution and creationism.
• Clarence Darrow wanted to lose the case to argue ideology in higher courts.
• Bryan died shortly after the trial.

The documentary traces the trial's history and its connection to modern controversies. It is recommended for those interested in evolution and history.

The (Lack of a) Face on Mars by David Bloomberg

This article addresses the "Face on Mars" phenomenon, which is often discussed in the context of extraterrestrial life. The author, writing for "The Straight Dope," explains that while enhanced photos can create the illusion of a face, the original images and higher-resolution photos from the Mars Global Surveyor show a natural geological formation. Carl Sagan is quoted explaining that the "face" is a result of shadows and lost data, and that humans have a tendency to see faces in ambiguous patterns, a trait he calls evolutionary.

REALLity Checklist – 2001 in Review by David Bloomberg

• This segment provides a "Reality Check" on notable events and media stories from 2001. Awards are given for:
• Biggest Parasites Award: To "psychics" like John Edward and Sylvia Browne for exploiting the September 11 attacks, and to websites selling homeopathic treatments for anthrax.
• Best Local Story Award: To the State Journal-Register for reporting on an urban legend about HIV-infected needles on gas pump handles and another about police officers spreading a phone scam rumor.
• Worst Local Story Award: To freelancer Steven Spearie for an article in the State Journal-Register that uncritically promoted a pro-authenticity book about the Shroud of Turin, failing to include skeptical viewpoints or carbon dating evidence.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The REALL News consistently promotes rational thinking, critical inquiry, and the scientific method. The publication actively counters creationist arguments and pseudoscience, advocating for evidence-based understanding of topics like evolution and cosmology. The editorial stance is clearly pro-science and skeptical of unsubstantiated claims, while remaining open to objective investigation of paranormal phenomena.

The REALL News, February 2002 issue, Volume 12. This publication, from the Rational Examination Association of Lincoln Land (REALL), focuses on critical examination of claims, particularly those related to science, media, and the paranormal.

Articles and Features

Journalism and Media Criticism

The issue begins with a critique of journalistic practices, highlighting instances where claims are presented without proper investigation or evidence. The "Worst National Story Award" is given to Fox for a "special" that claimed the moon landing was a hoax, which the author describes as giving a platform to "paranoid nutballs."

Best Political Move Award

This award recognizes the Kansas Board of Education for restoring evolution and related matters to the state science standards. The article notes that a previous endorsement of creationism had led to some Board members being voted out. It criticizes the remaining creationists for opposing the teaching of science in science classes.

Worst National Story Award

This award is presented to Fox for a February special that promoted the conspiracy theory that the moon landing was a hoax. The author expresses dismay at the network giving a platform to such unsubstantiated claims.

Best Research Award: Sylvia Browne Investigation

The "Best Research Award" is given for an investigation into the psychic Sylvia Browne, featured in an online article by Joseph Gomes for Brill's Content. Gomes examined Browne's claims of solving crimes, assisting law enforcement, and helping locate missing persons. The article points out that Gomes found no evidence that Browne's "clues" had actually led to the discovery of bodies or missing persons, despite claims made on talk shows like Montel Williams. A producer from Inside Edition is quoted as saying, "These guys don't solve cases, and the media consistently gets it wrong."

"Looking at Evolution" (Continued)

This section, continued from page 8, discusses the implications of evolutionary theory, emphasizing its role in understanding human history and unity. It references Carl Zimmer's book "Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea" and a PBS television show.

References

References are provided for the "Looking at Evolution" section, including a PBS television show and Carl Zimmer's book.

Author Information

Bob Ladendorf is identified as a free-lance writer, co-founder of REALL, and its Secretary-Treasurer. He has written previous articles for The REALL News and is co-writing an article for Skeptical Inquirer.

Our Next Meeting

The REALL News announces its next meeting on Tuesday, February 5, 7:00 PM, at the Lincoln Library (7th & Capitol) in Springfield, Illinois. The meeting will feature a videotape presentation of the first episode of the Evolution series, titled "Darwin's Dangerous Idea." The presentation will explore why Darwin's idea is relevant today and how it explains the past and predicts the future of life on Earth.

Publisher Information

The publisher is the Rational Examination Association of Lincoln Land (REALL), with a P.O. Box in Springfield, IL.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are media criticism, skepticism towards paranormal claims, and the promotion of scientific understanding, particularly regarding evolution. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of evidence-based reasoning and critical analysis, opposing the uncritical acceptance of unsubstantiated claims by media outlets and advocating for the scientific consensus on topics like evolution.