Phactum - 2015 10 - October

Magazine Overview

Title: Phactum
Issue: October/November/December 2015
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT)
Editor: Ray Haupt
Webmaster: Wes Powers

This issue of Phactum, the newsletter and "Anti Woo Woo Organ" of the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, focuses on debunking manipulated history and misinformation. The cover story, "President Woodrow Wilson Arrested in Philadelphia or 'The Perils of the Internet'," investigates a viral story featuring a mugshot that appears to be President Woodrow Wilson. The article reveals this story to be a fabrication, a mash-up of President Wilson's image, Willie Sutton's inmate number, and a false date, all stemming from a Philophilia blog post.

Manipulated History: The Woodrow Wilson Case

The lead article delves into the fabricated story of President Woodrow Wilson's arrest. The magazine explains that while a man named James Lewis, a lookalike for Wilson, was wanted in New Jersey for desertion and non-support, he was not arrested in Philadelphia, nor was he President Wilson. The mugshot used in the viral story is a composite, and the inmate number belongs to notorious bank robber Willie Sutton. The article clarifies that President Wilson was actively engaged in his duties in Washington D.C. during the period in question, notably protesting the sinking of the RMS Lusitania. Phactum thanks researchers Lauren Zalut and Annie Anderson, and staff at Eastern State Penitentiary for their help in uncovering the truth.

"Manipulated History" and Other Ruminations

Under the "Various Ruminations of Woo Woo and Real Science and some Gossip" section, collected by Ray Haupt, the issue further explores the theme of manipulated history. It highlights how historical myths can become modern "truths." A significant example discussed is the story of Captain John Smith and a supposed mermaid encounter in 1614. This myth, attributed to Smith by historian Alexandre Dumas in 1849, is debunked by Don Nigroni, who points out that Smith's own accounts do not mention a mermaid and that Smith was in the West Indies in 1607, not 1614. Professor Vaughn Scribner of the University of Central Arkansas and Helen Thompson of the Smithsonian Institution are also cited for their research that corroborates the debunking of this historical fabrication.

The issue also touches upon the quote "I cannot tell a lie. It was I who chopped down the cherry tree," attributed to George Washington, stating it was a fabrication by his biographer Parson Weems to enhance Washington's moral authority.

Upcoming PhACT Events and Lectures

The magazine details several upcoming events hosted by PhACT:

• Monthly PhACT Meetings: Held on the third Saturday of most months at the Community College of Philadelphia, hosted by Dr. David Cattell. Meetings are free and open to the public.
• Lecture: Saturday, October 17, 2015: John Grant, author of "Debunk It! How to Stay Sane in a World of Misinformation," will discuss his book. The lecture will focus on identifying bad evidence, dismantling poor arguments, and understanding rhetorical tricks used to spread misinformation, particularly concerning "bunkum science."
• Lecture: Saturday, November 21, 2015: Dr. Robert Baldassano will present on "The Ecosystem Within You, How is it Affecting You?" This lecture will cover the complex symbiotic relationship within the human body and its impact on health and emotional state. Dr. Baldassano's extensive background in pediatric gastroenterology and IBD research is highlighted.
• Future Lectures: Several lectures are scheduled for early 2016, with topics to be announced.
• PhACT Expedition: Saturday, May 21, 2016: An expedition to Haycock Mountain in Upper Bucks County, led by Don Nigroni, to explore the legend of the "Wild Man of Haycock Mountain." The expedition will involve hiking and botanical information, with Robb Kerr and Jeff Cooney providing expertise.

PhACT's Roster of I.R.E. (Infamous Rational Errors)

This section introduces "Phactum's Roster of I.R.E.," a pamphlet compiled by Paul Schlueter III, which lists common logical fallacies and rhetorical tactics. A new entry, "VERISIMILITUDE," is defined as an artifice of storytelling that enhances believability by introducing elements that resemble truth.

Good News Announcement: PhACT is now a 501(c)3 Non-Profit

PhACT announces its recognition as a 501(c)3 non-profit tax-exempt organization. This status is retroactive to May 2010, making dues and contributions tax-deductible. The organization also highlights its new online membership renewal and contribution system via PayPal.

Letters to the Editor

One letter to the editor discusses a viral video of an "Indian holy man" attempting to stop a train with his energy, questioning the belief in supernatural powers over physics. The letter also references a Russian mystic who claimed to stop cars with his will, suggesting his success was due to drivers. The writer, Eric Krieg from Maple Glen, Pennsylvania, concludes that while determination is important, relying on wishful thinking over physical laws is misguided.

Reader Participation Desired

An appeal is made for reader participation, inviting submissions on various topics from Creationists, UFOlogists, Homeopaths, and others often scorned by skeptics. The goal is to encourage the entertainment of diverse thoughts, excluding electoral politics and celebrity gossip.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum are the critical examination of historical narratives, the debunking of misinformation and pseudoscience, and the promotion of critical thinking. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical of unsubstantiated claims and actively seeks to expose fabricated stories and flawed reasoning. The magazine encourages intellectual engagement and the rigorous analysis of information, as evidenced by its focus on debunking myths and its invitation for diverse viewpoints to be discussed critically.

This issue of Phactum, dated October/November/December 2015, presents a diverse collection of articles spanning anthropology, psychology, alternative medicine, physics, natural history, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).

Homo naledi Discovery

The issue highlights the discovery of *Homo naledi*, a new member of the human family tree, with a photo from National Geographic showing a reconstruction of its face. The species dates from approximately 2.8 to 2.5 million years ago. Scientists are debating whether it is a direct ancestor of modern humans. Fossils were discovered deep in a South African cave.

Mindfulness Meditation and False Memories

An article reports on an Oxford University study suggesting that the popular self-help practice of mindfulness meditation, while effective for treating depression, may have the side effect of causing false memories. The article notes that many schools encourage mindfulness, but these findings may raise questions about its suitability, particularly for witnesses in legal proceedings.

The Canadian Association of Witch Doctors and Dr. Woo Awards

Pages 12 and 2 of the magazine detail the 2015 Dr. Woo Awards, presented by The Canadian Association of Witch Doctors (CAWD). The awards recognize individuals who have excelled in "magical healthcare." Nominations are sought in categories such as "Are You With Me Dr. Woo Award" for promoting "woo and completely irrational health beliefs," and "Best Conspiracy Theorist Award" for using "big-pharma, evil medicine, alien DNA etc." in memes. The process involves nominations, voting, and an awards announcement on December 11th, 2015. Dr. Wen Shortispy is listed as Director of CAWD.

Einstein's Dice and Schrödinger's Cat: A Physics Lecture

Page 13 and 4 feature a report on a presentation by acclaimed author and physicist Dr. Paul Halpern discussing his book, *Einstein's Dice and Schrödinger's Cat: How Two Great Minds Battled Quantum Randomness to Create a Unified Theory of Physics*. The lecture, hosted by the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, detailed the careers and complex relationship between Albert Einstein and Erwin Schrödinger. It covered their shared dissatisfaction with quantum physics' indeterminacy and their individual pursuits of a grand unified theory. The report touches on their collaboration, competition, and the eventual strain on their friendship, particularly after Schrödinger's premature claims of discovering a "theory of everything." The book is published by Basic Books and Halpern is a professor at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia.

Wagner Free Institute of Science Events

Page 15 outlines the "Weeknights at the Wagner" and "Wagner on the Weekend" programs at the Wagner Free Institute of Science in Philadelphia. Events include lectures on the Mineralogy of Mars, a Philadelphia Lantern Slide Salon, "Spooky Creature Feature," and "Dancing with Droids." The "Adult Education Fall 2015 Course Schedule" is also presented, featuring courses like "From Aqueducts to Skyscrapers: A Visual History of Building Big" and "The Periodic Table of Elements: How We Got It and How You Can Use It." All courses and lectures are free.

Off the Beaten Path: Hawk Mountain Sanctuary

Pages 16-18 focus on Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, a premier location for observing raptor migration in Pennsylvania. The article describes the sanctuary's history, founded by Rosalie Edge in 1934 to ban hunting and protect migrating hawks. It details the types of raptors seen, the best times for viewing, and the sanctuary's dedication to research and education. The "Lookout Trail" is highlighted for its scenic views and challenging terrain, while a new accessible trail to the South Lookout is also mentioned. Information on trail fees and visitor center hours is provided. Kim A. Sheridan is credited as the author and a naturalist and wildlife observer.

$100 Million for SETI

Pages 19 and 20 discuss the significant investment of $100 million by Russian internet entrepreneur Yuri Milner into the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project, dubbed "Breakthrough Listen." The article references the movie "Contact" and the ongoing debate about the wisdom of sending messages into space versus listening. Milner's funding will be allocated to developing new receiving equipment, renting radio dish time (including at the Green Bank Telescope and Parkes Telescope), and hiring astronomers. A $1 million contest for ideas on a "first contact message" is also announced. The article encourages PhACT members to debate their support for this initiative and mentions the SETI@home project as a public participation option.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores topics at the intersection of science, skepticism, and alternative or fringe ideas. There is a clear editorial stance that questions and critically examines claims related to "woo" and alternative health practices, as evidenced by the satirical Dr. Woo Awards. The publication also engages with scientific discoveries and research, such as the *Homo naledi* find and the SETI investment, while maintaining a critical perspective on psychological phenomena like false memories. The inclusion of events from institutions like the Wagner Free Institute suggests an interest in public education and accessible science, even when dealing with potentially controversial or pseudoscientific topics.

Title: Phactum
Issue: October/November/December 2015
Cover Headline: Kennewick Man WAS a Native American
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Phactum features an in-depth article by Paul Schlueter III titled "Kennewick Man WAS a Native American," exploring the complex and contentious scientific, legal, and cultural debates surrounding the 9,000-year-old remains.

Kennewick Man WAS a Native American

The article details the long-standing dispute over Kennewick Man's heritage, which began with strong contentions that he was not directly related to Native American (NA) tribes. This point is crucial due to NAGPRA, a federal law that mandates the repatriation of NA remains identified as ancestors of specific modern tribes for disposal under tribal traditions. Initially, a Smithsonian article reported that DNA examination had failed, and the Army Corps of Engineers refused retesting. Scientific guesses based on skull shape suggested a resemblance to far-Eastern populations like the Japanese Ainu, and crucially, that his remains lacked physical characteristics resembling NAs. This led to a Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling that Kennewick Man could not reasonably be linked with "presently existing indigenous tribes," putting his reburial on hold.

The situation became more complex when one of the contending NA tribes, the Colville, managed to have DNA testing performed. A TV documentary featured this testing, with the tester advising the Colville that Kennewick's DNA matched theirs. Further scientific investigation, reported in *Science News* and based on University of Copenhagen reports, by paleogeneticist Morten Rasmussen, determined that Kennewick Man's DNA "especially" resembles that of the Colville, as well as other northern tribes like the Ojibwa and Algonquin. However, the article notes that only two Colville individuals submitted DNA samples for comparison out of five tribes suing for the remains, and that overall, DNA samples are available for only 10 North American NA populations, while 566 tribes are registered in the U.S.

The article highlights a significant cultural resistance among NA groups to DNA testing. This resistance stems from the fact that scientists have cited far-Eastern DNA heritage, which tribal members feel is used in opposition to their oral histories claiming NAs have always lived in and originated from the Americas. This creates a sensitive controversy with considerable hard feelings.

Eske Willerslev, another paleogeneticist from the University of Copenhagen, argues that there is no definitive way to identify WHICH NA tribe is most closely related to Kennewick Man, noting that the Colvilles comprise 12 confederated subgroups, and Kennewick Man's diet (distinctly coastal) suggests a potential link to some, but not all, Colville subgroups. James Chatters, who initially studied the remains, states that Rasmussen's evidence only shows Kennewick Man was related to ALL Native Americans, not a specific tribe. Despite this, the article observes that the newer findings are more favorable to NA claims than previous ones, suggesting the evidence is lining up in their favor, though not yet conclusively.

The article also touches upon the physical characteristics of Kennewick Man, noting he was robust but had a difficult life. At his death around age 40, he was 5'7" and weighed 163 pounds. He suffered multiple injuries, including fractured ribs, skull fractures, and a severe shoulder injury. Notably, at about age 15-20, he was injured by a spear, the spearhead lodging permanently in his hip.

Further complicating the issue are findings of ancient stone tools in Brazil dated to 15,000 and 24,000 years ago, suggesting the presence of multiple NA cultures in the Americas long before the Clovis culture. The article also mentions that oral histories, while valuable for cultural heritage, have limitations due to tribal formations, splits, regrouping, and extinctions, and that groups are known to have migrated frequently, sometimes leading to intermingling.

The article explains that under NAGPRA, claimant groups must demonstrate direct lineal descent. It raises questions about how the law handles cases where multiple tribes may have descended from one ancient individual. Examples are given of Ishi, the last of the Yahi, whose brain was stored separately, and the descendants of Geronimo suing for the return of his skull and grave goods, highlighting the legal and cultural complexities surrounding remains.

Cross-cultural scientific interest exists in understanding the population process in the Americas before Columbus, with theories about migrations from the west, east, or both, coinciding with glacial periods. The article contrasts the limitations of oral histories with the scientific realities of evolution and human diaspora.

Forensic evidence suggests Kennewick Man was deliberately and ceremoniously buried. The article concludes by noting the ongoing conflict between scientific study and the desire for reburial, suggesting a need for a reasonable compromise that reflects more on society than on the scientific findings themselves.

PhACT Calendar

The magazine also includes a "PhACT Calendar" listing numerous upcoming events in the Philadelphia area related to science, history, and culture. These events include lectures, workshops, and expeditions hosted by various institutions such as the Community College of Philadelphia, the Free Library of Philadelphia, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and Laurel Hill Cemetery. Specific events mentioned include lectures by authors John Grant and Sarah Vowell, discussions on topics ranging from climate change and the anatomy of violence to the history of science and astronomy, and various walking tours and historical explorations.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the intersection of science, history, culture, and law, particularly concerning the interpretation of ancient human remains and the rights of indigenous peoples. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting complex issues with multiple viewpoints, acknowledging both scientific inquiry and cultural sensitivities, and highlighting the ongoing debates and legal challenges in areas like the Kennewick Man case and NAGPRA. The extensive calendar of events suggests a focus on promoting public engagement with science and history in the Philadelphia region.

Title: Phactum
Issue: October/November/December 2015
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking
Document Type: Magazine Issue

Featured Articles and Events

This issue of Phactum, published by the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT), details a series of lectures, talks, and events scheduled for October, November, and December 2015, with some extending into early 2016. The publication emphasizes critical thinking and provides a platform for discussions on science, history, and current events.

Science History and Philosophy

• "-1890)": A talk by Axel Petit at the World Cafe Live on November 17, 2015, explored the Clausius-Williamson hypothesis and its implications for the specialization of physical sciences in the 19th century. The lecture aimed to re-evaluate the hypotheses within their original context and analyze their association.
• "The DDT Myths": Presented by Elena Conis on December 1, 2015, at the Chemical Heritage Foundation, this talk examined the complex and evolving reputation of DDT, from its initial acclaim as a national hero to its later vilification and subsequent re-evaluation in the context of global health and environmental concerns.
• "Seized in September: Delaware during the Revolutionary War": Kim Burdick, a public historian, discussed Delaware's role in the Philadelphia Campaign on December 1, 2015, at Eastern State Penitentiary.
• "The Piltdown Fossil Forgery and the Search for the 'First Englishman'": This event, held on January 6, 2016, at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, likely delved into the infamous Piltdown Man hoax.

Astronomy and Environmental Science

• "Oil in the Garden State: How Petroleum and Pollution Have Shaped New Jersey": A Brown Bag Lecture by Raechel Lutz on November 24, 2015, at the Chemical Heritage Foundation, investigated the history of Standard Oil refineries in New Jersey.
• "A Story of the Southern Ocean": Irina Marinov, a climatologist, presented on December 8, 2015, at World Cafe Live, discussing the significance of the Southern Ocean in climate regulation and potential future changes.
• "NIGHT SKIES IN THE JOEL N. BLOOM OBSERVATORY": Hosted by the Franklin Institute on December 10, 2015, this event featured Kerstin Perez discussing "Dark Matters: The Next (or maybe ultimate!) 'Holy Grail' of Astronomy Research."
• PhACT Lectures: Scheduled for January 16 and February 20, 2016, these lectures had topics to be announced.
• Rittenhouse Astronomical Society Lectures: These lectures, open to the public, were scheduled throughout the period, including on January 9, 2016, at the Fels Planetarium.

History and Heritage

• "Pacific: Silicon Chips and Surfboards, Coral Reefs and Atom Bombs, Brutal Dictators, Fading Empires, and the Coming Collision of the World's Superpowers": Author Simon Winchester spoke on November 17, 2015, at the Free Library of Philadelphia, drawing on his extensive experience as a journalist and author.
• "American Revolution Round Table": This group hosted several talks, including one by Tony Williams on his book about the collaboration of Washington and Hamilton on December 1, 2015, and another by Bill Ferraro on the Winter Encampment at Morristown and Jockey Hollow on December 28, 2015.
• "General Meade Birthday Celebration": Held on December 31, 2015, at Laurel Hill Cemetery, this event commemorated the 200th anniversary of General George G. Meade's birth, featuring a parade, re-enactors, and a toast.
• "September 11, 1777: The Battle of Brandywine": Speaker Bruce Mowday discussed this pivotal battle of the Philadelphia Campaign on January 5, 2016, at Washington Memorial Chapel.
• "To the Last Extremity: Fort Mifflin's Valiant Stand": Elizabeth Beatty, Fort Mifflin's site director, shared the history of the fort's defense during the Revolutionary War on February 2, 2016.
• "The Institute for Science and Religion: Finding God in the Singing River": Marc Wallace of Swarthmore College presented on February 16, 2016, at Commonwealth Chateau.

Community and Science Engagement

• "Ullyot Lecture: Bruce Alberts": Bruce Alberts, Chancellor's Leadership Chair at UCSF, spoke on the positive role of chemical and molecular sciences in our lives on November 17, 2015, at the Chemical Heritage Foundation.
• "PhACT Lecture": A lecture series featuring various topics, with specific dates and locations provided.
• "Philadelphia Nerd Nite": These informal gatherings for science discussions, good food, and company were held on November 18, 2015, and January 6, 2016.
• "PENN SCIENCE CAFÉ": This event on December 1, 2015, featured a talk by an astronomy ambassador from Chile.
• "Science on Tap": A monthly gathering at National Mechanics featuring informal presentations by scientists, held on January 11 and January 18, 2016.
• "Annual Gala - A Sip of Science": Held on November 21, 2015, at the Wagner Free Institute of Science, this fundraising event honored artist Mark Dion.
• "Laurel Hill: The Hot Spots and Storied Plots": A tour of Laurel Hill Cemetery on November 27, 2015, offered an overview of its history and notable features.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum revolve around the intersection of science, history, and critical inquiry. The publication strongly advocates for the importance of scientific literacy and historical accuracy, as evidenced by the diverse range of lectures covering scientific advancements, historical events, and the critical examination of popular narratives (e.g., DDT myths, Piltdown Man). The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, as the publisher, clearly aims to foster an informed public discourse by providing accessible educational events and content. The editorial stance is one of intellectual curiosity, skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims, and a commitment to promoting a deeper understanding of complex subjects. The inclusion of events like "Science on Tap" and "Philadelphia Nerd Nite" suggests an effort to make scientific and historical topics engaging and accessible to a broader audience. The publication also highlights its gratitude for institutional support, particularly from the Community College of Philadelphia, underscoring its role as a community-focused organization.

Notable Quote

"Elementary, my dear Watson"

Speaker: Sherlock Holmes (attributed, with clarification that the phrase was not directly uttered by the character in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's works.)

FAQ

• What is PhACT? PhACT is the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, which publishes Phactum, a propaganda organ distributed four times a year.
• How can I support PhACT? You can support PhACT by becoming a member with an annual membership fee of $15 for email delivery or $25 for US Mail delivery, or by making a donation.
• What topics are covered in Phactum? Phactum covers a wide range of topics including science history, astronomy, environmental science, American history, and critical thinking.
• Where can I find more information about PhACT events? More information about PhACT events can be found on their website at www.phact.org.