Phactum - 2014 07 - July

Magazine Overview

Title: Phactum
Issue: July/August/September 2014
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Phactum, the newsletter and "AntiWoo Woo Organ" of the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, spans the months of July, August, and September 2014. The cover features a historical photograph of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, Countess Choleck, with a headline referencing them. The issue is edited by Ray Haupt and has Wes Powers as the webmaster.

Key Articles and Features

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the Road to WWI

The issue delves into the historical context surrounding the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo. It details the event, the Archduke's unpopularity, and the subsequent Austrian declaration of war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, which escalated into a wider conflict. The article also touches upon the fate of the assassin, Gavrilo Princip, who was convicted and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment due to his age, and later died of tuberculosis.

Upcoming PhACT Events

Several upcoming events hosted by PhACT are detailed:

• September 20, 2014, 2:00 PM: A lecture titled "Back off, man--I'm a scientist”: The effects of media messages on public perceptions of paranormal research and phenomena by Paul Brewer, Professor of Political Science at the University of Delaware. Brewer's research examines how media influences beliefs about paranormal phenomena and researchers.
• October 18, 2014, 2:00 PM: A lecture by Professor Barry Vacker discussing his book "The End of the World Again: Why the Apocalypse Meme Replicates in Media, Science, and Culture." Vacker explores the intersection of art, media, science, and culture, focusing on doomsday scenarios.
• November 15, 2014, 2:00 PM: A lecture titled "Neuroethics: the Perils and Potential of Brain Science” by Ted Schick, Professor of Philosophy at Muhlenberg College. This lecture addresses the ethical questions arising from advances in neuroscience, such as altering brain structure and function.

Book Reviews and Features

• "The End of the World Again: Why the Apocalypse Meme Replicates in Media, Science, and Culture" by Barry Vacker: This book is reviewed, discussing its critique of culture in 2012 and beyond, and its examination of apocalyptic memes and their survival advantages.
• "How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age" by Ted Schick and Lewis Vaughn: This book is presented as an affordable text that helps students think critically by using examples from cultural beliefs to demonstrate sound evaluation of claims.

Various Ruminations of Woo Woo and Real Science and some Gossip

This section, collected and written by Ray Haupt, features several short articles:

• Dr. Brian Regal and the Jersey Devil: Dr. Brian Regal, a historian of science, is scheduled to speak about the history of the Jersey Devil at Batsto Village.
• Class-action suits induce homeopathic manufacturer to exit U.S. and Canada: The article reports that Heel USA Inc. is ceasing marketing in the U.S. and Canada due to substantial financial burdens from two class-action lawsuits concerning their homeopathic products, Traumeel and Zeel.
• Homeopathic Ingredients: The article lists some ingredients found in homeopathic products like Zeel, including Arnica Montana, Rhus toxicodendron (poison ivy), and animal-derived components like porcine cartilage, embryo, umbilical cord, and placenta.
• Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac: These plants are mentioned in relation to homeopathic uses and are noted as potential identification points for the Jersey Devil Expedition.
• "How the amazing duck turned into a holy cow" by Dr. Edzard Ernst: This essay explains the homeopathic remedy Oscillococcinum®, which is made from the liver and heart of a duck, and discusses its extreme dilution and lack of robust evidence for effectiveness beyond a placebo.

Other Articles and Editorials

• Vermont first state to require GMO food labeling: The issue discusses Vermont's new law requiring GMO food labeling and questions its scientific justification, referencing Dr. David Cragin's assertion that GMO foods are safe and facilitate farming efficiency.
• Scientific American article about delayed vaccines: An article highlights an interview with Dr. Paul Offit, who states that delaying vaccinations increases risks without added benefits.
• Letters to the Editor: Several letters are included:
• Howard J. Wilk discusses new diagnostic modalities for malaria and points out coincidences between Charles Martin Hall and Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult, the co-discoverers of the aluminum production process.
• Paul Schlueter III shares a recipe for "BREAKFAST PIZZA" and writes about the concept of "political correctness" versus "factual correctness."

Reader Participation

An invitation is extended to readers to submit letters to the editor and articles on various topics, including critical thinking, science projects, paranormal phenomena, and even recipes. Suggestions for improving Phactum are also welcomed.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum are critical thinking, skepticism towards pseudoscientific claims (referred to as "Woo Woo"), and the importance of evidence-based reasoning. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific rigor and against unsubstantiated beliefs, as evidenced by the discussions on homeopathy, GMOs, and the critique of media portrayals of paranormal phenomena. The publication aims to inform its readers and encourage them to question and analyze information critically.

Title: Phactum
Issue: July/August/September 2014
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Phactum delves into various aspects of skepticism, alternative medicine, paranormal phenomena, and the challenges of promoting rational thought. It features articles critiquing pseudoscientific claims, reporting on skeptical activism, and documenting investigations into alleged supernatural events.

Alternative Medicine and Skepticism

The issue begins with a critique of Oscillococcinum, a homeopathic product, questioning its scientific basis and highlighting its commercial success. Dr. Ernst, an expert in alternative medicine, is mentioned for his insistence on evidence-based claims. The article points out the irony of a product derived from duck organs becoming a 'holy cow' in popular belief.

Rationalism and Persecution

A report highlights the plight of Sanal Edamaruku, president of the Indian Rationalist Association, who is exiled from India due to fear of prosecution and death threats. Edamaruku's work in exposing 'miracles' and his use of India's Penal Code (section 295a) for alleged blasphemy are discussed. The article notes the tragic murder of Narendra Dabholkar, an anti-black-magic campaigner, underscoring the dangers faced by rationalists.

Global Superstition and Violence

Another segment reports on the murder and mutilation of an albino woman in Tanzania by witch doctors. The practice of using body parts for potions to ensure wealth and success is described, along with the severe discrimination and violence faced by people with albinism in Africa. The article laments how myth and superstition can triumph over science and reason.

Michael Shermer's Lecture and Book

The magazine covers Michael Shermer's lecture in Philadelphia, hosted by PhACT. Shermer, founder of the Skeptics Society and author of "The Believing Brain," discussed his theory on how beliefs are formed, reinforced, and defended. He emphasizes that beliefs are primarily driven by subjective, emotional, and psychological reasons, with rationalizations following. Shermer's work is presented as a quest to understand why people fall prey to wrong beliefs, rooted in evolutionary psychology and neuroscience.

PhACT Ghostbusting Expedition

A detailed account of a PhACT ghostbusting expedition to Ridley Creek State Park is provided. The expedition involved scientific testing using equipment like EMF detectors and thermometers to investigate alleged paranormal activity. The report explores historical theories of ghosts, from disembodied spirits to electromagnetic energy manifestations, and concludes that no anomalous readings were detected during the outing.

A History of PhACT

An extensive history of PhACT (Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking) is presented, marking its twenty years of existence. The article traces its origins from the Delaware Valley Skeptics and the formation of PhACT in 1994. It outlines the organization's mission to encourage rational thought and scientific principles, its activities including speaker meetings and field trips, and its notable speakers such as Joseph Szimhart, Milton Rothman, Philip Klass, and James Randi. The history also touches upon PhACT's scientific outreach, including presentations at conventions and science fairs, and its efforts to debunk pseudoscientific concepts like 'free energy'.

Communicating Skepticism

An article titled "How To Better Relay Our Message" by Paul Schlueter III discusses the challenges skeptics face in communicating their ideas to a credulous audience. It suggests that rationalists can learn from the methods of religion, which patiently guides listeners through key issues with dignified urgency, contrasting this with the news' tendency for information overload and heated debate. The author advocates for constant review, repetition, and a non-confrontational approach, drawing parallels with adult literacy tutoring.

Scientific Testing and Outreach

The issue details PhACT's involvement in scientific testing, including an experiment on 'Therapeutic Touch' which failed to demonstrate its efficacy under controlled conditions. It also mentions an experiment involving psychics and a report on police use of psychics in investigations, both yielding negative results. PhACT's scientific outreach efforts, such as panel discussions and booths at conventions, are highlighted as ways to promote critical thinking.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum revolve around the promotion of critical thinking, the debunking of pseudoscience and paranormal claims, and the defense of rationalism against superstition and irrational beliefs. The editorial stance is clearly pro-science and skeptical, advocating for evidence-based reasoning and a critical examination of claims, whether they pertain to alternative medicine, alleged supernatural phenomena, or pseudoscientific concepts like 'free energy'.

Phactum, July/August/September 2014 issue, is a magazine that explores a diverse range of scientific, philosophical, and natural history topics. This issue features articles on consciousness research, the ethics and challenges of cloning, philosophical paradoxes, and the unique ecology of serpentine barrens.

Articles

The Mind and Consciousness

The issue begins with an exploration of consciousness, touching on the historical "mind-body problem" and how modern neuroscience, particularly in conjunction with anesthesiology, is shedding new light on its foundations. The article "What's On Your Mind? New Keys to Consciousness" by Tom Medero discusses how research is moving away from placing consciousness solely in the frontal lobes and neocortex, suggesting that older brain structures like the thalamus play a crucial role as a "master switchboard." The article references a study published in the Journal of Neuroscience (April 4, 2012) titled "Returning From Oblivion: Imaging the Neural Core of Consciousness," which used PET scanning to observe brain activity as subjects recovered from anesthesia. It highlights that the return to consciousness is not a simple reversal but a complex process involving the activation of various brain areas. The findings have implications for understanding persistent vegetative states and legal arguments.

Another piece touches on the concept of consciousness being activated even during dreams, with a feedback loop in the basal ganglia preventing us from acting them out, unless subverted by drugs like Ambien. The article emphasizes that consciousness is not an on/off switch but exists in multiple levels, impacting legal and medical diagnostics.

Cloning and Genetic Modification

Several articles delve into the realm of genetics and cloning. One section discusses efforts to clone extinct life forms like the passenger pigeon and the wooly mammoth, as well as selective breeding of modern cattle. It references the success of cloning Dolly the sheep but notes her shortened lifespan. The failed attempt to clone the Pyrenean ibex is also mentioned, highlighting the imperfections in current somatic nuclear cell transfer methods. The article acknowledges the development of useful genetic modification techniques, particularly in food production, and touches upon the public opposition to Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), especially in Europe.

Theseus' Paradox

Paul Schlueter III contributes an article titled "Theseus' Paradox," exploring the philosophical concept of identity and authenticity. The paradox questions whether an object, like Theseus' ship, remains the same if all its original parts are replaced over time. The article connects this to contemporary issues such as the restoration of extinct life forms, the reproduction of classic cars, and the debate surrounding GMOs. It poses the question of whether a recreated organism or object is truly "authentic" and whether authenticity is always superior to functionality or a "better" version.

Natural History and Ecology

"Off the Beaten Path: Serpents In The Grass" by Kim A. Sheridan explores the unique ecosystems of serpentine barrens. These areas, characterized by serpentine rock, have thin, nutrient-poor soil toxic to many plants, leading to specialized flora. The article highlights the importance of these fire-dependent communities and the threats they face from fire suppression, development, and invasive species. Specific locations like Tyler Arboretum and Nottingham County Park are mentioned for their serpentine barrens. The article also touches upon the history of mining in these areas and the discovery of a vintage car in an old mine.

Another section provides an update on the Wagner Free Institute of Science in Philadelphia, detailing upcoming events and courses, including presentations on Joseph Leidy, a lantern slide salon, and a family open house. Adult education courses on extinction, Philadelphia's scientific history, and field courses on local flora are also listed.

A brief mention is made of Martha, the last passenger pigeon, who died in 1914, underscoring the loss of species and the challenges of restoration.

Book Review

"Coffee for Roses: and 70 Other Misleading Myths About Backyard Gardening" by C.L. Fornari is reviewed by Becky Strickland. The review highlights the book's aim to correct common misconceptions in gardening, tracing the history of these myths and explaining why they are ineffective or harmful.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes critical thinking and a scientific approach to understanding complex issues. There is an emphasis on empirical research, philosophical inquiry, and the appreciation of natural history. The editorial stance appears to favor evidence-based reasoning and a nuanced perspective on topics like genetic modification and artificial reproduction, valuing functionality and authenticity as context-dependent.

Title: Phactum
Issue: July/August/September 2014
Document Type: Magazine Issue

Book Review: Saxons, Vikings, and Celts: The Genetic Roots of Britain and Ireland by Bryan Sykes

This review covers Bryan Sykes' 306-page book, "Saxons, Vikings, and Celts: The Genetic Roots of Britain and Ireland," published in 2006. The reviewer, Paul Schlueter III, praises Sykes, an Oxford University geneticist, for simplifying complex genetic science for lay readers while providing sufficient explanation for moderate anthropologic study. The book is described as a fascinating read that combines genetic science with storytelling, incorporating both origin mythologies and recorded histories of the cultures studied.

The book's scope, referred to as "the Isles," encompasses Britain, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, the Hebrides, Orkney, and Shetland. Sykes' project aimed to map the genetic heritage of the current "native" population, largely excluding recent immigrants, by using sensitive modern DNA techniques to identify genes in detail. He compares the genetic fingerprints of the Islanders with those from Europe, Scandinavia, Iceland, and Africa to identify groups he calls "clans." Out of 36 maternal lineage clans worldwide and 21 paternal lineage clans, Sykes identifies seven female and five male lineages dominant in the target region. He sampled tens of thousands of people to obtain their DNA fingerprints by region and statistically analyzed the results to determine the relative proportions of these clan groups in nearly two dozen specific regions of the Isles. The review highlights the precision of his methods, which can identify heritage "groups" of one, two, or three tested subjects and map them with dots on a map.

Beyond the genetic analysis, Sykes intersperses his surveys with the region's specific mythological and historical heritage. An adept historian, he traces the Isles from before the last Ice Age, catalogs archaeological evidence, and analyzes the relationship between mythologies and their political manipulators. The review notes that Sykes covers the Roman invasion/occupation, Viking raids, Saxon conquest, and Norman conquest, as well as other tribal conquests within the Isles.

The reviewer emphasizes that the book does not support notions of a "master race." Sykes is commended for his effort to simply describe biological heritage and avoid comparative judgments or taking sides, even in modern conflicts. The book is deemed valuable for anyone with an interest in human history and genetic heritages, particularly for those descended from the peoples of the British Isles.

Whether the reader is interested in genetic discussions, mythological stories, or historical and cultural identities, the book is accessible without special education or training. It is recommended as a starting point for understanding the Celts, Picts, hunter-gatherers, earliest farmers, and seagoing adventurers of the eastern Atlantic.

Related Material:

• The review also lists related materials by Bryan Sykes:
• DNA USA: A Genetic Portrait of America
• Adam's Curse: A Future Without Men
• The Seven Daughters of Eve: The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry

It also mentions Oxford Ancestors, a commercial genetic analysis service spun off from Sykes's work, and the website www.bloodoftheisles.net, which lists details of Sykes's data.

Note from PS3 (Reviewer):

The reviewer adds a note that the book predates many recent discoveries in human evolutionary development. For instance, Sykes's examination of DNA did not find evidence of Neanderthals, whereas current knowledge indicates that everyone with a post-African diaspora heritage carries a small percentage of Neanderthal DNA due to interbreeding. Similarly, Denisovan hominids, known from limited specimens, have left DNA markers in many modern humans, potentially including some of the Islanders studied by Sykes. Despite these later findings, the book is considered recent enough to be valuable for serious study.

Phactum Calendar of Events

The magazine also includes a "Phactum Calendar" listing various events related to science, history, and culture, primarily in the Philadelphia area, from September 2014 through October 2014.

• **Key Events Mentioned in the Calendar:
• **
• PhACT Events: Monthly meetings hosted by Dr. David Cattell, Chairman of the Physics Department at Community College of Philadelphia. These include lectures by various professors on topics such as media perceptions of paranormal research, the apocalypse meme, and neuroethics.
• Science on Tap: Monthly gatherings featuring presentations by scientists, often at National Mechanics in Philadelphia.
• Laurel Hill Cemetery Events: Numerous tours and performances are scheduled at Laurel Hill Cemetery, including Edgar Allan Poe tours, historical walking tours (e.g., "Buried in the Land of Strangers," "Sinners, Scandals and Suicides," "From Deutschland to Deadland"), theatrical performances ("The Way of All Flesh"), film screenings ("Cinema in the Cemetery"), and concerts ("Music for the Hearing Eye").
• The Philadelphia Area Center for the History of Science (PACHS): Maintains an extensive calendar of events.
• Lectures at the Free Library of Philadelphia: Includes talks by authors such as Ken Burns and Geoffrey C. Ward on "The Roosevelts," and Steven Pinker on writing style.
• Lectures at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Features discussions on topics like "Postwar Urban America," "Ignorant was Bliss: How the Medical Community Abetted the Assassination of a President," and "Grandma's Remedies."
• Lectures at the Chemical Heritage Foundation: Includes Brown Bag lectures on topics such as "Emil Fischer's Dream: A 'Synthetic-Chemical Biology' in the Early 20th Century" and "Wampum in Museum Collections: Tracking Broken Chains of Custody."
• Rittenhouse Astronomical Society: Holds monthly meetings at the Fels Planetarium.
• Wagner Free Institute of Science Events: Includes presentations on "Organizing Nature: Joseph Leidy and the Design of the Wagner Free Institute of Science" and "Family Open House - Animals in Costumes."
• University of Pennsylvania Museum Events: Features lectures on "The Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza" and "Reports from the Field" by Kolb Society of Fellows.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine "Phactum" appears to focus on science, history, and culture, with a particular emphasis on events and lectures in the Philadelphia area. The editorial stance, as reflected in the book review and the calendar of events, is one of intellectual curiosity, accessibility, and engagement with both scientific and historical topics. The review of Sykes's book highlights the value of making complex scientific information accessible to a general audience and the importance of interdisciplinary approaches that combine science with history and culture. The calendar of events showcases a diverse range of topics, from astronomy and genetics to historical tours and literary discussions, suggesting an interest in a broad spectrum of knowledge and public engagement. The inclusion of notes from the reviewer, such as the one regarding the book's timeliness relative to recent scientific discoveries, indicates a commitment to providing context and critical perspective. The overall tone is informative and aims to connect readers with opportunities for learning and exploration.

Title: Phactum
Issue: July/August/September 2014
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Phactum serves as the primary communication vehicle for the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT), detailing a schedule of events and providing information about the organization. The publication is distributed quarterly.

Featured Events and Lectures

The magazine lists a comprehensive calendar of events, primarily lectures and talks, taking place in and around Philadelphia during the specified period. These events cover a wide range of topics, reflecting the broad interests of the association.

Historical and Cultural Events:

• Laurel Hill Cemetery Tours: The "Fourth Friday Tour Series: Hot Spots and Storied Plots" offers an informative overview of Laurel Hill Cemetery's history, art, and notable figures. The October 24, 2014, tour focuses on the cemetery's marble masterpieces and historical narratives. The "10th Annual Gravediggers' Ball" is highlighted as a fundraiser for the Friends of Laurel Hill Cemetery, supporting its preservation and accessibility.
• American Revolution Round Table: Several events are listed, including a talk on "A People Harrassed and Exhausted on the 1st Hunterdon County Militia" by William Kidder on November 4, 2014, and "The Forging of American Independence, 1774-1776" by Richard R. Beeman on November 4, 2014, both at Washington Memorial Chapel in Valley Forge. Another event on November 24, 2014, at MaGerks Pub and Grill features Dr. John J. McLaughlin speaking on "Black Loyalists."
• Friends of Valley Forge Park: An event on December 2, 2014, at Washington Memorial Chapel, titled "Give Me a Fast Ship: The Continental Navy," explores the history of the Continental Navy through the research of author Tim McGrath.

Science and Astronomy Events:

• Science on Tap: This recurring event, hosted at National Mechanics in Philadelphia, features informal presentations by scientists followed by discussion. Scheduled dates include November 10, 2014, and December 8, 2014, with the latter hosted by the Wagner Free Institute of Science.
• Rittenhouse Astronomical Society: A lecture is scheduled for Wednesday, November 12, 2014, at 7:15 PM at the Fels Planetarium, The Franklin Institute.
• Philadelphia Nerd Nite: Scheduled for Wednesday, November 12, 2014, at 7:00 PM at Frankford Hall, this event promises "science discussions, good food, good company, and plenty of beer."
• Night Skies in the Joel N. Bloom Observatory: Hosted by The Franklin Institute, this monthly stargazing event offers views of celestial objects through telescopes and includes a Fels Planetarium show and a lecture on astronomical topics. It is suitable for ages 8 and up.
• PhACT Lecture: A lecture titled "Neuroethics: the Perils and Potential of Brain Science" by Ted Schick, Professor of Philosophy at Muhlenberg College, is scheduled for Saturday, November 15, 2014, at 2:00 PM.
• Wagner Free Institute of Science: An event on November 14, 2014, features a talk on "A Sip of Science Honoring Dr. Peter Dodson for his groundbreaking work on dinosaurs and vertebrate paleontology."

Other Events:

• Delaware Valley Amateur Astronomers: An event on November 14, 2014, at Radnor Township Municipal Building, features Bart Fried discussing "The History of the Telescope: Old Light, New Insight."

Organization Information and Membership

Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT):

The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking expresses gratitude to the Community College of Philadelphia and Dr. David Cattell for hosting PhACT and providing access to facilities. PhACT aims to serve Philadelphia as a learning institution by hosting talks on engaging and educational topics.

Membership and Subscriptions:

Information is provided for supporting PhACT's aims. Annual membership is $15, with a $10 option for students that includes email delivery of Phactum. US Mail delivery is $25. Checks should be payable to PhACT and mailed to 653 Garden Road, Glenside, PA 19038. Donations for additional support and High School Science Fair prizes are also accepted.

Phactum Editor and Article Use Policy:

Ray Haupt is the editor of Phactum. The magazine is distributed four times a year. The publication welcomes letters, rebuttals, ideas, essays, poetry, and opinion pieces. Materials originating in Phactum may be reprinted by groups recognized in CSI's international network of skeptics organizations, with proper credit. Other publications must obtain permission from PhACT.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the promotion of critical thinking, scientific inquiry, historical exploration, and public education through lectures and events. The editorial stance, as suggested by the organization's name and the inclusion of a quote from Woodrow Wilson, emphasizes the importance of liberty and resistance against governmental overreach. The organization actively engages the community by providing accessible and diverse educational programming.