Phactum - 2013 04 - April

Magazine Overview

Title: Phactum
Issue: April 2013
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT)

This issue of Phactum, the newsletter and propaganda organ of the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, focuses on upcoming events, scientific discussions, and skeptical inquiries.

Philadelphia Science Festival with James Randi

The cover and several pages highlight PhACT's contribution to the 2013 Philadelphia Science Festival. In partnership with the Franklin Institute, PhACT hosted James "The Amazing" Randi for a science-oriented lecture and illusion show on Saturday, April 20, 2013, from 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM at the Franklin Institute. The event was free and open to the public, requiring registration. Randi, known as a magician and escape artist, is also recognized as a leading investigator and demystifier of paranormal and pseudoscientific claims. He has authored several books on the subject and his work is supported by the James Randi Education Foundation. A $1,000,000 prize offered by the foundation for proof of paranormal abilities remains unclaimed.

PhACT Expedition to the Heinz NWR

An article details an upcoming PhACT expedition to the Heinz National Wildlife Refuge on Saturday, May 18, 2013. The expedition's goal is to search for the 'Ape Boy of the Chester Swamps,' a purported half-ape, half-human cryptid. The guide for the expedition is Don Nigroni, a volunteer Weed Warrior at Heinz. The article also notes the presence of new wildlife in the urban refuge, including nesting bald eagles, North American beavers, and river otters, providing photographic evidence of these species and their habitats, taken by Don Nigroni and others.

Letters to the Editor

Two letters address different topics. Alfred Erpel suggests that Phactum could publish articles on the negative impacts of alcohol, proposing a sustained focus on the issue. Howard J. Wilk writes about a peculiar experience of receiving unsolicited coupons for Dr Pepper and Freschetta pizza, questioning the sender's identity and motive. He also reflects on the statistical unlikelihood of randomly landing on specific Wikipedia pages, relating it to his previous discussions in Phactum.

Skepticism and Ad Hoc Hypotheses

Another letter, from Mitchell Brown, discusses the concept of falsifiability in scientific theories, particularly in relation to the work of Karl Popper. Brown critiques 'Ad Hoc-kians' who, he argues, do not engage in genuine scientific inquiry by avoiding falsifiable conditions and instead rely on 'educated beliefs' or 'informed beliefs.' He touches upon the debate surrounding the universe as a 'closed system' and the concept of 'nothingness,' suggesting that such arguments are often used by those promoting higher-power beliefs and that skeptics can be drawn into their terminological traps.

Ig Nobel Prize

Ray Haupt's 'Various Ruminations' column discusses the Ig Nobel Prizes, an event that honors scientific achievements that make people laugh and then think. He highlights the work of Improbable Research and its publication, 'Annals of Improbable Research.' The 23rd Ig Nobel Prize ceremony was scheduled for September 12, 2013. The column also mentions the discovery of a new Devonian fish species, *Holoptychius bergmanni*, by Dr. Ted Daeschler and his colleagues from the Tiktaalik research team, noting its size and habitat.

Meeting Report: Museum of Scientifically Proven Supernatural and Paranormal Phenomena

Mark Meyer reports on a presentation given by Bob Glickman, President of PhACT, about the 'Museum of Scientifically Proven Supernatural and Paranormal Phenomena.' Glickman shared his personal journey to skepticism, his experiences as a nurse, and his philosophy on how to effectively communicate skeptical ideas. He advocates for making skepticism engaging and humorous rather than confrontational, using 'exhibits' like empty shelves labeled 'Alien Technology Collection' or amusing quotes.

Other Content

The issue also includes a 'Calendar of Events' and a 'Question of the Day' segment. The Carver Science Fair is mentioned, with PhACT prizes awarded for excellence in critical thinking to middle school students. A quote from George Washington Carver is featured at the end of the science fair report, and a quote from Isaac Watts is on the cover.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum are skepticism, critical thinking, and the scientific investigation of pseudoscientific claims. The publication consistently promotes a rational and evidence-based approach to understanding the world, as exemplified by its coverage of James Randi's work, discussions on scientific methodology, and reports on natural phenomena. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific inquiry and the debunking of paranormal or unsubstantiated claims.

Title: Phactum
Issue: April 2013
Volume: 11
Cover Headline: Therapeutic Touch and Me
Author: Bob Glickman

This issue of Phactum delves into the nature of belief, skepticism, and critical thinking, primarily through the personal narrative of Bob Glickman, a registered nurse and president of PhACT (Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking).

Therapeutic Touch and Me by Bob Glickman

Glickman recounts his journey from a childhood filled with belief in figures like Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, and the Tooth Fairy, to a more critical and evidence-based worldview. He describes how the sheer logistics of Santa delivering gifts to all houses began to stretch his reality, introducing 'static' into his previously clear 'signal.' His religious upbringing in the Roman Catholic faith also presented a paradigm that he eventually questioned, leading to a period of feeling adrift.

A significant turning point for Glickman was witnessing the exposure of psychic Uri Geller by magician James Randi on The Tonight Show. This event, along with Randi's subsequent work and TV specials like 'Exploring Psychic Powers Live,' solidified Glickman's skepticism towards claims of supernatural abilities, categorizing them as 'static.' He also details the exposure of televangelist Peter Popoff, who was secretly prompted by his wife via radio, highlighting how easily static can be arranged to look like signal.

Glickman's career as a nurse exposed him to people in various states of pain and distress. He contrasts the roles of nurses in different settings, from floor nursing to the emergency room, emphasizing the importance of empathy and the challenges of dealing with life-altering events. He notes how fear and pain are often exploited by those seeking to control others.

The article discusses the author's involvement with PhACT, an organization dedicated to critical thinking, which formed partly due to the influence of James Randi and Joe Nickell. Glickman expresses his interest in a broad scope for critical inquiry, focusing on psychics, UFOs, and alternative medicine, while respecting people's coping mechanisms.

A central focus is the investigation of Therapeutic Touch (TT), a practice described as a contemporary interpretation of ancient healing methods involving the modulation of human energy fields. Glickman recounts his skepticism towards TT, particularly after an article in 'Today's OR Nurse' suggested its use in operating rooms. He details a TT Challenge test involving TTP Nancy Woods, where initial claims of differentiating energy fields were made. However, in a double-blind test, Woods's success rate dropped to chance levels, leading Glickman to conclude that TT, like other phenomena he investigates, is a source of 'static.' He notes that despite such findings, TT continues to be recognized in nursing, with 'Disturbed Energy Field' as an official diagnosis.

Adaptability: The Mark of Actual Intelligence by Paul Schlueter III

This section explores the concept of adaptability as a key trait for human survival and evolution. Adaptability is defined as the ability to change actions and behaviors in response to circumstances, allowing humanity to spread across the planet. It is distinguished from adaptation, which is a result of genetic chance modifications. The author argues that true adaptability involves mentally perceiving beneficial behaviors and consciously choosing them, requiring consciousness and the ability to predict outcomes.

The article draws parallels between human adaptability and the development of tools and skills by early ancestors. It also touches upon the human tendency to create complex belief systems, myths, and religions, often leading to conflict as groups try to impose their perspectives. The rise of rational thinkers and scientific inquiry is presented as a progression towards understanding truth, particularly in the physical world, and adapting behaviors accordingly.

Schlueter III discusses the legal system's conservatism, particularly the doctrine of 'finality of conviction,' which can resist the admission of new evidence, such as DNA, that might overturn older convictions. He uses the example of Galileo's discovery and the ongoing debate about mandatory life sentences for juveniles to illustrate how legal standards evolve slowly and can be influenced by political factors.

The author posits that even science is subject to bias and funding influences, suggesting that a future ideal might involve thinking machines to ensure rational decision-making free from human bias. Ultimately, adaptability is presented as a choice that continues to serve humanity as long as it is exercised freely.

Pursuing Pain Relief: Opium in the World of William Penn by Clarissa F. Dillon, Ph.D.

This article investigates the historical use of opium and its derivatives, particularly laudanum, for pain relief in colonial America. It recounts an anecdote from a historical reenactment at The 1696 Thomas Massey House, where a re-enactor claimed doctors administered laudanum to troops before battle. The author, Clarissa F. Dillon, sought to verify this claim but found no supporting documentation from the American Revolution era, suggesting the practice might have originated from the Civil War.

Dillon also shares a story from a friend about a woman who used laudanum to cope with the drudgery of housework in colonial times, keeping a supply hidden in the chimney. The article notes that opium products have been available for centuries, derived from the milky sap of the *Papaver somniferum* poppy, and processed into medicinal preparations for sleep and to suppress distillations.

Other Content

Poetry

The issue includes two poems: "Ere Time began..." and "Lights into life..." by Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), from his work 'The Temple of Nature,' describing the origins of life and organic evolution. Another poem, "A potent quack..." by George Crabbe, is also featured.

Quotes

Notable quotes include one from Voltaire: "The art of medicine consists of amusing the patient while Nature cures the disease." Another quote is from Isaac Asimov: "I believe in evidence. I believe in observation, measurement, and reasoning, confirmed by independent observers. I'll believe anything, no matter how wild and ridiculous, if there is evidence for it."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around critical thinking, skepticism versus belief, the scientific investigation of paranormal and alternative claims, and the historical context of various practices. The editorial stance, as represented by Bob Glickman and the publication Phactum, strongly favors evidence-based reasoning and challenges unsubstantiated claims, particularly in the realms of pseudoscience and alternative medicine. There is a clear emphasis on distinguishing between 'signal' (evidence-based data) and 'static' (unsupported beliefs or deceptions). The issue also explores the evolution of thought, adaptability, and the complexities of human belief systems, from childhood myths to organized religion and legal paradigms.

Phactum, April 2013, Volume 21, presents a multifaceted exploration of historical medicinal practices and contemporary scientific and cultural events. The issue delves into the historical use of opium and its derivative, laudanum, in 18th-century America, alongside a biographical sketch of the influential physician and alchemist Paracelsus. Complementing these historical pieces is a comprehensive calendar of events hosted or promoted by PhACT (Philadelphia Area Center for the History of Science) and affiliated organizations for April 2013, covering a diverse range of topics and locations primarily in the Philadelphia area.

Historical Articles

Opium and Laudanum in 18th Century America

The issue details the widespread use of opium and laudanum in 18th-century America. Pharmaceutical manuals of the period provided information on preparations available in shops, and newspapers advertised opium for sale. Frederick Phile and William Richards were among those who offered opium, while James Peters advertised laudanum as a "soporific tincture." Laudanum, or Tincture of Opium, could be prepared by physicians, apothecaries, or even ordinary housewives. It was used in "black anodyne drops" and as an ingredient in pain-killers for conditions like toothaches. Elizabeth Drinker reported using laudanum for pain and administering opiates for abdominal issues. Local women also used laudanum drops for babies suffering from colic.

The text notes that laudanum was also used in less conventional situations, citing the case of James Duning, who exhibited strange behavior and was given liquid laudanum by "WD" in an attempt to calm him. The article also touches upon the potential dangers, mentioning that the advertisement bound into a book spoke of "injurious effects of a long course of opium," hinting at an early understanding of addiction.

Paracelsus: Alchemist and Physician

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493–1541), known as Paracelsus. A German-Swiss alchemist and physician, he adopted the name Paracelsus after graduating from the University of Vienna. He observed that opium was more soluble in alcohol than water and experimented with opium/alcohol concoctions to develop a "tincture of opium" he called "laudanum." His version of laudanum contained crushed pearl, musk, and amber. The article notes that laudanum, as listed in the London Pharmacopoeia (1618), was a pill made from opium, saffron, castor, ambergris, musk, and nutmeg. Laudanum was a crucial remedy for 17th and 18th-century physicians for pain relief, constipation, and sleeplessness, and remains available as an "unapproved drug" regulated under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Paracelsus' contributions extended beyond laudanum. He studied syphilis and developed a mercury-based treatment, investigated miner's disease (silicosis), attributing it to inhaling metal vapors, and studied goiter, linking it to metals and proposing a mercury/sulphur compound treatment. He believed that poisonous substances, when administered properly, could serve as remedies, developing the idea of "like cures like," which anticipated homeopathy. The issue quotes Paracelsus: "All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison...."

PhACT Calendar: April 2013 Events

The PhACT Calendar provides a detailed listing of events for April 2013, primarily in Philadelphia and surrounding areas. These events cover a wide spectrum of interests, including:

• Science and Technology: Events include participation in the Philadelphia Science Festival with guest speaker James Randi, a talk on "Ultrafast DNA sequencing," and discussions on the history of science and technology.
• History and Culture: Lectures and tours focus on topics such as the Industrial Revolution, the history of museums, the American Revolution, colonial cooking, taxidermy, and the history of Ottoman alchemy.
• Astronomy: An "Astronomy Night: Stargazing from the Cemetery" and an "Open Dome Night" are scheduled.
• Social Issues and Health: Events address climate change, AIDS denialism, and organ transplantation.
• Special Interest Tours: Laurel Hill Cemetery hosts various themed walking tours, including "Footprints of Angels," "Revolutionary War Heroes," "Nature in the Necropolis," "Jewish Notables," and "Hot Spots and Storied Plots."
• Regular Gatherings: Science on Tap and SOCRATES CAFE offer ongoing opportunities for discussion and learning.

Details for each event include date, time, location, a brief description, cost, and registration information or website links. The calendar emphasizes events that are free and open to the public, with some requiring advance registration or a fee.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum are the historical interplay between science, medicine, and culture, particularly in the colonial and 18th-century American context, and the promotion of scientific and historical literacy through public events. The magazine serves as a platform for both in-depth historical analysis and community engagement with current scientific and historical topics. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting accessible education and fostering a deeper understanding of science and history through lectures, discussions, and hands-on experiences. The extensive listing of events suggests a commitment to connecting the academic and public spheres, encouraging participation and lifelong learning within the Philadelphia community and beyond.

Phactum, Volume 31, April 2013 issue, is the primary publication of The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT). This issue focuses on upcoming events and community engagement, alongside information about the association itself.

Events and Activities

Laurel Hill Cemetery Events

The magazine details several events taking place at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. "Lunar Strolls" are scheduled for the third Friday of each month from May through August, offering participants a guided tour focused on landscape photography with ambient iridescence. The cost is $15 per person, with advance reservations recommended. The "Fourth Friday Tour Series: Hot Spots and Storied Plots" is a new monthly offering on the fourth Friday of each month at 10:00 am, providing an informative overview of the cemetery's history, art, and notable figures. May's tour is specifically mentioned.

Memorial Day Observance

On Sunday, May 26, 2013, at 12:00 pm, Laurel Hill Cemetery will host a recreation of the traditional Decoration Day service by the Grand Army Meade Post #1. This event commemorates the first Memorial Day Observance in Philadelphia in 1868 and honors veterans. The ceremony will take place at the resting place of General George Gordon Meade. Admission is free, and it is co-sponsored by several historical and veterans' organizations. A reception with refreshments will follow.

Science on Tap

On Monday, June 10, 2013, at 6:00 pm, "Science on Tap" will be held at National Mechanics in Philadelphia. This monthly gathering features informal presentations by scientists or experts, followed by discussion, food, and drinks. The event is free and open to the public, with an age restriction of 21 or accompanied by a parent.

American Revolution Round Table

On Wednesday, May 22, 2013, at 7:15 pm, the American Revolution Round Table of Philadelphia will host Nancy Rubin Stuart at Saint Peter's Lutheran Church in Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania. Stuart will discuss her new book, "Defiant Brides: The Untold Story of Two Revolutionary-Era Women and the Radical Men they Married." The event is free and open to the public.

PhACT Association Information

Membership and Support

The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking expresses gratitude for the hospitality of the Community College of Philadelphia and Dr. David Cattell. PhACT aims to serve Philadelphia by hosting engaging and educational talks. The magazine includes a form for supporting PhACT, with annual membership dues set at $15 for email delivery of Phactum and $10 for students. US Mail delivery is available for $25. Donations are also encouraged, particularly for the High School Science Fair Student Prize Funds.

Phactum Editor and Content

Phactum is described as the main propaganda organ for PhACT, published 6 times a year. Letters, ideas, short essays, poetry, opinion pieces, and feedback can be sent to the editor, Ray Haupt, at [email protected]. The publication outlines its policy for article use, stating that materials originating in Phactum may be reprinted by groups within CSI's international network of skeptics organizations, provided attribution is given to the author and PhACT. Other publications require permission.

PhACT Council 2012/13

The issue lists the PhACT Council for 2012/13, including Bob Glickman (President), Dr. David Cragin (Vice-President), Susan Glickman (Treasurer), Becky Strickland (Secretary), Eric Krieg (Past President), Wes Powers (Webmaster), Mike Caro, David Cattell, Ray Haupt, Dr. David Langdon, and Tom Napier.

Website

The official website for PhACT is listed as www.phact.org.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Phactum strongly promotes community engagement through educational events and historical commemorations. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of critical thinking, as evidenced by the association's name and its affiliation with skepticism networks. The publication encourages active participation from students and faculty, and solicits contributions from its readership, indicating a desire for open dialogue and intellectual exchange. The focus on science talks and historical accuracy aligns with a rationalist and evidence-based perspective.