Phactum - 2013 03 - March

Magazine Overview

Title: Phactum
Issue Date: March 2013
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking

This issue of Phactum, the newsletter and propaganda organ of the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT), covers a range of topics including skeptical inquiry, behavioral economics, creationism, and gambling. The issue features announcements for upcoming events, reports on past meetings, and discussions of relevant books and figures in the skeptical and scientific communities.

PhACT Meeting: Behavioral Economics and Libertarian Paternalism

The issue reports on a February 2013 meeting featuring Professor John Ruscio, who discussed "Behavioral Economics and the Libertarian Paternalism Approach to Policy." Dr. Ruscio explained that while classical economics assumes rational decision-making, behavioral economics incorporates psychological factors like cognitive limitations, biases, and self-control problems. Libertarian Paternalism aims to preserve freedom of choice while guiding people toward beneficial decisions. Dr. Ruscio reviewed five tools of this approach: changing default options (e.g., organ donation), facilitating commitments (e.g., using websites like stickK.com), implementing cooling-off periods (e.g., for marriage or divorce), altering information framing (e.g., EPA's MPG vs. gallons per 100 miles), and sin taxes. He also raised concerns about libertarian paternalism, including the irrationality of policymakers, the potential for nudges to be based on incomplete information, the failure to account for individual differences, the sacrifice of certain values, and the coercive nature of sin taxes. Dr. Ruscio also cautioned that paternalism can become a "shove" and that the loss of liberty needs to be weighed against public welfare gains.

James Randi and the Philadelphia Science Festival

The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, in partnership with the Franklin Institute, is hosting "The Amazing James Randi" for a science-oriented lecture and illusion show on Saturday, April 20, 2013, at the Franklin Institute. Randi, known as a magician and escape artist, is also a prominent investigator and demystifier of paranormal and pseudoscientific claims. He has authored several books on the subject and his work is supported by the James Randi Education Foundation, which offers a $1,000,000 prize for proof of paranormal abilities, which remains unclaimed. Randi's lecture is part of the 2013 Philadelphia Science Festival.

Duane Gish and the Creationism Debate

The issue features a tribute to Duane Gish (1921-2013), a prominent figure in the Creationist movement and a debater against evolutionary science. Gish, who held a Ph.D. in Chemistry, was a staunch advocate for creationism and a frequent participant in debates, often employing what is described as the "Gish Gallop" tactic. The article discusses his book "Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!" and includes a statement from John D. Morris of the Institute for Creation Research, who acknowledges Gish's prowess in debates but notes a specific debate where Gish did not win. The author of the article expresses curiosity about Gish's motivations for promoting pseudoscience despite his scientific background, suggesting factors like ego and religious fervor.

Gambling Notes

Several short articles address the topic of gambling. One discusses the ongoing debate about legalizing online gambling, with a professor from Buffalo State College arguing that prohibition doesn't work and legalization could recapture revenues, while opponents warn of dire consequences. Another note highlights Philadelphia's emergence as a significant gambling hub, with three new casinos and Pennsylvania becoming the second-largest gambling market in the country. A report from the University of Buffalo's Research Institute on Addictions indicates that the number of problem gamblers now exceeds those with alcohol dependence, particularly after age 21. Finally, a piece notes Silicon Valley's interest in online gambling as a lucrative business, with developers creating casual games that can be wagered on, currently targeting overseas markets.

Other Content

Letters to the Editor: A letter from Howard J. Wilk questions the claim that Claudene Christian, who died in the sinking of the replica Bounty by Hurricane Sandy, was a direct descendant of Fletcher Christian, the leader of the mutiny on HMS Bounty. Wilk cites research from the Pitcairn Islands Study Center, which found no evidence to support such a direct lineage.

"CAM" Cancer Therapy Guide: A review mentions "The Complete Guide to Complementary Therapies in Cancer Care" by Barrie Cassileth, Ph.D., which aims to help patients and professionals evaluate claims made for offbeat cancer treatments.

PhACT Expedition: An upcoming expedition to the John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum is announced, where participants will search for a local cryptid known as the "Ape Boy" and learn about the refuge's natural and historical significance.

Quotes: The issue includes quotes from J. William Fulbright and Boris Yeltsin on the importance of thinking and freedom of thought.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum are critical thinking, skepticism towards pseudoscience and unsubstantiated claims, and the importance of open discussion and evidence-based reasoning. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific inquiry and rationalism, as evidenced by the focus on debunking paranormal claims, discussing creationism vs. evolution, and exploring the psychological underpinnings of decision-making. The publication encourages participation from diverse viewpoints but maintains a commitment to scientific rigor and critical evaluation.

Title: Phactum
Issue: March 2013
Cover Headline: The Veritable Truth

This issue of Phactum, dated March 2013, features a prominent article titled "The Veritable Truth" by Paul Schlueter III, exploring the complex nature of truth and how humans perceive and interact with it. The magazine also includes a comprehensive calendar of events related to science, history, and skepticism, primarily in the Philadelphia area.

The Veritable Truth by Paul Schlueter III

The lead article, "The Veritable Truth," by Paul Schlueter III, delves into the philosophical concept of truth, distinguishing between various forms: Objective Truth, Revealed Truth, Relative Truth, and Intuitive Truth.

Objective Truth

Objective truth is defined as truth derived from clear physical evidence, with science being a primary domain for its pursuit. However, the article notes that even scientific truth is established over time through peer review, replication, and falsifiability, which helps weed out mistakes and bias. While science has revealed truths like the Earth orbiting the sun and the absence of little green men on Mars, it struggles to convince some about human-caused climate change. The author also points out that a society solely focused on objective truth might lack social fairness, potentially leading back to a "might makes right" scenario where only the fittest survive.

Revealed Truth

Revealed Truth is typically associated with religion, where prophets or mediums are believed to receive direct access to divine truths. The article highlights that Revealed Truth is often presented as absolute and not to be questioned, citing the Bible as an example of a text claimed to be the revealed word of God. It critiques the idea that such truths are solely accessible to a select few and notes the potential for conflict and claims of false prophets.

Relative Truth

Relative Truth is presented as a pernicious idea where truth is seen as subjective, dependent on individual upbringing, nationality, or personal beliefs. This concept is criticized for enabling the creationist argument to be placed on equal footing with evolution. The author argues that under relative truth, the strongest group's opinion prevails, leading to a "might makes right" dynamic.

Intuitive Truth

Intuitive Truth arises from subconscious analysis of memories, facts, and inferences. It is described as a valuable tool for quick decision-making, particularly for individuals trained in critical thinking. However, the article warns against over-reliance on intuition, especially in complex emotional situations or when it is influenced by ingrained biases or dogma. The author suggests that while intuition can be useful in emotional contexts, it should be critically examined.

The Ultimate Truth

Schlueter concludes that there is no single "Ultimate Truth" that can universally guide humanity. He posits that humans generally lack the intellect and self-discipline to accurately analyze the "big picture" and consistently prioritize truth over personal biases. Instead, he advocates for a balanced approach, considering objective, revealed, relative, and intuitive truths, while critically examining biases and influences. The solution lies in finding a middle ground, employing compromise, and striving for one's "honest best effort" rather than seeking a perfect answer.

PhACT Events Calendar

The magazine includes an extensive calendar of events for March 2013, primarily focused on the Philadelphia area, organized by various groups and institutions. These events cover a wide range of topics:

• PhACT Meetings: Regular meetings of the PhACT (Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking) group, featuring discussions on topics like "Museum of Scientifically Proven Supernatural and Paranormal Phenomena" and participation in the Philadelphia Science Festival with James Randi as a guest speaker.
• PhACT Expeditions: An expedition to the John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge to look for the "Ape Boy."
• Lectures and Talks: Events at institutions like the Community College of Philadelphia, The Franklin Institute, the Wagner Free Institute of Science, the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and the University of Pennsylvania Museum. Topics include:
• Animal behavior and cognition (Alexandra Horowitz on dog cognition).
• Archaeology and ancient history (Giza Pyramids, Paris Metro history, Greece and Asia in the Late Bronze Age).
• Science and technology (Liquid Crystals, Neurotheology, Biopharmaceutical IND applications, Green City, Clean Waters).
• Social issues (AIDS Denialism).
• History of science and medicine (Robert L. Sadoff Lecture on the physician's role, Westbrook Free Lectureship on Evolution, History of Science in Japan).
• Environmental science (Sustainable Seas).
• Philosophy and critical thinking (SOCRATES CAFE, Humanist Association of Greater Philadelphia events).
• Special Tours: "Night Skies in the Observatory" at The Franklin Institute, "Hot Spots and Storied Plots" and "Familiar Philadelphia" tours at Laurel Hill Cemetery.
• Workshops: A "Hands-on Cooking Workshop" at the Thomas Massey House.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature of knowledge, belief, and truth, with a strong emphasis on critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and skepticism. The editorial stance appears to favor empirical evidence and reasoned analysis over dogma, blind faith, or unsubstantiated claims. The inclusion of events from organizations like PhACT and the Humanist Association of Greater Philadelphia, alongside lectures on scientific topics and historical research, underscores a commitment to promoting intellectual discourse and challenging conventional wisdom. The magazine actively promotes events that encourage questioning, learning, and the application of critical thinking skills to various aspects of life, from personal beliefs to societal issues.

Title: Phactum
Issue Date: March 2013
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT)
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Phactum, dated March 2013, serves as a comprehensive calendar of events, primarily lectures, tours, and workshops, taking place in Philadelphia during April 2013. The publication is the main propaganda organ for the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, aiming to inform the public about a wide array of engaging and educational topics.

Featured Events and Articles

The magazine lists numerous events hosted by various institutions, often in partnership with PhACT. These events cover a broad spectrum of subjects:

History and Biography

• "A Vast Field of Suffering and Misery:" Florence Nightingale at Scutari: A lecture by Natasha McEnroe, Director of the Florence Nightingale Museum, examining the conditions of the Crimean War barracks hospital through the eyes of Nightingale and her team. (April 2, 2013, College of Physicians of Philadelphia)
• Master of the Mountain: Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves: A lecture and booksigning by historian Henry Wiencek, discussing his controversial book that delves into Jefferson's complex relationship with slavery, based on new archaeological and historical evidence. (April 3, 2013, American Philosophical Society)
• "Great Battles" - The Scopes Monkey Trial: Dr. Janet Monge discusses the landmark 1925 legal case involving John Scopes, which centered on the teaching of evolution in public schools and fueled the debate between modernists and religious fundamentalists. (April 3, 2013, University of Pennsylvania Museum)
• "Frick's Lock to Du Pont - How the Industrial Revolution Saved America": A lecture by Gene Pisale. (April 8, 2013, Delaware County Institute of Science)
• "The Role of Place in Technology and Spirituality.": A lecture by John Staudenmaier, SJ, PH.D., exploring the intersection of technology, spirituality, and human behavior. (April 9, 2013, Chestnut Hill College)
• Cass Sunstein | Simpler: The Future of Government: A talk by Cass Sunstein, author and former Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, on how understanding human nature can influence government and business. (April 19, 2013, Free Library of Philadelphia)
• LIBERTY or DEATH: REVOLUTIONARY WAR HEROES of LAUREL HILL: A walking tour focusing on the stories of patriots from the American Revolution. (April 20, 2013, Laurel Hill Cemetery)
• Reporting The American Revolution: A talk by Bruce Mowday on the Battles of Brandywine and Germantown. (April 24, 2013, Brittingham's Irish Pub and Restaurant)
• The Dispensable Nation: American Foreign Policy in Retreat: A lecture by Vali Nasr, former State Department advisor, discussing U.S. foreign policy. (April 25, 2013, Free Library of Philadelphia)

Science and Technology

• Philadelphia Nerd Nite: An informal gathering for sharing diverse interests. (April 3, 2013, Frankford Hall)
• "Ultrafast DNA sequencing - Speed reading the blueprint of life": A talk by Robert Johnson on advancements in DNA sequencing technology. (April 10, 2013, World Cafe Live)
• Frans de Waal | The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search of Humanism Among the Primates: A lecture by primatologist Frans de Waal on the biological roots of human morality. (April 11, 2013, Free Library of Philadelphia)
• PhACT Event with The Amazing James Randi: Part of The Philadelphia Science Festival. (April 20, 2013, Franklin Institute)

Arts, Culture, and Special Interest

• Mega-Bad Movie Night: TBA: An event featuring "awesomely awful" movies with scientific commentary, cash bar, snacks, and live animals. (April 4, 2013, The Academy of Natural Sciences)
• DESIGNING for the DEAD: THE ART and ARCHITECTURE of LAUREL HILL: A walking tour of Laurel Hill Cemetery showcasing monuments and the work of notable architects and artists. (April 6, 2013, Laurel Hill Cemetery)
• Civil War Weekend: A re-enactment event by the 3rd Regiment Infantry United States Colored Troops. (April 6-7, 2013, Fort Mifflin)
• Hands-on Cooking Workshop: Puddings!: A workshop at the Thomas Massey House. (April 13, 2013, Thomas Massey House)
• FOOTPRINTS of ANGELS at LAUREL HILL: A tour of Laurel Hill Cemetery featuring beautiful depictions of angels in its monuments. (April 14, 2013, Laurel Hill Cemetery)
• Science on Tap: A Philadelphia Science Café event. (April 15, 2013, National Mechanics)
• NATURE in the NECROPOLIS: AN EARTH DAY EXPLORATION: A walking tour of Laurel Hill Cemetery focusing on its natural environment and horticultural specimens. (April 20, 2013, Laurel Hill Cemetery)
• Display and demonstration of using an 18th-century replica still to make a medicinal water. (April 20, 2013, Colonial Pennsylvania Plantation)

Membership and Support

PhACT solicits support through membership and donations, with options for annual memberships at $15 (email delivery) or $25 (US Mail delivery). Donations are also accepted for general support and for the High School Science Fair Student Prize Funds. The magazine also provides contact information for the PhACT editor, Ray Haupt, and lists the PhACT Council members for 2012/13.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Phactum revolve around the promotion of critical thinking, scientific inquiry, historical exploration, and cultural enrichment within the Philadelphia area. The editorial stance is one of encouraging public engagement with intellectual and educational pursuits, offering a diverse range of events that cater to varied interests. The publication clearly aims to foster a community interested in learning and discussion, as evidenced by its partnerships with academic institutions and cultural organizations, and its open invitation for public participation in its events. The emphasis on skepticism is implicitly present through the organization's name and its association with events like those featuring James Randi, a noted skeptic.