Phactum - 2012 11 - November

Magazine Overview

Phactum, the newsletter and propaganda organ of the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, presents its November/December 2012 issue. The magazine features a cover story titled "Science vs. Politics: A Post-Election Look at the Political Climate for Science," by Kenneth Silber, a political writer and columnist. The issue also includes a quote from H.L. Mencken on the nature of truth and falsehood, and announces an upcoming PhACT meeting on November 17, 2012, featuring Dr. David Cattell and Kenneth Silber.

Articles and Features

Science vs. Politics: A Post-Election Look at the Political Climate for Science

This main article, by Kenneth Silber, explores concerns about "anti-science" tendencies in U.S. politics. It discusses accusations of hostility or ignorance regarding scientific evidence from political parties and ideological factions. The article highlights tensions between science and the right, particularly concerning climate change, evolution, and embryonic stem cell research. It also notes countercharges that the left is antithetical to science on issues like genetically modified foods, vaccines, and nuclear energy. Silber, senior editor of 'Research' and a political columnist, has written on science-related issues for various publications including 'Skeptical Inquirer' and 'Scientific American Mind'.

Skepticism and Religious Claims

An excerpt from Paul Kurtz's work, "Why I Am a Skeptic about Religious Claims," defines a "skeptic" as someone who doubts theories or hypotheses unless they are able to verify them on adequate evidential grounds. Kurtz emphasizes that skepticism in religion is not dogmatic but rather a refusal to accept claims without adequate evidence.

Letters to the Editor

Several letters from Howard J. Wilk address various topics:

• Invasive Species and Honeybees: Wilk questions the logic of eradicating invasive plant species while promoting honeybees, which are not native to the Americas.
• Gay Conversion Therapy: Wilk disagrees with the stance of the October Phactum that banned 'gay conversion' therapy, arguing that individuals should be permitted to change their sexuality if they desire, and that science and medicine, not lawmakers, should sort out such issues.
• Attributed Quotes: Wilk challenges the authenticity of a quote attributed to Benjamin Franklin about people voting themselves money, noting its prevalence on the internet but lack of appearance in reputable quotation collections or Franklin's papers. He contrasts this with a quote from Franklin's letter to Robert Morris regarding taxation and public convention.
• The "Jew" Quote: Wilk humorously points out a quote attributed to Benjamin Franklin about "the Jew" being a danger, found online and in a book by Claude-Anne Lopez, but traces its origin to a 1934 publication associated with an American Nazi movement, highlighting the need for critical thinking.
• "Mister we could use a man like Alexander again": Wilk shares a personal experience of a lyrical coincidence and questions how he read the Sunday New York Times on a Saturday, suggesting it might be a "remarkable phenomenon."

Various Ruminations

Collected and written by Ray Haupt, this section includes several short pieces:

• Proof of the afterlife: Discusses Dr. Eben Alexander's experience of a Near Death Experience (NDE) and Out of Body Experience (OBE) after contracting meningitis, leading him to believe in consciousness after death. It notes Alexander's book "Proof of Heaven" and his appearances, as well as a coincidental appearance at the Edgar Cayce Association at the same time as the PhACT meeting.
• Alternative Medicine Developer Arrested: Reports on the arrest of Wassil Nowicky, developer of the cancer remedy 'ukrain', on suspicion of commercial fraud, citing a report from Dr. Edzard Ernst.
• Diamond in the Rough: A piece about Dan Fagnan of Wisconsin finding a 1.22-carat rough diamond in mud from a well, noting his local reputation as a "fruit loop" for gold-panning.
• Where is Judge Jones when you need him?: Questions the absence of Judge Jones, known for his role in the Intelligent Design Trial, as the presiding judge in L'Aquila, Italy, where seven scientists were sentenced for manslaughter charges related to an earthquake, despite the current impossibility of precise earthquake prediction.

How the Civil War Influenced the American Revolution and Climate Change

This section discusses a lecture by Clarissa Dillon, PhD, on how the Civil War influenced the interpretation of the American Revolution. It highlights how Northern writers, after winning the Civil War, re-interpreted history, downplaying the South's role in the Revolution and memorializing Northern leaders while omitting their slave-holding status. The article also touches on the popularized image of the 18th-century hearth. It then references a book, "Founding Myths: Stories That Hide Our Patriotic Past" by Ray Raphael, which challenges the narrative of the harsh winter at Valley Forge, presenting data suggesting it was not as severe as commonly believed, with temperatures in nearby Philadelphia only slightly above average and few hard freezes.

Paul Kurtz, R.I.P.

A tribute to Paul Winter Kurtz, a philosopher, skeptic, and humanist who passed away on October 20, 2012. Kurtz is recognized as a leader in the secular humanist and skeptic communities, having founded the Council for Secular Humanism, the Center for Inquiry, and the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (formerly CSICOP). The tribute includes a quote from Kurtz on "Free Inquiry into Science," emphasizing objective standards of evidence and rational coherence, and rejecting religious censorship.

Book Review: Edge of the Universe

A brief description of Paul Halpern's book "Edge of the Universe: A Voyage to the Cosmic Horizon and Beyond," which explores cosmology, the revolution in understanding the universe, and questions about its size, composition, and origins.

Spring 2013 Adult Education Courses

An announcement of free adult education courses offered by the Wagner Free Institute of Science, covering topics such as "How Plants Work," "Genetics: From Mendel to Watson & Crick and Beyond," "Vertebrate Anatomy," "Avant-garde Science, Avant-garde Art," and "Reading the Landscape of Philadelphia." A special workshop on "Beetle Basics" is also mentioned.

Meeting Report - October 2012: The Shadow Realm of Science

This report covers a PhACT meeting featuring Michael D. Gordin, author of "The Pseudoscience Wars: Immanuel Velikovsky and the Birth of the Modern Fringe." Gordin argues that philosophy is not the best tool for solving the demarcation problem between science and pseudoscience, suggesting that observing historical practices is more effective.

#### What is Pseudoscience?

The article defines pseudoscience and discusses the demarcation problem. It mentions Karl Popper's criterion of falsifiability and notes that it can sometimes exclude legitimate science. It also references Immanuel Velikovsky and his book "Worlds in Collision."

#### Letter from Albert Einstein to Immanuel Velikovsky

A reproduced letter from Albert Einstein to Immanuel Velikovsky dated August 27, 1952. Einstein explains that the rejection of Velikovsky's opinions stems from the precise calculations possible with the assumption of gravitation and inertia, making Velikovsky's speculations appear as an attempt to mislead, though Einstein later clarified that intentional misleading was foreign to Velikovsky.

#### The Velikovsky Affair

This section details the controversy surrounding Velikovsky's book "Worlds in Collision," published by Macmillan. The book proposed that the Solar System was rearranged around 1500 BC by a comet emitted from Jupiter. The scientific community's hostile reception, even before publication, is highlighted as a key factor in the book's success.

#### Conclusions on Pseudoscience

Michael D. Gordin concludes that accusations of pseudoscience are sensitive historical indicators of when the scientific community feels threatened. He states that there is no clear, systematic way to eradicate pseudoscience, comparing it to a "shadow" that emulates science because science is seen as worthy of emulation. He suggests that the existence of pseudoscience is paradoxically a sign that science is healthy.

Book: The Pseudoscience Wars

A description of Michael D. Gordin's book, "The Pseudoscience Wars: Immanuel Velikovsky and the Birth of the Modern Fringe." The book explores Velikovsky's career and writings, examining the changing definitions of science and pseudoscience, and their connection to historical events and fringe doctrines.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes critical thinking, skepticism, and the importance of evidence-based reasoning. The editorial stance appears to favor scientific inquiry and rationalism, while critically examining claims that lack empirical support or are presented without rigorous methodology. There is a clear skepticism towards pseudoscience, religious dogma, and the politicization of science. The magazine encourages readers to engage in thoughtful debate and to question established narratives, as exemplified by the "Letters to the Editor" section and the focus on the demarcation problem.

Title: Phactum
Issue: November/December 2012
Cover Headline: WHAT'S ON YOUR MIND? Clear or Fuzzy? The Line in the Sand

This issue of Phactum explores a range of complex topics, from the philosophy of science and the nature of consciousness to societal challenges like aging and dementia, and historical mysteries. The magazine features articles by Tom Medero, Albert Fried-Cassorla, Paul Schlueter III, and Don Nigroni, alongside event listings and book reviews.

Articles

Clear or Fuzzy? The Line in the Sand by Tom Medero

Tom Medero discusses his fascination with Dr. Michael Gordin's thesis on Karl Popper's criterion of demarcation. Medero delves into the philosophy of science, examining whether Popper's criterion effectively distinguishes genuine science from pseudoscience. He consults the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, which explains Popper's view that scientific theories are prohibitive and falsifiable, not verifiable. Medero argues that pseudoscientific theories, such as those concerning the planet Venus's origin or Velikovsky's claims, lack corroboration and falsifiability, and that their popularity stems from sensationalism rather than scientific merit. He concludes that while philosophical theses are open to argument, Popper's demarcation criteria are quite strict, and he questions how certain pseudoscientific ideas might have gained mainstream acceptance.

What is Consciousness? by Albert Fried-Cassorla

Albert Fried-Cassorla explores the profound mystery of consciousness, describing it as a phenomenon that is difficult to explain, though its aspects can be described. He posits that most people accept consciousness without questioning it, much like a fish accepts water. Fried-Cassorla highlights two fundamental mysteries: being inside our own consciousnesses and the potential for free will to originate something from nothing, which seems to violate the law of conservation of mass. He acknowledges the brain as a necessary precondition for the mind but suggests that neural activity are byproducts, not the essence of consciousness. The article touches upon the age-old debate of Free Will vs. Determinism, suggesting that if minds can generate 'something from nothing,' free will is a particular existence. Fried-Cassorla identifies as a materialist but finds the dialectic of consciousness to be a fascinating and essential aspect of being.

Long Term Care vs. Dementia by Paul Schlueter III

Paul Schlueter III addresses the growing concerns surrounding long-term care and dementia, particularly as the baby boomer generation ages. He cites statistics indicating a significant increase in Americans over 85 and the prevalence of chronic disabilities and cognitive impairments among the elderly. The article highlights the escalating costs of dementia care, projected to reach $1 trillion by 2050. Michael Wolff's anecdotal experience with his mother's dementia and his contemplation of a "do-it-yourself exit strategy" are discussed. Schlueter III shares personal reflections on the decline of relatives and the challenges of long-term care. He draws a parallel between the societal challenges of caring for an aging, potentially demented population and the correctional system, suggesting that prison might offer a form of state-funded care. The article prompts a serious dialogue about when society's best interests might outweigh the presumption of prolonging life indefinitely, advocating for a rational analysis of costs versus benefits and a publically accountable authority to make difficult decisions regarding end-of-life care.

Captain John Smith and the Green Haired Mermaid by Don Nigroni

Don Nigroni investigates the claim that Captain John Smith encountered a mermaid in the Caribbean. He examines descriptions from Michael Newton's "Hidden Animals" and E. Randall Floyd's "Great Southern Mysteries," which quote Smith describing a creature with a woman's upper body and a fish's lower body, with large eyes and long green hair. Nigroni also references a story by Alexandre Dumas from 1849 that contains a very similar description of a syren encountered by Captain John Smith. Nigroni points out historical discrepancies, noting that Smith was not in the West Indies in 1614 or 1611, the dates associated with the alleged sightings. He suspects that Newton and Floyd were actually quoting Dumas, directly or indirectly, and that the mermaid story is a fictional account that took on a life of its own, becoming accepted as historical fact despite Smith never mentioning it himself.

PhACT Events and Other Listings

The magazine includes a calendar of upcoming PhACT events, such as discussions on "Science vs. Politics," "AIDS Denialism," and talks on fallacies and lie detector tests. It also lists other community events, including a Socrates Cafe philosophical discussion group and a reading circle on "The Emergent Christ" hosted by The Institute for Religion and Science. Additionally, the Philadelphia Area Center for the History of Science (PACHS) calendar is promoted, featuring events on topics like "From Sails to Steel," "Genomics of Autism Spectrum Disorders," "Science on Tap" discussions on Mongolian insects, and lectures on "Fraud and Suspicion in the Atlantic Sugar Trade."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Phactum consistently emphasizes critical thinking, skepticism, and the rigorous application of scientific methodology. The articles challenge pseudoscientific claims, explore the philosophical underpinnings of science, and address complex societal issues with a rational and analytical approach. There is a clear editorial stance favoring empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and open discussion of challenging topics, even those that are uncomfortable or controversial, such as end-of-life decisions and the nature of consciousness. The magazine also promotes engagement with scientific and philosophical communities through its event listings.

Title: Phactum
Issue: November/December 2012
Publisher: The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking
Description: This issue of Phactum, published by The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, serves as a comprehensive listing of upcoming events, lectures, and discussions primarily focused on the Philadelphia area. The publication covers a wide range of topics including history, science, culture, astronomy, and politics, featuring prominent speakers and institutions.

Featured Events and Lectures

This issue details numerous events scheduled from November 2012 through February 2013.

• Maya Civilization and History:
• Simon Martin presented on "MAYA 2012: Lords of Time and co-author, Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens," exploring the connection between Maya royalty, ritual, and divine status. The program was held at the Free Library of Philadelphia.
• Dr. Anthony F. Aveni, author of "The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012," explored theories about the "end of the world" in December 2012, examining archaeological, iconographic, and epigraphic evidence, as well as astronomical and geological data. This lecture was part of the "MAYA 2012: Lords of Time" exhibition at the University of Pennsylvania Museum.

• American History and Politics:
• David Nasaw discussed his book "The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy" at the Free Library of Philadelphia.
• The Union League of Philadelphia marked its 150th anniversary with a discussion and walking tour titled "Love of Country Leads," focusing on its role in preserving the Union. This event was held at Laurel Hill Cemetery.
• Writer Ken Silber spoke on "Politics Vs Science" at a PhACT event.
• K. Lynn King portrayed Caroline Herschel in "A Cinderella Story" for the American Revolution Round Table of Philadelphia.
• William Ecenbarger presented "Kids for Cash: Two Judges, Thousands of Children, and a $2.8 Million Kickback Scheme," detailing a corruption case, at the Free Library of Philadelphia.
• Dr. Matthew Hersch lectured on "One Small Step for Tourism: Protecting America's Lunar Exploration Heritage" at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, discussing the challenges of preserving lunar exploration sites.
• The American Revolution Round Table of Philadelphia featured Mike Kochan discussing his book "The Turtle."
• Bob Woodward presented "The Price of Politics (A)" at the Free Library of Philadelphia, offering an intimate examination of how President Obama and leaders attempted to restore the American economy.
• Kevin Phillips lectured on "1775: A Good Year for Revolution," arguing that 1775 was the critical launching point of the Revolutionary War and American independence, at the Free Library of Philadelphia.
• Dr. Gregory J.W. Urwin discussed "Gettysburg: History and Hype," comparing the battle to other decisive Union victories and examining distorted views of the Civil War at the University of Pennsylvania Museum.

• Science and Technology:
• A Brown Bag Lecture at the Chemical Heritage Foundation featured Nadia Berenstein discussing "The Art in Imitation Flavors': Flavor Chemistry and Scientific Craft," exploring the development of synthetic flavor additives and the role of the "flavorist."
• Dr. Paul H. Halpern spoke on "Edge of the Universe" at the Rittenhouse Astronomical Society meeting, discussing cosmology and the multiverse.
• James H. Cone presented "The Cross and the Lynching Tree" at the Free Library of Philadelphia, discussing black liberation theology.
• A talk on "Food & Thought: 'To Frack or Not to Frack'" was held at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, examining the pros and cons of hydraulic fracturing.
• Deanna Day lectured on "Black Boxing Women: The Computerization of Natural Family Planning and the Consequences of an App-Driven World" at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, historicizing the trend of quantified self-surveillance in healthcare.
• A panel discussion titled "Telling the Stories of Science" featured Ivan Amato, Faye Flam, and Dr. Bruce V. Lewenstein, discussing how science is interpreted and communicated to the public.
• The Delaware Valley Amateur Astronomers (DVAA) hold monthly meetings featuring talks on astronomy.

• Cultural and Historical Tours:
• Laurel Hill Cemetery hosted several tours, including "Laurel Hill: The Hot Spots and Storied Plots" and "Lasting Impressions: The Memorable Monuments of Laurel Hill," exploring the cemetery's history and notable figures.
• The General Meade Birthday Celebration marked the 197th anniversary of General George G. Meade's birth with a parade, service, and reception at Laurel Hill Cemetery.

• Film Screenings:
• The American Philosophical Society Museum presented "IT'S ABOUT TIME: SHORT FILMS FROM THE SECRET CINEMA ARCHIVE," featuring films exploring the concept of time, including works by Jim Henson and a trailer for "The Time Machine."
• "Journey of The Universe," a film created by Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Grim, was screened at Chestnut Hill College, followed by a discussion.

• Other Events:
• The Rittenhouse Astronomical Society holds monthly meetings at The Franklin Institute.
• Sandra Steingraber discussed "water-born toxins and human health" at an event hosted by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University.
• Dr. Bob Brier lectured on "Secret of the Great Pyramid" at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, discussing theories about the construction of the pyramid.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes intellectual engagement and critical thinking through a diverse calendar of events. The editorial stance appears to be one of encouraging public access to educational and cultural programming, particularly in the Philadelphia area. There is a strong emphasis on history, science, and the arts, with a particular interest in local institutions and historical sites like Laurel Hill Cemetery and the Free Library of Philadelphia. The publication also highlights the importance of scientific literacy and understanding complex issues like climate change and technological advancements. The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT) itself is presented as an organization dedicated to serving Philadelphia as a premiere learning institution, hosting talks on a wide range of engaging and educational topics.