Phactum - 2010 11 - November

Magazine Overview

Title: Phactum
Issue: November/December 2010
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking
Cover Headline: COSMOLOGY AND CRACKPOTS

This issue of Phactum, the newsletter and propaganda organ of the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, features a diverse range of articles, including a discussion on cosmology, an examination of vaccine controversies, and insights into child-rearing and critical thinking.

PhACT Meeting: Cosmology and Crackpots

The issue highlights an upcoming PhACT meeting on Saturday, November 20, 2010, at 2:00 PM at the Community College of Philadelphia. Dr. David Cattell and Prof. Dave Goldberg will discuss "Cosmology and Crackpots." The talk will address the standard model of cosmology, the belief in dark matter and dark energy, and the unanswered questions in cosmological physics. The meeting is free and open to the public.

Book Review: A User's Guide to the Universe

A review is presented for "A User's Guide to the Universe: Surviving the Perils of Black Holes, Time Paradoxes, and Quantum Uncertainty" by Dave Goldberg and Jeff Blomquist. The book is described as a humorous yet informative exploration of physics topics, making complex subjects accessible to a general audience. It covers areas like time travel, extraterrestrials, and quantum mechanics, using everyday language and analogies.

Letters to the Editor

Several letters address topics from previous issues. Paul Schlueter III responds to a discussion on the "long-term future of the human race" suggesting a focus on near-space stations as a temporary retreat. He also comments on William Gardner's distinctions between different modes of seeking truth (Rhetorica, Mystica, Logica, Empirica). Another letter from Howard J. Wilk questions the claim that "gamblers rarely win" from a previous article on casino statistics.

Developments in Paleontology and Human Origins

Paul Schlueter III clarifies a typo in a previous article, correcting "4.4Kya" to "44Kya" regarding human appearance in Europe. He also discusses new findings on Neanderthal DNA, indicating interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals as humans migrated out of Africa. The article touches on the evolution of Homo sapiens and their migration patterns.

Various Ruminations

This section, collected by Ray Haupt, includes several short pieces:

• Vaccine Critic "Dr. Bob" Sears Blasted Again: This segment reports on criticism of Dr. Bob Sears's "Alternative Schedule" for vaccines, citing concerns from Dr. Rahul K. Parikh and Dr. Paul Offit about increased risks to children.
• More about Vaccines - Science Solving Problems: A lecture by Dr. Stanley Plotkin on the history of vaccines is summarized. Plotkin, a pioneer in the field, discussed the development of vaccines like the rubella and rotavirus vaccines and the "Golden Age" of vaccine development. He also mentioned the Cutter Incident of 1955 and the Philadelphia College of Physicians' initiative to create a website on vaccine information.

Soundbites

Compiled by Becky Strickland, this section features short, often critical, quotes:

• A quote from Chris Mooney's New Scientist column criticizing a Tea Party candidate's views on evolution and research.
• A quote from Christopher Hitchens discussing unsolicited medical advice he received and advocating for the fight against religious opposition to stem cell research.
• Two contrasting quotes about scientific discovery and understanding, one from 1907 and another from 2007.

Book Review: Fixing the Sky

A review of James Rodger Fleming's book "Fixing the Sky: The Checkered History of Weather and Climate Control" is presented. The book examines the historical attempts to manipulate weather and climate, from early "rainmakers" to modern geoengineering ideas, and discusses the potential consequences of such interventions.

2011 Philadelphia Science Festival

An announcement for the 2011 Philadelphia Science Festival, scheduled for April 15-28, 2011, is included. The festival aims to make science interesting and accessible through various events like a Science Carnival, Neighborhood Science outreach, and Science Conversations.

October 2010 Meeting Report: Myths of Psychology and Child Rearing

Said Elmenyawy reports on a lecture by Dr. Catherine Fiorello, Assistant Professor at Temple University, addressing common myths in psychology and child-rearing. Key topics covered include:

• Self-Esteem: Fiorello argued that success leads to high self-esteem, not the other way around.
• Hyperactivity and Sugar: The link between sugar and hyperactivity was debunked as a myth.
• Grade Retention: Holding children back a grade was discussed as potentially detrimental, with a preference for providing extra support to struggling students.
• Breastfeeding and IQ: The report notes that while breastfed children may have higher IQs, this is more likely due to mothers' higher IQs and education levels.
• Spanking: Spanking was described as a temporary suppressor of bad behavior that can encourage lying, with 'time out' suggested as an alternative.
• Learning Styles: The lecture challenged the idea of fixed learning styles, emphasizing the importance of matching instructional modality to concepts.
• Sex Education and Homosexuality: Fiorello clarified that comprehensive sex education does not lead to promiscuity but to more likely use of contraception, and that teaching about homosexuality provides support for gay teens.
• DARE Programs: The effectiveness of DARE programs in reducing drug use was questioned, with a suggestion that they might actually increase drug experimentation.
• Teaching to the Test: The lecture distinguished between teaching to standardized tests (potentially a waste of time) and teaching for authentic assessment (useful).
• Autism: The lecture touched upon the "epidemic of autism," noting the broadening of diagnostic criteria over time.

An addendum by Becky Strickland emphasizes the importance of critical thinking in light of Fiorello's lecture.

Airport Body Scans and Electromagnetic Spectrum Devices

An article discusses the author's experience with airport body scanners and the TSA's "pat down" procedure. It also examines devices like the "iRenew Energy Balance System" and "Q-Ray bracelets," which claim to promote strength and balance using the electromagnetic spectrum, labeling them as potentially pseudoscientific.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes critical thinking, skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims, and an evidence-based approach to understanding complex topics. There is a clear editorial stance against pseudoscience and misinformation, particularly in areas like health, psychology, and cosmology. The publication encourages reader participation and thoughtful debate on a wide array of subjects, from scientific advancements to social issues.

Title: Phactum
Issue: November/December 2010
Document Type: Magazine Issue

The Grammar School Ghost by Tom Napier

Tom Napier recounts a personal anecdote from his time at Aberdeen Grammar School in Scotland, an institution with a history dating back to 1257. He describes a 'ghost' that appeared in the clock tower window in the late 1950s. This phenomenon, he reveals, was not paranormal but a prank orchestrated by former pupils. Using a key obtained through a friend's garden shed, they gained access to the clock tower and placed a Victorian plaster bust in front of a small window. The bust, with its white face, gave the appearance of a spectral presence. Napier, a self-proclaimed skeptic and former physicist, uses this story to illustrate how seemingly paranormal events can have mundane explanations. He also briefly touches upon his background as a physicist and consultant who moved to Pennsylvania and worked in electronic design before retiring.

Is It Time To Legalize Pot? by Paul Schlueter III

This article presents a strong case for the legalization of marijuana, arguing that prohibition enhances the profit margins for illicit substances and attracts individuals willing to use firearms. The author criticizes the current justice system, where prosecutors allegedly use questionable jailhouse testimony and offer plea bargains to secure convictions. He highlights the role of the Correctional Officers' union in maintaining prison populations by ensuring a supply of repeat offenders. The article also points to the vast industrial complex that profits from the prison system, including manufacturers of prison goods and private prison corporations. The author argues that legalizing marijuana would dismantle the black market, reduce crime associated with drug trafficking, and generate tax revenue. He suggests that marijuana is not physically addictive and its effects are less harmful than alcohol, leading to lethargy and laughter rather than aggression. The piece also touches upon the potential economic benefits, such as increased business for the fast food industry due to increased appetite.

The article details how the prohibition of marijuana leads to inflated street prices, driven by risk rather than production costs. It criticizes the harsh penalties for possession, even for small amounts, and the confiscation of property. The author contrasts the current situation with his experience as a teen user in the 1970s, when penalties were less severe. He also notes the health risks associated with marijuana use, such as bronchitis and impaired motor skills, but argues that these are comparable to or less severe than those of legal substances like tobacco and alcohol. The article concludes by stating that the legalization of pot is inevitable and advocates for its regulation and taxation, similar to alcohol and tobacco.

The Fortunate Ones by Frederick Noesner

Frederick Noesner, who has been blind since early childhood, shares his personal journey and reflections on living with a disability. He emphasizes that the most significant challenge for him has not been the inability to drive, but the difficulty in accessing the printed word in a timely manner. He recounts how his mother read to him, and how his grandmother obtained a 'talking book machine' for him in the 1950s, which played books on records. Noesner discusses the evolution of technology, from cumbersome talking book machines and Braille volumes to modern computers with speech translation software, which have enabled blind individuals to read and write. He contrasts his experiences with the harsh realities faced by blind people in the 18th century, who had limited access to education and societal support. The article highlights his adventurous spirit, mentioning his accomplishments in climbing mountains and exploring caves, and his work as a colonial guide. He also discusses his interest in antique weapons and colonial history, and his current artistic pursuits, including sculpting powder horns.

Special Privileges For Special Religions by Paul Schlueter III

This article examines the implications of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) in the United States. The author explains that RLUIPA grants special tax-exempt status to religious institutions and offers protection for religious practices within prisons. He notes that while RLUIPA is intended to protect all religions, Native American religious rights often receive special consideration. The article discusses the issue of hair length exemptions for male inmates, which is often a point of contention with prison grooming regulations. It highlights how some white inmates have adopted Native American heritage to claim religious exemptions for their long hair, leading to scrutiny and demands for proof of heritage. The author also touches upon the concept of 'Osatru,' a neo-pagan religion, and how it has been co-opted by white supremacist groups. He argues that RLUIPA, by protecting sincerely held religious beliefs, can inadvertently embolden certain groups and create a system where white males may receive preferential treatment.

The article further explores how prison administrators are increasingly demanding proof of 'NA heritage' and 'sincere involvement' in religious organizations to grant exemptions. It notes the irony of white individuals claiming Native American heritage for hair length exemptions, often with a superficial understanding of the traditions. The author also mentions the use of runic writing, which prison staff may seek to prohibit due to its potential for use as a substitution code. The piece concludes by suggesting that RLUIPA's protections, while intended to safeguard religious freedom, have led to complex and sometimes contentious situations within the prison system, particularly concerning racial and cultural claims.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine features a diverse range of articles, from personal narratives and historical accounts to socio-political commentary. The editorial stance appears to be one that encourages critical thinking and challenges conventional wisdom, particularly on topics such as paranormal phenomena, drug policy, and religious freedom. There is a consistent theme of exploring the complexities behind seemingly straightforward issues, advocating for evidence-based reasoning, and highlighting the impact of societal structures and technological advancements on individual lives. The articles by Paul Schlueter III, in particular, advocate for reform and challenge existing laws and policies, suggesting a progressive and reform-minded editorial direction.

Phactum, November/December 2010 issue. This magazine focuses on a variety of topics, including legal rights within the prison system, religious practices of inmates, and a comprehensive calendar of science and history events in the Philadelphia area.

Prison System and Inmate Rights

The issue delves into the complexities of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) and its practical application within prisons. It highlights that while RLUIPA technically protects inmates' religious freedoms, the enforcement process is often challenging, involving a series of claims, responses, and appeals that can lead to attrition. Inmates must exhaust the internal Grievance system before they can file a federal lawsuit. The financial burden of filing a federal lawsuit is noted as a significant deterrent. The article suggests that prisons may settle cases to avoid establishing binding legal precedents that could grant broader rights to other inmates.

It is noted that prisons often make it a continuous struggle for inmates to follow non-standard religious beliefs, not necessarily due to security concerns, but as a way for authorities to exercise power. The article contrasts this with the legal protections afforded by RLUIPA, which are specifically for religious practices.

Religious Affiliations in Federal Prisons

Statistics from a 1997 study by the Federal Bureau of Prisons reveal the religious landscape within federal facilities. Catholic inmates formed the largest group (39.164%), followed by Protestant (35.008%) and Muslim (7.273%). Other reported affiliations include American Indian, Nation, Rasta, Jewish, Church of Christ, Pentecostal, Moorish, Buddhist, Jehovah Witness, Adventist, Orthodox, Mormon, Scientology, Atheist, Hindu, Santeria, Sikh, Bahai, and Krishna.

Islam in Prisons

The issue discusses the significant presence and influence of Islam among African American inmates. It describes how these groups often resemble congregations, social institutions, and paramilitary units. While not all are strict fundamentalists, those who are are visibly distinct. Many Black Muslims find religious discipline and self-improvement through Islam, and this faith has also influenced their communities outside of prison. Prisons often accommodate Muslim practices, such as beard growth exemptions, prayer times, and the provision of 'alternate protein' portions to avoid pork. This accommodation is partly attributed to the historical role of Black Muslims in prison riots and the legal protections under RLUIPA.

The Walnut Street Prison

The article provides historical context on prison reform, focusing on the Walnut Street Prison in Philadelphia. Originally built as a conventional jail before the American Revolution, it was expanded in 1790 and became a model for the 'penitentiary' concept. Developed by Quakers, the penitentiary aimed to provide inmates with time for reflection and remorse, believing this would lead to rehabilitation and an end to criminal behavior. The prison's design, including small, solitary cells, was intended to prevent communication and encourage introspection.

Nordic Runes

An article discusses the use of Nordic Runes, specifically from a modern version of the Futhark, as a method to encode messages in English using simple letter substitutions. The artwork and text for this section are by the author.

PhACT Calendar

The magazine includes an extensive calendar of upcoming events in and around Philadelphia, primarily focused on science and history. These events include lectures, book signings, and meetings hosted by various organizations:

• PhACT Meetings: Hosted by Dr. David Cattell, these meetings feature speakers on topics such as cosmology and the paranormal. Notable speakers include Prof. Dave Goldberg and Michael Epstein.
• Academy of Natural Sciences: Events include talks by wildlife conservationist Jim Fowler, Dr. Tim Flannery on Deep Time and Nature Conservation, and a forum on Urban Sustainability and Nuclear Energy. They also host the "Science on Tap" series.
• Penn Science Café: A lecture series held at various locations, covering topics like Gravitational Lensing, the World Water Crisis, and Neuroeconomics.
• Wagner Free Institute of Science: Offers educational programs for children and lectures on topics such as "Nasal Attraction" and the public humanities.
• Laurel Hill Cemetery: Events include a tour related to the 1876 Centennial Exhibition, a lecture on "Wicked Philadelphia," and a General Meade Celebration.
• Other Events: Include lectures on Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery, discussions on the Silk Road, and book club meetings.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the intersection of law, religion, and individual rights, particularly within the context of the U.S. prison system. There's a clear focus on the challenges faced by inmates in asserting their religious freedoms and the legal mechanisms available to them. The magazine also champions scientific inquiry and historical exploration through its extensive event listings, positioning itself as a promoter of intellectual engagement within the Philadelphia community. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for individual rights, critical thinking, and the dissemination of knowledge across various disciplines.

Title: Phactum
Issue: November/December 2010
Publisher: The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Phactum, the publication of the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT), serves as a calendar of events and lectures hosted by several prominent Philadelphia institutions, primarily The College of Physicians of Philadelphia and the Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF), along with the American Philosophical Society.

The College of Physicians of Philadelphia & The Mütter Museum

The College of Physicians of Philadelphia is presenting a series of lectures and programs, many of which are free. The Mütter Museum, associated with the College, is also highlighted with its operating hours and admission fees.

Upcoming Lectures and Programs:

• November 11, 2010 (6:30 PM): "Abraham Flexner and the Quest for Educational Excellence." This lecture will explore the life and principles of Abraham Flexner, author of the influential 1910 Flexner Report, and discuss his vision for medical education.
• Speaker: Richard Gunderman, MD, PhD
• November 12, 2010 (11 AM - 2 PM): "The Affordable Care Act: Strengthening Communities Through Prevention."
• Speaker: Howard Koh, MD, United States Assistant Secretary for Health.
• Reactors: Vanessa Briggs, MBA, RD, LDN; Natalie Levkovich; and Giridhar Mallya, MD, MSHP.
• Co-sponsors: Several health-related organizations and university departments.
• November 16, 2010 (6:30 PM): "Hoarding Among Older Adults: Medical, Ethical and Legal Implications."
• Moderator: Kenneth J. Weiss, MD
• Features a screening of the documentary "Packrat" and a discussion with attorney Sanford Pfeffer.
• November 30, 2010 (6:30 PM): "Dr. Benjamin Rush's Republican Education: A Revolutionary Commitment without Expiration Date."
• Speaker: William Durden, PhD, President of Dickinson College.
• Explores the life and ideas of Benjamin Rush, focusing on his views on education and self-government.
• Co-sponsored by: The American Revolution Center.
• December 10, 2010 (8:30 AM - 11:30 AM): "Health Care Innovation Forum: Taking Proven Health Care Models and Solutions to Scale."
• Features regional and national experts discussing best practices in health care solutions.
• Participants include: Governor Edward G. Rendell of Pennsylvania.

The Mütter Museum Information:

• Location: 19 South 22nd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19103
• Hours: Monday-Friday, 10am-5pm; Saturday & Sunday, 10am-5pm. Closed on Thanksgiving Day, December 25th, and January 1st.
• Admission: General Admission ($14), Children (Ages 6-17) ($10), Seniors (65+) ($10), Students ($10), Military ($10). Fellows of the College and children under 6 are FREE.
• Mission: To educate future doctors and the public about anatomy, human medical anomalies, and the history of medicine.

Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF)

The Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) also hosts a variety of free events and exhibits at its location at 315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106.

Upcoming Lectures and Events:

• November 16, 2010 (Noon): Brown Bag Lecture: "Astrology and Alchemy before the Spanish Inquisition."
• Speaker: Tayra Lanuza-Navarro.
• November 30, 2010 (12:00 - 1:00 PM): Brown Bag Lecture: "Food or Drug? The Advent of Medical Foods in the U.S."
• Speaker: Donna Messner.
• December 3, 2010 (5:00 - 8:00 PM): First Friday: Victorian Science Theatrical Demonstration.
• Features Brett Kaiser of Nightjar Apothecary.
• This is the last opportunity to view the exhibit "Marvels and Ciphers: A Look Inside the Flask."
• December 7, 2010 (12:00 - 1:00 PM): Brown Bag Lecture: "Materials of Independence: High and Low Tech."
• Speaker: Bess Williamson.
• December 14, 2010 (12:00 - 1:00 PM): Brown Bag Lecture: "Sharing Secrets: Jews, Christians, and the Practice of Alchemy in the Early Modern Period."
• Speaker: Daniel Jütte.

Ongoing Exhibitions at CHF:

• Gallery Hours: Monday-Friday, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (Free and open to the public).
• Transmutations: Alchemy in Art: Monday-Friday, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
• The Whole of Nature and the Mirror of Art: Images of Alchemy: Monday-Friday, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
• Marvels and Ciphers: A Look Inside The Flask: On display until December 10, 2010.

American Philosophical Society (APS) Museum Calendar

The APS Museum, located at 104 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, is also hosting events.

• November 17, 2010 (5:30 PM): Lecture, reception, and book signing: "George Washington's America: A Biography Through His Maps."
• Speaker: Barnet Schecter.
• Library Lectures: Free and open to the public, reservations are necessary. Events take place in Benjamin Franklin Hall, 427 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106.

The American Philosophical Society Library

The APS Library is a major national center for research in the history of sciences, medicine, and technology, with extensive collections of books, manuscripts, and images. It houses materials ranging from eighteenth-century natural history to nuclear physics and computer development.

PhACT and Phactum

PhACT is the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, and Phactum is its propaganda organ, distributed six times a year. The publication encourages membership and donations to support its activities, including High School Science Fair prizes. It also outlines a policy for article use, allowing reprints by skeptical organizations with proper attribution.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the history of science and medicine, public health initiatives, and the role of education in society. The institutions featured (College of Physicians, Chemical Heritage Foundation, American Philosophical Society) all have a strong connection to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge in these fields. The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, as the publisher of Phactum, appears to have a stance that aligns with promoting critical thinking and skepticism, as evidenced by the mention of reprinting articles in "Skeptical Inquirer" and the focus on scientific and historical inquiry.