Phactum - 2009 10 - October

Magazine Overview

Title: Phactum
Issue: October 2009
Publisher: Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking
Document Type: Magazine Issue

Main Articles and Features

Large Hadron Colliders and Other Hot Topics in Physics (Page 6)

This section previews a PhACT meeting on Saturday, October 17, 2009, at 2 PM, where Dr. David Cattell, Chairman of the Physics Department at Community College of Philadelphia, will host physicist and author Dr. Paul Halpern. Dr. Halpern will discuss his book "Collider: The Search for the World's Smallest Particles." The article highlights that the book delves into the Large Hadron Collider, what scientists hope to discover, and the potential fears associated with it, such as the production of black holes. It also mentions that this technology is at the forefront of exploring the smallest particles. A cartoon by Nick D. Kim illustrates the experimental nature of physics, with scientists observing a 'Cute Particle' experiment.

The book "Collider: The Search for the World's Smallest Particles" by Paul Halpern is described as an accessible look at physics, explaining the universe's composition and the Large Hadron Collider's role in smashing particles to test theories like the Higgs boson. It notes that the results could confirm or disprove current understandings of quarks, string theory, dark matter, and dark energy. Paul Halpern, PhD, is identified as a Professor of Physics and Mathematics at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia and the author of several other books.

New Approaches to Solving the New Zealand Possum Problem (Page 9)

This article discusses the ongoing concerns in New Zealand regarding possum infestation, which began in the 1830s with the importation of possums from Australia for the fur industry. Escaped possums, lacking natural predators, have devastated native flora and fauna, with an estimated 70 million possums now roaming the country. A primary control method involves dropping poisoned bait, often using 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate), which kills possums and other introduced pests. The article notes that this method is unpopular due to concerns about children, pets, and water supply. It briefly entertains the idea of introducing boa constrictors as a pest control measure but hesitates to suggest it. The article references a cartoon by Nick Kim on the cover, suggesting a unique, though likely unpopular, idea for possum control, and emphasizes the need for more research and the difficulty of "messing with Mother Nature." The New Zealand Skeptics' newsletter and website are also mentioned.

Various Ruminations (Page 9)

Collected and written by Ray Haupt with help from others, this section covers several topics:

• Phactum Distribution: The newsletter is now primarily distributed electronically via email, with a reduced number of printed newsletters. The editors solicit feedback for improvement and welcome articles and letters in electronic format.
• Letter from Rod Hoisington (Vero Beach, Florida): Hoisington expresses his admiration for Phactum, noting its impressive production without a staff. He states he stopped reading Skeptical Inquirer because he is not a skeptic and finds its articles about atheism too focused on liberalism and "Bush-bashing." He identifies as an atheist and a subscriber to the "Humanist Manifesto" but not its magazine. He appreciates the Dalai Lama quote about Buddhism changing if science proves it wrong and concludes by stating he "get[s] what you're doing."
• Editor's Note: The editor notes that Rod Hoisington has written his first novel, a mystery titled "One Deadly Sister," set in Florida with a Philadelphian protagonist.
• Train Of Consequences (Music and Lyrics by Dave Mustaine): This section includes the lyrics to the Megadeth song "Train Of Consequences," which addresses the ills of gambling. The editor comments that heavy metal music often receives a bad reputation but argues that it is replete with artists who question everything and are not afraid to raise objections.
• Letter from M. Paul Menga (Philadelphia): Menga questions Phactum's emphasis on the gambling issue, suggesting more focus on logic, pseudoscience, and critical thinking skills. He contrasts this with "pseudomorality and politics" and argues that while gambling has minimal effect on others, religion can have significant positive and negative impacts, making it a more relevant concern.

Ban Smoking on NJ Beaches (Page 10)

This editorial discusses a proposed ban on smoking on 127 miles of New Jersey beaches, initiated by State Senator Barbara Buono, who cites 50,000 annual deaths from second-hand smoke. The Philadelphia Inquirer's editorial department reportedly agrees with the ban. The author acknowledges that smoking is an unhealthy addiction and second-hand smoke poses risks, especially to sensitive individuals like asthmatic children. However, the author questions the "homeopathic" rationale of the ban, arguing that the concentration of second-hand smoke outdoors on breezy beaches is likely vanishingly small and the exposure time brief, making the net result inconsequential. The author criticizes this as "government intrusion fortified by pseudoscience" and suggests senators should "butt out."

Misguided Senators Pushing for Quackery Coverage (Page 10)

This section reports on an amendment to a Health Care Reform Bill, sponsored by Senators Tom Harkin (D-IA), Barbara Mikulski (D-MD), and Mike Enzi (R-WY), which would prevent insurance policies from discriminating against state-licensed or certified health care providers. This could include acupuncturists, chiropractors, homeopaths, massage therapists, and naturopaths. The article cites a Boston Globe report and a statement by Senator Harkin, who claims "alternative," "complementary," and "integrative" practices are more focused on preventive care and can save money. The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is cited as criticizing these efforts, recommending that taxpayer dollars should not cover non-evidence-based medicine and that funding for the NIH National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine should be reduced or eliminated, as studies show most alternative "cures" are no better than placebos.

Technobabble Exposed (Page 10)

This brief note mentions an article in the September 2009 edition of Skeptical Briefs titled "Jules Verne: The Founder of Technobabble," by Tom Napier, which suggests that some modern pseudoscientists are recycling Victorian science fiction.

NFL Brain Injury Study (Page 10)

A commissioned study by the National Football League reportedly shows that football players have a higher incidence of dementia and other memory-related diseases than the general population. The article questions whether repetitive concussions, even if seemingly minor, might contribute to eventual brain injury, noting that "dementia pugilistica" is a known condition caused by repetitive impacts.

PhACT Calendar (Pages 2-5)

The PhACT Calendar provides a detailed schedule of upcoming events, primarily in Philadelphia, for October 2009 through January 2010. These events are hosted by various organizations including the Community College of Philadelphia, the Free Library of Philadelphia, the Wagner Free Institute of Science, and others. Topics range from physics and cosmology to history, literature, and health policy.

• Notable events include:
• October 17, 2009: Dr. Paul Halpern discusses "Collider: The Search for the World's Smallest Particles" at the Community College of Philadelphia.
• November 21, 2009: Dr. Robert L. Park speaks on "Superstition: Belief in the Age of Science" at the Community College of Philadelphia.
• Penn Science Café Schedule (October 2009 - May 2010): A series of lectures at the White Dog Café covering topics like cosmology, free will, artificial intelligence, animal rights, genetics, bioethics, evolution, and psychology.
• Science on Tap: A monthly gathering at National Mechanics featuring informal presentations by scientists.
• The College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Offers lectures on topics such as forensic artistry, 19th-century surgery, and healthcare policy.
• Wagner Free Institute of Science: Presents free science courses and evening lectures, including "Life at the Bottom of the World: Deep-Sea Cephalopods of the Atlantic" by Dr. Elizabeth Shea and "Gold, Elixirs, and Books of Secrets: A Brief History of Alchemy" by Dr. Anke Timmerman.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The editorial stance of Phactum is clearly aligned with promoting critical thinking, skepticism, and a scientific worldview. The magazine actively critiques pseudoscience, quackery, and what it perceives as government overreach or misguided policies, particularly in areas like health and environmental regulation. There is a strong emphasis on evidence-based reasoning and a rejection of unsubstantiated claims, whether they come from alternative medicine proponents, political figures, or even within the broader skeptical community if it deviates from rigorous inquiry. The publication encourages open-minded yet critical examination of ideas, valuing independent thought over conformity. The inclusion of a song about gambling and a letter questioning its prominence suggests a willingness to engage with diverse topics but also a commitment to prioritizing intellectual rigor and scientific discourse.

Phactum, October 2009, Volume 11, is a magazine covering a diverse range of topics from the science of sports injuries and energy debates to literary tributes and health concerns. The issue includes articles on boxing concussions, the viability of renewable energy, the legal standards for scientific evidence, the bicentennial of Edgar Allan Poe, Alzheimer's disease, and the philosophical principle of Ockham's Razor.

Articles

Boxing and Brain Trauma

The issue opens with a discussion on the long-term effects of boxing, noting that up to 15% of professional boxers may suffer from a condition similar to Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease due to cumulative head trauma. It questions whether a return to bare-knuckle fighting might paradoxically reduce brain trauma, despite increasing facial injuries. The article suggests good arguments exist for touch football and a ban on boxing, referencing an NFL study on concussion consequences.

The Future of Electrical Energy

Another section addresses the growing demand for electrical power, driven by factors like petroleum supply issues and the rise of electric vehicles. It explores solutions like solar and wind power but expresses skepticism about their sufficiency for modern society's needs. Readers are invited to discuss the merits of home solar panel arrays, individual wind mills, and premium payments for "green energy."

Scientific Evidence and Pseudoscience in Court

An article by Andrew Stoner reports on a PhACT meeting discussing "Science, Pseudoscience, and the Law." It traces the evolution of scientific evidence in courtrooms, from the 1923 lie detector case to the 1993 Daubert case, which led to the establishment of federal rules for scientific evidence. The piece highlights the dangers of pseudoscience being presented as fact, citing examples like fire origin investigations, and emphasizes the need for accuracy, testability, and peer review in legal proceedings.

Edgar Allan Poe Bicentennial

The issue celebrates the bicentennial of Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 - October 7, 1849). It recounts his life, from his birth in Boston and upbringing by John Allan in Richmond, Virginia, to his education at the University of Virginia and his military service at West Point. The article details his literary career, his invention of the detective story genre with characters like C. Auguste Dupin, and his personal tragedies, including the deaths of his mother and wife. His poem "Annabel Lee" is presented in full, followed by a biographical sketch of his life and death in Baltimore. A separate section promotes an event at The Edgar Allan Poe National Historical Site in Philadelphia and reviews two books related to Poe: "The Murders in the Rue Morgue: The Dupin Tales" and "One Deadly Sister."

Alzheimer's Disease: An Ever-Growing Concern

Daniel Glass writes about Alzheimer's Disease (AD), noting its increasing prevalence and the significant healthcare costs associated with it. The article discusses the potential benefits and limitations of Ginkgo biloba, citing the Gingko Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study which found it ineffective for dementia prevention. It also touches upon other "alternative" remedies, cautioning against those that claim to reverse AD, emphasizing that medical science is still seeking cures and that current drugs only alleviate symptoms. The piece also introduces Alois Alzheimer, the psychiatrist who first identified the disease, and his examination of Auguste Deter's brain.

Ockham's Razor: Shaving 101

Paul Schlueter III examines Ockham's Razor, a principle often misinterpreted, particularly in popular culture. He clarifies that the principle, meaning "causative factors should not be multiplied needlessly," is about seeking the simplest explanation within the natural order and avoiding supernatural recourse. The article argues that while simplicity is appealing, it's crucial to consider complicating factors and avoid accepting the first "simplest" answer without critical thought, linking this to the persistence of superstition and religion.

What To Do, When It's You

Another article by Paul Schlueter III provides guidance for critical thinkers who witness unusual events. It offers a list of practical steps for recording experiences, emphasizing the importance of noting time and place, subjective impressions, and any other relevant details. The advice includes alerting others, changing perspective for better observation (parallax viewing), and marking positions. It also stresses the value of backing up observations with audio and video recordings.

Soundbites

This section features brief quotes from notable figures:

• "Wikipedians have discovered that the wisdom of crowds cannot prevent the idiocy of individuals." - The editor of The Guardian, London.
• "The world would be a better place if everybody learned to think like scientists... everybody should base their beliefs upon evidence, and be highly suspicious of any beliefs that are not based on evidence." - Richard Dawkins.
• "The Ghost Hunters examine 'haunted houses' with over-tuned instruments... I'm merely saying, 'show me'" - James Randi.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims, whether in sports, energy policy, legal proceedings, or alternative health remedies. There is a clear emphasis on evidence-based reasoning and a cautious approach to pseudoscientific or supernatural explanations. The publication also engages with literary and historical figures, using them as a lens to explore broader themes of human experience and knowledge. The editorial stance appears to favor rationalism and a scientific understanding of the world, while acknowledging the complexities and ongoing debates within these fields.

Phactum, October 2009, Volume 21, is a magazine published by The Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT). This issue features articles on "Man-Eating Plants" by Don Nigroni, advice on reporting observations, and discussions on skepticism towards paranormal phenomena.

Reporting Observations and Investigations

The first article provides guidance on how to approach and report potential 'crime scenes' or unusual observations. It emphasizes the importance of not disturbing evidence, marking vantage points with an 'X', and making detailed notes and recordings. Observers are advised to offer assistance if possible, but only after carefully observing the situation, and to avoid moving injured persons unless their position is immediately life-threatening. The article stresses the value of detailed reports for investigators, as they are often the most objective and useful statements. It also suggests following up with investigators after a week or so to inquire about the progress of their investigation, noting that misplaced reports or communication issues can occur. The author posits that whether the event was a crime, accident, or a strange sighting, a well-documented report can make a significant difference in understanding and dealing with the event.

Man-Eating Plants: Myth vs. Reality

Don Nigroni's article "Man-Eating Plants" explores the historical accounts and skepticism surrounding the idea of plants that consume animals, particularly humans. The article begins by drawing a parallel between the acceptance of phenomena like Bigfoot and ESP, suggesting that without incontrovertible evidence, they remain unaccepted by mainstream science. However, it notes that unlike these, the concept of man-eating plants has largely vanished as a topic of serious belief.

The article traces the origins of the man-eating plant myth to the 18th and 19th centuries, with Charles Darwin's book "Insectivorous Plants" being an early scientific work on plants that eat insects. The novelty that captured the public's imagination was the idea of plants that could devour larger animals and even people. Stories emerged of encounters in distant lands with such plants.

Sophia Prior's 1939 article "The Man-Eating Tree" (Botany Leaflet 23) is discussed, which detailed alleged extraordinary man-eating plants, including a species from Nicaragua, Mexico, Brazil, Madagascar, and the Philippines. Prior expressed skepticism about many of these tales, labeling some as fiction.

The article highlights the alleged letter from Carle Liche to Dr. Omelius Fredlowski in 1878, which described a man-eating tree in Madagascar. This account purportedly appeared in numerous magazines and scientific journals without sufficient verification. B. H. William's 1920 article in the American Weekly magazine and an article in The Ogden Standard-Examiner are cited as further publications of this tale, attributing the letter to Dr. Karl Leche and suggesting an expedition to Madagascar during Queen Ranavalona II's reign.

Willy Ley's search for the original source of the alleged letter is detailed. Ley doubted the existence of the Carlsruhe Scientific Journal or the individuals Liche and Fredlowski. He did, however, find the tale mentioned in Dr. Conrad Keller's "Travel Sketches from East Africa and Madagascar" (1887), which referenced an alleged letter by Carl Liche published in a Karlsruhe journal. Keller relied on the Antananarivo Annual and Madagascar Magazine for 1881, which contained an extract from the South Australian Register.

The article also mentions an earlier published account in The Stevens Point Journal from May 30, 1874, titled "A Man-Eating Tree," which featured a purported extract from a letter by Karl Leche. This version predates the alleged 1878 letter and contains variations in its text.

Further accounts include J. W. Buel's description in "Sea and Land" (1887) of the 'Ya-te-veo' plant in Africa and South America, which has spines capable of impaling and draining victims. The tale of Leroy Dunstan and the 'Devil's Snare' of Nicaragua from the late 1880s is also presented, with an account from The Pittsburgh Post in 1889 describing a blood-sucking plant.

The article notes that the concept of man-eating plants gained popularity in media, appearing in films like "The Little Shop of Horrors" (1960) and "The Day of the Triffids" (1962), and in cartoon series.

It is suggested that the shifting habitats of these alleged plants from Central America to more remote locations like Madagascar indicate a potential hoax or embellishment as regions become more accessible. The article contrasts the rooted nature of man-eating trees with the mobility of other carnivorous plants and notes that the credibility of reports often relied on the inaccessibility of the location rather than physical evidence.

Other Content

The issue includes a cartoon by Nick D. Kim depicting an alien and a scientist, with a caption humorously identifying an object as an 'I.G.O.' (Identified Ground Object) rather than a UFO. There is also a mention of Paul Schlueter III, who is serving a life sentence in Pennsylvania, and his supporters' website.

A letter to the editor from Lord Kelvin, dated May 2, 1903, discusses the difference between the formation of crystals and the molecular combinations in living organisms, arguing for the necessity of a 'Creative Power' beyond mere chemical forces.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes critical thinking and skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims, particularly in the realm of paranormal phenomena and folklore. It emphasizes the importance of verifiable evidence, rigorous investigation, and the distinction between scientific fact and sensationalized stories. The editorial stance appears to be one of rational inquiry, encouraging readers to approach extraordinary claims with a discerning mind and to support scientific understanding. The publication itself, Phactum, is described as the main propaganda organ for the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking, reinforcing its commitment to promoting critical analysis and skepticism.