Ovni Presence - No 37-38 - Juillet-Aout 1987

Magazine Overview

Title: Ovni-présence
Issue: Double issue 37/38
Date: July 1987
Volume: Twelfth Year
Price: 36 FF / 9 FS

This issue of Ovni-présence, a French quarterly magazine dedicated to UFO phenomena, presents a special focus on Great Britain's ufological landscape. The cover prominently features the Rendlesham Forest incident, with the headline "CRASH EN RENDLESHAM FOREST" and an artistic interpretation of a UFO encounter. The magazine aims to explore the "British way" of ufology, noting its unique characteristics and the country's high number of reported sightings.

Contents Overview

Editorial

The editorial, titled "Very British," sets the stage for the issue's focus on Great Britain. It contrasts the effective organizational model of British ufologists with the country's unique and sometimes peculiar case studies. The editorial introduces concepts like "ley-lines," "spooklights," "mysterious circles," and the "Producer myth," suggesting they are uniquely British phenomena.

Key Articles and Features:

• "Survol de l'ufologique Albion" by Jenny Randles: This article provides an overview of the ufological scene in Great Britain, noting that over 30 million citizens believe in UFOs, with 8 million claiming to have witnessed something. It details the country's two main UFO organizations: Contact (UK) and BUFORA (British UFO Research Association), as well as ASSAP (Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena). The article contrasts the somewhat hermetic nature of Contact (UK) with the more research-oriented BUFORA, which was founded in 1962 and has a significant archive of cases.
• "Histoires de cercles vicieux" by Paul Fuller: This piece delves into the phenomenon of mysterious crop circles, which, while on the fringe of Anglo-Saxon ufology, continues to generate interest. It reports on a 1985 meeting of British ufologists to discuss these formations. The article describes the typical structure of crop circles (a central circle with smaller surrounding ones) and notes that the plants are usually laid down in spirals without damage. It lists several notable crop circle formations discovered in 1985 across the UK.
• "Crash en Rendlesham Forest" by Jenny Randles: This article, likely a deep dive into the famous Rendlesham Forest incident, is highlighted on the cover. While the full text is not provided in the OCR, its prominence suggests it's a major feature of the issue.
• "Etranges aéronefs en 1913" by Nigel Watson: This article explores historical sightings of strange aircraft from 1913.
• "Des ovnis sur la ville" by Graham Birdsall: This likely details a specific UFO sighting over Leeds.
• "Lueurs fantômes" by David Clarke and Granville Oldroyd: This feature appears to be a historical research piece on phantom lights.
• "Who's Who": This section profiles key figures in ufology, including Jenny Randles, Nigel Watson, Paul Fuller, Hubert Granville Oldroyd, Kenneth Phillips, Dr. Alexander Keul, and Hilary Evans. It details their backgrounds, research interests, and contributions to the field.
• "BUFORA Bulletin: Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena": This section describes the official publication of BUFORA, detailing its content and editorial style.
• "Magonia": This section reviews the socio-psychological ufology magazine "Magonia," noting its focus on the human aspect of case reports.
• "Northern Ufo News": This describes the publication of the Northern UFO Network, focusing on recent case reports.
• "UFO Brigantia": This highlights the publication of the West Yorkshire UFO Research Group, focusing on cases from that region.
• "Quest": This describes the publication of the Yorkshire UFO Society, which focuses on UFOs and military activities.
• "New Scientist": This mentions an article in New Scientist that discussed UFOs and a paper by Jenny Randles and Peter Warrington that argued in favor of UFOs.
• "The Unknown": This describes a commercial magazine focused on the paranormal that includes articles on UFOs.
• "Flying Saucer Review": This discusses the long-standing and influential ufological journal, noting its historical significance and current status.

Media and Government Influence

Jenny Randles also contributes an article discussing the media's portrayal of UFOs in Great Britain. She notes how newspapers like the Daily Express and News of the World have covered UFO incidents, sometimes sensationally. The article also touches upon the government's stance, mentioning that the Ministry of Defence is secretive about its UFO investigations and that a decision was made not to reveal certain UFO dossiers.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the phenomenon of UFOs through case studies, historical research, and profiles of key figures in the field. There is a clear emphasis on ufology in Great Britain, with detailed coverage of its organizations and publications. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation into the phenomenon, presenting information from researchers and acknowledging the complexities and controversies surrounding UFO sightings. The issue also highlights the role of media and government in shaping public perception of UFOs.

This issue of Ovni-présence, number 37, dated July 1987, focuses on unexplained aerial phenomena, particularly crop circles and historical sightings of strange aircraft and lights. The magazine explores various theories and investigations into these events, drawing from reports and witness accounts.

Crop Circles: Investigations and Theories

The issue dedicates significant space to the phenomenon of crop circles, detailing several cases from the UK.

Goodworth Clatford and Cheesefoot Head Cases:

Several articles detail crop circle formations discovered in Goodworth Clatford and Cheesefoot Head. The formations are described with precise measurements, including diameters, the presence of rings, and the direction of crop flattening (clockwise or counter-clockwise). In the Goodworth Clatford case, a strange gelatinous substance was found, which underwent laboratory analysis. The tests were inconclusive but suggested a 'preparation that had gone bad,' with traces of starch, calcium carbonate, and bacteria. The issue notes that the fragility of cereal stems might explain why these circles appear in grain fields.

1985 and 1986 Formations:

Reports from 1985 and 1986 highlight evolving geometries of crop circles. The 1985 circles at Cheesefoot Head had a different geometry than previous ones, with one large and two small traces. Circles were noted near Ministry of Defence establishments. The 1986 season saw the appearance of circles at Cheesefoot Head, including one with a ring and another smaller one that appeared in daylight. Isolated circles were also reported in Alfriston. The proximity of these formations to tourist sites during weekends is mentioned.

Theories on Crop Circle Formation:

A range of theories are explored to explain the crop circles:

• Canular (Hoax): This is a widely debated theory. The article discusses the difficulty of executing such a hoax without leaving traces, the precision required, and the physical effort involved (e.g., using a rope and stake, requiring significant force to flatten crops).
• Meteorological Phenomena: Wind whirlwinds were considered but largely dismissed due to their inability to create precise geometric shapes or the specific damage observed.
• Hippie Connection: One hypothesis suggested circles were used for drug drops by hippies heading to Stonehenge, but this was deemed unlikely due to the lack of evidence and the need to explain other formations without this connection.
• Helicopters: The idea of helicopter downdraft creating the spiral effect was examined and rejected. Colonel Edgecombe argued that helicopter airflow is not typically turbulent enough and that such operations would be difficult and dangerous to conduct discreetly.
• UFOs: The possibility of UFOs causing the formations was raised, with speculation about their shape and the depression they might create in the crops. Reports of bright UFOs with lights arranged in specific patterns were mentioned.
• Ley Lines: The theory that circles are located on 'ley lines' was examined but found to be not particularly convincing, with any alignment possibly being coincidental.
• Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPVs): This hypothesis gained traction, suggesting that advanced, stealthy drones could be programmed to create the circles. The article notes that such technology was being developed by companies like Westland and that military establishments were present in the region. The ability of RPVs to fly low, be silent, and deploy an apparatus to flatten crops was highlighted.

Historical Context:

The issue also looks back at earlier phenomena.

• Strange Aircraft in 1913: An article details the preparation of a catalogue of phantom aircraft sightings from late 1912 to early 1913. A specific case from Dover on January 4, 1913, describes a witness hearing an aircraft-like sound and seeing a light and a dark mass, suggesting a powerful, audaciously piloted aircraft.
• Ghostly Lights (Lueurs Fantômes): Another study examines 'ghostly lights' reported in the past, including incidents in Dartmoor (1915-1916) and Burton Dassett (1923). These lights were described as elusive and capable of maneuvering independently. The authors suggest that these phenomena, like UFOs, produce light and that the distinction between the two can become blurred.

Other Sections

• Notes Complémentaires: Provides additional details on crop circle discoveries, including the significance of dates, the reason for their appearance in cereal fields, and the recovery of flattened stalks.
• Clips & Claps: A section featuring short items, including a mention of ETs in advertising, the Varroa mite, and a Minitel code. It also includes a request for UFO observations for a catalogue and recommendations for books on rumors, beliefs, and mystery felines.
• Fauve Qui Peut!: Discusses 'mystery felines' and mentions a book on the subject.
• Ils Sont Très Forts: Notes that the British magazine Fortean Times is translating a book on Quebec lake monsters.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the persistent mystery of unexplained aerial phenomena, the challenges of investigating such events, and the exploration of various hypotheses ranging from hoaxes to advanced technology and extraterrestrial origins. The magazine appears to maintain an open but critical stance, presenting different theories and evidence without definitively endorsing any single explanation, while acknowledging the need for rigorous investigation and the potential connection between different types of unexplained sightings.

Title: Ovni-présence
Issue: 37
Date: July 1987
Language: French
Focus: This issue of Ovni-présence delves into significant UFO cases and related research, with a strong emphasis on the Rendlesham Forest incident, witness psychology, and historical sightings.

Cover Story: CRASH EN RENDLESHAM FOREST

The cover story, by Jenny Randles, details the Rendlesham Forest incident, which began in December 1980. The article highlights the mystery surrounding the event, noting that its exact origin remains unknown but suggesting its importance if the witness accounts are true. Initial reports surfaced four weeks after the alleged "crash," with a British air traffic controller reporting an unknown object being tracked into the forest. US intelligence personnel became involved, requesting radar films, and some US military personnel from Bentwaters base reportedly observed an object and encountered small entities. The article mentions interferences with a military jeep, ground traces, and a supposed contact between the base commander and extraterrestrials. However, the author expresses skepticism, noting the lack of confirmation from British or US bases and the anonymity of the initial witness. The case was initially reported in the Flying Saucer Review in April 1981.

Bob Easton, an investigator for BUFORA, was already aware of the case when contacted. Norman Oliver, also from BUFORA, was informed by Lucius Farish, an American author. Farish had second-hand information but few details. BUFORA reportedly had no investigators near the site, though Dot Street, who lived in Lowestoft, was a member and had a friend, Brenda Butler, who had previously befriended a US security sergeant at Bentwaters. This sergeant allegedly confided in Butler that he was directly involved in the events of late December 1980, claiming to have been ejected from the air force due to his involvement.

Steve Roberts, a US airman (initially using the alias 'Art Wallace'), provided a similar account to the author, describing a patrol in the woods on the night of December 26-27, 1980, where he and two others saw a discoidal object on the ground. He explained how base commanders were alerted and that the base commander, Gordon Williams, established contact with entities described as being suspended in light, apparently attempting to repair their craft. Brenda received permission in January 1981 to discuss the case, informing Dot Street, who then informed Bob Easton. Brenda and Dot began their own investigations, unaware of Roberts' account. The author initially hesitated to pursue the story due to Roberts' reluctance to reveal his identity and the inexperience of Brenda and Dot.

In 1981, Brenda and Dot gathered numerous rumors, including civilian sightings of lights and foresters discovering damaged trees. The area was reportedly cleared and burned about 18 months later. Despite efforts, they received no official assistance. Donald Moreland, the British base commander, initially mistook Brenda and Dot for government investigators, inadvertently revealing information. When he realized his error, he directed them to the Ministry of Defence, which denied any knowledge of the affair.

Upon becoming director of investigations at BUFORA in late 1981, the author met Brenda and Dot. Recognizing the volume of independent rumors, she decided to compile their notes into a six-page summary titled "The Rendlesham Forest Mystery," published in the Northern UFO News in January 1982, hoping to attract more researchers. The author, living over 250 km away and without a car, used her writing skills to raise interest and sought information from the Ministry of Defence.

The publication of the case was initially met with disinterest, with many dismissing it as "nonsense." The report was published by FSR in 1982, and the author later discussed the case in "The Unexplained" magazine. A group from Swindon, SCUFORI, spent two days with Brenda and Dot, but by then, military witnesses had returned to the US, and the site was altered. SCUFORI found no evidence and concluded they could not verify the original story.

Despite setbacks, the case resurfaced in 1983. A US military official made a statement to Omni magazine about something having happened, though he later refused to discuss it. On April 13, 1983, the Ministry of Defence sent a letter confirming the observation of "bizarre lights" on December 27, 1980, at Bentwaters base, admitting it took two years to acknowledge. This confirmation came shortly after an ex-colonel, Ted Conrad, made a statement to Omni. The author proposed that the incident might not have been a UFO crash but a secret technology (possibly nuclear) for which UFOs served as a convenient cover.

The Ministry's letter and Conrad's statement, along with information from US investigators Larry Fawcett and Barry Greenwood, who received a letter from Bentwaters commander Charles Halt describing the December 27 observation, ground traces, and radioactivity, as well as a second observation on December 28-29, 1980, suggest a coordinated effort. The author notes the unusual timing of these official admissions, occurring three months after a two-year silence.

Larry Warren, a US airman who initially used the alias 'Art Wallace,' claimed to have been expelled from the air force due to his involvement in the Bentwaters affair. His account, described as dramatic and exaggerated, appeared on television and in various media. The author suspects Warren may have been deliberately tasked with discrediting the case. Warren's subsequent media appearances, particularly after the story appeared in English newspapers, monopolized attention and contributed to the ridicule of the case. This led to the publication of "Sky Crash" in October 1984, which detailed the events without definitive conclusions or fiction, attracting only UFO enthusiasts in Britain and Japan.

Despite the lack of mainstream interest, further information emerged between 1984 and 1986. Brenda and Dot were reportedly arrested in relation to the affair. The author laments that despite sufficient material for an episode titled "The Solution," the case is not taken seriously in Great Britain, and she, Brenda, and Dot have lost significantly.

Adel UFO Sighting (September 1983)

This section, authored by Graham Birdsall, digests an investigation by the YUFOS group into a UFO sighting in Adel, Leeds, on September 12, 1983. Several residents, including Christine and Greg Lancaster, observed bright, luminous objects in the sky between 8:30 PM and 10:40 PM. The objects displayed various characteristics, including a bright light, three smaller lights, and a red ball accompanied by white lights. Michael Tebbs and his mother also witnessed the phenomena. The witnesses gathered at the Tebbs' home to observe. Greg Lancaster's recorded account of the event contained discrepancies in timing and visual descriptions compared to his verbal testimony. Michael Tebbs described one object with red, blue, green, and white flashing lights. Using binoculars, he observed a light that seemed to spin. The investigation concluded that errors in observation during the recording likely contributed to the confusion. The article suggests that atmospheric disturbances or distortions due to clouds could explain the observed effects, but also acknowledges the possibility of other celestial bodies, given the witnesses' uncertainty in pinpointing the phenomenon's direction. The Adel "UFO" is ultimately considered a celestial object observed by inexperienced witnesses under unusual circumstances.

Study on Witness Psychology: "Lumières sur le témoin"

Authored by Alexander Keul and Ken Phillips, this study presents preliminary results from a pilot project initiated in 1980 in the Vienna region of Austria, followed by an investigation of over fifty Austrian and British witnesses. The study, which took five years to complete, aimed to identify demographic and biographical details of witnesses to unidentified phenomena. The core question was whether certain psychosocial characteristics, such as unemployment, differed significantly between witnesses in Austria and Great Britain and the general population. The findings were intended to address the long-standing question of whether UFO witnesses are psychologically distinct.

The study involved twenty-one Austrian witnesses (eight close encounters and thirteen distant observations) and twenty-six British witnesses (ten close encounters and sixteen distant observations). The initial results suggested that the question of whether UFO witnesses are psychologically different from the general population could be answered by examining these characteristics.

Historical Case: Douvres (January 1913)

This section examines the Douvres (Dover) UFO sighting from January 1913. The article notes the difficulty in determining whether the observed phenomenon was an aircraft or something more unusual. Explanations at the time included a motorboat named Sappho, but this was contradicted by witness accounts of a light accompanying the engine noise. Other theories suggested a French aircraft, possibly the Clément-Bayard IV / Dupuy-de-Lome, which had flown in the region previously. Weeks after the January 4th observations, French military aircraft were considered as a possible cause, with specific pilots like Adjudant Vincenot or Adjudant Réan mentioned. The British Admiralty was reportedly informed and raised no objections, leading to questions about why public hysteria about foreign aircraft was allowed to persist. The article speculates that this might have been a tactic to foster patriotism and justify armament spending against Germany.

The case of Douvres is considered unusual because French aircraft were implicated. However, the German airship Hansa was also considered a possibility. The lack of unusual observations by cross-channel ferry crews suggested that Douvres might not have been overflown. The article references C.F. Snowden Gamble's "The Air Weapon," which states the Admiralty knew the Hansa was responsible for the Douvres observation. However, public archives reveal a more complex situation. In January 1913, Sir John French believed a French aircraft might be responsible, and Winston Churchill noted in February 1913 that precise information had not been collected. A 1913 report concluded that the origin of the Douvres aircraft remained unknown.

Book Announcement: L'Airship de 1897

This section announces a book titled "L'Airship de 1897: Contribution à l'étude socio-historique de la vague de dirigeables-fantômes aux États-Unis" by Jean SIDER. The book is described as an artisanal edition of 373 pages, resulting from extensive research in public libraries, museums, universities, and newspaper archives. Subscription details are provided, with a deadline of July 15, 1987, and a price of 110 FF plus 20 FF for shipping (total 130 FF). Payment instructions for French and international readers are included.

Archive Project: "Aux archives !"

This section calls for contributions to a systematic collection of press clippings related to the "Marius Dewilde affair." Claude Gaudeau and Jean-Louis Gouzien previously published work on this case, and the magazine is seeking any uncollected press cuttings from ufologists' archives. This compilation will be accompanied by a new "temporal distribution curve of press clippings" and will serve as a supplement to the previous work. Readers are asked to send any articles related to the Dewilde affair not already in the collection to the editorial office. The goal is to create the most complete collection possible.

"Les contes d'un scieur de branches"

This short section announces the publication of a fourth "Dossier Ovni-présence." It includes Jacques Scornaux's text "L'hypothèse psychosociologique: commencement de la fin ou fin du commencement?" and Thierry Pinvidic's response, "Les contes d'un scieur de branches." This 57-page document is available for subscription at 30 FF plus 7.10 FF for shipping within France, and 195 Belgian Francs plus 30 FB for international orders.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the investigation of UFO phenomena, the psychological factors influencing witness accounts, and the role of official bodies and media in shaping public perception. The magazine appears to adopt a stance of critical inquiry, presenting various cases and theories while acknowledging the complexities and often inconclusive nature of the evidence. There is a clear effort to document historical cases and encourage further research, as evidenced by the archive project and the publication of detailed studies. The editorial stance seems to be one of open-mindedness towards the subject matter, coupled with a rigorous approach to evidence and analysis, as exemplified by the detailed breakdown of the Rendlesham Forest case and the psychological study.

Title: Ovni-présence
Issue Date: July 1987
Cover Headline: Fantastiques kidnappings... Des fées aux extra-terrestres...

This issue of Ovni-présence, number 37, published in July 1987, focuses on the complex and often psychological aspects of UFO phenomena, particularly alien abductions and witness accounts. It features an in-depth interview with ufologist Hilary Evans, reviews of books on the subject, and an analysis of psychological approaches to understanding UFO experiences.

Analysis of UFO Witnesses and Psychological Approaches

The issue begins by examining statistical comparisons of UFO witnesses, noting that age and paranormal experiences are significant differentiating factors. Austrian witnesses reported a higher proportion of paranormal phenomena compared to a general population survey in Britain. The results of Rorschach tests administered to British and Austrian UFO witnesses are discussed, revealing a regressive tendency in their psychological processes, suggesting a connection to visions and paranormal phenomena. The article highlights that while UFO witnesses may not be psychotic, their psychological profiles show a regression, possibly linked to their experiences.

Alexander Keul and Ken Phillips are introduced for their comparative study of UFO witnesses and non-witnesses. Their research initially indicated that unidentified case witnesses exhibited more severe psychopathological disorders, though these findings were later invalidated. They employed standard psychological methods like the Rorschach test and anamnesis (gathering personal history).

Interview with Hilary Evans

The central piece of the magazine is an extensive interview with Hilary Evans, a British ufologist and author. Evans discusses the state of ufology in Britain, noting the influence of French authors and the limited translation of French ufological works. He describes his own prolific writing, including "UFO: the greatest mystery," aimed at the general public, and "The Evidence for UFOs," which presents evidence and his critiques. His more recent works, "Visions, apparitions, alien visitors" and "Gods, spirits, cosmic guardians," explore humanoid encounters and compare them to other phenomena like apparitions and witchcraft.

Evans distinguishes between simple and impressive UFO cases, stating that the former are often more significant. He emphasizes that physical evidence alone is rarely sufficient, and his argumentation relies heavily on witness testimony, while acknowledging factors that can modify it. He believes that UFO phenomena are likely natural but unknown, possibly intelligent, rather than solely extraterrestrial spacecraft.

Evans outlines four categories of UFO phenomena: psychological hallucinations, government-constructed objects (citing the Cash Landrum and Rendlesham cases), intelligent natural atmospheric phenomena (like Hessdalen), and Humanoid Entities (HET), which he considers with great reluctance.

He also discusses the concept of the "Producer," an internal agent that creates subconscious narratives, potentially explaining how UFO experiences integrate with personal beliefs and experiences, drawing parallels to romantic-era concepts of consciousness and the "inner sense."

Book Reviews and Features

"The Evidence for Alien Abductions" by John Rimmer

Frédéric Dumerchat reviews John Rimmer's work, which categorizes alien abductions (RR4) and presents numerous cases. The review notes that 80% of the 500 stories collected between 1970-1980 originated from the USA. Rimmer's work links abductions to the development of the UFO myth, succeeding earlier 'contactee' accounts. The review highlights the importance of witness personalities and critiques the use of hypnosis in revealing abduction accounts, suggesting it may not always reveal objective truth.

"The Producer of Hilary Evans" by Bertrand Méheust

Bertrand Méheust reviews Hilary Evans' book "Visions, apparitions, alien visitors," praising its comprehensive documentation and serious approach to various anomalous phenomena, from hypnagogic states to alien visitors. Méheust discusses Evans' "Producer" concept, which posits an internal agent creating subconscious narratives that can influence waking reality, especially during altered states of consciousness. He contrasts this with Freudian psychoanalysis, suggesting the 'Producer' represents a more creative and connected aspect of consciousness.

"Fortean Times"

This section briefly introduces "Fortean Times" as a journal focused on facts and ideas, encouraging readers to develop their own interpretations. It highlights the journal's potential to spark research into various phenomena.

"UFOs 1947-1987"

A mention of a forthcoming BUFORA publication, "UFOs 1947-1987," edited by Hilary Evans, featuring contributions from international researchers.

"Clips & Claps"

This section announces the 4th international BUFORA congress in London and provides contact information for registration.

"Passez aux actes !" (Take Action!)

This section promotes the proceedings of the Lyon Meetings held in April 1987, listing the various topics and presenters, and providing details on how to order the 87-page document.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the psychological and sociological dimensions of UFO phenomena, moving beyond simple 'nuts and bolts' explanations. There is a strong emphasis on witness testimony and the internal experiences of individuals. The editorial stance appears open-minded, encouraging critical analysis while acknowledging the possibility of genuinely unknown phenomena. The magazine seems to favor a multi-disciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, folklore, and history into its investigations. The recurring theme is the complexity of the UFO phenomenon and the need for rigorous, yet open-minded, research.

Title: Les Cahiers Martiens
Issue: 1
Publisher: Observatoire des Parasciences
Country: France
Language: French

Contact Information and Legal Notice

This page provides the contact details for the Observatoire des Parasciences, the publisher of Les Cahiers Martiens. The postal address is PO Box 80057, La Plaine, FR - 13244 Marseille Cedex 01, France. The contact email address is [email protected].

Links are provided to specific online resources related to the publication:

• General articles: http://articles.lescahiers.net/?z=i2040
• Ovni-Présence: http://lescahiers.net/CatalogueMartien/OP.html
• Anomalies: http://lescahiers.net/CatalogueMartien/Anomalies.html

A significant legal notice is included in both French and English. It strictly prohibits the retrieval and online dissemination of the digital version of this publication on any website, blog, social network, or personal/amateur site. The sole authorized online publication is stated to be on the AFU (Archives For the Unexplained) website. Any other unauthorized publication is considered a copyright infringement and will be subject to prosecution.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The content highlighted through the website links suggests a focus on UFOs ('Ovni-Présence'), unexplained phenomena, and anomalies within the realm of parasciences. The publisher's strong stance on copyright and authorized online distribution indicates a concern for controlling the dissemination of their content and maintaining the integrity of their official online presence.