Orbit - Vol 2 - 1955-1956

Magazine Overview

Title: C.R.I.F.O. NEWSLETTER
Issue: Vol. II No. 1
Date: April 1, 1955
Publisher: Civilian Research, Interplanetary Flying Objects

This issue of the C.R.I.F.O. Newsletter, dated April 1, 1955, is dedicated to an "ANNIVERSARY ISSUE" and focuses on two primary themes: the possibility of life on Mars and the phenomenon of 'green fireballs' (GFBs).

Bionomical Mars -- Flora, Fauna and Flares!

The newsletter begins by quoting Dr. R. S. Richardson's book, "Exploring Mars," and Dr. Otto Struve from "Sky & Telescope." Struve admits that while the time may not be ripe for a full discipline of Astro-Biology, the basic facts of life's origin on Earth are still vague, making it difficult to ascertain conditions on Venus and Mars. He notes that phenomena exist which scientists cannot explain, but states there is "no proof the flying saucers are coming from Mars." The Air Force's 1954 release is also cited, stating "no evidence has been received which would tend to indicate that the U.S. is being observed by machines from outer space," a statement noted for its careful wording.

Dr. E. C. Slipher's findings from 20,000 photographs of Mars are presented, with Slipher declaring, "Mars is alive." He based this on observations of changing "oases" and "blue-green markings" that changed color, grew, and shrunk with the seasons. Dr. Slipher noted that the past year must have been "a very good and fertile year on Mars." These findings are corroborated by Mt. Wilson's telescopes, with Dr. R. S. Richardson stating that a large new region on Mars had a "greenish tint" and that biologists "seem to think it is likely that vegetation grows on Mars," though evidence for animal life is lacking.

The editor speculates that the "vegetation" might be of a higher order than simple molds, suggesting conifers, yews, or arctic-type cycads, which could support a higher order of animal life. The possibility of Martian intelligence is discussed, with Dr. Fred L. Whipple suggesting that bacteria or primitive plant life like lichens might exist. Dr. Richardson speculates on a new biochemistry requiring minimal water, potentially allowing for larger plants and even animallike organisms with locomotion, and that intelligence is conceivable.

An anonymous astronomer suggests that while Mars presents a rugged environment, the hypothetical development of a protein molecule could lead to intelligent life, though it would likely be precarious and not as flourishing as on Earth.

The Unexplainable Martian Flares

This section details three observed Martian "flares" between 1937 and 1954, reported by Japanese astronomers Sizuo Mayeda and Tsuneo Saheki, and Ichiro Tasaka. These flares were described as bright, scintillating spots appearing suddenly and lasting for about five minutes. Notably, no American astronomers have reported such observations.

Possible explanations, including sunlight reflection from water or ice, meteorites, and volcanic eruptions, are discussed and largely ruled out. Dr. D. B. McLaughlin comments that the intensity of the flares far exceeds that of terrestrial volcanic activity. He suggests exploring the possibility of solar reflection from oriented ice crystals as a "sun-dog in reverse." The editor concludes that all logical interpretations except the fourth (artificial origin) have been ruled out, posing the question of whether a Martian "atomic" explosion or other artificial explanation is possible, or if more is known than is being revealed.

Green Fireballs

This section shifts focus to "Green Fireballs" (GFBs) observed on Earth. Capt. Robert White of the Defense Department states that 5-22% of "saucer" sightings are unexplainable, and "foo fighters" remain unexplained. He also notes that two UFO pictures show only pinheads of light, and GFBs are not a result of Air Force testing.

GFBs are reported to have occurred in New Mexico, Oakland, California, Tasmania, Florida, Cuba, and Salt Lake City. The New Mexico incidents involved three to four fireballs in a rough line, with observers reporting yellow and green objects with red tails. Dr. Lincoln La Paz denies a meteoritic explanation, citing the lack of fragments, absence of noise, and differing colors as evidence that they are "not of normal meteorites" but "of the same family." He also points out the wide geographical spread of sightings (250 miles) as unusual for meteorites.

• Several incidents are detailed:
• New Mexico (April 6, 1955): Three to four fireballs sighted over the southern part of the state. Sgt. Camilla Saenz described a yellow fireball with a red tail. Observers in Lordsburg described a brilliant white object. Dr. La Paz believed a green fireball seen in Roswell and Albuquerque was the same as those in New Mexico.
• Hobbs, New Mexico (circa 10:15 a.m.): Bill Watson saw a dark-colored ball, about basketball-sized, with a blue tail fall in a pasture, kicking up dust.
• Oakland, California (April 7, 1955): A green object of great brilliance was seen by an airplane pilot and the Oakland International Airport control tower.
• Sharonville, Ohio (April 3, 1955): Three or four hot "coals" exuding white smoke scooted across the highway.
• Carthage, South Dakota: A mysterious hole, about 18-19 inches in diameter and 18 feet deep, appeared on a farm.
• England and Wales (March 24, 1955): A squadron of Meteor jets chased a fiery red object with a red tail that zigzagged across the country.
• Melbourne, Australia (December 20, 1954): Eyewitnesses described a fiery object with a trailing light that moved at great speed, making a sizzling noise.
• Massilon, Ohio (Thanksgiving Holidays, circa 8:30 p.m.): Fred Kirsch reported an object "shaped like a football" that exploded with yellow and orange pieces without sound.

The Hypothesis of a New Climacteric

The writer suggests that Earth might be entering a more critical phase of "visitations," noting a decline in metallic disc reports and a substantial increase in "fireball" sightings. The widening geographical scope of these fireballs is seen as evidence against them being secret U.S. or Russian missiles.

The Formidable Concentrations Over Sweden

This historical discourse revisits the Swedish "ghost rockets" of 1946-47, which were described as mystery spool-shaped objects with fiery tails. Newspapers reported nearly daily sightings, and military authorities received hundreds of reports. The Swedish government's attitude shifted from concern to censorship. These objects were described as small, at low altitudes, and sometimes appearing square or red on the bottom, with flights of up to 600 miles, far exceeding German V-2 rockets. Reports from Stockholm in August 1946 describe swarms of rocket bombs emitting white glows and some observers seeing cigar-shaped "bombs." One incident involved a newly built barn collapsing without visible cause shortly after flying bombs were seen. Sweden began using radar, and Lt. Gen. James Doolittle was involved in inspecting radar equipment. The situation was described as "extremely serious."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the scientific investigation into extraterrestrial life, particularly on Mars, and the reporting and analysis of unexplained aerial phenomena, specifically "green fireballs." The newsletter adopts a stance of open inquiry, presenting observations and expert opinions while also highlighting the limitations of current scientific understanding and the potential for withheld information by authorities. The editor frequently poses questions about the nature and origin of these phenomena, suggesting that more may be known than is publicly revealed. There is a clear emphasis on documenting eyewitness accounts and comparing them with official statements, often finding discrepancies or lack of explanation from governmental bodies.

Title: C.R.I.F.O. ORBIT
Issue: Vol. II-No. 4
Date: July 1, 1955
Publisher: Leonard H. Stringfield
Document Type: Magazine Issue

Main Cover Story: Global UFO Alert and Jet Disasters

The cover of the July 1, 1955 issue of C.R.I.F.O. ORBIT announces a global alert regarding UFO incursions, with world air forces reportedly engaged in joint operations and facing a mounting number of mysterious jet disasters. The Ground Observer Corps (G.O.C.) is alerted to coordinate sky-watch with radar. The publication suggests that despite censorship, a strange kind of war is being waged in the skies, with pilots returning from encounters, some safely, others not.

International UFO Investigations and Censorship

Late reports from correspondents outside the USA confirm growing international alarm over UFOs. Many nations have joined in coordinated investigation programs, but the plans and information exchanged are kept secret. The Royal Australian Air Force lent the USAF a film of a UFO, and a U.S. team was sent to Venezuela to investigate sightings and supposed landings. However, to safeguard evidence and prevent public demand, news services like U.P., A.P., and I.N.S. have reportedly cut UFO information from North America since March 26, 1954. CRIFO's experience mirrors this, with Latin American news items being virtually nil. Coral Lorenzen of APRO notes the surprising lack of U.S. press coverage for Venezuelan encounters, despite the presence of journalists from major publications.

The Nature of the UFO Threat

The publication posits that while terrestrial life seems relatively unchanged by visitations, the skies and Earth's boundaries are not inviolate to "massing legions in space." The rise in jet crashes, the adoption of closer military-civilian skywatch operations, and evidence of USAF defensive actions are cited as markers of UFOs posing a serious problem for military aviation. The causes of these jet crashes are often not satisfactorily explained, leading to speculation about methodical airborne agencies or UFO actions.

Case Studies of UFO Sightings and Incidents

The issue details numerous cases from various locations:

• Sweden (August 13, 1947): Two rockets were observed, one nearly causing casualties when a diving object burst into parts near a boating couple. Another object near Goeteborg turned 35 degrees and returned to its course. A rocket explosion over Denmark illuminated the sky with a bright flash.
• Sweden (March 21, 1947): A metallic cigar-shaped object, approximately 60 feet long, was seen flying from east to west at considerable height, making no noise.
• North Carolina, USA (April 21, 1955): A brilliant blue flash of light was followed by a thunderous explosion about 2 a.m., attributed by a control tower operator to a meteor bursting 50 to 55 miles above Earth.
• New Zealand (May 20, 1954): Three brilliant flashes of bluish light were witnessed at Whenuapai Air Force Station, each followed by a roaring sound, distinct from lightning.
• Argentina (November 25, 1954): At Cordoba Airport, a luminous body, described as half-moon or cigar-shaped, was observed, followed by a circular, saucer-like object with a luminous nucleus and halo.
• Illinois, USA (April 1955): Four Ground Observer Corps members reported a UFO near Rockford, leading to jets being scrambled. The jets reportedly fired on the object, causing it to explode, with a smaller round object emerging before disappearing.
• Japan (February 5, 1955): A disc-shaped object with a long blue tail was seen over Shimizu, illuminating the road before streaking toward the Pacific and disappearing with an explosive sound.
• England (Autumn 1954): Radar tracked objects flying in U and Z formations, appearing from nowhere and converging into parallel lines before taking up a Z formation. Migratory birds were ruled out.
• Maryland, USA (April 10, 1955): A "flying alphabet" anomaly was reported, with V and T formations observed.
• Arizona, USA (March 28, 1955): A large formation of objects, initially mistaken for jet planes in mock combat, began a fluttering motion, moving faster than jets. At least 25 to 100 objects were estimated to be 50,000 to 70,000 ft. high.
• California, USA (May 19, 1955): Jets searched for three silvery disc-shaped objects over Los Angeles, described as "playing tag in the sky" and "leaping over each other."
• Massachusetts/New Hampshire (March 1946): A photograph showed three discs in a V-formation, with other lights observed. A sixth saucer, as large as the others, was seen directly overhead.
• New York, USA (April or May 1946): A cigar-shaped object with a metallic appearance, estimated at 5,000 to 10,000 ft. high, was observed motionless before disappearing instantaneously.
• Florida, USA (May 1946): A "flying football" object was observed moving at high speed, without wings or engine sound, vanishing into a cloud bank.

Debunking UFOs as Human Technology

The writer expresses skepticism towards theories that UFOs are secret U.S., British, or Russian devices. He references Jonathan Leonard's arguments against saucers and strongly refutes the idea that they are human-made. Capt. Edw. J. Ruppelt, former head of Project Blue Book, is quoted as categorically denying that UFOs are a U.S. or any worldly development. The publication also dismisses the possibility of Russian or German saucer-like devices dating back to the early 20th century.

Jet Incidents and Potential UFO Involvement

Several recent jet crashes are highlighted, with the publication questioning whether UFO activity could be the cause. Cases include:

• Sweden (May 2, 1955): Four "Flying Barrel" jet fighters crashed in rapid succession, killing all pilots. The official explanation cited misjudged distance due to low clouds, but the editor notes Sweden's long UFO activity history.
• Wisconsin, USA (May 22, 1955): Two F-80 jets entered bad weather; one returned safely, while the other disappeared without a trace. A fisherman reported a flash and explosion.
• Germany (June 9, 1955): A Sabrejet exploded, killing the pilot and injuring others, after being scrambled to intercept an unidentified plane. The commander stated it's not yet known if it was an enemy plane, but the publication suspects radar blips of a different dimension.
• Portugal (July 1, 1955): Eight jet planes crashed on Carvalho Mountain during Air Force Day celebrations.
• Western USA (June 17): Five U.S. jets crashed simultaneously.
• Germany (June 26): An American Sabrejet rammed a British bomber during NATO maneuvers, resulting in six deaths. The U.S. pilot could not remember the incident.

Other Noteworthy Items

• "Pelicanus Erythrorhychos": An incident involving "flying discs" over Foothill Area was explained as inland pelicans, a conclusion reached after a single man's observation and confirmation by the State Div. of Fish and Game.
• Fragments of Fused Metals: CRIFO received fragments of rare fused metals found near Indianapolis, with spectroscopic analysis revealing chromium, iron, manganese, nickel-cabalt, and vanadium.
• CRIFO Subscription Increase: Due to high operational costs, subscription rates increased to $3.00 per year for U.S. and Canada, and $3.60 for foreign first-class mail.
• Newsletter Vacation: The writer announced a vacation, leading to a combined July and August issue.
• Classification Policy: CRIFO is adopting a classification policy for correspondence (TS, S, C, R, PI) to protect sensitive information.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the pervasive nature of UFO sightings across the globe, the apparent secrecy and censorship surrounding UFO investigations by governments and military bodies, and the potential link between UFO activity and unexplained aerial phenomena, including military jet crashes. The editorial stance is one of skepticism towards official explanations that dismiss UFOs as natural phenomena or secret human technology, advocating for continued investigation and open discussion of evidence, while acknowledging the challenges posed by secrecy and the need for careful classification of information.

Title: C. R. I. F. O. ORBIT
Issue Date: August 5, 1955
Volume: II, No. 5
Publisher: C.R.I.F.O. (Civilian Research, Interplanetary Flying Objects)
Character: This issue of Orbit focuses on the growing concern over UFO activity, presenting evidence and analysis from various sources, including witness accounts, official reports, and speculative interpretations.

The Rockford, Illinois Incident - More Evidence

The lead article revisits the Rockford Incident (Case 82) from April 8, 1955, presenting additional information from Mr. Frank Gallagher. The incident involved three air force jets, a weather balloon, and a 'brilliant white' flat spherical object described as an 'interloper'. The author questions the official explanation of a balloon explosion, citing the jets' engagement and the nature of the object. The article suggests that early April was a busy period for UFO activity, with other bizarre characteristics observed not far away.

Case 94, Roseville, Mich., April 8, 1955

This section includes a letter from Dominic Sondy describing a 'white bar' object observed on April 8, 1955, which appeared sharp, rigid, and frosted, moving horizontally. He estimated its length at about 1 mile and height at 10 miles. Frank Gallagher adds a postscript noting a discrepancy in observation angles between himself and Sondy, suggesting they might have seen two similar objects.

The Contagion of Fear and Geneva Conference

The magazine discusses the World Interplanetary Association's disclosure that the reason for the meeting of the world's four major powers in Geneva was to discuss how to deal with beings from other planets who had delivered a final warning regarding atomic energy. Professor Alfred Nahon of Lausanne, Switzerland, is cited as the source of this information, which was approved by the association's congress. The memo declared that atomic energy could cause the disintegration of the universe and that extraterrestrial inhabitants intervened to prevent this by demanding the abandonment of atomic power. The memo urged the Big Four to inform the world about aircraft from outer space observed since 1945 to avoid panic.

The article suggests that a 'contagion of fear' may have influenced the Geneva Conference, possibly sparked by the Nahon report or a new incident. It posits that the meeting served multiple purposes, including discussing UFO problems and East-West differences, potentially leading to peaceful coexistence and a unified front against any new crisis. The issue also mentions 'black snow' reported by an A.P. reporter, attributed to ashes of secret papers being burned by security men.

South African Meteorologist's Report

Case 95 details an observation by Mr. R. H. Kleyweg from Upington, Cape Province, South Africa, on December 7, 1954. While releasing a weather balloon, he observed a white, half-circle object reflecting the sun. Using a theodolite, he took angular readings, noting the object began to move at greater speed. He calculated a movement of 30 degrees in direction and a speed of 75 m.p.h. for each 10,000 feet of height. He concluded the object was not a balloon and did not behave like one.

Saucer Sundries

• This section provides brief mentions of various UFO-related items:
• An article on Mars in the September issue of National Geographic.
• A recommendation for Uranus, a British publication.
• Mention of New Zealand's C.S.I. publication.
• A new letterpress publication, Australian Saucer Record.
• A letter describing a low hovering 'saucer' in Ontario, Canada, that terrified children.
• A recommendation for Derek Dempster's Flying Saucer Review.
• Mention of George Adamski's new book, 'Inside The Space Ship'.

The New Zealand "Ghost" Comet

This segment discusses the discovery of Comet 'McIntosh', which did not receive scientific recognition and became a subject of controversy. The article reviews facts presented by Harold Fulton of C.S.I., New Zealand. Case 96 describes a strange body in space first reported on May 4, 1955, and later recognized by astronomer R. A. McIntosh. McIntosh initially claimed discovery of a new comet, describing it as having an 'elliptical head and short tail'. However, the Carter Observatory Director, Mr. I. L. Thomsen, dismissed the report, stating nothing was seen. The article expresses disapproval of Thomsen's remarks and suggests that multiple witnesses and telescopes seeing the 'ghost' image point to something more than a simple error. It raises the possibility that the object was an extraterrestrial craft and that authorities are aware of UFOs but withholding information.

An addendum by Harold Fulton suggests that the 'ghost' image was caused by a tiny speck of silver missing from the reflector in the telescope, a claim the author finds difficult to accept, suspecting McIntosh would rather admit to a 'ghost' than a 'flying saucer'.

Operation Spacewatch and Comets

This section reports on astronomical observations, including the discovery of two new comets: Comet Abell (1955b) discovered on April 13, 1955, with a high eccentricity and a perihelion distance within Jupiter's orbit, and Comet Mrkos (1955e) discovered on June 12, 1955, described as a diffuse object with a central condensation and a tail.

The Question of Interplanetary War - Landings and Little Men

This article posits that UFOs have shifted from surveillance to aggressive action, constituting a state of interplanetary war. It notes that the world's military forces are uniting defensively and that regional concentrations and landings of UFOs are occurring. The article highlights Cincinnati as a scene of UFO concentration, with reports of strange objects and landings.

Case 97, Northern Kentucky, Cincinnati, Columbus, Lancaster, Ohio, Aug. 5, '55: Thousands witnessed a large, brilliant tear-drop shaped object flying south to north, moving swiftly and soundlessly. The object was described as uniformly brilliant white with a short fiery tail. Reports of similar objects came from various parts of the city and surrounding areas. The article speculates on the possibility of multiple objects and a possible explosion in northwestern Cincinnati.

Bright Ovoid Lands, Terrifying Dog and Master

Case 98, Northern Cincinnati, 1:00 a.m., Aug. 6, 1955: A witness, E. F., reported a blinding white ovoidal object, about 15 ft. wide, resting on the ground at the end of his driveway. The object pulsed and then ascended rapidly toward the Fernald atomic plant. The witness experienced severe eye irritation and later consulted a doctor.

Ohio's Aerial Tempest

Following the green fireball sighting, Cincinnati's skies became active with strange lighted objects. Orange colored globes were seen over Reading and Mt. Washington. An object was reported moving in pendulum fashion. On August 18, the writer's wife and mother witnessed a large, brilliant ball of light hovering in the sky. On August 21, a report came in of a brilliant object 'landing in the back yard'.

The Controversial Little Green Men and the Tingling Facts

This section discusses numerous reports of 'saucer' landings and little men, citing incidents in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, France, and Italy. It claims that several incidents in the USA have been corroborated, but witnesses are often dismissed as lunatics. The article highlights Cincinnati as a repeated site for landings and the appearance of little green men, suggesting officials are aware of this 'menace'. A case involving a prominent businessman in Loveland is mentioned, where four strange little men were seen. A similar event supposedly occurred near Batavia.

S.A.C. Jets "Dogfight" Three UFO's Over Cincinnati

Case 100, Cincinnati, Aug. 23, '55: Jet interceptors were scrambled to investigate three UFOs sighted and confirmed by radar. The UFOs were observed hovering and moving erratically over Mt. Healthy. Reports described them as round, brilliant white spheres and discs. The writer observed continuous jet activity but was hampered by heavy clouds.

Case 101, Northwest of Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 25, '55: A huge object described as 'bright, round and tannish in color' was witnessed near the Fernald atomic plant. Police officers reported the object hovering directly above the plant. That same night, four teenagers were terrified by a 'little green man'.

The Case of the Deadly Red Rain

Case 102, Cincinnati, July 22, '55: A person mowing his lawn witnessed a low flying pear-shaped object, and subsequently, a peculiar dark red liquid substance began pelting him and a peach tree. The tree died overnight, and the grass also died. The author compares this to Edgar Allen Poe's tales and questions if it relates to 'red spray' cases mentioned by Major Keyhoe.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Orbit include the increasing evidence of UFO activity, the potential for interplanetary conflict, government secrecy surrounding the phenomenon, and the need for public awareness and investigation. The editorial stance is one of serious concern and a commitment to presenting factual accounts and analysis, urging readers to support organizations like CRIFO and the Ground Observers Corps. The publication emphasizes that UFOs are not a laughing matter and that the implications are profound for humanity's future.

Title: ORBIT
Issue: VOL. II-No. 7
Date: October 7, 1955
Publisher: C.R.I.F.O. (Civilian Research, Interplanetary Flying Objects)

This issue of ORBIT magazine, the official publication of C.R.I.F.O., focuses on the "Fantasy of Facts in a Fog of UFOBia," asserting that the interplanetary theory of UFOs is no longer a theory but a fact. The publication aims to disseminate information despite potential government censorship and public fear.

The Fantasy of Facts in a Fog of UFOBia

The writer reflects on the public's initial incredulity towards flying saucers and the recurring cycle of theories, silence, and skepticism, which he terms "UFObia." He argues that the increasing number of UFO sightings confirms the interplanetary nature of these objects. The writer's conviction stems from a comprehensive viewing of interrelated evidence from multiple, unbiased sources. He suggests that governments are deliberately hiding facts about UFOs to prevent public panic, citing the Orson Welles radio broadcast of "The War of the Worlds" as an example of how panic can be induced.

The Cincinnati Scene-Still UFO-Infested

Greater Cincinnati continued to be a hub for UFO activity. On August 29, a metallic disc was observed hovering over the Ohio River before speeding away. The city's perimeter areas, particularly western sections, experienced frequent visits from strange lights described as discs and spheres. Adrian Connelly reported objects hovering, making square turns, swinging like pendulums, and bouncing. Landings were also reported near the Fernald Atomic Plant. On September 20, a bright red and green object was seen flying low and soundlessly. Later, two large, brilliant red objects were observed in Mt. Healthy, one of which bounced like a ball. An aircraft appeared, and the object changed from red to white, shooting southwest. On September 23, in Mt. Washington, two large red lights maneuvered toward a hilltop, stopped, and then moved independently, jumping up and down before disappearing. Witnesses reported a dog barking furiously at a leashed dog in the area where the objects oscillated.

Metallic Ball Lands in Yard-Departs on Sound of Voice

Case 104 describes an incident on September 3, 1955, near Cincinnati, where Frank Flaig and his wife observed a metallic gray spheroid descending slowly. The object, estimated to be about four feet in diameter, had no protruding parts or lights. It dropped out of sight behind a house and was later found suspended about a foot above the ground. When Flaig's wife called out, the spheroid began to rise, making no sound, and ascended at a 45-degree angle. The Flaigs ruled out the possibility of it being a balloon due to its behavior and lack of attachments.

Mysterious Helmet-Like Object Discovered in Official H-Bomb Film

Case 105 reports on a photograph sent by Jesse J. Leaf, showing a clear-cut object resembling a flying saucer. The image was taken from a TV newsreel film of H-bomb tests. The object, described as a rolling mass of black smoke rising diagonally, appeared next to a cloud, with an outline much like a helmet or pyramid. The writer suggests that the object's motion, combined with the smoke, may have tricked viewers and censors, and that its presence indicates spacecraft are observing nuclear developments.

Pilot of Royal Thai Air Force Describes Encounter with UFO Over Korat

Case 106 details an encounter in May 1954, where a Royal Thai Air Force instructor and his student observed an orange fireball, about six feet in diameter, moving at high speed. A smaller blue fireball, attached to the right side of the orange one, was also seen. The objects reduced speed and accompanied the plane before making a fast half-circle and disappearing. The pilot estimated the initial speed at 800 to 1000 mph.

Rationalizing the Little Green Men

The response to articles about "little green men" has been significant. The writer acknowledges that some readers are disturbed by the subject. He presents an incident involving a police officer who observed four "little men," about three feet tall, huddled together and exhibiting non-human features. The writer feels this corroborates the existence of such entities, possibly related to the "hairy little biped" species reported in Venezuela and "Abominable Snowmen" from the Himalayas. Theories are discussed, including the possibility of these creatures being extraterrestrial beings of a specialized race, or even a hybrid strain adapted to Earth's atmosphere, potentially exploited by a higher intelligence.

Saucer Sundries

This section includes a letter from Ernesto Thayaht in Italy, noting an increase in reported sightings in Sicily and Italy, including a "disco volante" over Mt. Etna. He also mentions four cases of "little men" in Italy, though direct investigation was not possible. Horacio Gonzales of Venezuela reports that at a pilots' meeting, at least eight pilots mentioned seeing UFOs over Venezuela. An interesting case involves a plane with 40 passengers where the captain observed a lighted disc that zigzagged and signaled back to the plane's lights. Harold Fulton from New Zealand reports an increase in UFO sightings in England, including 15 glowing pencil-like objects seen by Denis Thursfield.

The Case for Interplanetary "War"

The writer postulates that UFOs have transitioned from surveillance to aggressive action, constituting a state of "interplanetary war." This war is characterized as a conflict without conventional armies or weapons, potentially existing under tight censorship. The writer cites CRIFO Case 100 as an example of military forces being "actively opposed to" UFOs and mentions aerial mishaps resulting from UFO activity. He suggests that the barrier between human intelligence and the extraterrestrial "foe" may be impervious, leading to a struggle that may never be resolved peacefully.

Space War Possible is MacArthur Hint

Supporting the idea of extraterrestrial conflict, the article references General Douglas MacArthur's statement to the Mayor of Naples, suggesting that all countries on Earth might need to unite against an attack from "people from other planets." The writer interprets this as a subtle hint of "top-drawer thinking" regarding UFOs and potential interplanetary threats.

Space Fireball Blows Up, Sets Off Louisiana Fires

Case 110 describes a "mysterious fireball" that caused a flurry of plane crash reports across at least five southern states on October 14, 1955. A single-engine plane was reported down in Lake Pontchartrain, and smoke was observed from a crashed object in the swamps. Witnesses reported seeing a fiery object in the air that disintegrated. The event was described as a "fireball" or "meteor," but the lack of sound accompanying the explosion, as noted by Dr. Lincoln LaPaz, is considered unusual. The article also mentions the alarming frequency of such "fireballs" and compares them to a July 11, 1955, cylinder sighting over California.

Were These Balloons, Mr. Quarles?

This section questions the Air Force's explanation of UFO sightings as weather balloons. Emil Slaboda reports an incident during Hurricane Diane where two "oblong and brilliant" UFOs were sighted over Hamilton Township skies, seemingly signaling each other. The witness found it impossible to believe they were weather balloons or planes braving the storm.

Exclusive: Statement by High-Ranking Air Force General is Bared, Pointing to Saucer Menace

Robert C. Gardner shares a statement from a high-ranking Air Force general (Benjamin Chidlaw) from February 1953. The general acknowledged having "stacks of reports about flying saucers" and stated that they are taken seriously due to the loss of "many men and planes trying to intercept them."

Violence in Retrospect

This section highlights aircraft losses attributed to UFOs, dating back to the 1939 incident near San Diego and Honolulu (Case 107). A military transport plane with thirteen men aboard experienced distress, and upon landing, all crew members were found dead with large, gaping wounds. The plane's automatic weapons were emptied, and a rotten egg odor pervaded the atmosphere. Security measures were imposed, and cameras were restricted. The writer suggests a retaliatory effort against "hostile and mysterious outside forces."

The Mystery at Medicine Bow Peak

Case 108 details the unexplained crash of a DC-4 aircraft at Medicine Bow Peak, Wyoming, resulting in the deaths of 66 people. Herbert E. Clark, Jr.'s analysis points out unexplained mysteries, including the plane being 35 miles off course, contradictory weather reports, flying at an altitude that hit the peak, and the lack of any radio messages. Clark suggests three possibilities: pilot error, magnetic influences affecting instruments, or contact with the magnetic field of a UFO.

The Mystery of the Missing

This section discusses the disappearance of aircraft, including two jets over Lake Michigan in February 1955 and a Navy Corsair that vanished near the Rock of Gibraltar. It also mentions three F-84-F fighter bombers from Langley Air Force Base that went missing in Chesapeake Bay. A case involving a missing Air Force plane from McClellan Air Force Base is also noted, with the father of a pilot offering a reward, and the Air Force stating there was virtually no chance the reward could be claimed.

Case 109 describes the violent explosion of a Republic Aviation Corp. Thunderflash during a routine flight, killing test pilot Earl Kane. An eyewitness reported seeing two planes, but Republic officials denied this. The incident is noted for its cloak of security and the curious coincidence of a private Cessna crash-landing nearby.

New Evidence on Swedish 4-Way Disaster

New evidence concerning Case 90, a Swedish 4-way disaster, is presented. An aircraft disappeared soon after take-off from a base at Norrkoping. The formation had received permission to pass through clouds. The distance from take-off and the melting surface of the lake below were speculated as potential factors.

Through the Telescope - Lights on the Moon

This section includes two letters from "Sky & Telescope" magazine. One describes a bright flare observed on the moon near the Carpathian Mountains on August 26, 1955, which remained visible for about 35 seconds. The other describes two distinct flashes of light observed near the Taurus Mountains on September 8, 1955.

Through the Telescope - Lights in Space

Case 111 details an observation by lunar astronomer Mr. Harold Hill in England on July 8, 1954. He observed a bright, stationary, star-like object that resolved into a bright silvery object of indefinite shape, accompanied by a cluster of smaller objects. The main objects were seen separating, gyrating, and flashing, with a slow pendulum movement about each other. Mr. Hill later theorized that the principal object might have been cylindrical.

1956-A Look into the Unknown

As 1956 approaches, CRIFO anticipates significant developments in the UFO field. The year is noted for Mars' closest opposition, and the possibility of the U.S., Britain, or Russia unveiling their own "discoidal" craft. The magazine expresses hope for a "truth punch" that will reveal the real story behind UFOs.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the persistent presence of UFOs in the Cincinnati area, the assertion of the interplanetary origin of UFOs, and the belief in government secrecy and cover-ups. The editorial stance is one of advocating for the dissemination of facts, encouraging public vigilance, and challenging official explanations for UFO phenomena. The magazine actively promotes the idea that UFOs represent a serious matter, potentially involving a conflict with extraterrestrial forces, and encourages readers to stay informed and demand transparency from authorities. The publication also highlights the financial struggles of CRIFO, emphasizing the need for more subscribers to continue its work.

Title: Orbit
Issue Date: January 6, 1956
Publisher: C.R.I.F.O. (Civilian Research, Interplanetary Flying Objects)
Volume: II, No. 10

This issue of Orbit magazine, dated January 6, 1956, focuses on the persistent theme of flying saucer sightings and what the publication perceives as widespread "censorism" and a deliberate effort to suppress information about these phenomena. The editorial stance is critical of official explanations and media handling of UFO reports, advocating for a more open investigation and public awareness.

Flying Saucers and Censorism

The lead article, "Flying Saucers and Censorism," directly addresses the perceived cover-up of UFO information. It critiques an editorial from The Cincinnati Enquirer that dismisses flying saucers as non-existent, attributing this stance to an Air Force "dictum" and a "nation-wide smear campaign" designed to discredit the topic and prepare for an expected surge in sightings in 1956. The article suggests a "clandestine 'gentleman's agreement" among newspapers to downplay or ignore UFO stories, citing instances where reporters who initially showed interest later dropped the subject. The writer recounts a personal experience where a story about "Case 100" was killed at the city editor's desk after initial enthusiasm.

Case Reports

The issue details several recent UFO sightings and incidents:

• Case 112, Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 9, '55: An amateur astronomer observed a fiery elliptical object moving in a large arc, making no sound and traveling from west to southeast.
• Case 113, Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 9, '55: Twelve white, wingless objects were seen moving silently at tremendous speed, described as about the size of a half-dollar. They formed a V formation that switched to an A. Observers estimated their altitude at 3000 ft. and speed at 200 mph. An Air Force observer suggested they were a formation of military aircraft.
• Case 114, Drexel Hill, Pa., Nov. 13, '55: An object was observed in the Northwest, described as two or three times brighter than a large plane's under-light, moving southeast and occasionally making small counterclockwise circles. It had a steady glow, white or yellowish, and made no noise.
• Denver's Devilish Disc (Case 115, Denver, Colorado, Oct. 3, 17, 18, 20, 21, '55): Multiple sightings of a UFO behaving erratically. It appeared around 8:00 p.m. MST, came from the Southeast at over 20,000 ft., and climbed at tremendous speed. Visually, it looked like a brilliant yellow-orange star, round, with a light yellow center and a blue-green surround. Its behavior included blinking rapidly, making square turns, sudden acceleration and stops, and reversing direction instantly.
• Mystery Light Tails New Zealand Airliner (Case 116, Wellington to Auckland, Oct. 31, '55): A bright "flying light" traveled alongside a National Airways DC3 for about 15 miles, ignoring the aircraft before disappearing. The pilot described it as an "eerie experience" and "definitely not a comet or meteor." Its speed was estimated at 850 mph.
• Case 120, Spirit Lake, Iowa, Nov. 23, 1955: Two GOC members reported a brilliant object hovering for about 20 minutes, emitting a "multi-motor sound." The object appeared at an elevation of about 750 feet, moved erratically, changed color from white to bluish white, green, and red, and moved against the wind.
• Green Fireball Soars Low Over Cincinnati (Case 121, Cincinnati, O., Dec. 15, 1955): A chemical engineering student saw a giant green fireball with a short, bright red tail, streaking low toward the southwest at incredible speed and without sound. It was described as a "hot fiery ball-definitely the green of burning copper."
• Fireball Finds Range, Wrecks Workshop (Case 128, Adelaide, Australia, June 15, 1955): An explosion that wrecked a shop was attributed to a meteorite, though no physical evidence of a meteorite was found. An eyewitness reported seeing a bright fireball flash across the sky in that direction before the explosion.

Specific Incidents and Investigations

• The "Ghost Plane" Incident (Case 119, Dark Hollow, Pa., Nov. 18, 1955): Extensive search parties combed a mountainous region for a crashed plane after reports of flares and sounds. Despite the efforts of searchers, firemen, police, and volunteers, no trace of a plane was found. Reports of flares continued, with some suggesting they might have been departure signals from expeditionary saucers.
• Jets Chase Saucers, Heralding in 1956: This section reports on an incident in Northwestern Cincinnati where a lone, soundless saucer was observed. It also mentions reports of fiery objects crashing near Newark, Ohio, with no evidence of a crash found. The article notes that Cadiz and Newark are only 75 miles apart, suggesting a possible connection. It also details a sighting near Lafayette, Indiana, where jets were sent to chase objects described as "highspeed hallucinations."
• Metallic Fragments Spray Over Fiji (Case 127, Yakobu, Vatulele, Fiji Islands, Dec. 27, 1955): During a lightning storm, the village was showered with metallic fragments. The event was initially explained as a meteorite explosion, but samples were sent for analysis. The article also links this to the mysterious "Joyita" incident.

Commentary and Editorial Stances

• Lord Dowding Speaks a Wise Philosophy: Air Chief Marshall Lord Dowding of England expresses concern about the term "Ufobia" and the general tone of Orbit, which he feels encourages fear of interplanetary visitors. He advocates for a humanitarian approach and cautions against provoking conflict.
• "Artificial Meteors" Discussion: The magazine explores the concept of "artificial meteors," referencing an article by Dr. Fritz Zwicky. It speculates that these might be secret U.S. developments used for testing or exploring space, and that their success might have inadvertently led to perceived retaliation from "saucer people."
• Project Twinkle: The article mentions a secret Air Force project called "Project Twinkle" that studied "green fireballs" but whose findings were refused to be made public.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the prevalence of UFO sightings across various locations, the perceived efforts by official bodies (like the Air Force) and the media to suppress or discredit this information, and the speculation about the nature and origin of these phenomena, ranging from advanced terrestrial technology to extraterrestrial visitors. The editorial stance is clearly pro-investigation and skeptical of official denials, positioning Orbit as a platform for disseminating information that is otherwise ignored or censored. The magazine actively encourages reader contributions and aims to provide a counter-narrative to mainstream reporting on UFOs.

Title: ORBIT
Issue: Vol. II-No. 12
Date: March 2, 1956
Publisher: C. R. I. F. O. (Civilian Research, Interplanetary Flying Objects)
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This special issue of ORBIT, dated March 2, 1956, is dedicated to "Events and Comments" and presents a comprehensive study of the flying saucer problem. It features numerous reports of alleged UFO sightings, mysterious air disasters, and analyses from civilian researchers and organizations like CRIFO.

Key Articles and Reports

"SCIENTIFIC FILM VERIFIES SAUCERS EXIST" This section discusses a scientific expedition over Norway in August 1954, where two silvery objects were photographed. The film, initially suppressed due to fear of ridicule, was later released and reportedly showed the objects maneuvering. The report notes discrepancies between initial accounts and later releases, but suggests the film provides scientific credence to the UFO phenomenon.

"THE INTERLOPER" This article details Case 130, a fatal Eastern Air Lines crash in Jacksonville, Florida, on December 21, 1955. The investigation suggested the pilot was ducking 'something' before the crash, with testimony from a truck driver who saw two jets preceding the airliner and a subsequent flash. Radar observers did not detect other planes.

"AIR DISASTERS WITH 'MISSING LINKS'" This section covers Case 131, involving multiple military crashes in England and Sweden on January 21, 1956. It also touches upon Case 132, where four USAF jets crashed into the East China Sea. Conflicting reports from AP and UP regarding the cause (weather vs. fuel) raise suspicions of a cover-up or an unstated reason for the pilots bailing out.

"NAVY INVESTIGATES GROUNDED METAL OBJECT" Case 137 describes a mysterious metal object spotted in the marshes of Ossabaw Island, Georgia, in September 1955. The Navy stated the matter was under investigation but provided no pertinent information. The object's origin remains unclear.

"'IT WAS NOT FROM OUTER SPACE'" Case 138 reports a guided missile crash in an orange grove near Porterville, California, on January 30, 1956. While officially attributed to a missile from the China Lake Naval Ordnance Test Station, comments suggest the Navy's explanation of 'weather affected it' and the emphasis on it not being from outer space were peculiar.

"MYSTERY MISSILE LEAVES BIG CRATER" Case 139 details an explosion near Newport, England, on January 5, 1956, leaving a large crater. Initially investigated as a potential meteorite, it was later identified as an American practice bomb. The report questions the timing of the identification and the lack of immediate reporting by the pilot.

"SEA-SAUCER OR SEARCHLIGHT?" Case 140 describes an incident at Redondo Beach, California, on February 9, 1956, where a 'ball of fire' plunged into the sea. It was later identified as a U. S. Signal Corps sea search flashlight, though discrepancies in the reports (e.g., the 'ball of fire' description) are noted.

"THE VENEZUELAN SEA-SAUCER" Case 141 reports a pulsating red light seen near Los Caracas, Venezuela, in mid-January 1956, which landed in the sea. The object was described as too slow for a meteor and too low for a plane, raising questions about its nature.

"AIR-SEA PUZZLE IN S. W. PACIFIC" This section discusses the disappearance of the vessel Arakarimoa in the Southwest Pacific in December 1945, carrying eight passengers and a crew of 15. Despite extensive searches, no trace was found. The article also mentions other mysterious incidents in the region, including phantom ships and 'blips' tracked by radar, suggesting a connection between UFOs and the sea.

"THE LOUISIANA 'BALLOON' STORY" Case 135 describes a mysterious flash seen over Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico on January 26, 1956, accompanied by reports of an unknown balloon-like object hovering. Contradictory reports emerged, with the object initially described as elongated and later identified as a moored weather balloon.

"CIGAR-SHAPED UFO SEEN BY PAN AMERICAN CREW" Case 136 recounts a sighting by a Pan American pilot and flight engineer over the Gulf of Mexico on January 22, 1956. They observed a large, cigar-shaped object moving at high speed, which the flight engineer, previously a skeptic, described as 'something very solid.'

"BEHIND SCENES OF A SAUCER SIGHTING" This report details a series of sightings in Gainesville, Florida, on October 31, 1955, where four to six oblong, red-orange objects were observed flying overhead. The author, J. H. Bruening, suggests that the Air Force's handling of the UFO problem is due to a lack of scientific approach and possibly a desire to avoid public panic.

"SAUCER NUMBS POLICEMAN" Case 143 describes a Williston, Florida, policeman's sighting of six lighted objects on November 2, 1955. The objects were described as silent, bright, and moving at high speeds. The policeman, experienced with aircraft, found no resemblance to known craft. Case 144 reports a similar incident the following night.

"FLYING SAUCERS AND PUBLIC OPINION" This section discusses the public perception of UFOs and the challenges faced by civilian researchers. It highlights the Air Force's pronouncements denying the existence of popular flying saucer descriptions and criticizes the 'narrowly statistical approach' to the subject. It calls for greater public engagement in UFO research.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the persistent mystery of UFOs, the perceived secrecy and evasiveness of government agencies (particularly the U.S. Air Force), and the efforts of civilian researchers to gather and disseminate information. The publication strongly advocates for transparency and open investigation into the UFO phenomenon, criticizing official explanations that are often seen as contradictory or insufficient. There is a clear editorial stance supporting the idea that UFOs are a significant, unexplained anomaly that warrants serious attention, and that the public has a right to be informed about the facts, regardless of potential implications.

The publication also touches upon the potential for UFOs to be extraterrestrial in origin and explores various theories, including the possibility of interplanetary war or peaceful visitation. The articles emphasize the need for objective analysis of evidence and a rejection of dismissive attitudes. The overall tone is one of persistent inquiry and a call for greater public awareness and participation in understanding this complex issue.