Nous Papers 6

Magazine Overview

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: Número 6
Date: Desembre de 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher: Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris (CEI)
Country of Publication: Spain
Language: Catalan
ISSN: 2604-1405

This issue of Nous Papers d'Ovnis is dedicated to exploring various aspects of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) and strange occurrences. The magazine emphasizes that the views expressed are solely those of the authors and that it is a non-commercial publication.

Articles

L'onada de bombes volants sobre Suècia de 1946 i la seva recepció a Catalunya * Author: Gerard Casademon * Topic: This article examines the wave of 'flying bombs' that occurred over Sweden in 1946 and how these events were perceived and received in Catalonia.

Ovnis sobre el Montseny * Author: Martí Flò * Topic: A discussion of UFO sightings over the Montseny region.

Llum no identificada sobre Castelldefels l'estiu de 1958 * Author: Ramón Franquesa Freixas * Topic: This article investigates an unidentified light observed over Castelldefels during the summer of 1958.

Dos fenòmens aeris singulars a Sant Feliu de Guixols de finals del segle XVI * Author: Jordi Ardanuy * Topic: An exploration of two unique aerial phenomena reported in Sant Feliu de Guixols in the late 16th century.

Magònia als nuvóls de Perpinyà * Author: HGF * Topic: This piece delves into 'Magònia in the clouds of Perpignan'.

El meteorit del Turó de la Peira de 1969 * Author: Jordi Ardanuy * Topic: An article focusing on the meteorite event at Turó de la Peira in 1969.

Blog del CEI

Un objecte no identificat sobre Perpinyà resulta ser un Airbus A350 * Topic: A blog post discussing an unidentified object sighted over Perpignan, which was later identified as an Airbus A350.

Unes estranyes llums al cel de Noruega són conseqüència d'un estudi de la NASA * Topic: This entry explores strange lights observed in the Norwegian sky, linking them to a study conducted by NASA.

L'Ovni de Carballal i Sierra a Montserrat el 1987, un bòlid molt brillant? * Topic: A blog post questioning whether a reported UFO sighting involving Carballal and Sierra in Montserrat in 1987 was actually a very bright meteor.

La Marina dels EUA reconeix fenòmens no identificats en vídeos * Topic: This post reports on the US Navy's acknowledgement of unidentified phenomena captured in videos.

Hemeroteca (Archive Section)

This section revisits historical events related to strange phenomena:

• Fa 150 anys (150 years ago): Fenomen singular (Singular Phenomenon)
• Fa 140 anys (140 years ago): Dubuque veu el globus (Dubuque sees the globe)
• Fa 110 anys (110 years ago): El Misteri aeri de Townships (The aerial mystery of Townships)
• Fa 50 anys (50 years ago): «Ovni» ('UFO')
• Fa 40 anys (40 years ago): Aterra un avió per tres ovnis (A plane lands because of three UFOs)
• Fa 30 anys (30 years ago): Científics soviètics confirmen l'aterratge d'un OVNI a 500 quilòmetres de Moscou (Soviet scientists confirm the landing of a UFO 500 kilometers from Moscow)

Other Content

Ovnis a Catalunya (2019) * Author: Jordi Ardanuy * Topic: A contemporary look at UFOs in Catalonia in 2019.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently focuses on UFO sightings, historical unexplained events, and the analysis of such phenomena. It presents a platform for diverse viewpoints from authors, emphasizing a commitment to exploring the unknown without commercial intent. The inclusion of historical cases through the 'Hemeroteca' section highlights a long-standing interest in the subject matter, spanning over 150 years. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into strange aerial phenomena, encouraging detailed reporting and analysis.

Title: L'onada de bombes volants sobre Suècia de 1946 i la seva recepció a Catalunya (The wave of ghost rockets on Sweden in 1946 and its reception in Catalonia)
Issue: 6
Date: December 2019
Publisher: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Author: Gerard Casademon

This article delves into the phenomenon of 'ghost rockets' that appeared over Sweden and other parts of Scandinavia in 1946, and examines how these reports were received in Catalonia. The author, Gerard Casademon, explores the historical, political, and military context that influenced the interpretation of these sightings.

The Ghost Rocket Wave of 1946

The phenomenon began in the spring and intensified throughout the summer of 1946, with thousands of inhabitants in Sweden reporting sightings of flying bombs or rocket-like projectiles. The international press covered these events, often interpreting them as a Soviet pressure tactic. The activity later extended to other parts of Europe, notably Greece and Italy.

In Catalonia, news from information agencies was published, but there was no 'contagion effect' – meaning the sightings did not lead to widespread panic or similar reports locally.

Introduction

Nearly a year after the end of World War II, extraordinary reports of strange aerial phenomena began to reach Swedish newspapers and the Ministry of Defence. Between May and December 1946, Defence received 997 reports, though this was estimated to be half the number recorded in Sweden and other Scandinavian countries that year. Specifically, between May and September 1946, thousands of Swedes reported seeing rocket-shaped projectiles in the sky.

At the time, Soviet military forces occupied Peenemünde, the former Nazi rocket research center. This situation fueled public fear that the observed objects were German flying bombs being tested to intimidate the Swedish public. In Catalonia, these projectiles were known as 'bombes volants' (flying bombs), a term used during WWII for German V1 and V2 weapons. Other terms like 'bombes coet' (rocket bombs) and 'projectils coet' (rocket projectiles) were also used. Later, the term 'ghost rockets' and its translation 'coets fantasma' (phantom rockets) became common among ufologists.

This article aims to summarize the events of that wave and analyze its reception in Catalonia.

Historical and Political-Military Context

The historical and political context is crucial for understanding why astronomical and meteorological phenomena were so readily interpreted as Soviet-made rockets. A long-standing distrust existed between the USSR and Scandinavia, marked by espionage accusations, heated political rhetoric, disputed borders, and past conflicts. Swedish officials, including high-ranking military officers, politicians, police, journalists, and scientists, acknowledged the existence of rockets. The German V weapons had caused significant damage in cities like Antwerp and London towards the end of WWII, creating a fear that V1 or V2 rockets might fall on Sweden due to animosity with the USSR. The Soviet Union controlled much of Northern Europe at the time, leading to uncertainty about their intentions towards Scandinavia and potential territorial claims. This post-war ambiguity and fear of a Russian invasion contributed to rumors of potentially hostile Russian intentions.

By mid-March, the Swedish press speculated that the Soviets might be testing flying bombs over Sweden. The Swedish News Agency Tidningarnas Telegrambyra published a report warning of such possibilities. In late April, seismic tremors in regions like Skane, Blekinge, and Kalmar, near the Danish island of Bornholm, led one newspaper to suggest they could be tests of Russian atomic weapons.

Development of the Observation Wave

Starting in early January, numerous reports emerged describing unusual meteors and bright clouds. For instance, on January 4th, residents in southern Sweden reported seeing luminous clouds with red, purple, and green hues. An incident at a military training base in Revingehed during a spectacular aurora caused horses to lower their heads and guard dogs to retreat into their kennels.

Notable meteor observations were recorded in northern Stockholm at Fransborg on January 9th, in Jamdand the same day, and throughout the Dalarna region on January 17th. Reports of meteors and auroras continued between February and early May 1946. Highlights included a fireball in Vasterbotten, parts of Västernorrland and Norrbotten, and western Finland on February 17th, and a possible meteor train on February 21st across several regions. By late March, an unprecedented aurora borealis was reported. This activity, considered natural, continued until early May.

Additionally, between January and May 1946, strange atmospheric phenomena were reported, including a mirage in Gagnef, a mysterious light in Dalarna, a halo in Helsingfors, and a parhelion ('double sun') in Fagerhult. In May, reports included globular lightning over Väderöbod and Svaneke, a 'mysterious light' over Stockholm, and a yellow fireball near Helsingborg on the 21st.

However, from May 24th onwards, sightings began to be identified as potentially hostile missiles. An observation over Landskrona by a security official described a 'fireball with a tail,' while another witness reported a 'wingless, cigar-shaped object' expelling exhaust sparks. Press reports soon began describing these sightings as Soviet weapons, using terms like 'V-bomb,' 'V-1 bomb,' 'remotely guided bomb,' 'rocket bomb,' and 'projectile.'

On May 27th, following reports of wingless aircraft and fireballs in numerous locations, it was suggested these observations were experiments with 'remotely controlled bombs.'

From late May to early June, there was a transitional period where aerial objects were labeled as meteorites or missiles. A massive wave of 'rocket projectile' sightings occurred in June across the country. On June 8th, a former pilot reported seeing a 'rocket with intermittent exhaust gases' in Eskilstuna. The next day, a 'phantom rocket' was observed crossing southern Finland, intensifying fears in Sweden.

Amidst national panic, on June 12th, Swedish defence officials distributed a memorandum to military units nationwide, requesting observers to complete questionnaires about the mysterious sightings. The note indicated that 'it cannot be ruled out that these may be connected to tests of some type of remotely piloted weapons by a foreign power.'

From mid-June to early July, reports of fireballs and missiles were common, including several spectacular ones. On July 10th, military officials sought public assistance for information on mysterious aerial objects or sounds. Around the same time, the army participated in public inspections of sites where alleged impacts had occurred. These events likely increased anxiety and solidified the belief that the sightings were V-rockets fired by the Soviets.

While military officials investigated, at least 28 firsthand accident reports were filed, and 30 fragments of 'phantom bombs' were recovered and analyzed, but no evidence of armament was found. Once the belief in the existence of rockets became widespread, various events with other causes were attributed to phantom rockets. For example, two fires of unknown origin were blamed on these bomb impacts. On August 11th, a barn in Norrland collapsed for no apparent reason, and it was written that the collapse was 'related to the appearance of phantom rockets,' which had been seen in the area that same day. However, the police later determined the cause was a tornado.

As the wave continued, explanations for various events became increasingly fantastic. Three cows found dead on a farm in Jämtland without an obvious cause led the farmer to believe a phantom rocket had released poison. Following an infestation of flying caterpillars in southern provinces in mid-July, a citizen suggested that some mysterious rockets contained caterpillars. Rumors circulated that the projectiles were filled with political propaganda leaflets. Even the crash of a B-18 bomber on August 12th was blamed on phantom rockets, until an investigation rejected this hypothesis. On the same day, about eight people reported seeing luminous phantom bombs flying just above the ground, heading north over Karlstad. However, it turned out they were simple soap bubbles made by a child.

During this period, many people thought they had found fragments of phantom rockets or evidence of their existence. In central Sweden, military personnel examined a crater resulting from an alleged impact. A projectile found near another impact site was identified as a shaft from a steam valve. When a farmer claimed to have found a rocket embedded in the ground near Blekinge, it seemed like real proof of its existence. However, subsequent scrutiny revealed the object was an aircraft antenna. On the night of August 20th, many citizens of Nyhem were convinced they had seen a rocket pass, which had ended in a shower of sparks. The next day, the carcass of a magpie electrocuted by high-voltage lines was found. Colonel Sven Ramstrom coined the term 'bomb psychosis' to describe the tendency of some citizens to identify meteorites as phantom rockets. As sightings declined towards the end of July, some reporters used terms like 'rocket psychosis' and 'war psychosis.'

Many prominent Swedes publicly expressed fears that the Soviets were testing rockets that could soon carry atomic warheads, posing a risk of their country's annihilation. Several writers penned fatalistic texts, some even in the form of poems, fearing a nuclear holocaust.

Public Statement by Swedish Authorities

On October 10th, the Swedish Defence Administration released the results of its four-month investigation. There was no concrete evidence that a single rocket had flown over Sweden during that period. 80% of the nearly 1,000 reports were attributed to meteorological or astronomical causes. While the remaining reports could not be conclusively identified, no irrefutable evidence of foreign rockets was found. A fragment of their publication is noteworthy:

«The majority of the observations are, with certainty, the result of celestial phenomena [... which] occur often but generally do not attract special attention. When public interest was awakened...

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The article highlights themes of post-war anxiety, fear of Soviet aggression, the role of media in shaping public perception, and the challenges of identifying unusual aerial phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of objective reporting and historical analysis, presenting the events and official findings without sensationalism, while acknowledging the public's fear and the ambiguity of the situation at the time. The use of terms like 'ghost rockets' and 'phantom rockets' suggests an interest in the unexplained, but the article grounds its analysis in historical context and official investigations.

This issue of "Papers d'Ovnis" (Issue 6, December 2019) delves into the phenomenon of 'phantom bombs' and flying objects reported across Europe, with a particular focus on events in Sweden and Italy during the mid-1940s. The magazine explores the initial public and military reactions, the investigations conducted, and the eventual scientific explanations.

Swedish 'Phantom Bombs'

The article begins by discussing the widespread interest in flying objects, noting that while many sightings could be explained, some remained difficult to attribute to known phenomena due to insufficient information. It highlights that collaborations with astronomers clarified that certain 'peaks' in July and August were likely caused by meteors or meteorites. Despite initial military vigilance, radar tracking proved insufficient to determine the nature of these phenomena. Investigations into alleged impact sites yielded only soot or slag-like formations, with no evidence of extraterrestrial or advanced terrestrial origins.

Approximately 100 cases involved objects resembling rockets or luminous phenomena that appeared to be guided towards lakes or aquatic areas. Extensive searches of these lakebeds by defense forces failed to find any metallic fragments or other remnants that could indicate a missile.

The contrast with wartime territorial violations and recovered wreckage is noted. In the year following the war, sporadic sightings of 'phantom rockets' occurred over Sweden, with most interpreted as meteorites or 'flying saucers,' a term influenced by the 1947 UFO wave in the United States.

"Matèria reservada" (Reserved Matter)

In 1976, American aviation and ufology historian Don Berliner uncovered documents related to these events at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. While writing an article on 'phantom rockets,' Berliner contacted the museum and obtained two documents: one from British Air Force Intelligence and another from the Swedish Defense. The British document, a five-page compilation, analyzed the Scandinavian wave with a skeptical stance and was distributed to British and American defense organizations, indicating significant interest.

The Swedish document proved more significant, detailing direct experiences from Swedish defense forces over six months. It indicated the existence of a comprehensive investigation archive. The report, drafted in December 1946 and sent to Swedish Supreme Commander Helge Jung, was translated into English in September 1947 and sent to the United States, likely connecting with 'flying saucer' investigations by the Air Materiel Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

Berliner's article was cited by Loren Gross, bringing it to the attention of Swedish investigators Anders Liljegren and Clas Svanh of the AFU, who then contacted the Swedish Ministry of Defense to study and publicize the available documentation.

The Wave Outside Sweden

While not comparable in volume to Sweden, 'phantom rockets' were occasionally sighted in the rest of Scandinavia during July and August of the Swedish wave, attracting significant press attention. Isolated observations also occurred across Europe, including Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Portugal, Switzerland, and North Africa.

Greece was particularly impacted during the first half of September, with the administration conducting an investigation led by physicist Paul Santorinis, which found no evidence of any type of weapon. In Italy, newspapers extensively covered phenomena observed in Sweden and other countries. By mid-September, reports of 'strange fireballs' and 'rocket projectiles' emerged from cities like Imola and Bologna. Throughout September and October, various Italian locations reported 'flying bombs,' 'luminous fireballs,' and 'rocket projectiles,' with one report of a 'flaming disc' in Varese. The CISU archives document around twenty such observations from 1946.

Most reports described luminous objects moving rapidly, leaving trails. While journalists initially linked them to the Swedish 'phantom rockets,' astronomers later explained them as meteorological events.

Reception in Catalonia

In Catalonia, news of flying bombs over Scandinavia arrived primarily through press releases from the Spanish agency EFE. These reports were often similar, with media outlets selecting parts of the original notes. Few articles specifically referenced these artifacts.

The information appeared in the context of the end of the war in Europe. With the Allied victory, attention shifted to Russia's armament activities. Reports of flying bombs over Sweden were framed as part of the supposed Soviet military development, treated with seriousness due to the potential danger.

La Vanguardia is cited as the most exhaustive source of news, with other media outlets also publishing the story. The first reported sighting was on July 12th. The article reproduces Catalan texts, interspersed with commentary.

News Reports and Interpretations

Several news headlines are quoted:

• "More flying bombs over Sweden from Russia."
• "It is confirmed that they are flying bombs."
• "New flying bombs over Sweden and Norway."
• "More rocket bombs have been seen over Sweden."
• "Brief News" from Washington stated that military technicians had little information but were certain the projectiles originated from Russia.

Reports continued through August, with the Swedish government communicating that unknown projectiles were crossing the country daily. Between July 9th and the current date, 300 such events were reported.

"The Mystery of the Flying Bombs Crossing Sweden"

A London report mentioned "Boomerang Bombs" crossing Sweden, estimated to have a range of 1,280 km, exceeding that of German flying bombs. The inability to determine if they were radio-controlled or had special guidance systems was noted. These 'boomerang bombs' traversed the country, moving north then south. One was believed to have fallen into a lake, but investigations were unproductive.

The climax of observations occurred over three days with at least six different entries in Catalan media. On the 14th, a report conveyed Sweden's concern, with the Army Staff spokesperson stating the public was agitated by a 'phantom bomb' psychosis. The Dagens Nyheter described the latest projectile as a giant torpedo emitting a brilliant light, moving silently at high speed.

On August 15th, La Vanguardia published two related articles. One reported a collision between a Swedish military aircraft and an unidentified rocket bomb, resulting in the death of three aviators. Swedish authorities initiated a nationwide detection program for these projectiles, and military bases and radar stations were alerted.

The newspaper Aftonbladet reported that the three aviators died when their aircraft crashed near Vaggeryd. Eyewitnesses reported that the projectiles changed direction, and one informant suggested they were radio-guided. It was also insisted that the projectiles described a wide semicircle over Sweden, with their origin believed to be beyond northern Finland, towards the Kola Peninsula.

"Also Arriving in Denmark"

Denmark also reported visits from rocket bombs. A night watchman in Stuer described a projectile moving in a zig-zag pattern, disintegrating silently, shaped like a cigar, large, and with flames at its tail. The Dagens Nyheter reported a similar observation over the island of Saltö, near Karlskrona, in southern Sweden.

The news of a military aircraft colliding with a flying bomb was confirmed, although Swedish investigations suggested otherwise. La Vanguardia added further reports under the heading "At the time of going to press. The mystery of the 'phantom bombs' extends to Finland."

"Sweden Has Made No Move Regarding the Mysterious Projectiles"

The Swedish Prime Minister announced that no official action had been taken with foreign governments regarding the passage of projectiles through Swedish airspace, as their nature and origin had not been definitively determined. Reports from southern Sweden indicated that on Tuesday night, three giant rocket projectiles passed overhead at high altitude.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently presents a detailed, investigative approach to UFO phenomena, relying on historical documents, press reports, and scientific explanations. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious inquiry, presenting evidence and analysis without sensationalism. The recurring theme is the investigation of unexplained aerial phenomena, their potential origins (military, natural, or otherwise), and the challenges in obtaining definitive conclusions. The magazine emphasizes the importance of historical research and the critical evaluation of available data, often contrasting early speculation with later scientific understanding.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Date: December 2014

This issue of Papers d'Ovnis delves into a series of reported sightings of flying bombs and unidentified aerial phenomena that occurred across Europe and North Africa in the immediate aftermath of World War II, primarily in late 1946. The articles compile news reports and eyewitness accounts, placing these events within the broader context of escalating Cold War tensions and the technological advancements of the era.

Reports from Scandinavia

The magazine details numerous incidents reported in Sweden and Finland. Observers in Finland described rocket-like objects that made no noise, shone like stars, and moved at speeds considerably higher than fighter jets. A report from Tampere mentioned a rocket bomb exploding at high altitude, creating a dense smoke cloud and a considerable luminosity. A similar event was observed in Helsinki. In Sweden, a piece of metal approximately 11 cm thick was recovered, believed to be from one of these projectiles and sent for analysis. The newspaper 'Diari de Girona' highlighted these events, referencing reports of a plane colliding with a flying bomb and an explosion in Finland. 'La Vanguardia' published articles by Augusto Assia, its London correspondent, linking these sightings to the increasing tensions between Russia and the Allies, which would lead to the Cold War. The articles discussed American and British opinions on the matter, offering a different perspective than simple news reports.

Further reports from London suggested that the projectiles seen over Sweden and Norway were possibly examples of German 'V' weapons recovered by the Russians, intended to intimidate Sweden into a favorable trade treaty. The article noted that the Nazis had been defeated, but their methods were progressing.

German Technology and Soviet Activities

An article titled "German factories are working at full capacity" reported that Russian and German technicians were manufacturing new V-weapons in former Nazi factories in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. These factories were reportedly working at maximum capacity, producing heavy armament, including rocket planes, flying bombs, submarine parts, and torpedoes. Production was said to be concentrated in at least ten factories. Despite Allied investigations being restricted, it was known that the production of improved V-weapon parts was taking place in factories like Siemens and Telefunken in Berlin. The large oil refinery in Leuna was producing special liquid fuel for rocket planes, though large-scale production was not yet confirmed. It was also suggested that the Soviets had obtained blueprints for advanced German weapons from underground factories, including those of Heinkel and Arado aircraft, and Junkers.

Swedish Requests and Official Denials

Sweden reportedly requested radar equipment from Great Britain to detect the mysterious projectiles falling on its territory. However, the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied this, stating that it had not yet been determined if the observed objects were rockets or meteorites. A spokesperson explained that investigations at impact sites had found no remains, and it was unknown if the presumed rockets were radio-controlled.

Incidents in Denmark and Greece

News of flying bombs also reached Denmark, with a report from Jutland describing a flying bomb exploding in a suburb, observed as a yellow glow, sparks, and a loud explosion. The article notes that while there were reports from Greece, no similar incidents from Italy were found in Catalan press. The geopolitical situation was different, with Italy becoming a republic after a plebiscite and Greece experiencing significant tension between monarchists and communists, leading to a civil war.

Greek Sightings and Cold War Interpretations

In Greece, sightings of phantom rockets or flying bombs were interpreted within the context of the ongoing civil war and the threat of communist invasion. The Greek Prime Minister, Tsaldaris, reported that a rocket projectile had passed over the port of Thessaloniki. Police in Athens reported a rocket-projectile crossing from north to south in Western Macedonia, and another flying south over Drama and Doxato in Eastern Macedonia. These events were seen by some as elements of hostility from the 'red enemy'.

North African and German Observations

By the second half of September, influenced by French reports, observations extended to the Maghreb. In Tangier, a phenomenon described as a fireball, similar to a Bengal flare, with a long greenish-red tail, was observed moving northeast at considerable speed. Observers noted its high altitude and rapid disappearance. Similar phenomena were reported in Portugal and Germany, where the term 'rocket' began to be used more frequently.

A British official in Herford, Germany, confirmed the sighting of a rocket-projectile over the British occupation zone, near the border with the Russian zone. The British General Headquarters in the Rhineland officially acknowledged the report. In Lisbon, credible witnesses reported mysterious lights appearing in the sky, moving rapidly south-north with a greenish trail, with the cause of the phenomenon unknown and possibly being meteorological or related to the famous rockets.

"Mysterious Meteors" and Final Explanations

Reports from North Africa described "mysterious meteors" or "mysterious projectiles" in Algeria, characterized as fireballs with trails of flames and gray light, flying at low altitudes.

Finally, the issue touches upon a statement by military, statesman, and academic Jan Smuts, who referred to flying bomb observations as a reality of the political-military landscape, reinforcing the conviction in the existence of rockets. However, a subsequent brief news item suggested that these observations were not rockets or flying bombs, but rather meteors, according to Swedish astronomers reporting to their English colleagues. Despite this, the issue concludes by noting that even weeks later, there were still claims of rockets being launched from Uskô/Ustka (Stolpmünde) towards Sweden.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the widespread sightings of unexplained aerial phenomena in the post-WWII era, the technological advancements and anxieties of the time (particularly concerning German and Soviet weaponry), and the geopolitical context of the emerging Cold War. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting these reports and exploring various explanations, from advanced weaponry to natural phenomena, while acknowledging the persistent mystery surrounding many of the sightings. The inclusion of diverse sources, from news agencies to eyewitness accounts, suggests an effort to present a comprehensive overview of the period's aerial mysteries.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue Date: December 2019
Publisher: CEI
Language: Catalan

This issue of 'Papers d'Ovnis' focuses on the phenomenon of 'Ghost Rockets' and early UFO sightings, particularly those occurring in the late 1940s. It explores the historical context, potential explanations, and media coverage of these events.

Experiments atòmics i amb «V» a Pomerània

The article begins by referencing reports from Stockholm about the Soviets establishing a large base in Stolpmunde (Pomerania) for atomic bomb experiments. German refugees in Sweden claimed that during the past summer, the Russians had fired numerous projectiles similar to German V-weapons towards the north. This information was reported by the newspaper Aftonbladet, with the news agency EFE cited.

A separate report from mid-December mentions an observation in Lisbon, which the article notes already suggests it might have been a meteor. This report is titled "Un projectil coet sobre Lisboa" (A rocket projectile over Lisbon).

Un projectil coet sobre Lisboa

This section details an incident on December 15th where a rocket projectile crossed the airspace of Lisbon, Portugal, around 6:30 PM. The object was seen in the Camp neighborhood and observed by many people who initially mistook it for a comet.

Conclusions

The 'Conclusions' section posits that today, it is known that there were no flying bombs over Scandinavia or other parts of Europe and North Africa. The majority of these observations were astronomical phenomena misinterpreted within a context of 'social psychosis.' In Catalonia, these reports were received as another element of the tensions between the USSR and the Western world. In Sweden's case, the situation was unique as the country attempted to remain neutral, potentially serving Soviet interests as it had previously served Nazi Germany.

Number of articles published in the Catalan press

A graph illustrates the number of different news items published in the Catalan press over periods in 1946. The graph shows a peak in the second half of August, with a decline towards the end of the year.

The prelude to contemporary UFO phenomena

The article suggests that the wave of contemporary UFO phenomena can be considered a prelude, as it occurred only months before Kenneth Albert Arnold's sighting of 'flying saucers' on June 24, 1947. It took another three years for these types of observations to be significantly associated with extraterrestrial civilizations. The first national reference found is from December 28, 1949, in La Vanguardia, on Innocents' Day.

"Vehicles interplanetaris"

This section discusses a hypothesis about the origin of 'flying saucers.' A report from New York, dated the 27th, cites the magazine 'True,' which states that according to 'well-informed authorities,' flying saucers, many of which were seen in Scandinavia some time ago, are interplanetary vehicles piloted by humans from a civilization more advanced than Earth's. This report is also attributed to EFE.

Notes

The 'Notes' section provides extensive references and details related to the 'Ghost Rockets' and UFO phenomena discussed in the article. Key points from the notes include:

• Note 1 & 11: References to Anders Liljegren and Clas Svahn's work on 'Project 1946: The 'Ghost rocket' documents released' and 'Ghost rockets and phantom aircraft.'
• Note 2: Confirms the last documented V-2 launch from Peenemünde was in February 1945, and Soviet forces found research facilities demolished.
• Note 3: Mentions a CEI project in 1996-1997 to create a monograph on the topic, which included correspondence with Swedish archives and the AFU, but the project was abandoned.
• Note 4 & 5: Cites academic works on Finnish-Soviet relations and an encyclopedia of extraordinary social behavior.
• Note 6: Refers to luminous morning clouds that frightened horses and dogs in Sweden, observed by meteorological observers as atypical phenomena.
• Note 10: Details a memorandum issued by the Commander-in-Chief and signed by Nils Ahlgren, head of the Air Defense department.
• Note 16: Astronomer Louis Winkler correlated sightings with the appearance of geomagnetic comets and intense solar activity, resulting in auroras and meteorites. Scandinavian newspapers reported spectacular auroras in Helsinki and Stockholm, correlating with events like the Encke comet's fragmentation and the activity of ghost rockets.
• Note 17: Radar stations of the Aviation and coastal artillery departments detected radar echoes, sometimes coinciding with luminous phenomena. The connection between radar and Swedish fighter planes was inefficient.
• Note 18: Analysis of approximately 30 fragments and other remains found no resemblance to rocket or missile debris. Instead, analyses indicated accumulations of slag, surprisingly similar, found in various locations with vegetation, suggesting they had been buried for some time, contradicting eyewitness accounts. Metallic objects found were attributed to more conventional origins.
• Note 19: A press release from the Defense Personnel agency.
• Note 20: Mentions a V-2 that crashed in southern Sweden in June 1944, with its remains analyzed by Swedish specialists who informed the Allies about German technology. These experts were part of the 1946 ghost rocket commission.
• Note 21 & 22: References to articles and books by Don Berliner and Loren Cross on the mystery of ghost rockets.
• Note 24: Lists sightings by country: Denmark (14, 15, 17, 22 August), Finland (5 August), Norway (19 July).
• Note 25: Mentions 'Ghost rockets' in Italy and refers to an article in 'Ufo. Rivista di informazione ufologica.'
• Note 26: States that some observations were collected by the Catalan press.
• Note 27: In 1967, a conference revealed findings from a 1947 investigation where it was established that the objects were not missiles, but the investigation was halted by the Army after consulting foreign officials, with foreign scientists flying to Greece to discuss the matter in secret.
• Note 28: Discusses how Italian newspapers, under Allied control post-WWII, published news with minimal lines, and reporting on Soviet military actions served as anti-communist propaganda.
• Note 30: Refers to Spanish territory and mentions that information received by Catalans was transmitted from Paris. Sociologist of science Pierre Lagrange noted that ghost rockets were taken seriously and interpreted as recovered V2s by the Soviets. Le Monde presented these observations as facts, not beliefs, foreshadowing the Cold War.
• Note 31-41: A series of newspaper headlines and citations from La Vanguardia, Diario Español, and Los Sitios de Gerona, detailing various sightings of flying bombs and rockets over Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Jutland, and Macedonia during July, August, and September 1946.
• Note 42: Sweden made no official statement regarding the mysterious projectiles.
• Note 43: A rocket bomb exploded in Finnish territory.
• Note 44: The mystery of rocket bombs crossing space, seen in Sweden and Finland.
• Note 45: Pseudonym of Felipe Fernández Armesto.
• Note 46: Article by Augusto Assia on 'Riots between the victors.'
• Note 47: German factories working at full capacity.
• Note 48: 'Swedish request.'
• Note 49: Sweden not requesting radar equipment from England; Sweden denies alleged acquisition of radar equipment; German arms production by Russians in Germany is a violation of Potsdam agreements.
• Note 50: A flying bomb explodes in Jutland; a flying bomb falls in Denmark.
• Note 51: A rocket projectile crosses the Port of Thessaloniki.
• Note 52: A flying bomb over Macedonia.
• Note 53: Flying bombs over the Aegean Sea.
• Note 54: Warns against confusing flying bombs with fairground rockets; in Zamora, nothing is known of collapses that occurred there.
• Note 55: Ramon Garriga's article 'Sweden and the Soviets.'
• Note 56: 'Fire balloons cross the sky of Tangier.'
• Note 57: 'The mystery of the rocket bombs.'
• Note 58: 'Mysterious "meteors" in North Africa.'
• Note 59: 'Mysterious "projectiles" over North Africa.'
• Note 60: 'The improbable war for at least a generation. Address by Marshal Smuts.'
• Note 61: 'They were not "rockets", they were meteorites.'
• Note 62: 'Atomic experiments and with "V" in Pomerania.'
• Note 63: 'A rocket projectile over Lisbon.'
• Note 64: The news was authentic. In December 1949, Donald Edward Keyhoe published an article titled 'The Flying Saucers Are Real True' in True, a Man's Magazine, with similar material to his book of the same title, published the following year by Gold Medal Books. The book was a huge success and popularized many typical ufology ideas that have reached our days.
• Note 65: "Vehicles interplanetarios."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around unexplained aerial phenomena, particularly the 'Ghost Rockets' of the post-WWII era, and their potential connection to military experiments, extraterrestrial activity, or misinterpretations of natural phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical historical inquiry, presenting various reports and theories while acknowledging the role of Cold War paranoia and social factors in shaping public perception. The magazine aims to document and analyze these historical events within the broader context of ufology.

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 6
Date: December 2019
Publisher: CEI
Country: Spain
Language: Catalan

This issue of "Nous Papers d'Ovnis" focuses on UFO sightings in the Montseny region of Catalonia, with the main article titled "OVNIs sobre el Montseny" (UFOs over the Montseny) by Martí Flò. The article summarizes ufological observations that occurred in the Montseny range between 1935 and 1991.

Key Articles and Content

UFOs over the Montseny

The article begins by stating that it is an adaptation of notes originally written in 2005 for the weekly newspaper "Montseny Expres," aimed at a general audience unfamiliar with ufology. It then delves into specific cases.

The Appearances at Turó de l'Home in the Thirties

This section discusses a monograph published in November 1968, titled "Jacques B. Bley," written by Ricardo Blasco Romero. The book compiles biographical notes of Jaume Bordas Bley, a man linked to the Montseny massif and specifically the observatory at Turó de l'Home. Bordas Bley was a temporary farmhand who lived at the summit of Montseny from 1936, just before the Civil War. The book includes anecdotes of a climatic and human nature, as well as supernatural events, such as ghostly apparitions at the summit. One particular account describes a night when Bordas Bley heard scratching at his window. Upon investigating, he saw no one but later heard the sounds again. He then witnessed a dense, human-like silhouette gliding horizontally over an abyss, disappearing into the night.

Another incident, occurring in broad daylight, involved Bordas Bley perceiving footsteps while on a trail. He turned and saw a young, blond individual in shorts and boots, who seemed to be following him. Bordas Bley continued his walk, and the footsteps eventually ceased. He turned again but found no one.

In 1951, while in exile at Castell de Vernet near Canigó, Bordas Bley was visited by a character with similar features who asked for bread and milk.

The First Sightings in Montseny

This section details early reported UFO incidents:

• October 3, 1955: Eight excursionists from Barcelona reported observing a strange, annular, elongated, and brilliant object hovering at a great height for three hours from the summit of Matagalls, heading northeast. They ruled out it being an airplane or meteorological balloon due to its stationary position despite strong winds.
• February 8, 1956: A news agency Cifra report, published in various media, described a luminous object crossing the sky from the Pyrenees towards Mataró. The Montseny Observatory director reported an object of large dimensions, shaped like an inverted pear, crossing the sky. It was estimated to be about three thousand meters high and emitted luminous particles. The report stated there was no scientific explanation for the phenomenon.

Sightings from Mas Cabrit

Between late October 1959 and early March 1960, a series of observations occurred in Vallès Oriental. Many people witnessed these events, but one exceptional witness was the owner of Mas Cabrit, Antoni Ribera (1920-2001). Ribera, interviewed by the Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris, documented these sightings in his book "El Gran enigma de los platillos volantes." The sightings primarily involved large "carrier ships" or "motherships," described as "silver cylinders" that shone intensely by reflecting sunlight. Ribera believed they did not emit their own light but reflected solar rays. When this reflection faded, they appeared as dull, dark objects, revealing structural details. The term "carrier ship" or "mothership" was used because the cylindrical object sometimes appeared to decompose or release smaller objects, resembling an aerial aircraft carrier.

The specific observations from this period include:

• October 24, 1959: A supply ship observed slowly moving over Vallès Oriental, seen as a silver cylinder, first horizontal and then inclined at 45°.
• December 16, 1959: A carrier ship seen towards the east at sunrise, in an inclined position.
• December 19, 1959: Two discs seen from the side, inclined, at sunset.
• January 5, 1960: Four undetermined discs, completely immobilized and inclined.
• February 15-25, 1960: A spectacular aerial ballet or parade involving three motherships and eleven discs, plus two more closer objects.
• March 2, 1960: A disc seen at sunset, descending in a dive almost directly over Montserrat.
• March 15, 1960: At sunset, two discs separated, one heading north and the other south.

The first observation on October 24, 1959, generated numerous letters to broadcasters and newspapers, and Ràdio Barcelona discussed it multiple times. While some meteorologists suggested it was a rigid, fusiform supply ship or a sounding balloon, this hypothesis did not fully explain the phenomenon. For the remaining observations, Ribera gathered testimony from others, including his family and farmhands, using landmarks for reference. Despite the social stigma associated with discussing such topics, Ribera meticulously recorded the cases and even developed a theory about the propulsion of these mysterious craft.

The 1965 Wave

This section discusses the phenomenon of UFO "waves" or "flaps," where sightings accumulate over months in a specific area, exceeding normal frequencies. The Montseny area experienced such a wave between April and October 1965, with over 15 observations recorded in the CEI archives. An earlier case occurred a few weeks before Easter in 1963, where two mechanics from Arbúcies reported a large, greenish-yellow object flying about 500 meters above them on the road to Viladrau. The object, appearing as large as three full moons, flew in an elliptical path equidistant from the ground.

The Mas Cabrit cases, though numerous, are noted for having a single primary witness. This contrasts with the 1965 wave, where multiple witnesses communicated directly with the CEI, with only a few cases published in the press, sometimes years later.

Propulsion Theories

The article touches upon theories of propulsion, referencing Captain Jean Plantier of the French Air Force, who in 1953 suggested that a force proportional to mass could be applied to atoms, orientable and modulable at will. This concept of implosion was proposed as a solution for the displacement of these supposedly extraterrestrial craft.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are historical UFO sightings in the Montseny region of Catalonia, detailed witness testimonies, and the analysis of these events by ufological organizations like the Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris (CEI). The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and documentation of unexplained aerial phenomena, presenting cases with factual details and exploring potential explanations, while acknowledging the lack of definitive scientific conclusions for many incidents. The publication highlights the importance of cataloging and comparing cases to understand broader patterns like UFO waves.

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 6
Date: December 2019
Publisher: CEI

This issue of "Nous Papers d'Ovnis" delves into various UFO phenomena and historical cases, exploring theories, specific sightings, and potential explanations.

UFO Waves and Martian Oppositions

The magazine begins by discussing the concept of UFO waves, noting their historical connection to Martian oppositions. It explains that every two years and two months, Mars approaches Earth, and ufologists initially theorized that UFOs might originate from Mars, using this proximity to travel to Earth. This hypothesis was proposed by Major Donald E. Keyhoe in 1949, and later by Óscar Rey Brea in 1954 and Eduardo Buelta in 1955. However, Eduardo Buelta later recognized the falsity of this theory when the 1961 opposition did not result in the expected wave of sightings.

Following the decoupling of UFO waves from Martian oppositions, explanations became more rational. Researchers like Ballester Olmos questioned whether UFO waves were an inherent property of the phenomenon or merely a reflection of increased reporting due to social contagion, media influence, or witness psychology, a view supported by Fèlix Ares.

The Triangular OVNI of Montseny, 1967

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to a sighting in September 1967 at Montseny, reported by the Turó de l'Home Observatory. Antoni Ribera and pastor Eugeni Danyans extensively investigated this event. The object was observed on September 26, 1967, at 4:30 PM from Font de Briancó. The witnesses included the director of the Turó de l'Home Observatory, García de Castro, his family, and a neighbor. The object was seen through binoculars and appeared as an isosceles triangle, brilliant and metallic, with a white color that darkened at the sides. It remained immobile, suggesting it was not affected by wind. Its elevation was initially around 85 degrees NE, reaching 90 degrees by the end of the observation. The estimated altitude was between 12,000 and 15,000 meters. Its speed was practically null, and no maneuvers were observed. The object was last seen at 5:45 PM, partially obscured by clouds. Its apparent size was estimated to be one-tenth of the lunar disc. No physical traces or magnetic disturbances were reported.

OVNI Sightings in 1989, 1990, and 1991: Montseny

The article then shifts to a series of sightings linked to a military tactical communications center on Puig Sesolles, which operated from 1974 until its demolition. This center's extensive light signaling is suggested as the origin of at least three sightings in 1989, 1990, and 1991.

The first incident occurred on the night of March 6-7, 1989, and received wide media coverage. A TV3 mobile unit captured images of a "static light mass of lenticular shape, approximately 20 centimeters long by 1 centimeter wide, composed of multiple brilliant blue and white luminous points with intermittent flashes." Witnesses included Barcelona and Sabadell police, airport control technicians, and anonymous citizens.

On the night of April 18-19, 1990, the Guàrdia Urbana of Barcelona alerted Sabadell about lights seen vertically above the latter city, visible from Montjuïc. These "sparkling" lights were located in the Montseny area.

In April 1991, lights were again observed in the same vertical, this time by a French citizen driving near Sant Celoni. While initial hypotheses for the 1989 sighting were varied, the 1990 and 1991 sightings were attributed by Ballester Olmos to the lighting of the military installation at Puig Sesolles.

Article from Diari de Barcelona (March 8, 1989)

A fragment from the Diari de Barcelona on March 8, 1989, reports two UFOs sighted over the Collserola mountain range near Barcelona. An agent of the municipal police first spotted luminous points, which later moved. The article notes that the lights were seen above the military installations, and a superior mirage due to thermal inversion could have reflected objects located further away.

Thermal Inversions and Mirages

The magazine includes an explanation of thermal inversions and superior mirages. A thermal inversion occurs when warmer air is trapped above cooler air, deviating atmospheric temperature behavior. This can create a superior mirage, where the image appears above the real object. The article illustrates this with a diagram showing how light rays bend, creating a virtual image. It also references Robert G. Greenler's work on atmospheric phenomena, including a photograph of an Alaskan mountain range taken from 200 kilometers away, demonstrating how light can be trapped in atmospheric layers, creating apparent proximity effects and distortions.

Unidentified Light over Castelldefels, Summer 1958

Finally, the issue features an article by Ramón Franquesa Freixas on an unidentified light sighting in Castelldefels, El Garraf, in the summer of 1958. The article includes a description of the OVNI observation and a simple graphic assembly created by the witness. Keywords include "UFO observations; 1958; Castelldefels; El Garraf; Catalonia."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around historical UFO sightings, particularly in Catalonia, and the scientific investigation of these phenomena. The magazine explores the evolution of theories, from early extraterrestrial hypotheses linked to planetary alignments to more grounded explanations involving atmospheric optics and social factors. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, presenting various cases and encouraging a rational approach to understanding UFO reports, while acknowledging the persistent mystery surrounding many unexplained observations.

This issue of *Nous Papers d'Ovnis* (Number 6, December 2019) focuses on historical and personal accounts of unusual aerial phenomena. The magazine is published by CEI and features articles in Catalan.

Article 1: L'observació (The Observation)

This personal account details a UFO sighting experienced by the author 60 years prior, which he submitted to CEI for publication in *Papers d'Ovnis*. The observation occurred on August 17, 1958, while the author was camping with two American friends, sons of VI Fleet officers, near Castelldefels. At approximately 11:30 PM, they witnessed a silent, multicolor object, described as a comet or rocket, moving at high speed over the sea towards Sitges. Using binoculars, the author observed a residual mist after the object crossed his visual field, approximately 15 km away. He calculated its speed to be about 1 Km/s, or 3600 Km/h, a speed unattainable by aircraft at that time. He is certain it was not an earthly aircraft, as he daily saw planes arriving from around the world to land at Prat airport, flying in the opposite direction of the observed object. The experience was so frightening that the friends packed up their tent and slept in the garden, much to the surprise of the author's father the next morning.

A graphic montage on page 70 illustrates this observation, noting the location as Castelldefels, the date August 17, 1958, time 23:35, direction East-West, altitude approximately 1000 meters above sea level, and duration 10-12 seconds, with a speed of approximately 3600 Km/h.

Article 2: Dos fenòmens aeris singulars a Sant Feliu de Guíxols de finals del segle XVI (Two singular aerial phenomena in Sant Feliu de Guíxols at the end of the 16th century)

This article, authored by Jordi Ardanuy from the University of Barcelona and the Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris, explores two singular aerial phenomena from the 16th century, documented in a manuscript found in the Archive of the Crown of Aragon, originating from the old monastery of Sant Feliu de Guíxols.

Resum and Abstract

The description of two singular aerial phenomena from the 16th century is based on a manuscript book preserved in the General Archive of the Crown of Aragon. The keywords include celestial phenomena, omens, UFO sightings, wonders, the years 1588 and 1589, Sant Feliu de Guíxols, Baix Empordà, and Catalonia.

Historical Context

Theologian and historian Ernest Zaragoza Pascual (1944), a native of Sant Feliu de Guixols, found two notices about singular aerial phenomena in the manuscript *Canalar con varias notas y noticias historiales* (1588-1611). An anonymous monk from that era recorded two extraordinary events in the 16th century, verified by locals and monks, which resemble modern UFO appearances.

Zaragoza Pascual notes that these testimonies demonstrate that UFO appearances are not solely a 20th-century phenomenon, but were experienced in Sant Feliu as early as the 16th century, making them some of the oldest UFO testimonies in Catalonia.

The First Prodigy (July 26, 1588)

The first event describes a ball of fire descending from the sky between Sant Pol and La Volta dels Enterrosaïs (currently La Volta de l'Ametller). It was witnessed from Fenals d'Aro and Sant Feliu on July 26, 1588. The description suggests it might have been an extremely bright meteor. The manuscript entry by Joan Bonet states: "On July 26, 1588, the day of Saint Anne, Joan Bonet, a brasser from this town, while at the house of Bas de Fenals, and others saw a large flame of fire descend from the sky towards the area of St. Pol, and many from Sant Feliu saw it fall in the Volta dels Enterrosays."

The Second Prodigy (October 9, 1589)

The second event refers to a giant serpent emitting splendors seen in the sky on the morning of October 9, 1589. The witnesses were monks returning from matins and several fishermen at sea. The description is more difficult to identify, possibly a *draco volans* (flying dragon) or an aurora, forms used in the 16th century to describe such phenomena. The text notes that while such phenomena were sometimes described as serpents or dragons, they are not common at this latitude.

The manuscript entry for this event, dated October 9, 1589, describes: "At 4 o'clock in the morning, leaving matins, 3 monks, namely: fr. Juan Gutiérrez, majordom, fr. Juan Riera, and fr. Jaume Trícs, saw a very large serpent in the sky above the town, with its head to the south and its tail to the north, and they said that from the middle downwards it was twisted like a cloud, and it emitted great splendors; many fishermen at sea also saw it. May our Lord give us good signs."

Notes and References

The article cites the manuscript *Canalar con varias notas y noticias historiales* (1588-1611) from the ACA, ORM, Monacals-Hisenda, Volúmens, 1576. It also references Ernest Zaragoza Pascual's work and other historical documents.

Article 3: Magònia als núvols de Perpinyà (Magonia in the clouds of Perpinyà)

This article, attributed to HGF, discusses a UFO incident that occurred in Perpinyà in 1954, for which little information is available. It also briefly references Jacques Vallée's book *Passport to Magonia*.

Resum and Abstract

The article deals with a UFO incident in Perpinyà in 1954 with minimal available information. A brief reference is made to Jacques Vallée's book *Passport to Magonia*. Keywords include Magonia, UFO sightings, 1954, Perpinyà, Rosselló, and Catalonia.

Discussion of *Passport to Magonia*

The author reflects on the difficulty of accessing UFO-related documents, even for those introduced to ufology in the 21st century. They recently accessed the Spanish translation of Jacques Vallée's *Passport to Magonia*, published in 1972. The book is considered by some to be a seminal work in ufology for its new interpretation of the UFO phenomenon, incorporating subjective and cultural components. While its logical and intellectual basis might be debated, its importance is acknowledged.

Magonia Legend

Magonia is described as a legendary city from medieval French folklore, inhabited by 'perfidious aerial sailors' and associated with storms. Bishop Agobard of Lyon, in 815, wrote against superstitions, including the belief in a region called Magonia where ships flying in the clouds would steal crops. Agobard argued that only God controlled the weather.

Perpinyà: September 27, 1954

While reading Antoni Ribera's version of *Passport to Magonia*, the author finds case #159 in a catalog of UFO landings (1868-1968), which they identify as the first Catalan case they have located. This case is part of the French State flap of 1954. The description is brief: "Perpinyà. A high school student saw a circular object on the ground. Two small beings emerged from it, re-entered the craft, and it ascended. The witness suffered a nervous breakdown." This incident is referenced in *France-Soir* on October 2, 1954, and Aimé Michel's book *Mystérieux Objets célestes*.

The author attempts to find more information online but is unsuccessful, not even finding the original *France Soir* article. However, they discover Patrick Gross's website, which details the case and its possible explanation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are historical UFO sightings, personal testimonies of unexplained aerial phenomena, and the exploration of folklore and legends related to such events. The magazine appears to take a serious approach to documenting and investigating these occurrences, drawing from historical archives, personal accounts, and academic research. The editorial stance seems to be one of open inquiry into the UFO phenomenon, acknowledging its presence throughout history and its potential connection to cultural beliefs and folklore.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: Number 6
Date: December 2019
Publisher: CEI
Language: Catalan

The Turó de la Peira Meteorite of 1969

This issue of Papers d'Ovnis features an in-depth article titled "El meteorit del Turó de la Peira de 1969" (The Turó de la Peira Meteorite of 1969) by Jordi Ardanuy, affiliated with the Universitat de Barcelona and the Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris.

Abstract and Keywords

The article analyzes the alleged fall of a meteorite in Turó de la Peira, Barcelona, in 1969. It examines the contemporary press coverage and the subsequent articles published over the years by José Antonio Lamich, who believed he had found evidence of extraterrestrial life in the analyzed material. The keywords for the Catalan abstract are: Meteors; meteorites; 1969; Barcelona; Barcelonès; Catalunya; José Antonio Lamich. The English abstract keywords are: Meteorites; meteoroids; 1969; Barcelona; Barcelonès; Catalonia; José Antonio Lamich.

The Discovery

The event began on the night of Wednesday, September 3rd, to Thursday, September 4th, 1969, when the mother of José Castillejos Ortiz witnessed a "relatively large ball of fire, not excessively large" falling near their home. The following day, her son, José Castillejos Ortiz (1939-2000), went to the indicated location in a depopulated area of Turó de la Peira. After searching, he found "petrous material embedded in the mountainous surface, which was still hot." He recovered a significant portion of the supposed meteorite.

Media Involvement

Castillejos Ortiz took the material to the printing company where he worked, Sociedad General de Publicaciones, located at Carrer Comte de Borrell, 243-249. This company printed the bimonthly magazine "Algo," which covered scientific, technical, and cultural news. The subdirector of "Algo" at the time was journalist Josep Maria Armengou Marsans (1934-2005), who was passionate about esoteric and parascientific topics like UFOs and parapsychology. "Algo" featured articles on these subjects, including a section on UFOs and reader correspondence.

Upon seeing the material, Armengou suggested Castillejos Ortiz take it to the magazine. The magazine's editorial team was immediately convinced of the possibility that it was a meteorite, having knowledge of others. They kept several portions, approximately 500 grams, for analysis.

The editorial team of "Algo" decided to pursue a dual course of action: informing the Europa Press news agency and proceeding with their own investigation. As a result, "the following day, Barcelona newspapers published a photo of José Castillejos Ortiz with the meteorite fragments." However, not all newspapers covered the story; "La Vanguardia" and "El Noticiero Universal" apparently did not mention it. A report from the agency was found in the "Diari de Barcelona" and "El Correo Catalán," the latter reproducing a photograph of the protagonist.

Eyewitness Account and Initial Reports

José Castillejos Ortiz, then 30 years old and a typesetter, recounted his mother's sighting: "A great radiance moved vertiginously and an object crashed to the ground, becoming embedded." He explained that he went to search for clues the day after his mother's sighting and found "pieces of a strange rock embedded in the earth," which he had to dig out and found to be hot, despite recent rain.

He showed the fragments of the presumed meteorite to a reporter from Europa Press, describing them as a "mineral of greenish color" that had increased in weight since he found it. He also mentioned seeing "white little animals" around the stone but did not pick them up. The stone was handed over to specialists for analysis of its composition and origin.

The news transcended national borders, with the newspaper "ABC" publishing the story. The article also mentions similar events in Seville on September 10th. The text is presented as having been shared in recent years via blogs, accessible through digital newspaper archives.

Media Analysis and Discrepancies

The article notes that the "Algo" magazine's editorial team attempted to have the material analyzed. A piece was sent to "competent spheres in Barcelona," another to Màrius Lleget at INTA (a Spanish public body for space and aeronautics research), and a third was personally delivered to representatives of the CEOSI (Centre d'estudis d'objectes sense identificar) at the Casa d'Almeria in Barcelona. The CEOSI had a rudimentary laboratory.

"Algo" continued to report on the matter. A subsequent press release stated that it was not a meteorite but "a simple piece of molten glass," according to a university professor's "visu" (visual) assessment. However, a clarifying note from the same professor later stated that he had only said it resembled molten glass and that analyses would determine its true nature, implying the possibility of it being a meteorite.

This clarifying note was published in "Tele eXpres" on the 11th and "Diari de Barcelona" on the 12th, with slight differences. The "Tele eXpres" report indicated that the "mysterious stones" found by a resident of Turó de la Peira did not appear to be part of a meteorite, based on the "visu" impression of Dr. Font Altaba, a professor of Crystallography and Mineralogy at the university. However, analyses were underway to determine its exact nature. Dr. Font suggested it might be residues of molten glass abandoned at the site.

Meteorite Fall and Recovery

The article then provides a general explanation of meteorites, also known as aerolites. These are natural bodies originating outside Earth's gravitational influence that survive impact with the planet's surface. Upon entering Earth's atmosphere, friction, pressure, and chemical interactions cause them to heat up and emit light, creating meteors, shooting stars, or bolides. Meteors are caused by particles ranging from the size of a small pebble to a grain of sand. Most meteorites disintegrate in the atmosphere; however, dozens, possibly up to two hundred, impact Earth annually, with about 6% being recovered over time. In Catalonia, an impact is estimated to occur every fifty years. The Meteoritical Society database lists 5 identified meteorites in Catalonia between 1704 and 1905. Recovered meteorites, following observed falls, are estimated to be one every 100 to 200 years.

Contrary to popular belief, meteorites are cold when they impact Earth, originating from space at temperatures below -250°C. Atmospheric entry heats the exterior surface, vaporizing it, but the rapid transit does not allow the interior temperature to rise significantly. Stony meteorites are poor heat conductors and fracture upon heating, exposing their cold interiors. Even relatively small metallic meteorites can break, though small iron meteorites that reach Earth tend to remain intact and retain high temperatures.

Meteorites are now highly sought after. Fifty years ago, they were primarily found in museums and were prized possessions due to their scarcity. Today, they can be acquired commercially.

Distribution of Samples for Analysis

Parallel to publicizing the news, the "Algo" magazine attempted to have the material analyzed. Samples were sent to various institutions: one to "competent spheres in Barcelona" (likely the University of Barcelona), another via Màrius Lleget to INTA, and a third was personally delivered to representatives of the CEOSI at the Casa d'Almeria in Barcelona. The CEOSI had a rudimentary laboratory.

The article notes the intense interest in space flights and unidentified flying objects (UFOs) around that time, coinciding with the first moon landing in July 1969. Dr. Hermann Oberth, considered a father of astronautics, was invited to Barcelona in November of that year. The magazine "Algo," which regularly published news on these topics, maintained fluid relations with entities involved in such subjects.

Further Media Reports and Scientific Opinions

The article continues by presenting the viewpoint from "Algo's" article. It states that a few days later, Barcelona newspapers published a note indicating that it was not a meteorite but a simple piece of molten glass, based on a visual assessment by a university professor. However, a subsequent clarifying note from the same professor stated that he had only said it resembled molten glass and that analyses would determine its true nature, suggesting the possibility of it being a meteorite.

This clarifying note was found in "Tele eXpres" (dated the 11th) and "Diari de Barcelona" (dated the 12th), with significant differences. The "Tele eXpres" report suggested that the "mysterious stones" found by a resident of Turó de la Peira did not appear to be part of a meteorite, according to the visual impression of Dr. Font Altaba, professor of Crystallography and Mineralogy at the university. However, analyses were being conducted, the results of which were unknown at the time, to determine its exact nature. Dr. Font suggested it might be residues of molten glass abandoned at the site.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue focuses on a specific event involving a potential meteorite fall, its subsequent media coverage, and the scientific and speculative interpretations that followed. The magazine "Papers d'Ovnis" appears to be dedicated to investigating and reporting on anomalous phenomena, including UFOs and related events, often drawing connections to scientific inquiry and historical accounts. The editorial stance seems to be one of thorough investigation, presenting different viewpoints and scientific analyses, while acknowledging the speculative nature of some claims, particularly regarding extraterrestrial life.

This issue of "Papers d'Ovnis" (CEI) from December 2019, Number 6, delves into a specific case involving a suspected meteorite found in Barcelona. The publication focuses on the scientific investigations, debates, and differing interpretations surrounding the object.

The Castillejos Ortiz Find and Initial Reactions

The article begins by discussing the discovery of several hot stones by Mr. Castillejos Ortiz, even after heavy rain. While Castillejos Ortiz's initial account suggested the stones were hot, implying an unusual origin, a report in "DdB" (Diario de Barcelona) presented a more definitive statement attributed to Dr. Font Altaba, a professor of Crystallography and Mineralogy at the University of Barcelona. Font Altaba, after analyzing the material, suggested the objects could be discarded fused glass, explaining their heat retention despite the rain. This version was published on the 18th, following a clarification letter from Font Altaba to the newspaper.

Font Altaba's letter clarified that a superficial examination might suggest it's not a meteorite, but definitive conclusions could only be drawn after ongoing diffractometric and spectrographic studies. He stated he had never made a definitive claim as attributed to him.

CEOSI's Intervention and Analysis

The CEOSI (Center for the Study of Anomalous Phenomena) conducted its own analysis, the findings of which were published. Their examination revealed several key points:

1. Visual Inspection: The petrous material embedded on the fragment's surface had rounded edges, considered evidence of atmospheric friction. A diagonal crack was interpreted as a result of rapid cooling.
2. Microscopic Examination (900x): Fine particles identified as pyrite were observed. The surface had a significant amount of granular spherulites. The interior was blackish, estimated to be solidified quartz from slow cooling, with white crystallized calcium particles and traces resembling molybdenite.
3. Material Composition: They detected material reminiscent of an insecticide's crystallization.
4. Rejection of Fused Glass Theory: Based on their findings, CEOSI concluded it could not be discarded fused glass. They argued that fused glass would not be so homogeneous, nor have petrous materials embedded on the surface, as the cooling process would have caused them to sink into the quartz. The spherulites would also be elongated rather than rounded.

CEOSI's report proposed that the meteorite's origin could be linked to the Perseid meteor shower, active between September 5th and 15th. The report was signed by "The Secretary" of CEOSI, later identified as José Antonio Lamich Cámara (1939-2009), a self-taught individual interested in cryptohistory and paranormal subjects. The article was accompanied by an image of the meteorite.

Second Article from Algo and University of Barcelona's Stance

A subsequent contribution to the magazine "Algo" (signed simply "CEOSI") detailed a visit to José Castillejos's home and the site of the discovery. Castillejos recounted his persistence in approaching the Geology department at the University of Barcelona for analysis. Initially, he received indeterminate explanations, but eventually, he was told to visit the department on October 7th for a detailed explanation of the analysis.

At the university, they informed him that it was indeed a meteorite, but its interior contained an unknown substance, and they lacked the adequate instrumentation to continue the analysis. This account, however, is contrasted with the CEOSI's findings and the subsequent publications.

CEOSI's Indignation and Manuel Font Altaba's Role

The members of CEOSI expressed significant indignation regarding the university's response. They found it incredible that after a person finds a meteorite and seeks scientific knowledge, the university claims a lack of necessary instrumentation and directs them to the Fabra Meteorological Observatory, which would not have the appropriate equipment for such analysis. This situation was known to Manuel Font Altaba, a prominent Catalan scientist, former acting mayor of Barcelona, and a researcher known for his ability to assemble expert teams and overcome institutional deficiencies through commercial loans or international collaborations.

The article questions whether the events were explained by José Castillejos, as per the CEOSI article, given Font Altaba's resources and expertise.

Further Analysis and Conclusions

The article avoids detailing CEOSI's chemical analysis published in "Algo." However, it notes that "Algo" considered the meteorite's petrous constitution, spongy composition, and the presence of quartz to be highly unusual, possibly unique. They suggested it might be a fragment from the mass of comet 1862III rather than a Perseid, though without strong arguments.

Third Article from Algo and Lamich's Continued Work

A third paper published the following year in "Algo," signed by J. Inglés and J. A. L. (initials of José Antonio Lamich), focused on identifying the sediments obtained from the analysis. The conclusion was that these corresponded to observations in urine sedimentation, suggesting a theoretical force of nature distributing elements throughout the universe. The article included microscopic images.

Hipergea and Lamich's Later Publications

After CEOSI dissolved, José Antonio Lamich retained the unused material. He continued writing for "Karma-7," a magazine focused on occult and paranormal topics, where he served as editorial coordinator and published the book "Las incógnitas del tercer planeta" (1975). He also published "El Triángulo de los dioses" (1976).

In his writings, Lamich discussed the Turó de la Peira case, stating that on September 4, 1969, he received a fragment that, contrary to academic opinions, appeared to be a meteorite that fell on the mountain. He noted the negative declarations from a professor of petrography but found upon examining the fragment that it was not fused glass. He dedicated himself to an exhaustive analysis.

Lamich's work eventually concluded that the object was indeed a meteorite, a claim he stated was publicly recognized by paleography professors, although the authors of "Papers d'Ovnis" could not verify this public recognition.

Lamich founded the specialized publication "Hipergea" in 1978. Throughout its existence until 1994, Lamich was the primary author, often with contributions from his wife and daughter. Articles were sometimes signed by the "Equip Hipergea" but written by Lamich. Several doctors, biologists, and chemists collaborated on analyses and experiments, forming a heterogeneous and unstable collective active between 1977 and 1992.

The Meteorite Case Fades and Lamich's Continued Interest

The meteorite topic largely faded from public attention. While CEOSI's publications in "Algo" maintained interest for a few months, it eventually waned. Lamich, however, remained fascinated, publishing seven articles on the subject in "Hipergea" between 1979 and the publication's end. He reiterated that an initial study cataloged the object as fused glass by a petrology professor, but later recognized it as a meteorite. He further described it as a "SPECIAL" meteorite, promising further details. He also mentioned that after his analyses and communication to the media, petrology professors requested samples and confirmed it was a meteorite.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue highlights the challenges in scientific identification of anomalous phenomena, the role of different scientific bodies and publications in disseminating information, and the persistence of researchers like José Antonio Lamich in pursuing their investigations. The editorial stance appears to favor presenting detailed accounts of investigations and the scientific debates surrounding them, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions while emphasizing the complexities and potential biases in reporting and analysis.

This issue of "Papers d'Ovnis" (Issue 6, December 2019) focuses on the investigation and analysis of a meteorite that fell in Barcelona, specifically in the Turó de la Peira area, in November 1969. The content details the scientific and speculative aspects surrounding this event, tracing the research and media coverage over several decades.

The Barcelona Meteorite Case

The article begins by recounting the initial handling of the meteorite fragments. Samples were taken to the University of Barcelona's Department of Petrology, where they were initially dismissed as mere pieces of slag glass. However, José Antonio Lamich was given several samples for further analysis.

After a week, Lamich's preliminary analysis revealed the meteorite contained iron, nickel, ferronickel, quartz, silicates, and tectite in significant quantities. This finding prompted the University of Barcelona to request more samples for their own examination. The department later confirmed Lamich's findings, adding that other elements were present but could not be identified.

The timeline of events surrounding the meteorite's discovery and analysis is presented with some discrepancies. While Lamich claimed to have handed over the sample to Armengou on September 4th, 1975, and the find was reported in the press on September 7th, the expert Font Altaba opined on September 11th that it was not a meteorite based on visual observation. Lamich's formal protest and proposed research plan appeared later in the "Diari de Barcelona," and his first analysis with CEOSI was not until October 1st, with the composition details emerging a month later. The article also notes an incident on October 7th involving a persistent José Castillejos at the University of Barcelona.

Lamich's assertion that the meteorite was publicly recognized by paleography professors is questioned due to date inconsistencies. The article suggests Lamich's primary interest was establishing his role in identifying it as a meteorite.

Lamich's Microspora Discovery

Lamich further detailed his research, referencing analyses from 1969 and a new one conducted on March 15th, 1979. He described a 1.5 cm diameter bubble within the meteorite fragment, located in an area with petrified quartz. He also noted other, larger bubbles. Upon applying acids, he observed a "well-defined, transparent form" that he identified as a microorganism or "microspora" already present in the meteorite before it entered Earth's atmosphere.

Over fourteen days, Lamich consulted with biologists to determine if such microorganisms or spores existed. A biologist friend expressed interest in the discovery. During the examination of a slide with maximum magnification (1,500x), the objective lens applied pressure, breaking the slide and causing the "microspora" to be lost.

Despite this setback, Lamich proceeded to analyze the remaining 15 cubic cm of the meteorite. He published a second article in March 1984, detailing new analyses from November of the previous year. He reported finding fibrous filaments of silicon dioxide, noting their novelty in meteorites. He also recalled that tectite and crystallized microspora were found in the Turó de la Peira meteorite.

Four months later, he reported the discovery of a new microspora in the meteorite, found within one of its bubbles. This led to the conclusion of a strange meteoric composition, combining carbonaceous chondrite, tectitic crystallization, and numerous pyrite and nickel microspheres, suggesting a potential extraterrestrial origin.

Figure 6 in the magazine shows a diagram of the microspora, with Catalan labels. The text explains that upon examining slides, they observed 34 parallel veins within the "organism," divided by a central vein. They ruled out the possibility of it being an Earth-based infusoria, diatom, or plankton, and even considered pollen grains, but ultimately concluded it was not of terrestrial origin.

Extraterrestrial Life Hypothesis

Lamich proposed that the meteorite contained a form of life similar to that found in the Orgulh meteorite. He noted similarities in chemical compounds between the Orgulh and Turó de la Peira meteorites, suggesting common elements defining the existence of life in other parts of outer space with similar carbon cycle principles to Earth.

However, the article casts doubt on Lamich's optimism regarding extraterrestrial life in meteorites, citing the Orgulh meteorite (1864, Occitania) as an example where claims of extraterrestrial life were speculative and published in the 1960s.

Lamich's subsequent articles continued to discuss the microspora, with one in May 1990 emphasizing it as one of the few exponents of life existing outside Earth's atmosphere. This article mistakenly stated the meteorite fell in November 1969, an error repeated in later publications.

Further articles in 1992 and 1993 presented more detailed analyses and photographs, including a table of 17 meteorites found between 1806 and 1969. Lamich insisted on the November 1969 fall date, describing his findings after examining three plates from 1986 with new microscopic equipment. He published color photocopies of these images, including Figure 8, which shows "unknown elements" in Lamich's analysis.

In a September 1995 article, Lamich reiterated his findings of unknown elements, stating they had never been observed in any other meteorite. He again placed the fall date as November 1969, despite timeline inconsistencies. The article included 34 more photographs, ten in color, concluding the series of writings. Lamich stated that the examined plates demonstrated continuous transformations within the meteorite, the importance of which he deemed self-evident, and presented a microphotographic dossier confirming his work since 1969.

Media References and Later Developments

In 1993, Sebastià Arbonès' book "Catalunya Misteriosa" featured a chapter titled "El meteorit extraterrestre" (The Extraterrestrial Meteorite), which included José Antonio Lamich's account. Lamich identified himself as an archaeologist and presented a version of events that differed slightly, suggesting the meteorite was from Halley's Comet.

According to this account, the initial assessment at the University of Barcelona was that it was molten glass. However, after Lamich's analysis, the conclusion was that it was a meteorite originating from Halley's Comet. Inside, they found ferronickel and pure nickel spherules, as well as water vapor. The interior was described as pure tectite, similar to material found on the Moon. Lamich claimed this meteorite was one of only three known "links" preserving traces of extraterrestrial life.

He further stated that these findings were similar to those in the Münchenson and Orgulh meteorites, demonstrating the existence of extraterrestrial life. The disappearance of the "Hipergea" magazine in 1993 led to the topic fading from public attention, though researchers like Manuel Carballal continued to mention Lamich's work.

A web article on "Mundo Misterioso" recalled "Hipergea's" contribution to paranormal research, including Lamich's technical reports on extraterrestrial life. It mentioned Lamich's extensive report on the 1969 Barcelona meteorite, where he claimed to have found organic elements of presumed extraterrestrial origin. He described discovering two crystallized microspores, which, after comparison with terrestrial samples, were concluded to originate from space. Lamich speculated this could be very basic extraterrestrial life.

In 1992, shortly before an interview at Lamich's home, he conducted a new analysis of the Turó de la Peira meteorite, discovering "herborescencias" (plant-like structures) never before seen in meteorites, which bore a strong resemblance to terrestrial plant structures. He also detected smooth, polished crystallizations, also previously unobserved. This supported the theory that carbonaceous chondrites contain the necessary elements for life to generate.

This information was copied to various blogs. In September 2009, the digital archive of the newspaper "ABC" became available, allowing access to the 1969 meteorite fall news. In 2014, José Antonio López Espinosa created a fictional documentary titled "Ovnis al Barri" (UFOs in the Neighborhood), inspired by the "extraterrestrial meteorite" story from Sebastià Arbonès' "Catalunya Misteriosa." The film's projection in May 2015 motivated further interest.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of anomalous phenomena, specifically meteorites, and the persistent search for evidence of extraterrestrial life. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical examination, presenting Lamich's claims and findings while also highlighting inconsistencies in dates, potential biases, and the speculative nature of some conclusions. The magazine aims to document and analyze such cases, encouraging readers to consider the evidence and the scientific process involved, even when dealing with controversial or extraordinary claims. The focus on Lamich's work suggests an interest in detailed, long-term investigations into unexplained phenomena.

This issue of "Nous Papers d'Ovnis" (Issue 6, December 2019) focuses on a detailed investigation into a purported meteorite fall in Barcelona's Turó de la Peira in 1969. The magazine explores the media's reaction, the scientific and amateur research that followed, and the lingering questions about the object's true nature.

The 1969 Meteorite Incident and Media Coverage

The article begins by detailing how the 1969 meteorite event in Barcelona resurfaced in media, including interviews on BTV and 8TV, and an article in "El Periódico de Catalunya." The event had initially been reported by various newspapers such as "Algo," "Diario de Barcelona," "El Correo Catalán," and "ABC" in September 1969. Social media also played a role, with Carme Martín Falcon sharing links to the news on Facebook.

Blogger Javier Palmero revisited the story in 2015, referencing a 1969 "ABC" article and discussing related data. The narrative highlights the initial confusion and excitement surrounding the event, with eyewitness accounts describing a bright object with intense colors.

Research and Analysis of the Object

José Antonio Lamich and his research are central to the investigation. Lamich analyzed fragments and suggested the presence of a radiated microorganism, which led to further debate. The article notes that Lamich's father reportedly found the material, and it was initially warm, a detail later used to support its meteorite status, though the author points out that most meteorites are not significantly warmer than ambient temperature, especially hours after impact.

José Antonio López Espinosa, a figure interviewed on BTV, produced a short film titled "50 anys després" (50 years later) to commemorate the event. The article also mentions Guillem Ferrer Cámara, a relative of José Antonio Lamich, who claimed to possess a piece of the meteorite, providing photographs that were used in media reports.

Scientific and Skeptical Perspectives

The article presents a critical view of some claims. It questions the designation of the founder of the group Hipergea as a "doctor in archaeology" when he lacked university qualifications. It also discusses the analysis of fragments by Font Altaba, a mineralogy specialist, and the possibility that the object might not have been a meteorite at all, but rather an artificial alloy, with some suggesting extraterrestrial origins.

The text contrasts the initial excitement with later scientific scrutiny. It mentions that while the probability of witnessing a meteorite fall is low, the rarity makes them valuable. The author suggests that the initial observation by José Castillejos's mother was likely of a meteor or bolide, and the son's subsequent findings, while intriguing, were subject to interpretation.

Related Organizations and Projects

The issue references several organizations involved in UFO and scientific research. CEOSI (Centro de Estudios de Objetos Solares e Interplanetarios) is mentioned for its "MAPA MUNDIAL" project, which aimed to map research centers and UFO sightings globally. The group Hipergea is also frequently cited for its publications and research on the meteorite and other phenomena.

Broader Context and Conclusions

The article concludes by emphasizing that while some samples of the object remain, their confirmation as meteorites depends on professional analysis. It touches upon the broader implications of such events for understanding the Earth's history and the possibility of extraterrestrial life, while maintaining a grounded, investigative approach. The author posits that the initial event was likely a meteor or bolide, and the subsequent findings, while interesting, were subject to interpretation and potential misidentification.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the investigation of anomalous phenomena, the role of media in shaping public perception, the process of scientific inquiry versus speculative theories, and the historical context of UFO research in Spain. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical investigation, presenting evidence and different viewpoints while maintaining a degree of skepticism towards extraordinary claims, particularly concerning extraterrestrial origins, and focusing on rigorous analysis of available data.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 6
Date: December 2019
Publisher: CEI
Language: Catalan

Article Summaries

UFO Sightings in Catalonia (2019)

This article, authored by Jordi Ardanuy, summarizes the basic information of 6 UFO cases collected by CEI in Catalonia in 2019, noting this as the lowest figure ever recorded. The majority of these observations have simple explanations. Daytime environments predominated, and in 5 cases, some form of image was captured. Additionally, 5 sightings occurred on weekends or holiday eves.

The year 2019 saw the fewest cases collected in the decade, representing the lowest number of observations nationally since record-keeping began. The total of 6 cases does not allow for robust statistical analysis. The article includes a graph showing the annual distribution of cases between 2011 and 2019, with 2019 at a low of 6 cases, compared to a peak of 25 in 2018. The average for the period is also shown.

One notable case mentioned is the superbolide sighting on August 17th, which some people initially believed to be a UFO due to rapid social media transmission. Of the other five observations, three are attributed to possible balloon types, with reservations for at least one situation given the observer's experience. Another incident was likely caused by birds, and the last by an astronomical object.

Regarding daily distribution, 3 observations occurred on Sundays, one on Saturday, and two on Tuesdays, meaning 4 cases happened on weekends when people have more leisure time. Of the 6 observations, 4 were during the day and 2 at night. Half of the observations occurred in February, with only one incident recorded in August (the aforementioned superbolide).

Geographically, observations were concentrated in the Barcelonès region. In terms of image capture, videos exist for 4 cases, and at least one photograph was taken of the superbolide.

An Unidentified Object over Perpinyà Happens to be an Airbus A350

This section details UFO case number 66, which involved an observation in Perpinyà on October 25th. The witness, a man named Éric, was driving on the D916 road when he stopped to observe what he initially thought was a Beluga (Airbus A300-600ST) at high altitude over Perpignan Airport. He described the shape as 'panxuda' (bulging). He took a smartphone photo, but it only shows two bodies and does not clearly identify the object. The object reportedly disappeared suddenly or turned, making it seem that way. The observation lasted about 5 minutes, and the object was moving from east to west at a high apparent altitude without leaving any trace.

Later analysis, thanks to photographs that allowed precise location determination and a precise time, enabled Pascal Guillaumes to identify the object using Planefinder, an aviation traffic tracking tool. The object was identified as an Airbus A350 moving approximately 20 kilometers from the observer, with the callsign AIB05NL. Figure 1 shows the photographed object, barely visible between two cables, and Figure 2 illustrates the trajectory of the aircraft.

Strange Lights in the Norwegian Sky Was the Result of a NASA Study

This article discusses strange lights observed over Norway on April 5th, which were published on social media with various images, sparking speculation about extraterrestrial origins. However, the lights were actually created by NASA as part of the AZURE (Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment) mission. The experiment aimed to measure atmospheric density and temperature using instruments on rockets and visible gas tracers like trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and a mixture of barium/strontium, which ionize when exposed to sunlight.

The vapors were released over the Norwegian Sea at altitudes of 114 and 241 kilometers. These mixtures, similar to those used in fireworks, created colored clouds that allowed researchers to track the movement of neutral and charged particles. By tracking these clouds through ground photographs and triangulation, AZURE provided valuable data on vertical and horizontal particle flow in key regions of the ionosphere at different altitudes. The clouds, dispersing rapidly in the thin upper atmosphere, followed winds that could move them hundreds of kilometers per hour. Researchers from the United States, Norway, Japan, and Canada collaborated on this project to understand the heating and precipitation processes of charged particles in this region, which has easy access to solar wind.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently focuses on UFO sightings and related phenomena, with a strong emphasis on investigation and rational explanation. The articles present detailed case studies, often including witness testimonies, photographic evidence, and expert analysis to identify or explain the observed events. There is a clear stance towards debunking sensationalism while acknowledging unexplained phenomena. The publication also covers historical cases and scientific studies related to atmospheric phenomena and aviation, demonstrating a broad interest in anomalies and their potential explanations. The use of Catalan language and references to local events in Catalonia and nearby regions indicate a focus on a specific geographical and cultural audience.

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: No. 6
Date: December 2019
Publisher: CEI

This issue of Nous Papers d'Ovnis, a publication focused on UFO phenomena, presents a selection of articles from the CEI Bloc, covering a range of historical and contemporary UFO sightings and related discussions.

The UFO Sighting by Carballal and Sierra in Montserrat in 1987, a Very Bright Bolide?

This article delves into the famous UFO sighting in Montserrat involving Spanish writers Manuel Carballal and Javier Sierra. Carballal recounted his experience in a letter to the editor of *La Vanguardia* in 1988, describing an "absolutely impressive" event on the night of July 23-24, 1987. Initially, Carballal, accompanied by ufologist Javier Serra, went to Montserrat with the intention of debunking the claims of a contactee named L. J. Grifol. He described his skepticism and desire to expose Grifol's alleged fraud. However, his equipment, including a recorder and three cameras, malfunctioned. Carballal then described witnessing a powerful, multi-colored light of immense size, far superior to the full moon, emerge and "fly over" them in complete silence.

More recently, an article by Álvaro Alonso in *El Ojo Crítico*, a magazine edited by Carballal himself, proposed a natural explanation for the event. Alonso suggested that the sighting might have been a brilliant bolide or fireball, a well-known natural phenomenon. He posits that the witnesses, including a contactee and two young companions, were in a state of heightened excitement after observing several meteors on a dark night, potentially leading to misinterpretation. Alonso's conclusion is significant as it offers an explanation without resorting to paranormal or spiritual paradigms, although he acknowledges that the true nature of the sighting cannot be definitively proven.

The article emphasizes that it is possible to find explanations for such cases that do not require magical or paranormal frameworks, even if the ultimate origin remains unprovable. It argues against founding the existence of paranormal realities solely on cases that may have alternative interpretations.

US Navy Confirms Existence of Unidentified Flying Objects Seen in Videos

This section reports on the US Navy's acknowledgment of the reality of UFOs captured on video by its pilots in 2004. The videos, which were made public by *The New York Times*, show objects moving at hypersonic speeds and performing maneuvers that appear impossible in the air. Following the declassification of an internal analysis report, the US acknowledged that these are real images for which no plausible explanation has been found. Navy experts have ruled out drones and conventional aircraft, and officially classify these as "unidentified aerial phenomena." The report also notes that the sensors on the F-18s used to record the images were unable to focus on the objects, suggesting they might not have been solid or could have been absorbing energy.

Historical Cases

Fenomen singular (Singular Phenomenon) - 150 Years Ago

This article recounts a singular phenomenon that occurred at midday on a Saturday near Adamstown, Pennsylvania, in August 1869. Four or five witnesses observed a luminous object, described as square-shaped and about two to four feet in size, hovering over an open field. The object shone like polished silver and gradually disappeared within ten minutes. The witnesses were unable to identify its nature, and it inspired more terror than admiration. No trace of the object was found at the site. The report notes that similar objects had been seen at night in the vicinity, but never so brightly during the day. The article references *The Lancaster Express* and *The Oxford Press*.

Dubuque Sees the Balloon - 140 Years Ago

This piece reports on a sighting in Dubuque, Iowa, on October 10, 1879. Thomas Boyd, a typesetter for *Thel Times*, observed a balloon-like object for over an hour. He described it as very high, with a visible cabin but no occupants. The object was seen moving slowly, ascending and descending. Numerous other people also claimed to have seen the aerial craft. The report cites *The Des Moines Register*.

The Aerial Mystery of Townships - 110 Years Ago

This section discusses an editorial from *The Montreal Standard* concerning a "flying machine mystery" in the Eastern Townships of Quebec. The editorial describes a mysterious object seen in the sky, capable of rapid movement and sustained hovering. Descriptions varied slightly but agreed on its essential characteristics. The object was reported to be oblong, with two lights, and a dark object (possibly a person) and a long pole with a flag. The origin and nationality of the object, if it were a flag, were undetermined. The article mentions that the object was later seen in Magog and discusses the widespread discussion it generated. It references the *Sherbrooke Daily Record*.

"Ovni" (UFO) - 50 Years Ago

This short report from Tarragona, Spain, dated May 15, 1969, describes a "UFO" observed over Constantí for three minutes. The object reportedly emitted strong sparks and had a bright yellow light at its center. The sighting occurred at midday and was witnessed by several people at the Reus aerodrome as a "Boeing 627" aircraft was about to take off. The altitude of the object was not confirmed. The report cites *Diario de Lérida*.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the investigation of UFO sightings, the presentation of historical cases, and the exploration of potential explanations, ranging from natural phenomena to unexplained aerial objects. The editorial stance appears to favor a rational and evidence-based approach, as seen in the discussion of Álvaro Alonso's natural explanation for the Montserrat sighting and the critical analysis of how UFO cases can be interpreted. The magazine aims to document and analyze these phenomena, encouraging critical thinking rather than blind acceptance of paranormal explanations.

This issue of "Nous Papers d'Ovnis" (Issue 6, December 2019) focuses on historical UFO cases, specifically revisiting two significant incidents from 1979 and 1989, along with other sightings in the Soviet Union.

Article 1: Plane Lands Due to Three UFOs (Fa 40 anys)

This section, marked as "40 years ago," details an incident that occurred on November 13, 1979. A flight operated by the Spanish airline TAE (Transports Aeris Espanyols) from Malaga to Palma was intercepted by three unidentified flying objects (UFOs) that emitted lights of various colors and were arranged in a triangle formation. The pilot reported that all onboard indication systems failed, prompting him to send an SOS. This triggered an alarm at Valencia Airport, where the plane requested permission to land. Military aircraft from the Los Llanos air base in Albacete were scrambled to intercept the UFOs, but they disappeared. Meanwhile, from the control tower of Barcelona Airport, similar stationary lights were observed in the sky, though radar instruments did not detect them. The TAE aircraft was detained at Valencia Airport for investigation.

The source for this report is cited as "Aterriza un avión por tres ovnis" from El Periódico de Catalunya, dated November 13, 1979, page 17.

Article 2: Soviet Scientists Confirm UFO Landing 500 Kilometers from Moscow (Fa 30 anys)

This section, marked as "30 years ago," reports on an event that occurred in Voronez, a Soviet city approximately 500 kilometers south of Moscow. According to the Soviet press, citing testimonies, extraterrestrials of three meters in height were seen. Scientists from the Geophysics Laboratory in Voronez confirmed the recent landing of an unidentified flying object (UFO) in the area and the discovery of "alien footprints." The Soviet agency TASS reported that eyewitnesses saw a large, bright ball or disc hovering over a park. After landing, a hatch opened, and two or three human-like creatures and a small robot emerged. Scientists detected the alleged extraterrestrials' footprints, the circle where the craft landed, and a red stone whose components are not found on Earth. The Soviet Ministry of the Interior expressed skepticism, while the Ministry of Defense declined to comment.

Eyewitnesses, including children playing in the park, described the arrival of the extraterrestrial craft on September 27th at around 6:30 PM. The newspaper "Sovetskaya kultura" reported that a pinkish light in the sky transformed into a dark red, approximately 10-meter-diameter globe. After circling the park, the craft hovered, and a hatch opened, revealing a creature about three meters tall with three eyes, wearing a silver jumpsuit and bronze boots, with a disc on its chest. The creature then closed the hatch, and the craft landed smoothly. After landing, a robot and the extraterrestrial emerged; the latter emitted a sound and drew a luminous triangle on the ground, about 30 by 50 centimeters, which quickly disappeared.

TASS provided a similar account, but mentioned at least three landings between September 23rd and 27th, and three extraterrestrials. According to TASS, witnesses described the visitors as three to four meters tall with very small heads. The Soviet media reported that the extraterrestrials also made a brief tour of the park before departing.

"Sovetskaya kultura" also reported that one of the "visitors" pointed a weapon, described as a half-meter-long tube, at a 16-year-old boy, making him disappear momentarily, adding that the events were difficult to believe or explain.

Scientists in Voronez corroborated these accounts. Genrij Silanov, head of the geophysical laboratory, stated that a team had identified the precise landing site, noting a circle about twenty centimeters in diameter observed in the park. The scientists also claimed to have detected the aliens' footprints using a biolocation method, which matched witness testimonies. The unique red stone found in the park was also analyzed.

Despite the scientific findings, official Soviet authorities did not comment. A Ministry of Defense spokesperson stated that unidentified flying object landings were not their responsibility, and an Interior Ministry inspector remained skeptical.

The article notes that UFOs had been sighted previously in other parts of the USSR. The progressive magazine "Sputnik" had published photos of unidentified objects in Tajikistan and a photo of a red globe flying over the domes of St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square in Moscow, with a caption stating that six UFOs flew over the Kremlin on July 31, 1982.

The source for this report is cited as "Científics soviètics confirmen l'aterratge d'un OVNI a 500 quilòmetres de Moscou" from El Punt, dated October 11, 1989, page 55.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine "Nous Papers d'Ovnis" consistently reports on UFO sightings and alleged extraterrestrial encounters, presenting detailed accounts from various sources, including news media and scientific investigations. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting and presenting these phenomena, often highlighting the unusual aspects and the challenges in explaining them, while also noting official skepticism or lack of comment from authorities. The use of "Fa 40 anys" and "Fa 30 anys" indicates a focus on historical cases and their relevance today.