Nous Papers 1

Magazine Overview

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: Número 1
Date: Desembre de 2014 (December 2014)
Publisher: Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris (CEI)
Country: Spain
Language: Catalan
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This is the inaugural issue of "Nous Papers d'Ovnis," a magazine dedicated to strange phenomena and unidentified objects, published by the Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris (CEI). The magazine aims to publish articles, observations, studies, and analyses related to these topics, covering their history, documentation, and scientific or philosophical implications. The publication explicitly states that the views expressed are solely those of the authors and that it is a non-commercial endeavor. The copyright of the articles belongs to the authors unless otherwise indicated.

Table of Contents

The issue features a variety of articles and sections:

Articles:

• La curiosa història de Xavier C. (The Curious Story of Xavier C.) by Jordi Ardanuy (Page 5) This article details the case of Xavier Clarés, who in 1985 went to photograph a dolmen near Barcelona and experienced a period of missing time. Upon processing his photos, he found images of clawed hands and monstrous faces. Under hypnosis, he recounted an abduction episode involving medical examination by strange creatures who allegedly created a 'double' of him. The article notes that the case is considered a hoax but was not sufficiently documented.
• L'albirament del capità August Leverger (The Sighting of Captain August Leverger) by Edison Boaventura jr (Page 33)
• Josep Baltà Elias, un físic en terra d'ovnis (Josep Baltà Elias, a physicist in UFO land) by Jordi Ardanuy (Page 39)
• Un enigma d'avui: els OVNI o platets voladors (A modern enigma: UFOs or flying saucers) by Josep Baltà Elias (Page 43)
• Una notícia a la premsa espanyola sobre una aeronau a Granada l'any 1916 (A Spanish press news item about an aircraft in Granada in 1916) by Gerard Casademon (Page 65) This article discusses a historical report from the Spanish press about an aircraft sighted in Granada in 1916.

CEI Section:

• El tresor millor guardat: els darrers anys del CEI (The best-kept treasure: the last years of CEI) by Martí Flò (Page 68) This piece likely reflects on the recent history and achievements of the Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris.

Blog del CEI:

• Un ovni pertorba el transit aeri de l'aeroport de Bremen (A UFO disrupts air traffic at Bremen airport) (Page 81)
• Un globus captiu a la Diagonal de Barcelona disparà les especulacions (A captive balloon on Diagonal, Barcelona, sparked speculation) (Page 83)

Hemeroteca (Archive):

This section revisits past reports from different decades:

• Fa 100 anys. Fantasma d'avió destruït a Europa? (100 years ago. Destroyed phantom aircraft in Europe?) (Page 85)
• Fa 90 anys. Muntanya lluminosa (90 years ago. Luminous mountain) (Page 87)
• Fa 60 anys. Un platet volador? (60 years ago. A flying saucer?) (Page 88)
• Fa 50 anys. Llums estranyes (50 years ago. Strange lights) (Page 89)
• Fa 40 anys. Arriben els ovnis a Catalunya (40 years ago. UFOs arrive in Catalonia) (Page 91)
• Fa 30 anys. Onada d'OVNIS al sud de la península (30 years ago. Wave of UFOs in the southern peninsula) (Page 92)
• Fa 10 anys (10 years ago) (Page 93)

Detailed Article: La curiosa història de Xavier C.

This article, authored by Jordi Ardanuy, delves into the 1985 case of Xavier Clarés. Clarés, then 23, traveled to photograph a dolmen 25 km from Barcelona. He returned home over 24 hours later with no memory of the intervening time. Upon developing his film, he discovered blurry images of clawed hands and monstrous, helmeted faces. Under hypnosis, he described an abduction experience involving a medical examination by strange creatures who allegedly created an exact 'double' of him. The article points out that the case is considered a hoax but lacks thorough documentation. It also references Antoni Ribera's publications on the case in "Flying Saucer Review" (1986a; 1986b) and "Cuadernos de Ufología" (1987), noting that the full name of the abductee, Xavier Clarés Jerez, appeared in the original FSR article but was later omitted in a subsequent publication. The author suggests that the omission of the surname in most Catalan and Spanish references might be due to linguistic barriers and the cautious approach of some investigators.

The narrative, as recounted by Ribera, details Xavier's departure on Sunday, July 21, 1985, at 8:00 AM, to photograph in Vallgorguina. He used an Olympus OMB camera with Kodak Ektachrome film and a self-made box camera. He estimated spending 1.5 to 2 hours there before returning home under a clear sky. Upon arrival, he was surprised to find his car's odometer showing 300 kilometers instead of the expected 50, and his fuel tank nearly empty despite being full when he left. His Renault 5 was also covered in a viscous substance and mud, though the ground was dry due to a prolonged drought.

Further confusion arose when his wife and brother greeted him with relief, revealing it was not Sunday morning but Monday evening at 6:00 PM. They had been searching for him in police stations and hospitals, fearing a traffic accident. Xavier was bewildered, as he had only been gone for a few hours. Reviewing his camera equipment, he noticed that the frame counter indicated multiple images had been taken, which he did not remember.

Upon processing the slides, he was shocked to see images of green, demonic faces. He contacted Carole Ramis, a known figure in paranormal phenomena and a former CEI associate. The article also briefly mentions José María's prior experience photographing a phantom form and attending a conference with Carole. Xavier had also reported nocturnal experiences of small, "classic" humanoids with large heads and agile bodies, who showed him pyramids and other things, and whom he perceived as benevolent.

Other Sections

The "Blog del CEI" section includes brief reports on a UFO incident at Bremen airport and speculation surrounding a captive balloon in Barcelona. The "Hemeroteca" provides a historical perspective by revisiting UFO reports from the past century, covering topics like phantom aircraft, luminous mountains, flying saucers, strange lights, and UFO waves in Spain.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine's primary focus is on UFOs and unexplained phenomena, with a strong emphasis on case studies, historical investigations, and analysis. The editorial stance, as indicated by the "CEI" section and the nature of the articles, is one of serious inquiry into these subjects. The publication explicitly distances itself from commercial interests and emphasizes the authors' individual viewpoints. The inclusion of a historical archive ('Hemeroteca') suggests a commitment to exploring the evolution of UFO phenomena and reporting over time. The case of Xavier Clarés, presented as a hoax but lacking full documentation, highlights the magazine's approach to examining even controversial or questionable cases within the field of ufology.

This issue of "Papers d'Ovnis" (Issue 9, December 2014) focuses on a detailed case study involving a person named Xavier, who underwent multiple hypnotic regression sessions. The magazine, published by CEI, presents the transcriptions and analysis of these sessions, exploring themes of abduction, alien encounters, and potential cloning.

The Case of Xavier

The article begins by detailing the initial stages of the case, where Xavier's experiences, initially perceived as dreams, were taken seriously by Carole Ramis. She proposed hypnotic regression to help Xavier recover memories of a "lost" 34-hour period. Francisco de Assís Rovatti Heredia, an experienced hypnotist, was brought in. The case was later passed to Ribera.

The Car Incident

A peculiar incident occurred in September 1985 when Xavier and his brother, José María, were on their way to meet Ribera. Their car broke down inexplicably near Montcada. Despite a mechanic finding no fault, the car wouldn't start. It miraculously started when José María sat in it, and later worked perfectly when Xavier met Ribera. This incident is presented as a strange prelude to the main events.

Hypnotic Regression Sessions

The core of the article consists of the transcribed hypnotic regression sessions. During these sessions, Xavier recounts experiences that are disturbing and frightening.

#### The Cave Encounter

Xavier describes being in a dark, unpleasant cave, feeling a strange liquid falling on him, and being unable to return to his car because the doors were locked and keys missing. He describes the liquid as viscous and not water. He feels he is falling down a slope and is unable to move his legs.

He sees entities that are not like those he usually encounters. These beings are described as having horrible faces and a sticky, unpleasant touch. They attempt to inject or extract something from his arm, which he resists, stating he needs to return to Barcelona for urgent work. He expresses fear and disgust, noting the entities' appearance and the foul smell in the cave.

#### The Cloning Scenario

Later in the regression, Xavier describes the entities wanting to "change him" or "clone" him. They are taking photos of him with a "snapshot camera" and his "modern camera," which he fears they will damage. He believes they want to create another being identical to him. He also mentions that his hair is being cut, which he interprets as an attempt to copy him. He expresses a strong desire to resist and not be cloned, stating he has more willpower than them.

Analysis and Interpretation

Ribera, in his article, emphasizes that the case is "still green" and requires more hypnotic sessions to fully understand the 34 lost hours and the additional 250 kilometers recorded on the odometer. He notes Xavier's description of a "double" or "inverted clone" of himself. Ribera explains his preference for the term "jinns" over "extraterrestrials" because Xavier's account did not mention a spacecraft, but rather a cave. He also recounts an experiment with a radiesthesist, Juanjo Banchs, who, using a pendulum, identified the entities as "elemental" and "elemental Satanic" rather than "extraterrestrial" or "fraud."

Both Ribera, Carole Ramis, and Rovatti considered Xavier and his brother to be honest, making deception unlikely. Rovatti also maintained that faking the fear Xavier displayed under hypnosis was impossible.

Key Details from Regression:

• Location: A dark, foul-smelling cave.
• Entities: Described as "elemental," "jinns," "trolls," "grimy gray," "wrinkled," "viscous," and having "horrible faces."
• Actions: Attempted injection/extraction, taking photos, cutting hair, desire to clone.
• Xavier's State: Fear, disgust, resistance, feeling of being forced, desire to escape.
• Car Trouble: An unexplained car breakdown preceding the main events.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine "Papers d'Ovnis" consistently explores unexplained phenomena, with a particular focus on abduction cases and the psychological and physical experiences of witnesses. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation into these claims, presenting detailed accounts and expert analysis, while acknowledging the need for further research. The use of hypnotic regression as a tool for uncovering suppressed memories is a central theme, alongside the exploration of various classifications for non-human entities beyond the standard "extraterrestrial" model.

The case of Xavier highlights the complexities of abduction narratives, including elements of physical examination, psychological manipulation, and the unsettling possibility of duplication or cloning. The magazine aims to provide a platform for such detailed case studies within the ufological community.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 1
Date: December 2014
Publisher: CEI
Country: Spain
Language: Catalan

This issue of "Papers d'Ovnis" focuses on the intriguing case of Xavier C., an individual who reported an alien abduction and the subsequent appearance of a 'double' or clone of himself. The magazine delves into the investigation, interviews, and analysis surrounding this case, presenting various perspectives and evidence.

The 'Double' Phenomenon

The central theme revolves around Xavier C.'s experience, particularly his description of a 'double' that resembled him exactly, even in clothing. This phenomenon is explored through transcripts of interviews and hypnosis sessions, where Xavier expresses confusion and distress about this duplicate. The concept of 'cloning' is discussed, referencing the then-recent cloning of Dolly the sheep, though Ribera suggests 'reproduction' might be a more accurate term for what Xavier described.

Hair Cutting and Physical Marks

Following his alleged abduction, Xavier's hair was cut so poorly that he had to visit a barber. He also bore three puncture marks in a triangular shape on his left arm, which were allegedly inflicted by the 'aliens'. These marks are presented as physical evidence of the encounter.

Sightings of the 'Double'

The 'double' was reportedly seen on multiple occasions after Xavier's return. One instance occurred on the street, where a neighbor asked Xavier what he was doing wandering around his building, implying he had seen him elsewhere. Another sighting placed the 'double' at a bus stop on Passeig de Colom, wearing the same Hawaiian shirt Xavier had worn on July 21st, the date of his abduction.

Location Speculation and Rituals

Initial accounts placed the events in Vallgorguina, near a dolmen. However, later considerations, possibly influenced by Carole Ramis, suggested that Vallgorguina might not have been the actual location. Speculation arose that the site might be linked to neopagan rituals, and potential locations like a dolmen in Palafrugell or Tremp were considered. The presence of a kilometer-long cavity under the Turó del Gentils, where the dolmen is located, was also noted, along with theories of a tunnel connecting it to an abandoned temple.

Photographic Evidence and Artistic Representations

The issue includes several images related to the case. Image 1 is described as a photograph of one of the aliens, allegedly taken with an Olympus camera. Image 2 is a photograph of a supposed alien's head, and Image 3 is a sketch by Xavier C. corresponding to this head. Images 4 and 5 are photographs of 'hands' with claws, and Image 6 is a diagram of a device Xavier C. claimed aliens used to extract blood.

Ribera noted that the original photographic plates were very dark, leading to the creation of various copies with progressively reduced contrast. The article also mentions that the photos were shown on Spanish television programs like 'Plató Vacío' and 'Angel Casas Show', which attracted public interest.

Psychological Evaluation

Dr. Maria Blanch, a psychologist, conducted a psychometric evaluation of Xavier C. The consultation aimed to assess his intellectual capacity and rule out personality disorders. The materials used included the Raven test, Bender test, T.A.T., and M.M.P.I.

Test Results and Conclusions

Xavier C. demonstrated a collaborative and interested attitude during the tests. He worked reflectively, concentratedly, and rapidly. On the Raven test, he scored at the 75th percentile (Rang II), indicating an intellectual capacity above the population average. The Bender test revealed good perceptual organization, with no signs of neurological or psychopathological deficits. His personality was characterized by good adaptation to family and social environments, ease in relating to others, and a tendency towards introspection. No obsessive, depressive, schizophrenic, or paranoid traits were found.

The conclusions stated that Xavier C. was a 24-year-old with above-average intellectual capacity and a personality structure within normal limits.

Further Investigations and Footprints

An article by Gordon Creighton, based on notes from Ribera, discussed a cavity detected under the Turó del Gentils and linguistic speculations about the terms 'gentils' and 'Vallgorguina'.

In December 1989, investigator Pedro P. Canto visited the dolmen area with companions and found 16 'hominid' footprints in the mud. These footprints were described as bare, with four toes and a heel, measuring less than 10 centimeters. The original photographs of these prints were reportedly blurred.

Similar footprints were reportedly found and photographed by Alejandro Chionetti in November 1990.

Skepticism and Case Resolution

Despite the evidence presented, many investigators found it difficult to contact Xavier Clarés directly due to his anonymity. Vicente Juan Ballester evaluated the case as potentially fraudulent or a psychosis. However, an exception was M. M. S., who eventually made contact with Xavier's family after the death of his sister-in-law, Rosa Martí Suàrez, in May 1993. This contact reportedly led to an explicit confirmation that the entire story was fictional, although no public confession was made.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores UFO phenomena, alien encounters, and abduction cases. The editorial stance appears to be one of open investigation, presenting evidence and analysis from various sources, while also acknowledging skeptical viewpoints and potential explanations, including the possibility of fabricated accounts. The case of Xavier C. serves as a detailed case study within this broader ufological context, highlighting the complexities of evidence, witness testimony, and psychological interpretation in such investigations.

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Date: December 2014
Publisher: CEI

This issue of Nous Papers d'Ovnis features two primary articles, one delving into a controversial abduction case and the other detailing a significant historical UFO sighting.

Article 1: The Xavier Clarés Case

The first part of the magazine discusses the case of Xavier Clarés, an individual who claimed to be abducted. The interest in this case has been recently renewed by Juan Carlos Moreno's article in *El Ojo Crítico*, which summarized the main aspects and provided the protagonist's full name, aiding its spread online. The article also supplied a copy of Dr. Maria Blanch's report. Moreno questions the veracity of the account, posing the question 'Why?'. Xavier is now a plastic artist of considerable prestige. He and his brother knew Carole, who was easily impressed, making her an ideal person to narrate a fabulous story and access other specialists like Rovatti or Ribera. The article suggests that these specialists were deceived, and Xavier had no problem faking the experience, including the fear.

An image is included, labeled 'Image 7. Photograph of Xavier Clarés, as published in El Ojo Crítico (Juankar Moreno, 2013)'.

Notes accompanying the article:
1. One document was written in the autumn of 1985, and another as an annex in January 1986.
2. Some investigators are fully aware of Xavier's identity and were very interested in the case.
3. *Milenio 3*, a program broadcast on September 11, 2011, featured the author of this article.
4. A color slide transparency was preferred over Kodachrome on many occasions due to easier processing.
5. Ribera notes that according to the Spanish theosophist Mario Roso de Luna (1872-1931), dolmens, menhirs, and other ruins considered Druidic were gateways to the world of the jinn. He recalls that the alleged events took place around the dolmen of Pedra Gentil.
6. This Catalan version is based on the Spanish version published in *CdU* (Ribera 1987), but has been cross-referenced with the English version from *FSR* (Ribera 1986a).
7. Ribera pointed out that this 'fog' is a common characteristic in UFO abduction cases, citing the Aveley case in 1974 in England and numerous teleportation cases. Curiously, the note in the *CdU* article is also in English instead of being updated to Spanish. This latter version had been adapted from the first.
8. In a previous interview, Clarés told Antoni Ribera that the smell resembled a mixture of rotten eggs (hydrogen sulfide) and coke.
9. Ribera adds an interpolation suggesting a comparison with the Pascagoula and Zanfretti cases. The former refers to the alleged abduction of Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker on October 11, 1973, near the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. The creatures were described as humanoids about one and a half meters tall, with gray, wrinkled skin, and no apparent eyes or mouth. Ribera himself had covered this case in *Secuestrados por Extraterrestres*.
10. Ribera questions to whom Xavier Clares was directing his statement, addressing one of the entities.
11. An analog imaging technique consisting of obtaining a negative from a positive.
12. The test was conducted on November 15, while his brother, Ramis, and Ribera waited in the waiting room.
13. Dr. Blanch indicated by phone to Ribera that Xavier's IQ coefficient was 111.
14. 'The Abduction at Vallgorguina'. Private communication from Pedro P. Canto to Ignacio Darnaude, (June 18, 1990). Also (Guijarro 1999; 2013).
15. We read the case evaluation: 'A witness of little credibility from a subject who is a member of esoteric circles, witness to visions of strange beings in their own home. Biased hypnosis.' (Ballester, Fernández 1988; Ballester 1994).
16. Marc M, Various personal communications since 1994.
17. However, in 2008, the following comment was published on a blog: 'As I commented some time ago, the story of the djinns of Vallgorguina is completely false. A few months ago I met Xavier C's ex-sister-in-law and, talking about a dolmen near where we were, she commented, "Does the story of a boy abducted by some intruders in Vallgorguina sound familiar to you...?" She commented that this Xavier C was her ex-brother-in-law and that he had invented the story to get attention' (Marcos 2008).

References are provided for Jordi Ardanuy, V. J. Ballester Olmos, J. A. Fernández Peris, Jesús Callejo Cabo, and Rafael María Cañete.

Article 2: The Sighting of Captain August Leverger

The second article, titled 'L'albirament del capità August Leverger' (The Sighting of Captain August Leverger), is authored by Edison Boaventura jr. of the Grupo Ufológico do Guarujá.

Summary: This case from 1846 is considered the very first official UFO report in Brazilian history, written by a Navy officer and published in the *Official Gazette of the Empire of Brazil* on November 26, 1846.

Keywords: armed forces, observation, Brazil.

Abstract: This case from 1846 may be considered as the very first official UFO report in Brazilian history since it was written by a Navy officer and published in the *Official Gazette of the Empire of Brazil* on November 26, 1846.

Keywords: armed forces, sighting, Brazil.

The protagonist is identified as the Franco-Brazilian military officer Augusto João Manuel Leverger, better known as the Baron of Melgaço. He was born in 1802 in the corsair city of Sant-Maloù, France, and became a naturalized Brazilian in 1844. He joined the Imperial Brazilian Navy as a second lieutenant on November 11, 1824, and served in the defense of Brazil's borders during the Paraguayan War (1864-1870), becoming governor of the province of Mato Grosso five times. Leverger left behind significant scientific works, including hydrographic studies of Mato Grosso, a Geographic Dictionary of the Province of Mato Grosso, and an important guide for navigation on the Paraguay River. He also produced maps, charts, other hydrographic studies, and historical memoirs. He died in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, on January 14, 1880, at the age of 78.

In June 1846, two Brazilian gunboats, commanded by the then frigate captain Leverger, were sailing towards Asunción, Paraguay, when they observed an unknown natural phenomenon, according to the observers' conclusion at the time.

Leverger was aboard the ship "Dezoito de Julho" (Eighteenth of July), accompanied by the ship "Vinte e Três de Fevereiro" (Twenty-third of February), with a complete contingent of 47 crew members. They observed the phenomenon at 05:57 in the morning. The event was recorded by a journalist from the *Gazeta Official do Império do Brasil* in the edition of November 26, 1846, on page 295, vol. I, no. 74, which is transcribed verbatim:

"I observed tonight a phenomenon like none I have ever seen before. At 5 hours and 57 minutes, the sky was perfectly clear, calm, the thermometer at 60° Fahrenheit [16° Celsius]. A luminous globe, which with instantaneous speed described a curve of about 30° in the NNE direction. The direction formed an angle with the horizon of approximately 75° to 105°, with the acute angle opening towards the west. A luminous band remained, about 5 or 6° in length and about 30 to 35° in width, in which three bodies were distinguished, whose brightness was more intense than the band; and equaled, if not surpassed, the intensity of the full moon in a clear sky. They were superimposed and separated from each other. The central one had an almost circular appearance; the lower one resembled a circular arc of 120° with broken extreme radii; the shape of the upper one was an irregular quadrilateral, the largest dimension of the discs being 20 to 25°. Finally, above it was a faint light band in a zig-zag shape, about 3° wide and 5 or 6° in length. The angular height above the horizon of the band seemed to be 8°. (To avoid missing any circumstance of the phenomenon, I did not use instruments to measure these dimensions). Everything was descending with no greater apparent speed than that of the stars at their setting, but the luminous globes changed aspect, taking on an elliptical shape, becoming flatter and more hazy until they resembled small clouds. The large band tilted towards the N, becoming almost horizontal, but the zig-zag always maintained the same direction. After 25 minutes, everything disappeared, and there was not the slightest sign of atmospheric disturbance. In the city of Asunción, I spoke with the Minister of Brazil and several other people who were witnesses, for all of us, of this singular appearance. A circumstance that seems very worthy of note is the direction in which the indicated minister observed the phenomenon; there was no error, because the comment referred to a wall whose azimuth was easy to verify, and this was approximately to the WNW, thus making an angle of 45° with the NNE, as I noted. Subjected to a trigonometric calculation, this enormous parallax combined with the geographical positions of Asunción and the place where I observed it, I estimate that the phenomenon occurred in the atmospheric region at only 593 leagues [approx. 235 km] from Asunción."

The exact date of the incident cannot be precisely determined, nor the exact location of the strange appearance, as it could have been Brazilian or Paraguayan territory. However, it is recorded that on June 30, 1846, the ships under Leverger's command departed from Asunción for the reconnaissance of the Paraguay River and headed towards its confluence with the Paraná River. In the book *Leverger. O Bretão Cuiabanizado* (1979), by Virgil Alves Corrêa Filho, on page 13, it states: "It was anchored at the port on June 1846...". Thus, we assume the case occurred in June 1846.

On one occasion, when docked in Asunción, Leverger sought out the Brazilian ambassador to Paraguay, Dr. José Antonio Pimenta Bueno, better known as the Marquis of São Vicente, who was also a witness to the unusual phenomenon, and they were able to discuss the sighting.

Notes accompanying the article:
1. 60 degrees Fahrenheit is approximately 16 degrees Celsius.
2. The Brazilian ambassador, the Marquis of São Vicente.
3. Approximately 235 km.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores UFO phenomena, with a focus on historical cases and investigations. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, as evidenced by the questioning of the Xavier Clarés case's authenticity. The inclusion of detailed historical accounts, like the Leverger sighting, suggests an interest in documenting and analyzing significant events in the history of ufology. The publication also engages with contemporary ufological discussions through references to programs like *Milenio 3* and online commentary.

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 1
Volume: 1
Date: December 2014
Publisher: CEI
Country: Spain
Language: Catalan

Josep Baltà Elias, un físic en terra d'ovnis (Josep Baltà Elias, a Physicist in UFO Land)

This issue of Nous Papers d'Ovnis features an article by Jordi Ardanuy detailing the life and work of Josep Baltà Elias (1893-1973), a Catalan physics professor who developed an interest in UFOs later in his career.

Biographical Sketch of Josep Baltà Elias

The article begins with a brief biography of Josep Baltà Elias, a Catalan physics professor who became interested in UFOs in the final stage of his life. His academic journey began with degrees in physics and chemistry from the University of Barcelona. He obtained his doctorate in Madrid in 1918, as the University of Barcelona was not authorized to grant doctorates at that time. In 1919, he became a professor of electromagnetism and electrotechnics at the Escola de Perits de Terrassa, and in 1920, an auxiliary professor of physics at the University of Barcelona.

From 1923 to 1925, he was president of the Ràdio Club de Catalunya. He also studied telecommunications in Paris on a scholarship from the University of Barcelona at the Établissement Centrale de la Télégraphie Militaire.

In 1929, Baltà Elias joined the research team of the Spanish Meteorological Service and worked at the University of Barcelona's Observatory. In 1933, he earned a professorship in physics at the University of Salamanca. Following the Spanish Civil War, he moved to Madrid and taught electronics, electricity, and magnetism at the Central University. In 1941, he founded the electricity section of the Institute of Physics Alonso de Santa Cruz within the CSIC. He was a corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona (1948) and the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical, and Natural Sciences of Madrid (1950).

He retired in 1963, delivering his final lecture on lasers and masers. He also held positions as president of the Leonardo Torres Quevedo Center for Physical Research, president of the Spanish Union of Radio Amateurs, and vice-president of the Royal Spanish Society of Physics and Chemistry. Baltà Elias published several texts on physics, including monographs on cosmic radiation, radioastronomy, astronautics, and the CERN.

Even after retirement, he continued teaching, participating in polytechnic courses in Vilanova i la Geltrú. His intellectual curiosity led him to investigate the UFO phenomenon, which he considered genuine, despite the technical and scientific challenges in attributing it to an extraterrestrial cause. This led him to give a conference on flying saucers on November 29, 1968, as part of the 17th edition of the Vilanova polytechnic course. The local press reported that his lecture, titled "Los enigmáticos O.V.N.I., su antigüedad y estado actual de esta palpitante cuestión" (The Enigmatic UFOs, their antiquity and current state of this pulsating question), captured the attention of the attendees.

In 1969, he published an article on the subject in the journal Arbor, citing George Adamski and including two of his images, alongside references to Eugeni Danyans' work on ancient flying saucers.

A primary school in Vilafranca del Penedès is now named in his honor.

The UFO Phenomenon: Historical Context and Scientific Inquiry

The article delves into the complexities of the UFO phenomenon, noting that the author, initially skeptical, began to change his mind after reading Leslie Adamski's 1953 book, "Flying Saucers Have Landed."

It highlights the abundance of literature on the subject, mentioning contemporary specialists like Antoni Ribera. The text counters the common belief that UFO appearances are a recent phenomenon, citing historical accounts dating back to the 16th century and even suggesting possible ancient origins, such as a Mayan spacecraft depicted in a relief from 10,000 years ago.

The article discusses the establishment of a UFO bibliography section within the Press Service of the Patronat Juan de la Cierva of the CSIC, initiated in 1962 by Octavio Díaz Pinés.

Regarding radar's role, the article suggests it has complicated rather than clarified the UFO mystery. While radar can detect solid objects moving at high speeds, it sometimes produces ambiguous signals (like ionized air or radioactive clouds) when UFOs are visually observed. In other instances, radar has detected solid objects moving at speeds exceeding 40,000 km/h.

Various hypotheses regarding the nature of UFOs are explored, ranging from collective hysteria to more physical explanations like dust particles, intraocular blood corpuscles, or migratory birds. The article recalls the widely recognized start of the modern UFO era with Kenneth Arnold's sighting of "flying saucers" near Mount Rainier on June 24, 1947.

It notes the US government's evolving stance, from initial inhibition to admitting the reality of thousands of sightings, while maintaining caution about disclosure. The British Air Ministry also had a secret department dedicated to UFOs.

The concept of "ortotènia," discovered by French mathematician Aimé Michel, is presented. This phenomenon suggests that UFO sightings from different locations on the same day align precisely along a straight line, implying intelligent guidance. Michel's research indicated that these sightings often emanated from a central point, forming a "dispersion center" from which flying objects were launched for systematic aerial exploration.

The article mentions the US military's 1948 directive to observe and follow flying devices, citing statements from Rear Admiral Delmer Fahrney and the order titled "Flying Sancer Serious Business."

It discusses reports of unidentified objects with speeds far exceeding current aircraft capabilities, often flying in groups and performing maneuvers that suggest intelligent control. The possibility of extraterrestrial origin or advanced terrestrial technology is considered, though the latter is deemed improbable due to the difficulty of maintaining such advanced secrets.

James I. McDonald, from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Arizona, is quoted as stating that the extraterrestrial hypothesis is the "least unsatisfactory" explanation for UFOs. Conversely, some technicians at a NASA base in Ancón, Peru, hold the opposing view that flying saucers do not exist.

Propulsion Systems

The article examines the propulsion systems of UFOs as a key enigma, noting their ability to achieve incredible speeds and their simultaneous appearance and hovering near vehicles and electrical installations, causing immediate functional shutdowns. This suggests a significant increase in ambient electrical conductivity, possibly due to plasma states, hinting at the use of nuclear energy for propulsion.

Despite the potential for destructive effects from rapid ascensions due to action-reaction principles, UFOs do not appear to cause damage to their surroundings.

The discussion then shifts to nuclear propulsion, referencing the "Project Orion" initiated in North America after the launch of the first "Sputnik." This project aimed to study spacecraft propulsion using nuclear explosions, as an alternative to chemical propulsion methods like those used for the Saturn V rocket.

Project Orion proposed launching craft to Venus and Mars, with an estimated cost significantly lower than NASA's Apollo program budget.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently focuses on UFO phenomena, presenting them as a subject of serious scientific inquiry. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation, exploring various hypotheses from scientific to potentially extraterrestrial origins. The publication aims to provide detailed information, historical context, and analysis of UFO sightings and related scientific concepts, as exemplified by the in-depth profile of Josep Baltà Elias and his contributions to the field.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: No. 1
Date: December 2014
Publisher: CEI
Language: Catalan

This issue of *Papers d'Ovnis* delves into the complexities of space exploration, the potential for extraterrestrial life, and the intriguing phenomenon of UFOs, featuring a detailed account of a classic encounter.

Space Exploration and Propulsion Systems

The magazine begins by discussing the economics of space exploration, noting that annual spending is high, with a significant portion invested in lunar exploration. It draws an analogy between the Saturn V rocket and early aircraft compared to modern jets, highlighting the disproportionate payload capacity relative to size. The article critiques chemical propulsion, deeming it inefficient, costly, and practically unusable for interplanetary travel due to landing challenges. It explains that chemical rockets achieve speeds of approximately 3 km/s for expelled gases, necessitating multiple stages that exponentially increase the rocket's weight. A simple calculation shows that the ratio of a rocket's weight at launch to its weight at the end of its journey can reach 16 for low Earth orbit, and quadruples to 256 for higher orbits, underscoring the economic inefficiency.

In contrast, the Orion project's spacecraft is presented as having a significant advantage: a single stage with a mass ratio of less than 10, making it potentially capable of longer voyages within the solar system and relatively economical, despite its size and sturdiness.

The article then explores theoretical propulsion systems: ion and photon propulsion. Ion propulsion involves accelerating atomic particles (like hydrogen nuclei or protons) using strong electric fields. Cesium is mentioned as a commonly used propellant that ionizes easily. While current ion engines produce relatively low thrust, their low fuel consumption allows for sustained operation over long periods, and their low weight makes them easy to stop and restart.

Photon propulsion is based on the very weak mechanical pressure exerted by light on objects, known as radiation pressure. This method is considered even more remote in terms of practical realization, relying on the emission of photons (light particles with energy) to provide propulsion. These hypothetical rockets could generate extremely high thrust but would require the radiation of light beams with extraordinary intensity.

Confronting UFO Phenomenology with Science

The magazine poses several questions regarding the possibility of extraterrestrial life and visitation within our solar system and beyond. It references E. Purcell's view from 1960, which deemed interstellar travel within a decade as absolutely impossible and absurd for humans.

The article addresses the possibility of inhabited planets in our solar system and other star systems. It concludes that only Earth possesses all the necessary and favorable conditions for life, dismissing the idea of selenites or Martians as pure fantasy. While acknowledging the probability of other star systems with Earth-like planets, it questions whether beings on these planets would necessarily be human-like or possess intelligence and freedom. Furthermore, it strongly negates the possibility of these hypothetical beings visiting Earth, citing the immense distances, the need for energy to alter course and return, and the fundamental challenge of navigation in space where constellations shift and disappear.

The Memorable November 20, 1952: The Adamski Encounter

The issue then shifts to a detailed account of a reported UFO encounter by George Adamski on November 20, 1952. Adamski, an author of a book on the subject, described an event in the California desert near Parker. He and his companions observed a large, silent, silver, cigar-shaped craft with no wings. The craft approached them and appeared to stop.

Adamski recounts the surprise and excitement of his companions. He describes the craft's hull as orange and notes that it was a sight that could have been missed by a driver focused on the road.

Shortly after the initial sighting, a smaller, luminous object appeared and landed on a plateau nearby. Adamski then encountered a man who approached him, signaling for him to come closer. Adamski describes the man as being of average height (about 1.70 meters), with a round face, high forehead, greenish-gray eyes, a fine nose, and a medium-sized mouth. His hair was wavy, chestnut-colored, and reached his shoulders. The man wore a dark brown, one-piece suit made of a fine, unusual fabric, with no visible buttons or pockets. He wore no jewelry or accessories, giving the impression of not carrying any weapons.

Adamski attempted to communicate verbally, but the man did not understand. Through what Adamski perceived as telepathy, he managed to convey an image of a planet and the Sun, which the visitor seemed to comprehend. The visitor indicated his intentions were friendly and related to Earth's radiation, possibly referring to the heat from the desert. He also seemed to understand Adamski's question about whether Earth's nuclear bomb explosions and their residual radioactive clouds affected outer space, responding affirmatively.

The visitor explained that his craft had been transported to Earth's atmosphere by a larger space vehicle. He confirmed that the smaller craft was the same one Adamski and his friends had seen earlier from the highway. The article notes historical precedents, including a 17th-century sighting in Angermannland and a 1953 radar observation of flying saucers launched from a large aerial cigar.

Adamski asked about the smaller flying discs, and the visitor explained they were essentially 'eyes' of larger craft, guided remotely and without occupants. When asked if space travel was common on other worlds, the response was affirmative and indicated ease.

Regarding inhabited planets, the visitor emphatically stated that there were numerous planets inhabited by beings similar to humans, describing their aspect and idiosyncrasies as practically universal, though Adamski couldn't decipher further details.

Adamski was invited to accompany the visitor to his craft, described as a small, bell-shaped vehicle made of translucent, colored, resistant material, resembling glass but possibly a specially treated metal. The vehicle hovered about half a meter above the ground, with its landing gear partially extended.

Adamski requested a ride, but the visitor declined, stating he had to leave. The craft's takeoff involved two rings under the rim and one around the central disc, with the outer rings rotating clockwise and the inner one counter-clockwise.

Upon reuniting with his friends, Adamski found them equally excited. The article mentions that Adamski's companions provided testimony, notarized, to support his account. The work concludes with Adamski's statement, "they are here among us," urging readers to learn from these potential friends if they do not oppose them.

The *Daily Mail* is quoted as saying that Adamski "admits frankly that he is the target of laughter and sarcasm for his work," sharing the fate of many prophets and saints.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of scientific possibility and unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs and the potential for extraterrestrial life. It presents theoretical advancements in propulsion alongside anecdotal accounts of encounters. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting scientific arguments and then contrasting them with reported experiences, particularly those of George Adamski, whom it defends against skepticism by highlighting his notarized testimony and historical context. The underlying theme is the vastness of the universe and the possibility of life beyond Earth, while cautioning against uncritical acceptance of all claims.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 1
Date: December 2014
Publisher: CEI
Language: Catalan

Main Articles

"Observacions fidedignes recents; restes d'un satèl·lit rus" (Recent reliable observations; remnants of a Russian satellite)

This article details two distinct aerial observations. The first, on March 3, 1968, involved J. R. Wilson of Alexandria, Kentucky, who observed three objects moving from southeast to northeast for three to four minutes. He described them as small, white, with a scintillation similar to aircraft lights but without intermittency. As they approached, they appeared larger, resembling an airplane fuselage, emitting reddish flashes that gave the impression of the aircraft being on fire. Before reaching the zenith, Wilson realized two other objects, also seemingly on fire but without smoke or sound, were following, leaving behind a red-cherry trail about five to six times longer than the object itself.

Almost simultaneously, near Cincinnati, Ohio, E. W. Daley reported observing several objects in the sky to the east, about 40-50 degrees above the horizon. He described them as three objects like first-magnitude stars, separated from two others, leaving behind a long, persistent reddish trail. Their speed was greater than a jet aircraft but less than a meteor.

The article clarifies that these phenomena were caused by the re-entry into the atmosphere of fragments from the Soviet satellite Zond IV, launched on March 2.

The following day, the Soviet Union announced the launch of a satellite with a stationary orbit, intended for distant Earth photography, possibly near the Moon, and subsequent return.

Later, on the same day (Sunday evening), a fragment of the satellite re-entered the atmosphere over the northwestern United States, likely impacting in the border region between New York and Pennsylvania.

The author cautions against attributing all extraordinary luminous celestial phenomena to returning satellite debris, although acknowledging the increasing danger to air navigation. The probability of an aircraft colliding with space debris is estimated at less than one in a million, but this is expected to rise with faster aircraft and supersonic planes operating at higher altitudes.

The article also touches upon other suggested explanations for luminous celestial phenomena, such as terrestrial objects or secret weapons, but dismisses them based on the historical prevalence of UFOs and the lack of supersonic flight achievement until 1947. It also notes the difficulty of keeping such advanced experiments secret in the current era of widespread espionage.

A significant point raised is the recurring frequency of UFO sightings in most South American countries (Chile, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, etc.), questioning the reason for this preference for high southern latitudes.

"Una notícia a la premsa espanyola sobre una aeronau a Granada l'any 1916" (A Spanish press notice about an aircraft in Granada in 1916)

This section, authored by Gerard Casademon, highlights a rare pre-1947 report of a strange aerial phenomenon in Spain. The article discusses a news item published in the *Noticiero Granadino* on February 16, 1916, about a "mysterious airplane." The report, originating from Motril, described an aircraft with two powerful electric spotlights appearing for two consecutive nights around 8 PM. On the second night, it remained motionless for over three-quarters of an hour at an altitude of approximately 1500 meters, positioned over the dividing line between the sea and the mountains. It then moved rapidly towards the west along the coastline.

This news caught the attention of *La Independencia: diario de noticias* of Almeria, which reproduced the report three days later with the headline "What could it be? Mysterious airplane."

Juan Carlos Victorio Uranga (2014) suggested that the sighting might be explained by a conjunction of the planets Venus and Jupiter, visible at the time. However, the article's description of the object making "observation stops" and its rapid movements does not seem to fit a purely astronomical explanation. The author concludes that while it's impossible to know for sure, at least two newspaper articles documented the event.

"El tresor millor guardat: els darrers anys del CEI" (The best-kept treasure: the last years of the CEI)

Authored by Martí Flò, this article summarizes the main events related to the CEI (Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris) from the beginning of the century until the transfer of its archives to Sweden in May 2013. It mentions the succession of new presidencies following the deaths of founders Antoni Ribera and Antoni Pelegrí, the reform of the CEI's statutes (dating back to 1968), and the management of the library and specialized publications exchange.

Scientific Discussion: Van Allen Belts and UFOs

The magazine delves into the scientific context of UFO sightings, particularly concerning the Van Allen belts. It explains that physicist James Van Allen discovered these radiation belts surrounding Earth, composed of high-energy electrons, ions, and protons trapped by the Earth's magnetic field. These belts pose a mortal danger to humans, requiring spacecraft to avoid traversing them.

The article references a study by Professor Markowitz published in *Science* and translated into Spanish in *Las Ciencias*. Markowitz's conclusion was that "If the laws of physics are valid, the UFOs described so far cannot be under the control of extraterrestrial beings." This statement generated significant controversy, with various scientists expressing dissenting opinions in correspondence published in subsequent issues of the same journals. The discussions, particularly those held at the University of Colorado under the direction of physicist Edward O. Condon, are described as lamentable and contributing little to clarifying the mystery.

The author notes that despite millions of testimonies worldwide, the constitution, origin, and destination of UFOs remain uncertain, with many not being mere hallucinations. There is a suggestion that European scientists might possess more information but remain silent or reluctant to discuss the topic.

References

The issue includes a comprehensive list of references, citing works on UFOs, astronomy, and related topics by authors such as Juan María Bonelli Rubio, Louis de Broglie, Eugenio Dayans, Freeman Dyson, Desmond Leslie, George Adamski, Aime Michel, and Edward M. Purcell.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores UFO sightings, historical accounts, and scientific explanations, often highlighting controversies and unresolved mysteries. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, presenting various perspectives and scientific data while acknowledging the persistent enigma of UFO phenomena. There is a clear emphasis on documented cases and scientific debate, as seen in the discussion of the Zond IV satellite re-entry and the Markowitz controversy. The inclusion of historical reports, like the 1916 Granada sighting, underscores a commitment to exploring the breadth of UFO phenomena across time. The article on the CEI's archives also suggests an interest in the history and organization of UFO research itself.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 1
Date: December 2014
Publisher: CEI (Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris)
Country: Spain
Language: Catalan

This issue of Papers d'Ovnis provides a detailed account of the Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris (CEI), focusing on its organizational changes, archival activities, and the challenges it faced leading up to 2014. The magazine delves into the history of the CEI, its statutes, its collaborations, and the eventual fate of its extensive documentation.

Organizational Restructuring and Statute Changes

The issue begins by discussing the CEI's statutes, which were revised after being deemed obsolete following the center's refoundation. The original statutes from 1958 were updated to comply with a new law on associations. The revision, led by lawyer Maties Morey, aimed for a completely new text but ultimately retained the spirit of the 1968 version, with modifications mandated by law. Key changes included the removal of a clause about the dissolution of the entity and the transfer of its assets. Instead, it was stipulated that upon dissolution, assets, especially documentary ones, would pass to an entity that would ensure their conservation and public access. The previous president, Pere Redón, initially wanted to safeguard the archives within Catalonia, but this was deemed detrimental to accessibility. A significant change also occurred in the center's objectives, shifting from 'The investigation of Space (Cosmos) in general, and, in particular, the relations between planets' to 'The study of the cosmos in general, as well as the UFO phenomenon in its various facets.'

Archival Expansion and Collaborations

To ensure the CEI's continuity, external contacts and collaborations were intensified. The library's volume increased by a third due to donations of documentation from former members, notably the archive and library of Albert Adell. The CEI also engaged in publication exchanges with international centers, leveraging the relaunch of the 'Papers d'Ovnis' bulletin. Collaborations extended to projects like CUCO and Fotocat from Fundación Anomalía. Efforts were made to preserve accumulated documentary funds, including the restoration and copying of the sound archive by Ramón Álvarez and the digitization of the first CEI bulletin (1959-1962) by Jordi Ardanuy.

Increased Visibility and External Conflicts

The CEI's efforts to increase its visibility led to more correspondence with individuals, groups, and centers, both nationally and internationally. Testimonies of sightings were collected through a web form. This increased visibility, however, also exposed the CEI to external criticism and conflicts. A notable conflict arose from the film 'Platillos Volantes' by Oscar Aíbar, which narrated the controversial 1973 Terrassa suicides. The film, according to the article, portrayed the CEI negatively and unfairly depicted one of its founders, Màrius Lleget.

Commemoration of the CEI's 50th Anniversary

As the CEI's 50th anniversary approached, a series of activities were planned. These included commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Congress of Astronautics in October 2007 (where the CEI idea was conceived), the approval of the first statutes in July 2008, and the first General Assembly of Members in October 2008. Contact was re-established with former members of CEI-Madrid, who contributed anecdotes and documentation. In April 2008, a Wikipedia entry was created for the CEI as a step towards commemoration.

Challenges and Decline

Despite the commemorative efforts, the CEI faced significant challenges. The planned activities, such as a conference day, were postponed due to the lack of a suitable venue. Although a venue was eventually secured through the efforts of member Santiago Ontañón, the event had to be suspended at the last minute due to a lack of speakers. A recurring issue was the lack of member involvement, with attendance at talks dwindling and a general sense of weariness and skepticism among the few active members. The closure of Fundación Anomalía (later Fundación Ikaros), a significant entity in the field, further exacerbated the sense of isolation.

By 2009, the CEI's financial situation became critical. Despite maintaining a stable number of members, the rising costs of local venues made it difficult to continue. The rental contract expired, and it was impossible to afford a new one. A temporary solution was sought, but it was clear that a more permanent solution was needed. In May 2010, a protective member, Rosa Solé, established herself independently, though she continued to contribute financially for a few more months. The situation was dire, leading the CEI to seek help from Antonio Cuesta in November 2010 as a last resort.

Relocation and Archive Preservation

Antonio Cuesta proposed a solution that, while affordable and free, was inconvenient and did not represent a true relocation. In January 2011, the CEI's assets were moved to the basement of a modernist building in Barcelona's Eixample (Casa Enric Llorens de Grau). This space was sufficient for storing the packed movable assets but lacked the facilities for consulting the documentary funds. Consequently, the CEI's board decided to suspend membership fees, though members would still be recognized as such.

Further Setbacks and Archive Donation

By November 2012, activities had become impossible due to a lack of attendance. In December 2012, Antonio Cuesta announced the sale of the building, requiring the immediate eviction of all stored items. Within four days, a decision was made to store the entire documentary collection in a storage company called BlueSpace for a provisional period. This was intended to allow time to research and decide on donating the collection to a specialized ufological entity.

Three foreign entities were identified for this purpose: SCEAU/Arxives OVNI in France (directed by Jacques Scornaux), CISU in Italy (directed by Edoardo Russo), and AFU (Arkivet för UFO-forskning) in Sweden (directed by Håkan Blomqvist). After careful consideration, the CEI opted to donate its archives to AFU in Sweden, citing its perceived strength, continuity, and experience. The decision was influenced by the history of Spanish ufological groups. Contacts with AFU began in January 2013, with Anders Liljegren, Clas Svahn, and Håkan Blomqvist. AFU welcomed the offer, providing guarantees and even covering transport and storage costs until the transfer could be completed, considering the Nordic winter made immediate transport unfeasible.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue of Papers d'Ovnis reflects a strong commitment to the preservation and study of ufological history and documentation. The CEI, despite facing significant internal and external challenges, prioritized the safeguarding of its extensive archive. The editorial stance appears to be one of dedication to the field, emphasizing the importance of historical records and international collaboration for the advancement of ufological research. The narrative highlights the difficulties faced by such organizations in maintaining operations and the ultimate decision to entrust their legacy to an international body that could ensure its long-term preservation and accessibility.

Title: Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: Núm. 1
Volume: 2014
Date: December 2014
Publisher: CEI
Country: Spain
Language: Catalan

This issue of 'Papers d'Ovnis' focuses on selected entries from the CEI's blog in 2014, alongside historical cases and news regarding the CEI's archival activities.

CEI Archive and Website Status

The issue begins by detailing the transfer of the CEI's archives, library, and newspaper collection to Sweden, which commenced on May 21, 2013. This move was necessitated in part by a decline in monetary donations. On May 1, 2013, the CEI's main website became unavailable as Movistar shut down the web hosting for its servers. Despite this, the CEI's blog and editorial news page remain accessible because they are hosted on separate servers.

Selected CEI Blog Entries (2014)

UFO Disrupts Bremen Airport Traffic

On January 6, 2014, an unidentified flying object (UFO) disrupted air traffic at Bremen Airport in northern Germany. Several flights were canceled or postponed after the object appeared on radar. Local police stated they did not know what it was but confirmed its presence. Initial hypotheses suggested an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or a balloon-like object. Air traffic controllers reported that the artifact disappeared from radar after three hours without being identified. A flight from Frankfurt was canceled, a flight from Munich to Bremen was diverted to Hannover, and a flight from Paris was instructed to abort its landing, though it eventually landed with a delay. A few days later, press reports indicated that police investigations pointed towards a UAV or a balloon. The official press release mentioned at least 50 witness reports of an unusual sight in the sky. Many eyewitnesses claimed the UFO entered Bremen Airport's airspace around 18:30 and left at 21:30. Some mistook a police helicopter sent to investigate for the UFO itself. The case was investigated by the state prosecutor's office in Bremen to determine if it constituted a dangerous airspace intrusion. Authorities considered the possibility that the object, possibly an aeromodel, was remotely controlled from indoors, although no evidence of the perpetrator was found at the time.

Captive Balloon Over Barcelona Sparks Speculation

On May 26, 2014, a static captive balloon positioned high above Barcelona's Diagonal avenue attracted significant attention and commentary from social media users. The balloon was part of an experiment conducted by experts from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Hanyang University of Korea to measure air quality. The experiment involved a balloon with a volume of 27 cubic meters, equipped with advanced miniaturized technology, operating at altitudes up to one kilometer. The experiment took place at the Real Club de Polo de Barcelona, near the Diagonal avenue, which experiences heavy daily traffic. This proximity led many citizens to post on Twitter about the strange sight in the sky, with some, including members of the musical group Estopa, commenting on the presence of a UFO. Some ufology researchers, unaware of the balloon experiment, also became interested in the artifact, which, due to its distance and captive nature, was difficult to identify.

Historical Cases

Phantom Plane Destroyed in Europe? (100 Years Ago)

An article from December 19, [1914], originating from Arvònia, Virginia, and reported by The Times, describes an aerial event that excited Buckingham. On a Thursday night around 10 PM, a loud noise and lights were observed, leading to speculation about a German reconnaissance plane or a zeppelin. Some witnesses reported hearing gunfire, while others attributed the sound to thunder. At least three distinct lights were seen. Three men reported seeing an aircraft that crashed with a loud noise in a nearby field. The phenomenon was observed over an extensive area, causing intense excitement. While some suggested it was an airplane or zeppelin, others, familiar with geographical conditions, believed it to be a German reconnaissance craft. More superstitious individuals thought it was a phantom aircraft, perhaps the spirit of those destroyed in the European war. The most plausible explanation offered was a remarkable meteor accompanied by a loud, gunshot-like noise. The U.S. meteorological office was asked to investigate.

Luminous Mountain (90 Years Ago)

Reported in the Creston Review on July 4, 1924, this piece describes a mountain in the uninhabited areas of New Britain, in the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea), whose crest and slopes emitted a strange illumination. Mariners reported that those who approached suffered painful skin eruptions. The glow was visible from miles away and was not caused by a volcanic eruption. Scientists believed the light was a consequence of radium or another radioactive mineral in the rock. The Australian government planned to send an expedition to investigate.

Flying Saucer? (60 Years Ago)

An article from the Diari de Girona on December 9, 1954, recounts a sighting by Mr. Fageda, a driver for the Provincial Council. While accompanying a deputy on the road to La Bisbal in the early morning, they observed a strange spherical object moving from east to west. The object, unlike a bolide or a shooting star, emitted sparks of a clear, fluorescent color as it moved at a moderate speed. Mr. Fageda described it as a singular and strange phenomenon that could possibly be a flying saucer igniting.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of 'Papers d'Ovnis' demonstrates a continued interest in documenting both contemporary UFO/UAP sightings and historical accounts of unexplained aerial phenomena. The magazine also provides updates on the operational status and archival activities of the CEI, indicating a commitment to preserving and disseminating information within the field of ufology. The editorial stance appears to be one of objective reporting, presenting various hypotheses and witness accounts while also acknowledging scientific investigations and the archiving of relevant materials.

Title: Nous Papers d'Ovnis
Issue: 1
Date: December 2014
Publisher: Centre d'Estudis Interplanetaris
Language: Catalan

This issue of 'Nous Papers d'Ovnis' focuses on historical accounts of strange lights and UFO sightings, organized chronologically by 'years ago' sections: 50 years ago, 40 years ago, 30 years ago, and 10 years ago.

50 Years Ago: Strange Lights

This section recounts the experiences of the Bennion family with strange lights, described as will-o'-the-wisps, in Glenwood, Canada, between 1913 and the 1930s. Hundreds of these lights were seen in the northern part of Glenwood, illuminating the area at night. Mr. Bennion describes a personal encounter where he saw a light about 50-100 meters away, resembling a car headlight, which then moved into a ditch and reappeared on the other side of a fence. His horse became nervous, and he also felt uneasy upon reaching home, where two more lights were observed in the yard. The article notes that these lights were not seen again after the 1930s and no satisfactory explanation has ever been found. The source cited is the Lethbridge Herald, December 4, 1964.

40 Years Ago: UFOs Arrive in Catalonia

This segment reports on UFO sightings in the province of Tarragona, Spain, as reported by "Diario Español" of Tarragona. In the locality of Almoster, two families claimed to have seen two objects resembling inverted plates, one above the other. In Cambrils, a third unidentified flying object was seen, described by witnesses as very luminous and flying slowly from east to west. The report is attributed to EUROPA PRESS.

30 Years Ago: UFO Wave in the South of the Peninsula

This section details a wave of UFO sightings in southern Spain in January 1984, as reported by ufologist J.J. Benítez. Sightings occurred near the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta, Cadis, and Càceres on January 7th and 8th. Benítez suggested that 1984 might signify a return to prominence for the UFO phenomenon. The most spectacular encounter mentioned involved a taxi driver near Ceuta who saw an enormous red ball of light near the ground, which caused his car to stop and emit strange vibrations. Other reports include sightings at Puerto del Cabrito, Vejer de la Frontera, and Punta Carnero, where a UFO reportedly divided into three. Additionally, on the road from San Vicente de Alcántara to Valencià de Alcàntara in Càceres, an object emitting an intense red light illuminated the surroundings so brightly that it appeared to be daytime. The source cited is El Punt Diari, January 15, 1984.

10 Years Ago: A Mysterious Light in Girona

This part of the magazine discusses an event from November 2004 in Girona, Spain. Approximately ten people watching fireworks from Montjuïc reported seeing a rapidly moving green light in the sky, separate from the fireworks. While some suggested it could be a shooting star, a reflex, or a UFO, there was general agreement that the phenomenon was unidentified. A subsequent report on November 15th in El Punt mentions that Ponç Feliu, the Councillor of Environment for the Girona City Council, also witnessed the luminous point. Unlike those who considered it a UFO, Feliu, described as an expert observer of nature, stated with certainty that it was a simple shooting star. The sources cited are El Punt, November 9 and 15, 2004.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the documentation and examination of unexplained aerial phenomena and lights. The magazine presents historical accounts and contemporary reports, often citing local news sources and expert opinions. While some incidents are left unexplained or attributed to natural phenomena (like shooting stars), the overall stance appears to be one of open inquiry into UFO and strange light phenomena, acknowledging the persistent mystery surrounding many of these events. The use of historical 'years ago' sections suggests an interest in the long-term study of these occurrences and their evolution over time.