NOUFA - No 53

Magazine Overview

Title: NOUFA
Issue: 53
Volume: BP
Date: January 2018
Publisher: NOTICIERO UFOLOGICO AUTONOMO
Country: Chile
Language: Spanish

This issue of NOUFA, a ufological newsletter, presents a diverse range of topics related to unexplained phenomena, including UFO sightings, cryptid investigations, and paranormal accounts. The cover prominently features a question about events at Colegio Wexford in Santiago in 1968, alongside articles on the Onas or Selk'nam people and sightings of bipedal beings in Angol, Chile.

Editorial

Raúl Núñez, the director, begins with an apology for appearing in photos and for the delay in previous issues (51 and 52). He explains his recent trip to Barcelona, Spain, where he participated in various activities, some related to the magazine's themes. Núñez reflects on a year of contrasting experiences in their field, from the pleasant to the grotesque. He mentions their participation in television programs about the 'IEA Chupacabras' to avoid being perceived as detached from social reality, though he notes the minimal quality of the discussions. He expresses optimism for the new year, hoping it brings new discoveries and insights into their subject matter. The editorial is accompanied by a photo of Núñez with Ramón Navia-Osorio and Juan Diez from IIEE of Spain in Cervera, taken in October 2017.

Index - Contents

The magazine's table of contents outlines the articles within this issue:

• Page 1: Cover - Allusions and images related to the issue's content.
• Page 2: Editorial and Photography (featuring two investigators).
• Page 3: Index - Contents.
• Pages 4: Ufology: Countries most believing in aliens.
• Pages 5/10: Brief compilation of UFOs from the sixties – Part III by Juan Díaz.
• Pages 11/12: Visit to Colegio Wexford by Raúl Núñez.
• Pages 13/16: Statements from a US combat pilot; UFOs and their eccentricities: A letter dated 1947 in Argentina; Hunters and pregnant extraterrestrials in Argentina.
• Pages 17/29: Cryptozoology: The Yeti - A bear? No, please - by Javier Resines; Monsters - Why do we need to create them?; El Ucu, the yeti of the Andes; El Muki - The Andes goblin is more than a legend; The Tue-tue bird in Chile.
• Pages 30/36: Field compilations - A bipedal being in Angol? by Raúl Gajardo Leopold.
• Pages 30/36: Paranormal Events in Argentina: Ghost in the Museum; The tragic death of Carmelo Rojas 'the talking child' in the Cemetery.
• Pages 37/41: Chronicles of History: Onas beliefs and legends; Human Zoos: The shameful 'Exportation' from Chile, etc.
• Page 42: Opinion Sector: Ramón Navia-Osorio and Salvador Freixedo.
• Page 43: El Sacapuntas by Julián Lenguaraz.
• Pages 44/46: Images of moments from the year 2017 that will not return.
• Page 47: Anomalous Curiosities: The phantom flight of Charles A. Lindbergh; About goblins.
• Page 48: Fantastic Zoology: El Peuchén - Between myth and reality.
• Page 49: Photography (Visit to IIEE of Chile) - Letters to the Director.
• Page 50: Ufological Humor.

Contact information for NOUFA is provided: [email protected].

Ufology: Mexico and Russia, Countries Most Believing in Aliens

This article, sourced from El País, reports on a Glocalities survey of over 26,000 people in 24 countries regarding belief in extraterrestrial life. Globally, 61% believe in intelligent life beyond Earth, with Russia (68%) and Mexico (61%) showing the highest belief rates. Spain, the United States, and Germany reported 45% belief, Brazil 42%, and the Netherlands the lowest at 28%. The survey also found that 60% of respondents support contact with advanced extraterrestrial civilizations, imagining them as intelligent, open-minded, and interested in science and technology. However, only 25% believe life on Earth originated from other planets, with 39% rejecting the idea.

The article notes Mexico's history of UFO sightings, popularized by programs like 'Tercer Milenio' hosted by Jaime Maussan, who even appeared in Netflix's 'Stranger Things' promotions for the Mexican market. The popularity of 'The X-Files' in the 1990s also contributed to this fascination. The belief in the Chupacabras is cited as an example, though media analysts suggested it was a diversion from Mexico's economic crisis post-1994. The report concludes that believers in aliens are generally curious individuals passionate about science, technology, and culture, potentially playing a role in future debates about humanity's place in the universe.

Brief Compilation of UFOs from the Sixties – Part III

This section, compiled by Juan Díaz Montes of IIEE of Spain, continues a series from previous NOUFA issues (51 and 52) and focuses on UFO reports from 1963:

• 1963: A pilot flying over Venezuela took an extraordinary photograph of a UFO.
• 1963: A UFO was sighted and photographed in San Diego, California, appearing bright in the sun.
• 1963: Twelve ships and the UASP aircraft carrier detected a large craft in the Atlantic, moving at 280 km/h and submerging to an unprecedented depth of 8,200 meters.
• 1963: A British Royal Navy frigate detected a 30-meter wide object, whose rapid descent was observed on screens.
• 1963 Summer: The Marvízón couple in Mairena del Aljarafe, Sevilla, Spain, saw a reddish-orange object in the sky.
• 1963: The NICAP received photographs from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory showing signals from objects inconsistent with known satellites.
• 1963-01-05: Mr. Cherrington in Nantucket Point, Long Island, New York, saw a round, metallic UFO hovering.
• 1963-03-13: Fred White in Richards Bay, South Africa, witnessed an object land 15 meters away while fishing.
• 1963-04-30: Australian Minister Allen Fairhall reported that attempts to open 35 cm metallic spheres that fell from the sky were unsuccessful; the surface was polished and radiant.
• 1963-05-15: The Fauth-7 Mercurio capsule was accompanied by a shining, greenish flying object.
• 1963-06-01: A UFO predicted by Mexican contactee Paul Vella appeared near Albuquerque, New Mexico. The witness took incredible photographs.
• 1963-06-14: Russian astronaut Valery F. Bikovski, aboard Vostok-5, reported something following him in space.
• 1963-06-16: Paul Villa in Albuquerque, New Mexico, photographed a UFO in various positions.
• 1963-06-18: During a flight involving Vostok 5 and Vostok-6, astronaut Valery Biokovsky believed he saw Valentina Tereshkova's craft, but it turned out to be an unidentified ovoid flying object.
• 1963-07: A spectacular UFO was photographed near Genoa, Italy.
• 1963-07-28: Motorists near Caterham, England, saw strange men in hoods who disappeared by running and jumping.
• 1963-08: A woman in Oklahoma City reported being taken aboard a UFO at age fifteen, retaining a scar behind her ear from a procedure.
• 1963-08: Fernando Eustaga and friends in Sagrada Familia, Brazil, saw a platform suspended in the air while getting water from a well.
• 1963-08-05: Ronnie Austin and Phyllis Bruce in Mount Vernon, Illinois, saw a luminous ball over trees that then accelerated.
• 1963-08-14: A disc-shaped object with a dome was sighted moving slowly in Madrid.
• 1963-08-19: London experienced an unusual, dense darkness during the day, described as impenetrable and unlike fog or smoke.
• 1963-08-28: Three youths in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, saw a large, transparent, luminous sphere descend. A tall, thin being with a transparent helmet emerged and was briefly paralyzed when one youth attempted to attack it with a brick. The being's skin was described as reddish.
• 1963-09-10: Four children in Saskatoon, Canada, saw a very bright object hovering over a field.
• 1963-10: A woman in Isla Whidbey, Washington, saw an object immobilized in the air near her house.
• 1963-10-12: E. Douglas's truck stopped in Monte Maíz, Argentina, as a powerful light fell on it. He saw an illuminated object with two two-meter figures, emitting reddish light beams that caused burns to his hands and face.
• 1963-10-21: Mr. and Mrs. Moreno in Tranca, Córdoba, Argentina, witnessed a bright light over the railway tracks that moved and then a large luminous disc flew overhead.
• 1963-10-21: Seven UFOs descended over Tucumán, Argentina, illuminating the area for 45 minutes before flying off in a 'V' formation. Analysis of residue found at the landing site revealed compounds of calcium carbonate and potassium carbonate, which do not naturally combine on Earth.
• 1963-10-25: Pilots observed a defined object accompanying a larger 'thing' between Saint-Louis and Mitchell. The larger object then broke into ten or more smaller objects.
• 1963-10-29: In Trancas, Argentina, several anthropomorphic figures were seen working inside a receptacle situated over train tracks.
• 1963-11-16: Four teenagers in Saltwood, Great Britain, saw a light heading towards them that turned reddish before disappearing behind trees.
• 1963-11-19: Mr. Kinoshita, a bank executive in Tokio, Japan, was traveling by car when a gust of smoke or vapor enveloped his car. After it dispersed, the car had vanished.
• 1963-12-25: A fisherman in Libreville, Gabon, witnessed a UFO landing.

The Press Echoes 1963 - Many Parts of the World

This section presents newspaper clippings about UFO phenomena in 1963:

• LA GACETA: An article titled "Strange Appearance of a Group of 'Ufos'" reports on sightings in Trancas, Argentina, involving the Moreno family and a "fantastic experience" of six UFOs hovering over their estancia for forty minutes. The article mentions the UFOs emitting light beams towards the horizon.
• Concord: An article titled "Unusual Expectation Awakens Celestial Phenomenon Seen in Arica" and "Antofagasta Revalidated Its Titles in W. Pola" (likely related to unrelated news).
• ARGENTINA: A piece titled "THE AMAZING PHENOMENA OF TRANCAS" by Dr. Oscar A. Galindez, referencing the 21-10-1963 sighting.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores UFO sightings, alien beliefs, and related phenomena, often drawing from historical accounts and witness testimonies. There's a focus on detailed compilations of events, particularly from the 1960s, suggesting an interest in the historical development of ufology. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, acknowledging the strangeness of reported events while maintaining a degree of skepticism or critical analysis, as seen in the commentary on the Chupacabras case. The publication aims to inform its readers about a wide spectrum of anomalous events, from extraterrestrial encounters to cryptids and paranormal occurrences, across various geographical locations.

This issue of the magazine, identified as issue number 18 and dated November 3, 2017, is titled "MONSTRUOS" with the cover headline "¿POR QUÉ NECESITAMOS CREARLOS?" (Why Do We Need to Create Them?). The magazine is published by NOUFA * NOTICIERO UFOLÓGICO AUTONOMO and appears to be based in Spain, with content in Spanish.

Article 1: 34 AÑOS DESPUÉS. VISITA AL COLEGIO WEXFORD

This article recounts an experience from October 1983 when the author received a letter from María Fariña Ortega, a teacher in Santiago, Chile. The letter detailed an event that occurred in 1968 at the Colegio Wexford. Ortega confessed a strange incident involving a bright light that appeared at the school. She initially kept it secret to avoid being labeled as crazy. The event involved a large, fast-moving light that hovered over the school grounds, levitating debris. While the adults kept quiet, the children spread the news, causing a stir. Ortega later had to explain the situation to parents, and the experience stayed with her.

The author later visited the Colegio Wexford in November 2017 and met with the current director, María de la Luz Olivares Fariña, who is the daughter of the original witness. The director confirmed that the incident is still remembered by some former students and parents. The article suggests that UFO phenomena leave a lasting impact.

Article 2: UN PILOTO DE COMBATE DE EE.UU. SOBRE UN OVNI: «ACELERÓ COMO NADA QUE HAYA VISTO»

This section reports on an interview with US Navy officer David Fravor, published in The New York Times. Fravor recounts an encounter in 2004 with an unidentified flying object (UFO) off the coast of California. He and his wingman, Jim Slaight, were on a training mission when they were directed to investigate strange aerial contacts. The object appeared to be about 12 meters long, oval-shaped, and moved erratically, hovering just meters above the water. When Fravor descended towards it, the object rapidly ascended and accelerated away at an unprecedented speed, leaving Fravor astonished. The article also mentions that the USS Princeton had been tracking similar objects that appeared at high altitudes, descended towards the sea, and then disappeared from radar.

Article 3: OVNIS Y SUS ARISTAS EXCENTRICAS

This part features a humorous letter written in 1947 to U.S. President Harry Truman by a man from Villa María, Argentina. The letter, preserved in the Truman Library, playfully explains the phenomenon of "flying plates" (UFOs) as being caused by his wife throwing plates at him during an argument. He humorously requests their return, as buying new ones would be too expensive.

Article 4: CAZADORES SE TOPAN CON HEMBRA EXTRATERRESTRE EMBARAZADA

This article details an alleged encounter by hunters on an island in Entre Ríos, Argentina, with a mysterious creature approximately 1.70 meters tall. The creature, described as a mix of bird and mammal, reportedly attacked the men and was shot. Local residents claim UFOs have been seen in the area. The creature was reportedly pregnant and its body was allegedly taken for study. The investigation was conducted by the group Visión Ovni.

Article 5: EL YETI,¿UN OSO? NO, POR FAVOR...

This section discusses a scientific study led by Charlotte Lindqvist, a biology professor at the University of Buffalo, which analyzed supposed yeti remains. The study concluded that the samples belonged to various local bear species and a dog, not a yeti. The author expresses skepticism about the study's methodology, suggesting that the samples may have been contaminated and the analysis protocols altered. Despite the study's findings, the author maintains that the yeti is still alive.

Article 6: MONSTRUOS: ¿POR QUÉ NECESITAMOS CREARLOS?

This section explores the human need to create monsters, referencing the documentary "The Frankenstein Complex." It discusses how monsters reflect our fears and serve as a way to understand ourselves and the world. The article highlights the evolution of monster creation in cinema, from early practical effects like makeup and animatronics to modern digital animation. It features insights from special effects professionals and directors like Guillermo del Toro, John Landis, and Steve Johnson, who explain their motivations and the creative process behind bringing mythical creatures to life.

Article 7: EL UCU – EL YETI DE LOS ANDES

This article describes the 'Ucu' or 'Ukuku', a mythological humanoid creature said to inhabit the Andes mountains in South America. Similar to the Yeti, it is described as large, hairy, and walking upright. The article recounts encounters with the Ucu, noting that they are rarely pleasant. It suggests that the Ucu might be a type of spectacled bear, given its habitat and characteristics, and that the name 'Ucu' itself may mean 'bear' in an indigenous language.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of the unexplained, UFO sightings, cryptozoology, and the human fascination with the unknown and monstrous. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these subjects, presenting eyewitness accounts, scientific studies (with critical commentary), and cultural explorations of fear and myth. There is a clear interest in documenting and analyzing phenomena that lie outside conventional understanding, whether they be aerial anomalies, cryptids, or the psychological constructs of monsters.

This issue of the magazine, identified by the number 21, features a prominent cover story titled "EL MUKI: EL DUENDE DE LOS ANDES ES MÁS QUE UNA LEYENDA" (The Muqui: The Dwarf of the Andes is More Than a Legend). The magazine explores various folklore, cryptozoological, and paranormal accounts.

El Muki: The Andean Mine Dwarf

The article "El Muki: El Duende de los Andes es Más Que Una Leyenda" introduces the Muqui as a mining spirit deeply connected to the underground world. It is believed to influence the destiny of miners, rewarding or punishing them. Similar legends of small beings in mines exist across Europe and globally, highlighting the universal nature of such folklore.

The name 'Muqui' is linked to the Quechua word 'murik' ('he who suffocates'), possibly alluding to the lethal gas silicosis found in mines. Another interpretation suggests 'mukiq' ('the act of twisting' or 'strangling'), also related to silicosis. A third etymology connects it to 'muki', meaning 'humid' or 'humidity,' reflecting its presence in damp areas. Regional variations of the name exist, such as 'chinchilico' or 'tío' in Arequipa, 'anchancho' in Puno, and 'jusshi' in Cajamarca.

Descriptions of the Muqui are consistent across the Andean region. It is depicted as a small, stout being, rarely exceeding one meter in height, with a disproportionate build and a duck-like gait. Its head is directly attached to its torso, lacking a neck. It has long, bright blond hair, a reddish face, and a long, whitish beard. Its voice is grave and hoarse, contrasting with its stature. Its gaze is described as aggressive, penetrating, and hypnotic. Some traditions mention two small horns used for breaking rocks and locating mineral veins. The Muqui is said to wear miner's attire, including rubber boots, a vicuña wool poncho, and a helmet, and previously used a carbide lamp, now an electric one. It also wears a 'shicullo' (horsehair rope) around its waist. It can transform into an animal or a white, blond man to deceive miners.

The Muqui is known for playing pranks, such as waking sleeping miners by throwing pebbles at their heads. It is blamed for strange noises, lost tools, and the inexplicable change in direction of mineral veins. Conversely, it can emit powerful whistles to warn of danger, saving miners it favors. It is also described as communicative, even appearing in dreams.

If a miner audaciously attempts to capture a Muqui with a 'shicullo', the dwarf is compelled to work for the miner or yield a large amount of gold. The Muqui possesses immense power, capable of hindering work as punishment or making it easier by softening mineral veins, depending on its disposition towards a miner. It enforces pacts and punishes those who break them. Its payment is typically coca leaves and alcohol.

The article recounts legends, such as one involving thirteen miners in a mine who heard pickaxe sounds after resting. The chief sent a man to investigate, who returned screaming about a horned dwarf. The miners found nothing, and the chief sent the man on vacation.

Another story tells of Don Demetrio, a widower with an eight-year-old son, Amaru. When Amaru was late returning from fetching water, Don Demetrio found him playing with a Muqui. Don Demetrio captured the Muqui with his 'shicullo', and in exchange for its freedom, the Muqui promised to work for him, making Don Demetrio the wealthiest miner in his region.

Other Hairy Bipeds on Planet Earth

The magazine also includes a section titled "OTROS BÍPEDOS PELUDOS EN EL PLANETA, SEGÚN LEYENDAS, MITOLOGÍA Y TESTIMONIOS DIVERSOS INCLUIDOS" (Other Hairy Bipeds on the Planet, According to Legends, Mythology, and Various Testimonies Included). This section lists various cryptids from different regions:

• Achi, Vasitri y Kanimas (Venezuela): Described as ill-tempered carnivores.
• Agogwe (Mozambique and Ivory Coast): A small biped, 1.2 meters tall, covered in pinkish hair.
• Agropelter (Canada - USA): Ape-like, 1 meter tall.
• Almas (Mongolia and Russia): Described as generally short, covered in camel-like hair, with long arms, pointed ears, and a protuberance at the back of the neck.
• Amomongo (Philippines): Humanoid ape.
• Wudewasa (Europe): Etymology and semiotics of the wild man.
• Yeti (Nepal and Himalayas): Known as 'Jigou' or 'Migou' in Tibetan.
• Yahoo (Australia): A monster inhabiting New South Wales and Queensland.
• Yosi o Yoshil (Argentina): From Patagonia, described as muscular vegetarians with short hair, sometimes covered in skins, and generally peaceful.
• Yowie (Australia): A giant, hairy creature. Rex Gilroy has compiled three thousand sightings since 1795.
• Zana (Caucasus): Yeti woman.

El Pájaro Tue-Tue: Immersed in the Beliefs of the Southern People

This section discusses the legend of the "mysterious bird" known as the "Pájaro Tue-Tue" (Tue-Tue Bird) from southern Chile. The legend is deeply ingrained in the beliefs of many people, with numerous reports from reliable sources confirming its existence. The phenomenon is associated with witchcraft and has consequences.

The classic story attributes the Tue-Tue bird to the soul of a witch leaving her body to fly at night and meet with others in secret. These gatherings are for discussing spells and cures. The birds are considered bad omens, and pranks are discouraged. It is said that on cold, rainy nights, they would gather in a specific tree in Machalí to share their witchcraft. They are said to cry "rué, tué" while flying. If someone throws mineral salt into a fire while they are flying, they fall and continue crying until the person recites three Hail Marys.

Another belief is that if someone invites the bird by saying, "come tomorrow, I'll wait to serve you a rich 'once' (afternoon snack)", the invited person will later appear transformed into an old man, an old woman, or a young person, stating they have come for the 'once' as invited.

It is believed that these transformed individuals leave their bodies behind, with only their heads flying. Some claim to have seen decapitated bodies, but never the flying spirits. Those who practice these 'super-witchcrafts' live humbly but raise black cats or dogs as protection against the evils they face from other witches.

Recopilaciones - Trabajo en Terreno: Two Encounters with a Strange Animal

This section details two encounters with an unidentified animal, investigated by Raúl Gajardo Leopold. The reports are from Cristian John Muñoz Saez.

First Encounter (Mid-December, recent past):

Cristian John Muñoz Saez, along with his friends Alicia Arevena and Francisco Ortiz Pacheco, were near El Mirador, south of Angol, Chile, on a dirt road adjacent to Fundo El Litre. Around 11:00 PM, they noticed a large, black, quiet bundle under a bush near a fence. They threw pebbles at it, and the "animal" stood up, grunting, and walked erect, swaying, about 15 meters away before entering Fundo El Litre through a gate. They heard branches breaking as it moved into the pine forest.

Muñoz estimated the creature to be 1.50 to 1.70 meters tall, erect, with short arms, and a massive build. Its head was large, and its shoulders were prominent. It walked slowly, as if dragging its feet. He described it as resembling an erect bear or a large ape. He believed it was not aggressive, despite its size, and suggested it might be peaceful or timid, possibly vegetarian, and that it might inhabit the surrounding areas.

Second Encounter (March 30, recent past):

Muñoz had a similar experience at the same location, El Mirador, around 9:00 PM. It was cloudy and windy. He saw the same "strange animal" under a bush near the fence, about 8-10 meters away. He threw two pebbles, and the animal stood up, emitting hoarse grunts similar to a cat or feline but deeper. Muñoz, who is 1.80 meters tall, estimated the creature to be of similar height, massive, black, and hairy. It stood on its hind legs with its short arms held close to its chest. It then walked about 5 meters, jumped cleanly over the barbed wire fence (which was about 1.20 meters high), and disappeared into the eucalyptus and pine forest. He heard the rhythmic sound of its steps and breaking branches.

Investigator's Notes:

During a reconstruction, it was established that the top barbed wire was 1.20 meters high, with a slight drop of less than half a meter, making the effective jump height around 1.50 meters. No hairs were found that could belong to the animal. The investigator noted that the animal's legs were of normal length relative to its body, and its arms were short. It did not show any intention to attack. The animal's gait was described as swaying. The investigator also noted that the animal seemed to seek out places where people gather for socializing, drinking, and music.

Additional Reports:

The report includes references to other related cases:

• Informe 1.062 (June 21, 2005): Social Visitor Lili Inostroza Pinilla reported witnessing a fight between a dog and a "strange animal" near Deuco, Chile, on February 26, 2005. They heard growls and the sound of breaking branches as the animal escaped.
• Informe 1.064 (July 4, 2005): Jose Cea Benavides reported an encounter with a strange animal on October 20, 2004, in the Deuco sector. The animal was described as 1.50 meters tall, massive, with short arms, and covered in long, dark fur about 10 cm long. It was peaceful and retreated into a pine forest. Its snout was long, and its ears were pointed. Its steps made the ground tremble. This description matches the previous ones, and the animal has been reported in the same area since September 2004.

The report mentions that photographs and sketches of the location will be included. A note explains that the original format and typing style of the field notebooks have been preserved to maintain the authentic feel of the investigation. The author, a retired Major of Carabineros, is commended for his detailed work. The report also indicates that other related reports will be published in future issues.

Paranormal Events: Ghosts in the Museum

This section discusses paranormal occurrences at the Museum of La Plata. It begins by mentioning the indigenous people who lived in the museum's basements and whose remains were eventually returned. However, some believe their souls still linger.

Stories recount strange events that began shortly after the museum's construction, attributed to the restless spirit of Cacique Inacayal, who died there. Reports include drawers moving on their own, employees feeling sudden chills, hearing Inakayal whispering and cursing in his native tongue. Former caretaker Roque Díaz recounts instances of hearing someone knock on doors when no one was present. These strange noises caused some night watchmen to resign. Footsteps are also heard in the basement corridors.

One incident involved people from the Fundación Francisco P. Moreno getting locked in a laboratory overnight, with the door inexplicably slamming shut and jamming the handle.

Besides Inacayal, another ghost, "Gabino," is said to inhabit the museum. Employees and former workers have heard knocks on doors, and if doors or windows open unexpectedly, they attribute it to "Gabino being active today."

The myth of Gabino's spirit later merged with that of Inacayal, leading to uncertainty about whether there is one ghost or two. Roque Díaz believes Gabino was a stealthy person who moved around without being noticed.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of the unexplained, including folklore creatures like El Muki, cryptids such as the hairy bipeds, and paranormal phenomena like ghosts and unexplained animal encounters. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting and presenting these accounts, often with a focus on witness testimonies and investigative efforts, while maintaining a degree of neutrality regarding definitive proof. The inclusion of historical legends alongside contemporary reports suggests an interest in the enduring nature of mystery and the supernatural across different cultures and time periods.

This issue of 'Diario El Día de La Plata', dated November 30 and December 1, 2017, and identified as volume 31, delves into historical and cultural narratives concerning indigenous peoples in Argentina and their complex relationship with museums and societal perceptions.

The History of Prisoners at the Museo de La Plata

The lead article details the controversial episode of twelve indigenous individuals, including the Tehuelche cacique Modesto Inacayal, who were brought to live at the Museo de La Plata by its director, Perito Moreno, shortly before its inauguration. These individuals, captured during the 'campaign of the desert', were housed in the museum's sub-basement, tasked with construction and cleaning during the day, and confined at night. The article highlights the tragic deaths of five of these indigenous people within a month around 1887, including Inacayal's daughter and wife, and Inacayal himself. Their bodies were prepared for exhibition without autopsies. The text also touches upon the mystery of an unidentified skeleton found in a museum cistern in 2007. Theories about Inacayal's death range from suicide due to captivity to an accidental fall during a ritual. The article notes the eventual restitution of Inacayal's remains to Tecka, Chubut, in 1994, and further discoveries of his remains in 2015.

The 'Crying Child' of the Rosario Cemetery

Another significant piece focuses on the popular devotion to Carmelo Rojas, known as 'El Niño que Llora' (The Crying Child), in the Cementerio del Rosario in San Luis. Rojas, who died at 14 in 1940 from a gunshot wound, is believed to possess miraculous powers, with devotees seeking his intercession for healing, work, and other favors. The article explores the mystery surrounding his death, the persistent belief in his miracles, and the differing opinions on whether his tomb's condensation is natural or supernatural. It also includes a brief explanation of the difference between a miracle and a grace from a priest.

Beliefs and Legends of the Onas

The magazine features an extensive section on the beliefs and legends of the Ona (Selk'nam) people, attributed to Leslie Füssel and Orlando Lizama Díaz. It discusses their concept of a supreme being, TEMUAKEL, and other spirits. The article explains their creation myths, including the origin of certain birds and the prohibition of incest, drawing from oral traditions and ethnographic research. It also touches upon their social structure and the role of shamans (xo'on) in their society, particularly the elaborate 'Hain' ceremony.

Other Peoples of Patagonia

Brief descriptions are provided for other indigenous groups of Patagonia, including the Tehuelches (Patagones), Onas (Selk'nam), Yaganes (Yamanes), Haush, and Maneken. It highlights their physical characteristics, hunting practices, and unique cultural aspects, noting the eventual extinction of the Selk'nam and the disappearance of the Haush.

Human Zoos: The Shameful 'Exportation' of Chileans

A critical article by Pedro Rivas Roth exposes the historical exploitation of indigenous peoples through 'Human Zoos'. It details how individuals from groups like the Tehuelches and Selk'nam were taken to Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to be exhibited in spectacles, often under exploitative conditions. The article mentions the case of a Selk'nam boy named Calafate and the later repatriation of indigenous remains found in European institutions. It questions whether society has truly changed, suggesting that while overt aberrations like human zoos are no longer accepted, subtler forms of discrimination persist.

Zoological Humans: The Shameful 'Exportation' of Chileans (Continued)

This section continues the discussion on 'Human Zoos', detailing the experiences of indigenous peoples, including Selk'nam and Tehuelches, who were exhibited in Europe. It highlights the harsh conditions, diseases, and abuses they suffered. The article mentions the work of ethnographers like Martin Gusinde and the research that led to the repatriation of indigenous remains. It also touches upon the film 'Calafate' and the discovery of Kawésqar remains, leading to their repatriation and a ceremony in Tierra del Fuego.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently addresses themes of cultural heritage, historical injustices against indigenous peoples, the role of museums in preserving and displaying human remains, and the enduring power of folklore and belief systems. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical historical reflection, aiming to shed light on past abuses and cultural misunderstandings, while also exploring the persistence of faith and legend in contemporary society. The magazine highlights the importance of understanding and respecting indigenous cultures and acknowledges the ongoing impact of historical events on present-day communities.

This issue of "SECTOR DE OPINIONES" (Sector of Opinions) from IIEE, dated EC N° 84-2016, published in Spain, delves into a variety of intriguing topics ranging from historical indigenous cultures and contemporary social issues in Chile to extraterrestrial phenomena and folklore.

Indigenous Peoples and Social Issues in Chile

The issue begins with a discussion of the Alacalufes and Kawésqar peoples, noting the historical confusion in their terminology and the limited studies available. It mentions archaeological findings dating back 6,000 years BC and describes their physical characteristics, habits, and tools, citing sources like Dominique Legoupil and Juan de Ladrillo. The text also touches upon their perceived taciturn and sad nature, with some missionaries describing them as treacherous and deceitful.

Following this, an article titled "REFLEXIONES SOBRE LA SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN CHILE" (Reflections on the Current Situation of Indigenous Peoples in Chile) presents data from the CASEN survey, indicating 1,565,915 indigenous people belonging to nine recognized ethnicities. It highlights that despite increased valuation of these cultures, political and media attention has been dominated by indigenous violence in the south, overshadowing their actual needs. The article points out that indigenous households are more prone to poverty. The Mapuche conflict is specifically addressed, characterized by radicalized groups using violence, leading to widespread despair. The perceived crisis in political leadership is noted for its failure to curb this violence, with the Araucanía region being particularly affected by numerous violent incidents and fires.

Extraterrestrial Encounters and Global Politics

The "SECTOR DE OPINIONES" section features an article by Ramón Navia-Osorio reflecting on the current state of the world, questioning if humanity is truly united or if external forces are at play. It recalls Ronald Reagan's 1985 proposal to unite against an extraterrestrial enemy. The article highlights a recent statement by Russian Prime Minister Medvedev to President Obama, urging the communication of extraterrestrial existence to the world, with Russia prepared to do so if the US does not. The author speculates on the reasons for this timing and questions whether human leaders are truly in control or if external agents are influencing world events.

Salvador Freixedo contributes an article discussing the common knowledge of extraterrestrial visitation and criticizes the tendency to view UFOs as merely curious phenomena without significant influence on human lives. He argues for a radical shift in understanding the universe, comparing national differences to the vast distances between celestial bodies and suggesting that official science is lagging in accepting concepts like wormholes and interdimensional portals.

Literature and Folklore

"EL SACAPUNTAS" (The Pencil Sharpener) section reviews Javier Sierra's series "Otros Mundos" (Other Worlds), questioning the originality of the title and suggesting potential influences from sponsors or radio programs. Julián Lenguaraz expresses a sentiment that little has changed in terms of egocentrism and personal promotion within these themes.

A bibliography entry highlights Antoni Ribera's 1966 book "De cara al futur" (Facing the Future), described as a "lost or unusual" book presented recently on social media. It is available for purchase in Spain for 10-15 euros.

Personal Reflections and Encounters

"MOMENTOS DEL AÑO 2017 QUE NO VOLVERAN" (Moments of the Year 2017 That Will Not Return) features photographs and brief descriptions of gatherings and encounters, including a visit to the IIEE in Spain's central office in Barcelona in 2017, and a testimony at the IIEE involving Carlos Gutiérrez T., an investigator, sharing a pizza with a colleague in Barcelona.

Further images depict various individuals and locations, including a visit by Jomel, Ramón Navia, and Raúl Núñez in Conesa, Tarragona, and a meeting with Sixto Paz and the director of NOUFA. Other photos show scenes in Barcelona, such as the Fuente de Canaletas, and the village of Conesa.

Anomalous Curiosities and Fantastic Zoology

An article titled "El vuelo fantasmal de Charles A. Lindbergh" (The Ghostly Flight of Charles A. Lindbergh) recounts extraordinary moments during Lindbergh's 1927 transatlantic flight. During a period of dense fog, Lindbergh experienced an out-of-body sensation, feeling his consciousness detach from his body. He describes this as a connection maintained by a thin, delicate cable. While acknowledging that fatigue might explain these visions, Lindbergh states that the more he experiences, the more limited he finds rationality.

"MUNDO FANTASTICO SOBRE DUENDES" (Fantastic World About Goblins) explores the folklore of 'Duendes' (goblins), describing them as small, nocturnal, masculine beings, some helpful and others mischievous. They are said to bother single women and the devout, and can possess houses, causing disturbances. The article also references Félix Coluccio's "Diccionario Folklórico Argentino" and Efraín Morote Best's "Estudio sobre el Duende," noting variations in their names and appearances across different regions.

"ZOOLOGIA FANTASTICA MAPUCHE" (Mapuche Fantastic Zoology) focuses on the 'Piuchén' (also known as Peuchén, Pihuchén, etc.), a creature from Mapuche mythology. It is described as a vampire-like being that sucks blood, similar to the Chupacabras. The Piuchén is depicted as a giant, terrifying vampire or a flying, quadrupedal serpent with humanoid traits, covered in grass and twisted cylinders. It is said to possess supernatural powers, be nocturnal, live in coastal forests, and have immense physical strength, capable of felling trees and creating large waves. Its presence is indicated by reddish excrement on tree trunks and strident whistles. The creature is said to transform into a bird in old age and feeds on blood, often attaching itself to trees.

Photography and Letters to the Editor

"LA FOTOGRAFIA" (Photography) section features a visit to the IIEE in Chile in late 2017, mentioning David Álvarez, an articulate writer and editor of "DOGMACERO."

"CARTAS AL DIRECTOR" (Letters to the Director) includes a letter from Alejandro G. Brunell Carrasco of Puente Alto, Chile, expressing strong opinions about ufologists and TV personalities, whom he labels as charlatans and liars. He questions why his comments have not been published, suspecting censorship. Raúl Núñez responds, explaining that Brunell's comments were omitted due to their offensive language and personal attacks. Núñez clarifies that while they may criticize certain personalities ironically, they do not act as judges or moral arbiters and require concrete proof for accusations. He advises Brunell to avoid programs he dislikes and suggests publishing his comments once his "inner adrenaline" calms down, noting that censorship is almost non-existent in Chile, though bad taste persists.

Ufological Humor

The issue concludes with "HUMOR UFOLOGICO" (Ufological Humor), featuring cartoons. One cartoon depicts aliens on Mars holding signs that read "GO HOME IMMIGRANTS FOR MARS IS OURS." Another cartoon shows aliens discussing creation by God, with one remarking, "I thought you were a joke."