NOUFA - No 32 - 2015

Magazine Overview

Title: Noticiero Ufológico Autónomo
Issue: Nº 32 – BD – Noufa2
Date: 02 – 03 – 2015

This issue of the "Noticiero Ufológico Autónomo" (Autonomous Ufological Newsletter) is dedicated to the intriguing theme of "LAS MAQUINAS DE LOS DIOSES" (The Machines of the Gods), exploring ancient technologies, unexplained phenomena, and mythological concepts.

Editorial

The editorial, penned by Raúl Núñez, marks this as the first issue of the year. He briefly mentions the IV Edition of the Maipú Municipal event focused on 'ABDUCTIONS,' noting their non-attendance and a general sentiment that discussing certain topics less is often better. He highlights that the "pseudo-heterodox unionism" was present, along with an international guest. The editorial also touches upon the third event, for which photos were taken. Núñez states that the magazine will continue with new themes and unfinished investigations, including a focus on the enigmatic architect Antonio Gaudí and his architectural work, hoping to spark interest in younger readers.

Content Highlights

Las Máquinas de los Dioses

This section presents reconstructions and discussions of ancient artifacts and concepts that suggest advanced technology:

• The Mana Machine: A reconstruction by Sassoon, based on descriptions from the Kabbalah.
• Ark of the Covenant: A reproduction based on the reconstruction by the Ancient Astronauts Society.
• Vimanas: Described as flying vehicles from ancient Hindu texts, resembling 'flying cities.' The issue features two Vimanas, according to engineer A. Kasantsev, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with one resembling a craft from science fiction.

El Concepto Mana en la Biblia

This article delves into the biblical account of the Mana, the food provided to the Israelites in the desert. It details the divine promise, the daily collection (with double on Saturdays), and the miraculous appearance of quail and the Mana itself. The Mana is described as having the appearance of small, white scales like frost, about 5 millimeters in diameter, transparent and consistent like bdellium, with a taste comparable to honey cakes or oil cakes. Modern rationalist interpretations are discussed, suggesting it might be a secretion from the Tamariz gallica shrub or a type of lichen (Lecanora esculenta) or truffle (terfecía leonis). However, the article concludes that these natural explanations do not align with the regularity and abundance required to feed the multitude of Israelites for years.

¿Tecnología Divina?

This piece examines biblical descriptions of objects that could be interpreted as technological. The Ark of the Covenant is highlighted, with its construction details from Exodus 25:10. The article mentions its importance to the Levite tribe and its placement in Solomon's Temple. It speculates on the contents of the Ark, including Moses' staff, a vessel of Mana, and the Ten Commandments tablets. The text discusses the debate among biblical scholars and modern thinkers, with some, like Robert Charroux, suggesting it could have been a powerful electric capacitor or a transmitter for direct communication with God. The article also references a 15th-century codex describing the death of Uzzah for touching the Ark, and Ezekiel's vision, which is illustrated as resembling a UFO.

Las Armas Letales de los Dioses

This section lists and describes various powerful weapons mentioned in Indian epic and sacred texts, suggesting a sophisticated, futuristic warfare among deities:

• Brahmasirsha: An immensely powerful weapon capable of destroying the world.
• Narayanastra: A weapon of Vishnu that could generate storms and hurricanes.
• Agniastra: Agni's weapon, capable of destroying an entire army with fire.
• Durgastra: Durga's weapon, designed to turn demonic troops to ashes.
• Vaishnastra: Considered the most fearsome weapon in the Mahabharata, guaranteeing invincibility.
• Indrastra: Associated with a missile, leaving a fiery trail like a comet.
• Saila: A weapon capable of defeating hurricanes.
• Shakti: A portable missile.
• Third eye of Shiva: Capable of emitting a flaming ray to pulverize enemies.
• Sthunakarma: A seismic weapon capable of generating earthquakes.
• Vajra: Indra's lightning weapon.
• Mohana: Described as ultrasonic.
• Vayavyastra: Uses a compressed air hydraulic system.
• Trisula: Shiva's trident, comparable to a flamethrower.

La Hipótesis de Hancock

This article discusses Graham Hancock's theories regarding the Ark of the Covenant and the Holy Grail. Hancock believes the Ark was a powerful, gold-covered electric capacitor, built using advanced knowledge passed down from a lost Atlantean civilization. He suggests Moses was initiated into these mysteries in Egypt. Hancock also links the Ark to the Holy Grail, noting the Virgin Mary's association with both, and proposes the Ark-Grial is located in Axum, Ethiopia, in the church of Santa María de Sión.

La Misteriosa Esfera Negra que Surcó el Cielo de Madrid Durante el Verano de 1955

This report details a significant UFO sighting on July 14, 1955, in Madrid. Doctors West and Ellis, an American physician and an experienced pilot, observed a perfect black sphere approaching rapidly. Initially mistaken for a bird, its size increased, and its nature became clear. The object moved swiftly eastward and disappeared. The testimony was deemed credible by air intelligence experts, though analysis of photographs provided by Dr. Ellis yielded no significant data. The incident is part of a large release of US government UFO case files.

"Tinaja Voladora" Sobre la Mancha

This piece recounts an earlier anomalous aerial event from February 14, 1826, in Campo de Criptana, Spain. A 'fire globe' of extraordinary magnitude, described as a large overturned jar, was seen descending obliquely, leaving a smoke trail. Its light was so bright it was dazzling. While witnesses believed it fell nearby, its exact fate remains unknown, with no trace found, suggesting it may have vanished in the air.

Criptozoología: El Hombre Bestia de Trincomalee

This article explores the phenomenon of cryptozoology, focusing on the 'man-beast of Trincomalee.' It discusses the general skepticism towards the existence of undiscovered species but notes the increasing number of similar witness descriptions worldwide. Famous examples like the Loch Ness Monster and Yeti are mentioned. The report details an encounter by Salvador Martínez, an anthropologist, with a hairy, humanoid creature on a beach in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, on August 18, 1984. Martínez described the being as walking strangely and covered in long hair. The article also touches upon the phenomenon of 'wild children' in India, citing cases like Ramu, the 'wolf boy,' who exhibited animalistic behaviors and had significant developmental delays.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of ancient texts, mythology, and potential advanced technologies, often framing these as evidence of ancient astronauts or lost civilizations. There is a clear interest in unexplained aerial phenomena (UFOs) and cryptozoological reports. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these subjects, presenting various theories and witness accounts without necessarily endorsing them as definitive truth, but rather as subjects worthy of investigation. The publication seems to lean towards a perspective that challenges conventional historical and scientific narratives, suggesting a hidden history involving advanced technologies and non-human intelligence.

This issue of Revista UFO, identified as issue number 11, focuses on a variety of mysterious and intriguing topics, ranging from unexplained deaths and archaeological discoveries to architectural projects and film reviews. The cover prominently features the headline "EL CASO DEL MATRIMONIO DESANGRADO EN TIERRAS DE MAGALLANES" (The Case of the Bloodless Couple in Magallanes), authored by Eugenio Bahamonde.

The Case of the Bloodless Couple in Magallanes

Eugenio Bahamonde recounts a perplexing case from 1977-1978 in Punta Arenas, Chile, initially involving the mutilation of cattle, a phenomenon not yet widely known as "chupacabras." A local resident named Juan experienced the repeated deaths of his rabbits, found without any blood. Despite attempts to restart his rabbit breeding, the mysterious deaths continued. Juan, seeking to uncover the truth, invited his girlfriend to stay with him on his property over a weekend. When they failed to return, their families became concerned. Upon investigation, the couple was found dead in their cabin, naked, having vomited and defecated, with one appearing to have died in terror. The police initially suspected gas asphyxiation, but this theory was disproven due to the cabin's ventilation. Autopsy results revealed that both bodies were completely devoid of blood, deepening the mystery. The author notes that the police eventually abandoned the investigation due to a lack of leads. The case is later linked to the possibility of Chupacabras activity.

Archaeological Findings from El Mirador Cave

The issue also presents findings from a study conducted by Patricia Martín of the Instituto Catalán de Paleoecología Humana y Evolución Social (Iphes) on human remains found in the El Mirador cave in Atapuerca, Spain. The study, based on cut marks and human bite evidence on animal bones, indicates that humans living in the cave between 7,200 and 3,100 years ago included domesticated dog and cat, as well as wild fox and badger, in their diet. The cave was used as a pen for sheep and cattle. The article highlights the unusual practice of dismembering, deboning, fracturing, and boiling dog bones, a practice observed in both Neolithic and Bronze Age levels. Possible explanations include periods of hunger, scarcity, or a special consideration for dog meat, with some cultures viewing it as a delicacy. The consumption of wild cats and badgers was more limited and also involved boiling.

Antoni Gaudí's Chilean Project

Another significant section details Antoni Gaudí's unrealized architectural projects, focusing on a chapel designed for Rancagua, Chile. This project, initiated in 1909 by Franciscan friar Angélico Aranda, who met Gaudí in Barcelona, was intended to be a "place of forgiveness" dedicated to Santa María de Los Ángeles. Although Gaudí initially resisted due to his commitments to the Sagrada Familia, he eventually agreed to design a chapel similar to one he had planned for the Sagrada Familia's apse. The project, which includes a 30-meter-high chapel, was revived by the Corporación Cultural Gaudí de Triana and received a definitive endorsement from Chilean President Michelle Bachelet. The chapel, designed to be earthquake-proof and constructed of stone and reinforced concrete, was scheduled for inauguration in 2017, making it Gaudí's only building outside of Spain. The project also includes a cultural center, art school, cafeteria, and a multi-faith prayer space. The article notes Gaudí's wish for the chapel to be completed before the Sagrada Familia and emphasizes the potential tourism and economic benefits for Rancagua.

Film Review: Invasion of the Body Snatchers

The magazine includes a review of the 1956 science fiction film "Invasion of the Body Snatchers," directed by Don Siebel and starring Kevin McCarthy and Dana Winter. The film is praised as a pioneering work in the alien invasion genre and is considered one of the best films of 1956. The review highlights its suspenseful plot, where a doctor in a small town discovers that inhabitants are being replaced by emotionless alien duplicates, leading to a growing sense of isolation and paranoia for the protagonist. The film is adapted from Jack Finney's novel "The Body Snatchers."

Brief Biography of Antoni Gaudí

A brief biography of Antoni Gaudí is provided, detailing his birth in Reus, Spain, in 1852 and his architectural studies in Barcelona. It highlights his modernist style, his early collaborations, and his most famous work, the Sagrada Familia, which occupied him for most of his life. The biography also touches upon his patronage by Count Eusebi Güell and his distinctive architectural elements, such as curved forms, dynamic designs, artisan decoration techniques, and the use of colorful ceramic mosaics.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Revista UFO showcases a strong interest in unexplained phenomena, particularly mysterious deaths and potential extraterrestrial or cryptid involvement (Chupacabras). It also demonstrates an appreciation for historical and archaeological research, as well as architectural innovation. The editorial stance appears to be one of investigative curiosity, presenting detailed accounts of cases and findings while acknowledging the enigmatic nature of many of the subjects discussed. The inclusion of a film review suggests a broader interest in how science fiction themes are explored in popular culture.

This issue of NOUFA, a publication focused on ufology and related phenomena, presents a diverse range of articles. It includes discussions on architectural esotericism, near-death experiences, a significant conspiracy theory concerning South America, and a detailed UFO case study.

The Esotericism of Gaudí

The first major section delves into the esoteric messages and magical elements purportedly embedded in the works of architect Antoni Gaudí. The article notes that while Gaudí was recognized in his time, his innovative genius was not universally accepted until decades later. His works are described as containing an impenetrable hermeticism, blending sacred symbols and allegories. The text suggests that Gaudí's parents came from a lineage of coppersmiths and that Masonic symbols, such as the triangle with a watchful eye, appear in his family's history. It also references the presence of secret societies like the Carbonari and Freemasons in Reus during the 19th century, linking them to Gaudí's artistic themes. The article highlights a dragon cult in Park Güell and the facade of the Passion in the Sagrada Familia, noting a magic square designed by Josep Maria Subirachs with a constant of 33, which corresponds to Masonic degrees and the age of Christ. The piece also mentions a chapel being built in Parque Catalunya in Rancagua, Chile, as a surprising connection to Gaudí's influence.

Gaudí's death is recounted: he was run over by a tram in Barcelona, reportedly carrying dried fruits and a fragment of the Apocalypse of Saint John. His final quote on intelligence contrasts human intelligence (two-dimensional, solving equations) with angelic intelligence (three-dimensional, unfolding through space).

Sector de Opiniones: "El periodismo de campo no debería perderse. Sin duda, han afectado sobremanera las nuevas tecnologías"

This section features an interview with Moisés Garrido Vázquez, who discusses the state of ufology. He believes there are solid, though not conclusive, evidences for the reality of the UFO phenomenon. He observes a decline in active investigators and groups compared to the past, attributing it partly to a lack of new ideas and an over-focus on the extraterrestrial hypothesis. While acknowledging that new technologies make information accessible, he argues they have also hindered field investigation and reduced our capacity for original research. Vázquez suggests that the UFO phenomenon is cyclical and that interest could be reignited by a new wave of sightings.

Esceptico Neurocirujano Después del Coma: "Vía Dios y el Paraíso"

This article reports on the experience of Eben Alexander, a skeptical neurosurgeon from the US, who claims to have visited paradise and seen God after a week-long coma due to bacterial meningitis. Despite a low chance of recovery, he regained consciousness and described his experience as life-changing, helping him understand the brain, mind, and consciousness better. He recounts seeing a valley filled with life, dancing souls, and golden orbs. Initially skeptical, Alexander believed near-death experiences were hallucinations caused by brain trauma. However, his own experience, which science cannot fully explain, led him to question his previous beliefs. The article also touches upon the study by Sam Parnia from the University of Southampton, which found that nearly 40% of cardiac arrest survivors experienced some consciousness during clinical death, challenging the notion that the brain ceases to function immediately.

Mensajes del Más Allá ¿Es Posible?

This piece explores the controversial topic of communication between the living and the deceased, a concept prevalent since the mid-19th century with the rise of spiritualism. It notes the historical practice of séances attracting high society, but also mentions instances of fraud. The article highlights the Ouija board as a modern tool, but warns of its potential dangers. It then revisits the experience of Dr. Eben Alexander, noting that his scientific background lends credibility to the topic. The section includes an anecdote about a young woman who had a vivid dream of her deceased, atheist grandfather, who told her that there is indeed a beautiful afterlife, suggesting that such messages from beyond are possible.

¿Tiene Solución el Problema?

Written by Ariel Rosales, this article questions the nature of the UFO phenomenon and our approach to studying it. Rosales suggests that perhaps we are overemphasizing the importance of UFOs or deceiving ourselves. He proposes that for practitioners of Zen or Sufism, the absurdity of UFOs is accepted without needing explanation, leading to inner tranquility. He argues that the UFO problem is fundamentally a human and personal one, rather than external or extraterrestrial, and that its solution lies in the maturation of human consciousness. He concludes that when the necessary maturity is reached, the enigma will be understood, leading to a cosmic laugh at its underlying simplicity.

El Plan Andinia

This extensive section details a conspiracy theory known as 'El Plan Andinia,' which alleges that Jewish Zionists intend to take over Patagonia in Argentina and Chile. The article claims that Argentine military forces possess valuable information on this plan, unlike their Chilean counterparts. It posits the existence of a hidden 'world power' controlled by Jews, influencing global finance, ideology, and political leaders. The Vatican and Freemasonry are identified as instruments of this power, working in conjunction with high finance, Marxism, and terrorism. The theory suggests that the plan involves creating a 'New Israel' or 'New Judah' in Patagonia. The article claims that the plan aims to provoke territorial conflicts between Argentina and Chile, leading to their indebtedness and weakening their military alliances, particularly through Freemasonry's infiltration. It asserts that Israel profits by selling arms to both sides. The theory further suggests that social democracy is being used to facilitate communism and the 'Koreanization' of South America, leading to a 'federalized' Jewish state in Patagonia. The article criticizes the current governments as puppets of this hidden power and calls for Chilean and Argentine nationalists to unite against this perceived threat. It mentions the assassination attempt on Chilean President Pinochet as an effort to hinder the plan. The text also touches upon the role of the Vatican and its Pope in this alleged scheme, warning of potential slavery and misery rather than open war. The section includes a bibliography of related works, primarily by Miguel Serrano and Miguel Galleguillos.

El Fragmento de OVNI de la Playa de Ubatuba en Brasil

This article details a UFO case from September 14, 1957, in Ubatuba, Brazil. It recounts an anonymous letter sent to columnist Ibrahim Sued, describing a flying disc that approached the beach at high speed, executed an ascending turn, and then exploded into thousands of brilliant fragments. The author of the letter, along with friends, collected several small pieces of this material, which was described as light and metallic. Dr. Olavo Fontes, a prestigious doctor from the National School of Medicine, became involved in the investigation after receiving the fragments. The recovered pieces are described as solid, opaque gray, with an irregular and oxidized surface, and microscopic longitudinal indentations, suggesting they were broken under stress.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of NOUFA include the exploration of hidden meanings and esoteric knowledge, the nature of consciousness and the afterlife, and the investigation of unexplained phenomena like UFOs. The magazine also engages with conspiracy theories, particularly those related to geopolitical power structures and alleged secret agendas. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into controversial subjects, presenting various perspectives and encouraging readers to form their own conclusions, as indicated by the disclaimer that NOUFA does not necessarily share the opinions of its collaborators.

This issue of NOUFA * NOTICIERO UFOLÓGICO AUTONOMO, spanning issues 31 through 39, focuses on two primary areas of anomalous phenomena: the Ubatuba anomaly and various historical accounts of "raining" events.

The Ubatuba Anomaly

The issue details the investigation into metallic fragments found on the beach of Ubatuba, Brazil. Initially, three samples were collected, with one designated N° 1 for analysis. The material was described as lightweight, covered in a whitish substance, and having longitudinal fissures and small cracks. The first tests, involving phosphomolybdic acid and hydrochloric acid, indicated a metallic composition with a bluish coloration.

Further analysis was conducted at the Laboratorio de Producción Mineral, a division of the Departamento Nacional de Producción Mineral of the Ministry of Agriculture in Brazil. The chief chemist, Dr. Feigl, and his team, including Luisa Maria A. Barbosa, head of the spectrography section, performed spectrographic analysis using a Hilger spectrograph. The results confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg) in high concentration, with no other metallic elements detected. The report, dated September 24, 1957, protocol 571/57, noted the sample's origin as Ubatuba, São Paulo, sent by Dr. Olavo Fontes, and described the two fragments received as metallic, gray, low density, weighing approximately 0.6 grams each. The analysis indicated "high concentration of magnesium (Mg) and absence of any other metallic element."

Seeking independent verification, Dr. Fontes sent sample N° 1 to Elson Texeira, another spectro chemist analyst, who confirmed it was magnesium of absolute purity, lacking micro-elements typically found in metals. Other analyses were also performed by Mayor Robert Caminha and Commander J.G. Brandao of the Brazilian Navy, though their results were not made public.

X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted by Professor Elysiario Tavora Filho. This analysis, used for identifying alloy crystal structures, revealed that the magnesium sample was even purer than the ASTM standard. Professor Filho reportedly sent numerical results to Dr. Fontes but did not publish a written report, possibly to protect his reputation.

Dr. Fontes concluded that the analyzed fragment likely came from an aerial object not manufactured by humans, theorizing that most explosions occur at high altitudes, causing fragments to burn up before reaching the ground. The Ubatuba incident, occurring near the coast, allowed for the recovery of physical evidence.

Two remaining samples were sent to the United States for study by Dr. Walter Walker (University of Arizona) and Dr. Robert Johnson (Materials Research Corporation). Their report indicated that samples N° 2 and 3 contained traces of strontium, barium, calcium, and zinc, unlike the purer sample N° 1. They observed that the Ubatuba samples approached monocrystallinity and were likely cast. They noted that such large, oriented grains, approaching monocrystallinity, would require very slow and careful cooling from a liquid state, which is unusual for commercial magnesium ingots or castings.

Despite these studies, Walker and Johnson could not definitively prove or refute an extraterrestrial origin, citing the difficulty of establishing such origins with physical evidence alone. They outlined four problems in investigating extraterrestrial materials: 1) they might be indistinguishable from terrestrial technology, 2) superior methods or materials might not be detectable, 3) superior methods or non-terrestrial materials might exist but we lack the techniques to detect them, or 4) the material is not terrestrial and our techniques can detect it.

Ten years later, in 1979, Professor Robert E. Ogilvie of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology also analyzed the material. He concluded that the metallic areas were pure magnesium with a trace of calcium and no other impurities. He stated the composition resembled magnesium weld metal but noted the structure was unusual, possibly formed by heating magnesium close to its melting point in air. He suggested it could be weld metal from an exploding aircraft or a re-entering satellite.

A CIA document distributed at the International Congress of Space Medicine in 1976, titled "Foreign Intelligence Information Report," alluded to the Ubatuba event, calling it "Unevaluated Information." It mentioned a theory that high-intensity magnetic fields, oscillating magnetic fields, and electromagnetic fields might be associated with superconductivity at low temperatures, potentially related to UFO propulsion systems. The report suggested that fragments from a possible UFO found in Brazil might have a relationship to superconductors and magnetohydrodynamics.

Dr. Olavo Fontes, who died years after his initial investigations, remained convinced that the Ubatuba samples were physical evidence of UFOs.

Anomalous Precipitation: Rains of Objects and Animals

The issue then shifts to a comprehensive exploration of "strange things from above," focusing on numerous historical accounts of anomalous precipitation, compiled by Leopoldo Zambrano Enríquez and referencing the work of Charles Fort.

Rains of Animals

Numerous instances are documented of animals falling from the sky. In Yoro, Honduras, residents annually prepare to collect fish that rain down. Other reports include rains of frogs, toads, snakes, eels, marine snails, and even worms. There are also accounts of blood raining from the sky, as well as beans, grains, and meat.

Specific historical examples include:

• 1578: Yellow mice raining down.
• 1786: Black eggs that hatched into tadpoles.
• 1804: Strange larvae falling during a snowstorm; small frogs falling.
• 1827: Large black insects falling during a snowstorm.
• 1830: Various types of fish falling; mosquitoes and fleas falling during a snowstorm.
• 1833: Dead fish falling; small frogs falling; gray lizards falling after a thunderstorm.
• 1857: Lizards falling.
• 1861: Torrents of fish flooding streets.
• 1864: Frogs embedded in stones.
• 1871: Dead fish found near a meteorite impact site.
• 1882: Ice blocks containing small frogs.
• 1892: Small white frogs falling; thousands of mussels falling.
• 1947: Perch falling.
• 1954: Sparks falling, described as fragments of the Moon.
• 1969: Dead ducks falling.
• 1974: Ducks falling within ice blocks.
• 1975: A 22-kilo "ice bomb."
• 1979: A small frog falling.
• 2000: A large ice block falling on a car.

Rains of Objects

Beyond living creatures, various inanimate objects have also reportedly fallen from the sky. These include enormous ice chunks, plants, domestic tools, insects, and even material resembling silk threads.

Explanations and Theories

The issue presents several explanations for these phenomena:

• Whirlwinds and Waterspouts: The most common scientific explanation suggests that whirlwinds or waterspouts pick up objects and animals from the ground or water and deposit them elsewhere. However, the article questions the selectivity of these events, noting that specific types of creatures often fall together, rather than a mixed assortment.
• Extraterrestrial Origin: This theory posits that alien spacecraft either collect terrestrial materials and discard them, or intentionally send materials to Earth.
• Supernatural Causes: This explanation attributes the events to deities, demons, spirits, or other unknown entities.
• Time-Space Curvature: This theory suggests that parallel worlds from other dimensions occasionally intersect with ours, causing objects to fall from the sky.

The article also discusses "inverse rains," where objects are inexplicably absorbed by the air.

Case Studies and Anecdotes

• The Fife Herald (1842): Described laundry and other light garments being carried high into the air and disappearing.
• Scientific American (1880): Reported a circular area of a farm field being swept clean, with a cloud of stones seen flying upwards.
• Charles Fort's Work: The issue highlights Charles Fort's extensive cataloging of unexplained phenomena, including his theory of "teleportation" as a mechanism for these events.
• Mayor Cox's Observation: An anecdote about a dry pond inexplicably filling with fish.
• Joan Ribet (Mongat, Barcelona): Reported a layer of mud and thousands of live fish, worms, toads, and frogs after an intense rain.
• Julián Boyero (Extremadura): Recounted experiences of "sapinos" (small frogs or toads) falling, particularly in May and late summer, noting their small size and unusual survival of the fall.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes are the unexplained nature of certain physical phenomena, the limitations of current scientific understanding, and the persistent human curiosity about the unknown. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting various accounts and theories without definitively endorsing any single explanation, while acknowledging the possibility of anomalous or even extraterrestrial origins for some events. The publication, NOUFA, positions itself as an autonomous ufological news source, suggesting a focus on UFO-related mysteries.

This issue, identified as number 41 and part of volume 44, with a cover date of December 1990, is titled "HUMOR UFOLOGICO" and published by IIEE from Chile. The cover features a collage of humorous UFO-themed illustrations and text, including a cartoon alien, a depiction of ancient astronauts, and a comic strip about theories, with the main headline "HUMOR UFOLOGICO". The price is listed as 45, and the ISSN is 978-84-87135-09-1.

Article: Mysterious Rains of Fish and Frogs

The issue begins with a discussion on the phenomenon of mysterious rains of fish and frogs. While official science attributes these events to whirlwinds and tornadoes, many researchers find this explanation inconsistent, as it doesn't account for such phenomena occurring without strong winds or favorable climates. The article briefly touches upon Charles Fort's hypothesis, acknowledging its difficulty to digest, and poses the question to the reader about alternative explanations for these strange occurrences. It notes that the initial idea was expanded with details from the "Enigmas y Evidencias" magazine and other sources like the IIEE Archive of Chile and "Revista Año Cero" from December 1990.

Article: The Rat That Deforested Easter Island

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to "CURIOSIDADES ANOMALAS," focusing on the "INCREÍBLE: FUE UN RATÓN EL QUE DESFORESTÓ LA ISLA DE PASCUA." This article challenges the long-held belief that the inhabitants of Rapa Nui were solely responsible for the island's deforestation. Instead, it presents the findings of Terry Hunt, a professor of anthropology from the University of Hawaii, who suggests that Polynesian rats, introduced by the first settlers around the 12th century, were the primary culprits. These voracious rodents, which multiplied rapidly, consumed the seeds of the Jubeae chilensis palm and other native plants, leading to widespread deforestation. The article contrasts this with the traditional view that the inhabitants' construction of megalithic statues and tribal wars caused the environmental disaster. It also mentions that the "white man" later contributed to the decline of the Rapa Nui people through massacres and deportations, reducing the population to a mere 111 individuals by 1887. The article notes that the island was described as fertile and rich in vegetation upon its discovery by Jacob Roggeveen in 1722, further supporting the idea that the deforestation was a gradual process caused by the rats.

"LA FOTOGRAFIA" Section

This section features an image of a granite block with an anthropomorphic representation, located in Bembribe, Castro Celta Vila de Sen, Galicia, Spain. It is suggested that this block served as a totemic symbol. The text humorously notes that any resemblance to other anthropomorphic figures is pure coincidence, although imagination can sometimes play tricks.

"EL SACAPUNTAS" Section

Written by Julián Lenguaraz, this section discusses the Chilean idiosyncrasy of "chaqueteo," which involves excessive congratulation and praise among friends, often avoiding any form of criticism. The author notes that this "gremialismo" (unionism or professional solidarity) is evident in online discussions, where any comment deviating from diplomatic correctness is "expunged." The piece concludes by stating that it is difficult to be independent and go against the current in Chile, reflecting this trait in all aspects of life.

"LA FRASE" Section

This section features a quote from Joseph Allen Hynek, delivered at a MUFON symposium on July 25-26, 1981. Hynek draws a parallel between ufology and alchemy, stating that ufology is currently a "confused mass of superstitions, beliefs, fanciful reasoning, etc." He argues that for ufology to progress, it must become a profession, similar to how chemistry evolved from alchemy. He believes that public support for serious investigation will emerge if ufology is presented in a dignified and professional manner. A note clarifies that the translation of "profession" might not perfectly capture the intended meaning of a recognized "discipline of science and knowledge."

"CARTAS AL DIRECTOR" (Letters to the Editor)

Several letters are included:

• Julián López from Rancagua inquires about the availability of books previously listed by IIEE and sold on their website.
• Pepe Ortega from Osorno asks about the status of the "Cabo Valdés" case. The response indicates that the case is stalled, and the former Corporal has retracted many of his previous statements, possibly due to his current evangelical beliefs. His credibility is considered lost, although some of his subordinates' accounts still align with the initial claims.
• Ingrid Selman from Spain congratulates NOUFA on their work, particularly their archive and the follow-up on cases reported in the press, highlighting the "Flores family" case as "genial."
• The response to Ingrid Selman expresses thanks and notes that they are not accustomed to receiving much praise in Chile, hoping she also remembers the "pastel de choclo" (corn cake) they shared.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine adopts a lighthearted and humorous approach to ufology, evident in its title and cover illustrations. It also engages with historical and anthropological topics, as seen in the detailed article on Isla de Pascua, presenting a revisionist perspective. The "El Sacapuntas" section offers social commentary on Chilean culture, while "La Frase" section addresses the serious need for professionalization within the field of ufology. The editorial stance appears to be one that balances skepticism with an openness to exploring unexplained phenomena, often through a lens of humor and critical analysis. The inclusion of reader letters indicates an engagement with the audience and a desire to foster discussion within the ufological community.