Non-Recurrent Ultrafast Phenomena - 1990

Magazine Overview

This document is a collection of reports and lectures from the Second All-Union Interdisciplinary School-Seminar on "Non-periodic rapid phenomena in the environment," held in Tomsk from April 19-30, 1990. It was organized by several prominent scientific and educational institutions, including the Union of Scientific and Engineering Societies of the USSR, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the RSFSR, the Tomsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Tomsk Branch of the Union of Scientific and Engineering Societies of the USSR, and the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute named after S. M. Kirov, in conjunction with the Siberian Scientific-Research Center "Anomalous Phenomena."

The publication's title, "Non-periodic rapid phenomena in the environment," suggests a focus on unusual or unexplained events occurring in nature and society. The seminar aimed to explore scientific methodology and new approaches to understanding these phenomena, many of which have historically been on the fringes of official science.

The editorial board is listed, with Yu. P. Pokholkov as the chief editor and A. G. Bakirov as the deputy chief editor. B. M. Yakovlev serves as the executive secretary. Other members of the editorial board include prominent academics and scientists such as N. V. Vasiliev, V. K. Zhuravlev, V. I. Lunev, A. D. Moskovchenko, G. F. Plekhanov, V. N. Salnikov, F. P. Tarasenko, and M. A. Shustov.

Contents and Key Themes

The collection features lectures and scientific reports, with an introduction that notes the thematic resonance with the First All-Union School-Seminar held in 1988. A notable aspect of this seminar was the increased interest in the history of cosmism, with several publications dedicated to outstanding scientists whose ideas are gaining wider recognition. The editorial board acknowledges that some presented views may not align with their own but are included for their unconventional approach, their invitation to discourse, and their ability to provoke thought.

Nikolai Fedorov: Founder of Russian Cosmism

A significant portion of the document is dedicated to the philosophy of Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov (1829-1903), presented as the founder of Russian Cosmism. The text details his life, including his birth in Tambov province, his education, and his career as a teacher and librarian. Fedorov's work is characterized by his belief that human existence, in all its forms, is intrinsically linked to the infinite Cosmos. His philosophy emphasizes the moral principle of "all-unity" between humanity and the Cosmos, encompassing goodness, harmony, and beauty.

Key ideas attributed to Fedorov include:

1. The Idea of Multiplicity of Life and Reason: Fedorov posited that life and reason can exist in forms beyond the biological, potentially achieving a "field" or electromagnetic character, leading to a "radiant" human and humanity. This concept was further explored by K. E. Tsiolkovsky.
2. The Idea of Autotrophy: He proposed that humanity, currently heterotrophic and destructive to the biosphere, should evolve into an autotrophic state, sustaining itself through means like solar energy, thus fundamentally altering humanity's "technological and moral" character.
3. The Idea of Resurrection or Immortality: Fedorov advocated for the restoration and transformation of all past generations. This involves creating comprehensive archives and museums to preserve memory, leading to a process of "patrification" or the reconstruction of previous generations, potentially through advanced technologies like nanotechnology.
4. The Idea of Regulation of Nature and Society: Fedorov warned that pure science, detached from human moral imperatives, could lead to the destruction of both humanity and Earth. He stressed the need for uniting scientific, technical, and moral efforts to solve global problems.

The text notes that Fedorov's ideas have influenced many prominent figures in Russian culture, including philosophers like Vladimir Solovyov and Nikolai Berdyaev, writers like Fyodor Dostoevsky and Maxim Gorky, composers like Pyotr Tchaikovsky, and scientists like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Vladimir Vernadsky.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Cosmic Eras

The document also features a section on Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), a renowned Russian scientist and thinker, known as the father of cosmonautics. Beyond his work in rocketry, Tsiolkovsky authored over 400 philosophical papers. His philosophy centers on the "evaluation of life and existence," posing fundamental questions about the meaning of life, the universe, and humanity's purpose. The text quotes Tsiolkovsky's reflections on the vastness of matter compared to thought, questioning the necessity of human consciousness for nature.

Tsiolkovsky's ethical framework is presented through questions such as: What is the value of earthly life? Will we live after death? Is life worth living? What is the purpose of existence? What is the purpose of the world and the Cosmos?

Scientific and Philosophical Challenges

An article by A. D. Moskovchenko discusses the growing contradictions and indeterministic tendencies in the late 20th century across economics, culture, ideology, and science. It highlights the emergence of phenomena that defy traditional deterministic explanations, such as ozone holes, questioning whether they are natural or man-made. The author suggests that these realities give rise to anomalous, non-periodic phenomena that require a multidisciplinary approach to unravel. The text advocates for a dialectical, multidimensional, and multi-coordinated thinking that integrates the rational and irrational, the conscious and unconscious, and the deterministic and indeterministic. It emphasizes the importance of exploring anomalous phenomena from diverse perspectives and suggests that Russian cosmic thought, founded by N. F. Fedorov, plays a crucial role in developing alternative thinking.

Another section touches upon the limitations of purely scientific or technological approaches, citing Fedorov's warning that science disconnected from moral imperatives can lead to destruction. It echoes V. Vernadsky's view that humanity must master a unified science, but only through a fundamental restructuring of the scientific apparatus, incorporating new paradigms that integrate information theory, relativity, and quantum mechanics.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this collection are the exploration of anomalous and non-periodic phenomena, the philosophical underpinnings of Russian Cosmism, and the search for new scientific methodologies. The editorial stance, as stated in the introduction, is open to diverse and unconventional ideas that stimulate critical thinking and discussion, even if they diverge from the board's own views.

The issue reflects a period of intellectual ferment in the late Soviet era, with a growing interest in philosophical and speculative ideas alongside scientific inquiry. The focus on Fedorov and Tsiolkovsky suggests an engagement with foundational thinkers who contemplated humanity's future and its place in the universe, particularly in the context of space exploration and the evolution of consciousness.

Title: Наука и религия (Science and Religion)
Issue: 1, 1990
Publisher: ЦК КПСС (Central Committee of the CPSU)
Country: USSR
Price: 3 rubles 50 kopecks
Cover Headline: Космос. Жизнь. Разум. (Cosmos. Life. Reason.)

This issue of "Nauka i Religiia" is dedicated to exploring profound scientific and philosophical concepts related to the universe, life, and human consciousness, featuring articles on prominent thinkers and their theories.

Articles

The Cosmic Eras of K. E. Tsiolkovsky

The article begins by positing that if consciousness exists, it must be necessary for nature. It highlights the philosophical significance of the human brain as a product of billions of years of evolution, suggesting that matter, through the human brain, not only reaches a higher level of development but also begins to understand itself. K. E. Tsiolkovsky's vision of human evolution is presented as a transformation into a unified form of radiant energy, filling the cosmos. He divided cosmic existence into four main eras: the era of birth (lasting decades), the era of establishment (millions of years), the era of flourishing (hundreds of billions of years), and the terminal era (tens of billions of years). During the terminal era, humanity is expected to fully answer the question of purpose and transition from corporeal matter to radiation, a state of ultimate knowledge and perfection.

The article quotes Tsiolkovsky stating that the question of 'why' and 'for what purpose' will be answered by reason, i.e., matter itself, over billions of years, as matter evolves through life and the thinking brain to a state of absolute perfection. He emphasizes the connection between cosmic matter, time, and reason through a mathematical relationship he had yet to fully articulate. The transition to a radiant form of existence would make humanity immortal in time and infinite in space, a concept that might seem absurd now but reflects the intuitive foresight of a thinking person. The article notes that Tsiolkovsky's cosmic-scale thinking was unique and earned him recognition as a genius, with Valery Bryusov stating, "No one before Tsiolkovsky thought on such cosmic scales! ... This alone gives him the right to be ranked among the greatest geniuses of humanity."

Pavel Florensky: The Encyclopedic Scientist

This section introduces Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky, a Russian religious philosopher and scientist renowned for his encyclopedic breadth of knowledge, encompassing mathematics, physics, art criticism, philology, history, and engineering. Born in 1882, Florensky's early life in Batumi and Tbilisi was deeply influenced by nature. He credited his intellectual development more to nature and his father than to formal schooling, engaging in drawing, photography, and geological and meteorological observations rooted in physics.

Florensky's deep connection to nature and his ecological consciousness were evident throughout his life and work, even in his theological treatise "The Pillar and Ground of the Truth" (1914) and his mathematical study "Imaginary Numbers in Geometry" (1922). His pursuit of understanding the "common human worldview" led him to explore the history and philosophy of culture, where science, art, and social life intertwine. He believed that "all possible laws of existence are contained in pure mathematics," forming the basis that connects culture and nature, the physical and the spiritual.

After graduating from Moscow University with a degree in physics and mathematics, Florensky pursued studies at the Moscow Theological Academy, driven by a spiritual crisis and an awareness of the limitations of purely physical knowledge. Influenced by Leo Tolstoy, he sought to understand the universal human worldview. His mathematical reflections on continuity, numbers, and discontinuity led him to the possibility of finding "theoretical foundations for a universal religious worldview." He came to believe that religion is an inherent characteristic of humanity, manifesting in countless forms.

Florensky taught history of philosophy at the theological academy from 1908 to 1919 and was ordained a priest in 1911. He was also involved in preserving historical monuments. From 1920 to 1927, he lectured on perspective at VKhUTEMAS and worked in technical and scientific fields, publishing works on dielectrics and geometry. Despite these diverse activities, he continued his philosophical and theological work. In 1933, he was repressed and posthumously rehabilitated in 1956. Florensky's research explored the "duality" of physical space, anticipating ideas in cybernetics. He viewed the cosmos as a struggle between entropy (chaos) and ectropy (logos), with culture playing a key role in organizing and revealing unconditional value.

Florensky was friends with Vladimir Vernadsky, and their collaboration influenced the development of concepts like Vernadsky's noosphere and Florensky's pneumatosphere. His works have been increasingly published since the late 1960s, with plans for multi-volume collections of his writings.

Vladimir Vernadsky: Pioneer of the Noosphere Theory

This section profiles Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945), a prominent naturalist and academician whose work synthesized knowledge about nature and life. Vernadsky is compared to figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Lomonosov for his intellectual scope. He was a polyglot who kept abreast of global scientific literature and corresponded with leading scientists, placing him at the forefront of scientific understanding.

As early as 1910, Vernadsky predicted the practical use of atomic energy. His research focused on the methodological problems of matter, the structure of time, and scientific worldviews. He was a co-creator of the anthropocosmic theory, recognizing the cosmoplanetary role of scientific thought as a geological force shaping Earth and predicting the transition of the biosphere to the noosphere. The concept of the noosphere, along with the biosphere, was not coined by Vernadsky himself, but he was instrumental in developing the theory. The term "noosphere" was introduced by P. Teilhard de Chardin and E. Leroy in the 1920s, initially with a mystical connotation. Vernadsky, however, adopted the term in the 1930s with a strictly materialistic interpretation, viewing the noosphere as a historically inevitable stage of biosphere development driven by human scientific thought and organized labor.

Vernadsky also developed theories on the future autotrophy of humanity and the interaction between inert and living matter. His work opened new scientific perspectives and contributed to an optimistic outlook. In recent decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in Vernadsky's ideas, recognizing their importance for addressing global challenges.

Alexander Chizhevsky: The Solar Messenger

This section focuses on Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky, a scientist known for his work on heliobiology and the influence of solar activity on Earth. His apartment in Moscow was once the residence of K.E. Tsiolkovsky. Chizhevsky viewed the Sun as the conductor of life's eternal renewal on Earth. His seminal work is "The Earth's Echo of Solar Storms."

Chizhevsky's interest in the Sun was profound. In 1914, his family moved to Kaluga, where he met Tsiolkovsky, who became his mentor. At the age of 18, Chizhevsky published his first work, "The Periodic Influence of the Sun on Earth's Biosphere," which aligned with Vernadsky's theories on the biosphere. His subsequent works explored various aspects of solar influence, including astronomy, physiology, history, and the impact on plant growth, animal behavior, and even epidemics. His research was translated and published internationally.

The article mentions that in the mid-1930s, Chizhevsky was removed from his work related to the Sun, and his manuscripts were lost. Despite these setbacks, he continued his scientific endeavors, studying blood circulation and the effects of environmental factors. His work was later analyzed by V.G. Loginov concerning the influence of solar activity on creative processes. Chizhevsky's scientific interests were vast, spanning astronomy, geophysics, biology, history, epidemiology, and hematology. He passed away in 1964, and his legacy is continued by his students through regular readings in his memory.

I. S. Shklovsky: On the Universe, Life, and Reason

This section introduces Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky, a distinguished astrophysicist and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He is recognized for his significant contributions to astrophysics in the latter half of the 20th century, particularly his work on the evolution of stars, cosmic explosions, and the problem of life in the universe. Shklovsky developed a comprehensive theory of stellar evolution, from main-sequence stars to planetary nebulae and white dwarfs, and contributed to the understanding of interstellar matter and cosmic masers.

Born in 1916 in Ukraine, Shklovsky initially worked in construction before pursuing physics and mathematics at Vladivostok University and later Moscow State University. He joined the Sternberg Astronomical Institute and became a leading figure in astrophysics. Despite being drafted due to poor eyesight, he continued his research. He headed the astrophysics department at the Institute for Space Research of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the radio astronomy department at Sternberg Astronomical Institute. Shklovsky passed away in 1985. He is remembered as a sincere, kind, humorous, and communicative individual with a deep analytical mind. His talent as a scientist and philosopher, original ideas, and engaging presentation style earned him widespread recognition.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the vastness of the cosmos, the evolution of life and consciousness, and the interconnectedness of natural phenomena. The articles highlight the groundbreaking ideas of prominent Soviet scientists who approached these subjects with a grand, cosmic perspective. The editorial stance appears to be one of celebrating scientific inquiry, philosophical exploration, and the pursuit of knowledge, emphasizing the potential for human reason to understand the universe and its place within it. There is a clear admiration for thinkers who dared to conceptualize on scales of billions of years and who sought to unify scientific and philosophical understanding.

The issue also touches upon the historical development of scientific thought, acknowledging both the intellectual achievements and the personal struggles of these scientists, such as Florensky's repression. The overall tone is one of intellectual curiosity and a belief in the progressive nature of scientific and philosophical understanding.

This issue of "Nauka i Religiya" (Science and Religion), published in 1991, focuses on the complex topic of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) and the search for extraterrestrial life. The magazine explores scientific, methodological, and philosophical aspects of these subjects, featuring contributions from prominent scientists and researchers.

The Scientific Interest in Extraterrestrial Life

The issue highlights the enduring interest in the problem of life in the Universe, noting the contributions of astrophysicist I. S. Shklovsky. His early work, including a collaboration with V. I. Krasovsky on the extinction of reptiles and the potential impact of supernovae, is mentioned. Shklovsky's later interest in the hypothesis of artificial Martian satellites, prompted by the anomalous deceleration of Phobos, is also discussed. The article points to the influence of the beginning of space exploration and the publication of key papers, such as by Cocconi and Morrison in "Nature," on the search for artificial signals at 21 cm wavelength.

Shklovsky's concept of the potential uniqueness of life on Earth is presented as a response to the contradiction between humanity's scientific-technical capabilities and the silence of the cosmos. This position is also influenced by the successes of space exploration in the 1960s and the geopolitical tensions of later years.

The article notes the continued growth of interest in the search for life in the Universe, evidenced by the establishment of a permanent commission on "Bioastronomy" by the International Astronomical Union in 1982.

Methodological Approaches to Studying UAP

Co-authors N. S. Kardashev and V. I. Moroz discuss the challenges and approaches to studying UAP. They argue that serious programs should focus on searching for and investigating unusual cosmic regions that might be linked to intelligent, directed activity. The discovery of new classes of astronomical objects characterized by an anomalous amount of solid matter is considered probable, detectable through millimeter and infrared astronomy. The article mentions the discovery of approximately 200,000 new astronomical objects by a space infrared telescope, some of which exhibit spectra similar to those expected from large astro-engineering structures.

The authors also touch upon the emerging field of "cosmology," which aims to study the laws and forms of civilization development over astronomical time scales, generalizing from our own civilization and considering the prospects of artificial intelligence and space colonization.

Felix Yu. Zigel: Pioneer of Soviet Ufology

A biographical sketch of Felix Yu. Zigel is presented, identifying him as the founder of the ufological movement in the Soviet Union. His research into UFOs began in 1958, inspired by witness accounts. In 1966, a section for studying anomalous phenomena was organized at the Central Museum of Aviation and Cosmonautics, with Zigel serving as deputy chairman. Despite the section's eventual dissolution, Zigel continued his work, compiling 13 volumes on UFOs and the search for extraterrestrial civilizations between 1968 and 1984. His academic background included astronomy, and he authored numerous books and articles.

Methodological Orientations in the Complex Study of UAP

A. N. Dmitriev's article focuses on the methodological orientations for studying UAP, particularly from a geologico-geophysical perspective. He notes the increasing number and diversity of unusual atmospheric phenomena, coinciding with the 22nd solar cycle. Dmitriev emphasizes the need for updated conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches to deal with empirical data, acknowledging the challenge of misinformation and sensationalized scenarios.

He proposes that the study of UAP should move beyond a purely anthropocentric view and consider the role of Nature. Dmitriev suggests that the study of UAP should be structured into two interconnected subsystems: the subsystem of human unusualness and the subsystem of Nature. This approach aims to reconcile the unusual in Nature and Humanity, presenting the realm of the unusual as a real prospect for human evolutionary possibilities.

Classification and Study of UAP

Dmitriev outlines a classification of UAP based on spatial and temporal characteristics. Spatially dependent UAP are those clustered in specific areas, while spatially independent UAP appear randomly distributed. Induced UAP are also mentioned. Temporally, UAP can be periodic (occurring at regular intervals) or non-periodic. The article highlights the correlation between UAP generation and periods of active solar activity, suggesting two main classes of events: those occurring during solar maximum and those during solar minimum.

Non-periodic UAP are often associated with phenomena that lack clear scientific interpretations, including those commonly referred to as UFOs. The term "UFO" is considered inadequate, as the focus should be on the unknown origin and functional significance of these phenomena.

Dmitriev also discusses the importance of studying techno-induced UAP, which are increasing due to technological advancements. He identifies four potential categories of artificial unusualness: techno-genetic, natural response to techno-events, hybrid techno-natural, and intervention by extraterrestrial civilizations.

Limitations of Current Methodologies

The article critiques the current methodologies for working with archival data, deeming them largely ineffective due to a tendency to prove or disprove pre-existing hypotheses, thus distorting the natural information background. A shift towards conceptual renewal and a strict consideration of the environmental context (geological, geophysical, or urban) where an event occurs is advocated. The authors argue that events do not simply "burst" into our reality but arise considering the existing conditions of the environment, which participates on an equal footing.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes a scientific approach to understanding unusual phenomena, moving beyond sensationalism and speculation. There is a clear focus on the need for rigorous methodology, data analysis, and the integration of various scientific disciplines, including astronomy, geophysics, and even philosophy. The magazine promotes the idea that the search for extraterrestrial life and the study of UAP are legitimate scientific pursuits, requiring open-mindedness and a willingness to explore unconventional ideas within a scientific framework. The editorial stance appears to be one of cautious optimism regarding the potential for discovery and a belief in the importance of continued research into these complex and often mysterious phenomena.

This issue of the magazine, identified by page number 30, focuses on 'New Approaches to the Problem of Human-Environment Relations' authored by Yu. P. Pokholkov and V. I. Lunev. The publication delves into the scientific study of anomalous phenomena (AP) and their relationship with the environment and human perception.

The Problem of Human-Environment Relations

Yu. P. Pokholkov's article begins by addressing the common perception of opposition between humans and the environment. He argues that humans, as biological entities, are intrinsically part of nature and are influenced by various fields such as electrical, magnetic, and gravitational. The expansion of human activity on Earth and in space is seen as disrupting ecological niches, leading to natural counteractions like earthquakes, ozone layer depletion, and climate change due to factors like the greenhouse effect and reduced oxygen levels from space launches and jet flights. The article also highlights the increasing danger posed by harmful chemical substances in the atmosphere, water, and soil, leading to higher disease rates, allergies, and weakened immune systems.

Pokholkov further categorizes factors affecting humans, with a particular focus on less understood physical fields and radiations. These include global factors like gravitational fields and magnetic storms, as well as local influences from power lines, industrial equipment, and communication centers. The impact of physical fields from other biological systems (plants, animals, bacteria) and non-living matter (water, soil, minerals) is also considered, with biolocation methods being used to detect some of these fields. The author suggests that the long-term effects of these weak fields, especially when experienced over extended periods, can be significant, citing research from Poland, West Germany, and England.

Initiatives and Planning in the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena

V. I. Lunev's contribution focuses on the initiative and planning in the scientific investigation of anomalous phenomena. He notes the growing interest in AP in the Soviet Union, attributing it to socio-political changes, evolving worldviews, and an increase in unusual events. Lunev emphasizes the crucial role of dedicated enthusiasts and researchers in shaping current understanding of AP, often working in isolation or in small groups across various cities. He highlights the emergence of a new generation of research groups in the 1980s in cities like Alma-Ata, Rostov-on-Don, Poltava, and others.

Lunev discusses the historical development of AP research in Tomsk, noting that while the experience is not the longest, the transition from public to state-level professional research is significant. He outlines the objective prerequisites for scientific research into AP in the Tomsk region, including the presence of intellectual potential and a relatively liberal attitude towards unconventional research. The article mentions early work on biolocation by Professor Koshkarev and ongoing research on the Tunguska event.

Subjective factors in organizing efforts for AP research in Tomsk are also explored. The tolerant attitude of the scientific community in Tomsk towards unconventional approaches has influenced the administrators of science. The article lists numerous scientists and academics from Tomsk and other cities who supported or at least did not hinder AP research.

Chronology of Key Stages in the Development of Anomalous Phenomena Research

The chronological development of AP research in the Tomsk region began with the formation of the Tomsk Group for the Study of Anomalous Phenomena in the Environment (TGIAЯ) in September 1983. This group, initially comprising five members from the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, focused on understanding how witnesses perceive AP, creating a database of AP, monitoring AP using field detectors, and establishing contacts with interested parties. A notable event was the observation of the 'Chulym River bolide flight' on February 26, 1984, which was witnessed by many, including TGIAЯ members.

From October 1985, TGIAЯ collaborated with the Comprehensive Amateur Expedition on the Tunguska Meteorite Problem to collect and analyze data on the Chulym bolide. The group expanded to 27 members, forming a bureau and thematic sections, and holding weekly seminars. By June 1984, close contacts were established with the expedition, providing mutual benefits.

Further developments included the mass collection of information on AP through questionnaires distributed via the regional 'Znanie' society and the newspaper 'Krasnoye znamya'. This resulted in a database of several hundred events, with verification and statistical processing underway. In February 1984, the Commission on Anomalous Phenomena was established under the All-Union Council of Scientific and Technical Societies, and TGIAЯ became a coordinated group.

By mid-1986, contacts were established with over 20 groups studying AP across the Soviet Union, and TGIAЯ representatives presented their findings at conferences. The group grew to 42 members, including 12 in the bureau. It was organized into five sections: 'Anomalous Atmospheric Phenomena,' 'Terrestrial and Technogenic Phenomena,' 'Biolocation,' 'Impact of AP on Humans and Biological Systems,' and 'Instrument Development.' Weekly seminars attracted 80-100 attendees.

In May 1986, the Research Laboratory 'Natural-Technogenic Electromagnetic Systems' (NIL PTES) was established at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute on the basis of TGIAЯ. This laboratory became involved in research programs focusing on 'Nature Complex' and 'Man and the Environment.'

Initiative - The Basis for Revolutionary Change in Scientific Paradigms

The issue discusses the nature of scientific revolutions, emphasizing the struggle between conservative and innovative ideas. It posits that every new idea was once an initiative and that only through this struggle can progressive ideas emerge. The period from 1983 to 1986 in Tomsk is characterized as a phase of initiative-driven research into AP, involving unplanned work, recognition of research needs, specialist involvement, and positive academic reception.

Planning - The Basis for the Evolutionary Development of a New Scientific Paradigm

Following the establishment of NIL PTES, the research process began to incorporate elements of conservatism, focusing on the evolutionary development of the research stage. This includes defining the scientific status of AP observations, finding a place for AP research, developing scientific methodology, and setting tasks for theoretical and experimental work. Inclusion in programs by the Ministry of Higher Education and the USSR Academy of Sciences provides structure and guarantees financial and resource support, ensuring stability for long-term work.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of anomalous phenomena, the complex interplay between humans and their environment, and the evolution of scientific paradigms. The editorial stance appears to be one that supports and encourages interdisciplinary, initiative-driven research into unconventional phenomena, emphasizing the importance of rigorous methodology and collaboration. The publication highlights the progress made in Tomsk as a model for such research, advocating for a pluralistic approach to scientific inquiry.

This issue of 'Nauka i Religiya' (Science and Religion) features several in-depth articles exploring the philosophical and methodological aspects of scientific inquiry, with a particular focus on the concepts of truth, rationality, and the challenges of understanding phenomena that defy conventional scientific explanation. The issue also includes a section detailing the organizational and research achievements of a ufology group and an exploration of the scientific category of symmetry and its related concepts.

Research Directions and Methodologies

The opening section outlines the foundational ideas for long-term research, drawing from Russian cosmism, an organic approach to the biosphere and noosphere, and a move away from anthropocentrism. Tactically, the research is divided into several key areas: general methodology and philosophical aspects, including the creation of a conceptual framework for studying anomalous phenomena (АЯ) in contemporary conditions; noospheric interactions, focusing on energy-information exchange in nature; scientific aspects of ufology, aiming to explore cutting-edge technologies; experimental methods, instruments, and techniques, including the development of novel approaches and devices; and new perspectives in the study of АЯ, intended to lay the groundwork for a future scientific paradigm. Operationally, the work involves technical monitoring of АЯ, rapid response to anomalous phenomena, and assessment of factors influencing АЯ to provide regional authorities with recommendations. The article emphasizes the need for flexibility, allowing for adjustments to strategic, tactical, and operational plans based on the evolving relationship between the researcher and the object of study.

Scientific and Organizational Results of Ufology Research

This section presents a quantitative overview of the achievements of the TGIАЯ (presumably a ufology research group) over 6.5 years. The group comprises 78 individuals and has 16 branches. They have conducted 204 scientific and technical seminars, attended by over 10,000 people, and delivered 483 reports. Group members participated in 24 international, all-union, and regional seminars on АЯ, presenting 65 reports. They organized 18 expeditions and completed 13 research projects. A total of 44 works have been published, and over 6,000 eyewitness accounts of АЯ have been collected. Additionally, 175 public lectures on АЯ were delivered.

Another research unit, NIL PTES, reports significant progress over its nearly 4 years of operation. It has 30 staff positions, with 56 individuals working on the laboratory's themes, including 29 highly qualified specialists. The unit has utilized 536 thousand rubles, filed 6 applications for scientific discoveries, and had 2 doctoral and 3 candidate dissertations defended. They have secured 20 inventor's certificates, published 11 monographs and collections, and 187 other works, and registered 4 scientific and technical reports. They presented 228 reports at all-union conferences, organized 2 all-union and 3 regional scientific seminars, and conducted 7.2 thousand person-days of expeditionary work, with 2.3 thousand person-smen dedicated to experimental work. The analysis suggests a satisfactory evaluation of the unit's effectiveness, both publicly and professionally, while noting reserves for improvement in scope and quality, to be addressed by the establishment of SibNIЦАЯ.

Conclusion: Initiative and Planning in Scientific Research

This concluding section addresses the relationship between initiative and planning in scientific research, particularly in the study of anomalous phenomena (АЯ). It posits that by 1990, Soviet scientists had reached a consensus on the necessity of comprehensive АЯ research. The authors argue that initiative and planning are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary aspects of the research process, capable of becoming interchangeable over time. Success in АЯ research is seen as dependent on objective need, regional specificity, the choice of scientific methodology, and the coordination of efforts between enthusiasts and professional scientists.

True and Rational in Scientific Search (Article by A. K. Sukhotin)

Anatoliy Konstantinovich Sukhotin, born in 1922, a doctor of philosophical sciences and professor at Tomsk University, discusses the criteria for scientific knowledge. He argues that while truth is often considered the primary criterion, there exists a significant body of knowledge that cannot be strictly classified as either true or false. Hypotheses, for instance, are initial assumptions about unobservable phenomena that only become true after practical confirmation. Even if a hypothesis is consistent with existing knowledge, it doesn't automatically make it true, nor does its failure to align with current theories make it false. Sukhotin proposes that alongside the criterion of truth, the criterion of rationality is essential. Rationality is defined as adherence to scientific standards and norms, ensuring that results, even if not definitively true at present, are preserved for future consideration. He distinguishes between the 'core' of established scientific knowledge, where truth is paramount, and the 'periphery' or 'reserve' of active research, which functions to filter new ideas and process uncertain information. This 'periphery' requires a criterion of scientific rationality rather than strict truthfulness to accommodate potentially valuable but not yet fully validated findings.

Sukhotin further elaborates on the concept of rationality, suggesting it is a necessary condition for scientific progress. He notes that even seemingly 'unscientific' or 'irrational' ideas can be valuable, citing examples from the history of mathematics and physics where concepts initially dismissed as irrational eventually became fundamental. He emphasizes that the value of a scientific idea often lies not in its immediate truth but in its potential to advance understanding and open new avenues of research, as suggested by Max Planck.

The Philosophical Category of Symmetry (Article by B. I. Kuznik)

Boris Ilyich Kuznik, born in 1927, a doctor of medical sciences and professor at Chita Medical Institute, examines the philosophical category of symmetry. He notes the ongoing debate between materialism and idealism regarding symmetry, with some Western scientists leaning towards idealistic interpretations. Kuznik defines symmetry as the process of existence and formation of identity within difference, emphasizing that true symmetry requires asymmetry. He posits that symmetry and spontaneously broken symmetry form a dialectical unity, with symmetry manifesting in asymmetry and vice versa. Asymmetry is defined as the category denoting differences and contradictions within unity. He proposes a simpler definition of symmetry as the periodic structure of periodic functions, noting that movement is essential for any geometric symmetry.

Kuznik distinguishes between structural and dynamic symmetry, focusing on the latter as more significant for evolutionary development. He defines dissymmetry as a directed rhythmicity that encompasses all forms of symmetry and asymmetry, serving as a universal form of being. He references L. Pasteur, who proposed the term 'dissymmetry' to characterize living matter, and V. I. Vernadsky, who suggested that abiogenesis could only occur in a dissymmetric environment. P. Curie's work is cited, indicating that any dissymmetric phenomenon must have a similar cause. Kuznik proposes a 'law of heterogenity of the source of development' or 'law of fluctuation of dissymmetry.' Development itself is defined as a series of changes where a particular direction prevails, leading to asymmetry. He further categorizes systems into modulating systems, characterized by broad fluctuations, and basic functional systems, which are dissipative. Actively fluctuating systems are those most sensitive to factors that induce asymmetry, leading to fluctuations in rhythmic processes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue consistently emphasizes the dynamic and evolving nature of scientific knowledge. It challenges rigid definitions of scientific truth and advocates for a more inclusive approach that embraces rationality and even initial 'irrationality' as crucial drivers of progress. The articles highlight the importance of methodological flexibility, the value of interdisciplinary collaboration, and the need to explore unconventional ideas. The editorial stance appears to support rigorous scientific investigation while acknowledging the limitations of current paradigms and the potential for groundbreaking discoveries to emerge from areas previously considered outside the realm of established science. The inclusion of research on anomalous phenomena alongside philosophical discussions on scientific methodology suggests an open-minded approach to understanding the complexities of the natural world.

This issue of the magazine, titled "Anomalous Phenomena and Methodology of Science," is authored by V. V. Cheshev and appears to be from the 1990s, based on the page numbering and content. The magazine delves into complex philosophical and scientific concepts, primarily focusing on the principles of dissymmetry, symmetry, and asymmetry as they relate to scientific inquiry and the understanding of reality. It questions the capacity of current scientific paradigms to assimilate anomalous phenomena and proposes a need for a fundamental shift in human thinking and worldview.

Core Concepts: Dissymmetry, Symmetry, and Asymmetry

The issue begins by illustrating the concept of dissymmetry through diagrams and textual explanations. It highlights how asymmetry acts as a factor in the functioning of systems, leading to processes of dissymmetrization and symmetrization. The text posits that new species arise not from the most developed but from relatively unspecialized forms, drawing parallels with embryonic development where undifferentiated cells give rise to specialized ones. It emphasizes that all systems and subsystems are in a state of fluctuation, with parameters varying due to rhythmic oscillations or asymmetric fluctuations. These fluctuations can be internal or external and can even be synchronized across different systems.

Fluctuations and Their Significance

Macroscopic fluctuations (MF), influenced by cosmic factors, are discussed as a key element. The research by S. E. Shnol's laboratory indicates that these fluctuations are characteristic of almost all objects in the universe and reflect the discrete spectrum of 'allowed' states, suggesting an inherent discreteness in universal constants. The relative dispersions in measurements of physical quantities are found to be related to the fine-structure constant. The work of N. V. Udaltsova and colleagues suggests that cosmic factors might be responsible for macroscopic fluctuations in processes of various natures, with gravitational fluctuations from space being a significant factor.

The Role of Systems Theory and Complementarity

The issue advocates for a systems approach to science, grounded in the principles of dissymmetry, symmetry, and asymmetry. It argues that the structure of functional relationships, rather than just structural or functional properties, defines systems. The concept of complementarity, introduced by L. B. Mekler, is highlighted as a principle underlying the self-organization of elementary particles, atoms, molecules, cells, planets, and star systems. This principle suggests that elements tend towards symmetrization (organization) through mutual interactions.

The Nature of Scientific Knowledge and Anomalous Phenomena

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the nature of scientific knowledge and how it grapples with anomalous phenomena. It questions whether science can truly 'assimilate' these phenomena or if it requires a radical transformation of its structure, human thinking, and worldview. The author emphasizes that the study of anomalous phenomena raises profound questions about human cognition and worldview, moving beyond mere sensationalism to real issues of human knowledge and the human place in the cosmos.

The issue explores the historical approach to scientific discovery, using the example of electricity. It suggests that the practical and experimental engagement with reality is crucial for scientific understanding. The development of concepts like the Leyden jar arose from the need to collect and study electrical phenomena, demonstrating how practical needs drive theoretical advancements. The magazine posits that science will continue to expand its practical and theoretical arsenal to encompass anomalous phenomena, pushing the boundaries of the unknown.

Human-Cosmos Relationship and Evolution

The magazine also touches upon the age-old question of the relationship between humans and the cosmos. It references ancient beliefs that directly linked cosmogenic realities with human life, portraying the cosmos as alive and animated. This idea of an animated cosmos is traced through Eastern philosophies, ancient Greek thought, and the philosophy of Russian religious thinkers, particularly N. Fedorov's "Philosophy of the Common Cause."

Specific Examples and Theories

Several specific theories and examples are discussed, including:

• Fluctuating Systems: Systems that are constantly fluctuating, with parameters varying due to internal and external factors.
• Dissipative Systems: Systems that tend towards disorder or dissipation.
• Functional Systems: Systems that operate based on specific functions.
• Cosmic Factors: External influences, such as gravitational fluctuations, that affect systems.
• Complementarity: A principle of mutual interaction and organization among elements.
• Symmetrization: The process of achieving order, harmony, or complexity within systems.
• DNA, RNA, Protein: The biological level of organization is used as an example to illustrate the principles of movement and regulation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout this issue revolve around the fundamental nature of reality as being characterized by dissymmetry, symmetry, and asymmetry. The magazine advocates for a holistic, systems-based approach to understanding the universe, emphasizing the interconnectedness of phenomena and the dynamic interplay between order and chaos. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, challenging the limitations of current scientific paradigms and encouraging a broader philosophical perspective to address complex and anomalous phenomena. There is a strong undercurrent that the evolution of both the universe and human understanding is driven by these dialectical principles of symmetry and asymmetry.

This issue of "Anomalous Phenomena" (Аномальные явления), published in 1990, focuses on the topic of UFOs from the perspective of modern scientific knowledge. The issue features articles by A. D. Moskovchenko and V. K. Zhuravlev, exploring the philosophical, scientific, and methodological aspects of unidentified phenomena.

The Connection Between Christianity, Cosmology, and Science

The first article, likely by an unnamed author, explores the historical connection between Christian philosophy and the concept of the cosmos. It notes that Christian philosophy recognized the creation of the cosmos by a higher being, which also created humans. However, the scientific revolution of the 18th century, particularly with figures like Isaac Newton, shifted the paradigm. This era's scientific worldview viewed the cosmos as a lifeless, mechanistic space, leading to the problem of cosmic life and the search for intelligent extraterrestrial beings becoming a central question.

The article posits that understanding anomalous phenomena requires addressing the problem of 'human-cosmos' and defining methodological approaches. It highlights two key aspects: the worldview aspect, concerning humanity's self-awareness and the integration of global consciousness, and the cognitive aspect, related to understanding anomalous phenomena. The author suggests that the ethical ideal of purification through suffering, as presented in the New Testament, needs renewal. A crucial worldview problem is whether humanity will embrace a new ideal of freedom and creation or fall into a state of unfreedom, becoming manipulated by 'cosmic visitors.' The author emphasizes that the ideal of freedom is inseparable from spirituality and responsibility, a concept present in Christianity, though at times diluted by the temptation of earthly power.

The Problem of 'Human-Cosmos' and Choice

The issue delves into the choice facing humanity: to embrace consumerism and abandon freedom and spirituality for earthly comforts, or to find new breath and achieve freedom. This choice is intrinsically linked to the 'human-cosmos' relationship – whether humanity is seen as cosmic robots manipulated from without, or as part of a larger, spiritual whole with freedom. This choice is fundamentally moral, not purely scientific. The problem of 'human-cosmos' thus acquires ethical and worldview significance, transcending the current scientific framework.

Understanding Anomalous Phenomena and the Role of Self-Knowledge

Simultaneously, the problem of cognitively understanding anomalous phenomena remains. If these phenomena are natural, their study involves practical application. However, if they involve contact with extraterrestrial life, the concepts of 'life,' 'psychic,' and 'rational' need redefinition. The article critiques the approach of accumulating vast amounts of data in hopes of forming a hypothesis, suggesting its limited productivity. It argues that the unknown environment will not become clearer by forcing it into our consciousness, as anything that doesn't fit will remain a 'miracle.'

Instead, the article proposes that understanding anomalous phenomena should stem from self-knowledge – understanding one's own nature, psyche, and reason. This path is deemed potentially more effective. An analogy is drawn with bees and a beekeeper: bees operate according to their instincts, unaware of the beekeeper's goals. Only by understanding their own nature and their relationship to the beekeeper can they achieve rational conclusions and contact.

The 'Cosmic Bee' Analogy and Ethical Implications

This analogy is extended to humanity's relationship with the cosmos. If humanity is likened to 'cosmic bees,' it does not diminish their freedom or spirituality. If humanity is part of a larger, spiritual cosmos, then this relationship is not hostile. The cosmos does not aim to manipulate humanity as politicians manipulate public opinion. Instead, each part of the whole realizes its calling, contributing to the greater entity. This realization of one's natural essence and human identity within the whole is freedom, leading to evolution and continued life.

A. D. Moskovchenko: UFOs and the Structure of Scientific Knowledge

In the article "UFOs FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE MODERN STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE," A. D. Moskovchenko, a candidate of philosophical sciences and associate professor at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, presents a framework for understanding UFOs. He notes that researchers approach UFOs either as natural phenomena or as 'cosmic miracles.' Moskovchenko argues for a synthesis of these opposing scientific views by understanding the structure of modern scientific knowledge.

He identifies two main streams in scientific knowledge: fundamental and technological. Fundamental sciences view phenomena as natural, while technological sciences view them as artificial and designed. These streams create complementary yet seemingly exclusive pictures of reality. Fundamental science provides the basis for technology, which in turn integrates fundamental knowledge into human activity. New technologies are created based on fundamental laws, and technological knowledge clarifies fundamental knowledge.

Moskovchenko outlines four integrative lines in modern scientific knowledge:
1. Fundamental Integration: Captures the natural mechanisms of natural and social phenomena (past and future).
2. Technological Integration: Captures the mechanisms of designing natural and social phenomena (past and future).
3. Futurological Integration: Captures the mechanisms of predicting natural and artificial phenomena.
4. Historical Integration: Captures the mechanisms of the formation, development, and disappearance of natural and artificial phenomena.

• Applying these to UFOs:
• Fundamental Orientation: Views UFOs as a natural phenomenon, a symbiosis of the natural and social across past, present, and future.
• Technological Orientation: Views UFOs as products of human technological activity or astroengineering.
• Futurological Orientation: Views UFOs as natural or social phenomena that have reached a high stage of development, or as products of potential human activity.
• Historical Orientation: Views UFOs as manifestations of long-vanished human or extraterrestrial civilizations.

Moskovchenko predicts the emergence of a unified fundamental-technological knowledge where natural and social, natural and artificial, merge. UFOs will be seen as a symbiosis of the natural and social, natural and artificial, shaped by both human and extraterrestrial civilizations. He concludes that the problem of UFOs is exceptionally complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating all accumulated human knowledge.

V. K. Zhuravlev: Criteria for Distinguishing Natural and Artificial Phenomena

In the article "CRITERIA FOR DISTINGUISHING NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PHENOMENA," V. K. Zhuravlev, a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences and researcher at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, addresses the challenge of identifying the origin of phenomena, particularly in the context of searching for extraterrestrial civilizations.

Zhuravlev notes that in everyday life, distinguishing between natural and artificial phenomena is usually straightforward. However, the search for extraterrestrial signals and traces since the 1960s has revealed difficulties in identifying phenomena and objects. He proposes several types of criteria for distinguishing between natural and artificial phenomena, categorized by scientific disciplines.

Mathematical Criteria

One mathematical criterion is strict geometricity, considered a clear sign of intelligent activity. The article mentions early 20th-century ideas about the habitability of Mars and proposals for exchanging signals with Martians as examples of this approach.

Literature and Conclusion

The issue concludes with a list of 12 references, primarily to works by Russian scientists like V. I. Vernadsky, K. E. Tsiolkovsky, and I. S. Shklovsky, as well as Soviet publications on related topics. The overall stance of the magazine appears to be that the study of UFOs requires a broad, interdisciplinary approach, integrating scientific, philosophical, and even spiritual perspectives, and that a unified "universal science" is needed to address these complex issues.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature of UFOs, their potential origins (natural, artificial, or extraterrestrial), and the philosophical implications for humanity's understanding of itself and its place in the cosmos. There is a strong emphasis on the need for a unified scientific approach that bridges the gap between fundamental and technological knowledge, and between objective and subjective reality. The editorial stance appears to advocate for a holistic, interdisciplinary perspective that acknowledges the complexity of UFO phenomena and their potential to expand human consciousness and understanding of the universe. The issue also touches upon the ethical dimensions of humanity's interaction with the cosmos and the importance of freedom and responsibility.

This document appears to be a collection of articles from a scientific or speculative publication, likely from the late 20th century, focusing on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and the criteria for identifying artificial objects and civilizations. The content delves into various scientific and philosophical aspects, proposing methods to distinguish natural phenomena from technologically advanced creations.

Criteria for Identifying Artificial Objects and Civilizations

The document outlines several categories of criteria for identifying artificial objects and the presence of advanced civilizations:

Geometric and Archeological Criteria

Geometric shapes found in archeological discoveries are often identified as artificial artifacts. The precision of geometric parameters can indicate the level of a civilization's development. The degree of order in sequences of electromagnetic or other signals, measured by information entropy, reflects the complexity and functional state of the system. Similarly, structural entropy characterizes the organization of material objects. The primary criterion for artificiality is the prevalence of order over chaos.

Serial Production

The probability of identifying a phenomenon, object, or signal as artificial increases if sequences of identical or geometrically similar objects, signals, or traces are found, suggesting "serial production."

Temporal Regularity

The appearance of objects or signals at specific times, with uniform spacing, or following a mathematical law over time, are also indicators of artificiality.

Mathematical and Physical Constants

Objects exhibiting forms, proportions, projections, or traces that incorporate universal mathematical or physical constants (like pi, e, the fine-structure constant, planetary orbit sizes, or magic numbers from the periodic table) are considered artificial. Early successes in this area include the proportions of pyramids and Stonehenge, and alleged signal exchanges with UFOs. The golden ratio (Fibonacci number) is also mentioned as a potential indicator of highly developed civilizations.

Physical and Engineering-Technical Criteria

Any physical state of matter can be used by intelligent beings to create objects. However, highly organized artifacts are optimally in a solid state. The presence of solid-state structures with distinct geometric patterns, or objects that can be identified as machines, whether on planetary surfaces or in space, are considered unambiguous signs of civilization.

#### Light Sources

Geometric and optical light sources, often classified as unidentified atmospheric phenomena (UAPs), are frequently observed. Reports of bright sources emitting directed beams, like lasers or searchlights, have increased. Since modern atmospheric optics cannot explain such phenomena naturally, they are often identified as artificial. Pure spectral colors and complex, patterned changes in light (light music) are also characteristic of artificial sources, though similar phenomena can occur in auroras.

#### Infrared Radiation

Compact sources of infrared radiation are a hallmark of highly developed technical civilizations. The concentration and transformation of energy, a fundamental process, inevitably lead to heat release. Infrared radiation is a direct indicator of intelligent activity and its intensity, as well as the efficiency of energy expenditure. It can reveal industrial centers, transport, and even collective human activity. The concept of "Dyson spheres," constructed by Type II civilizations to maximize stellar energy utilization, is discussed. The 1983 IRAS infrared telescope survey detected potential candidates for Dyson spheres in the Milky Way.

#### Electromagnetic, Magnetic, and Electrical Phenomena

These phenomena are as significant as optical ones in indicating intelligent activity, though less analyzed in the context of SETI. The abundance of television and radio broadcasting on Earth has made it a bright source of radiation in the radio spectrum, yet no similar sources have been found elsewhere in the galaxy.

#### Magnetic Fields

Civilizations utilizing powerful magnetic fields, potentially through high-temperature superconductivity, could generate phenomena resembling poltergeist effects. The long-lasting impact of powerful magnetic fields on the paleomagnetic background can reveal information about the source's size, proportions, and symmetry.

#### "Fireballs" and Ball Lightning

"Fireballs," often identified with ball lightning (low-temperature plasma stabilized by electromagnetic fields), exhibit behavior that can be associated with "intelligent behavior." Their "interest" in electrical and magnetic microanomalies, possibly related to energy-information exchange, has been observed by expeditions. Hypotheses suggest the creation of robots acting as "interrogating devices" based on plasma-field structures similar to ball lightning.

#### Acoustic Phenomena

While optical and electromagnetic anomalies are considered, acoustic phenomena with signs of organization and intelligence have not been discussed or observed. UFO sightings are sometimes accompanied by "light music," but there is no data on ordered acoustic waves.

Chemical and Geochemical Criteria

Geochemical anomalies that deviate from established planetary patterns can be traces of extraterrestrial civilization activity. These include changes in typical element concentrations and isotopic shifts due to foreign matter. Chemical halos around foreign bodies in soil, seabeds, or the lithosphere can also be indicative. The distribution of isotopes, elements, minerals, and rocks reflects a planet's history. Advanced civilizations using chemical and nuclear technologies fundamentally alter a planet's geochemistry. Chemical halos from terrestrial technology are common. Increased "clarks" (percentage content) of rare and scattered elements can quantify civilization activity. The document lists specific rare elements with minimal clarks, such as platinum group metals, gold, selenium, tellurium, iodine, mercury, bismuth, and rare-earth elements like thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium. For meteorites, rhenium and bismuth are noted, with terbium, holmium, and europium being the rarest rare-earth elements.

#### Chemical Composition of Objects

The chemical composition of objects suspected of extraterrestrial origin can provide a quantitative assessment of their likelihood. A civilization could create objects with any composition, including combinations of elements highly improbable from a natural perspective, serving as strong evidence for artificiality. Examples include the study of rare-earth alloys found in Komi, slags and metallic droplets from Dalnegorsk, and investigations near the Tunguska event site.

#### Nuclear-Chemical and Nuclear-Physical Anomalies

These are considered even more definitive traces of technological activity. However, with the rapid development of nuclear technologies on Earth, identifying such traces from extraterrestrial civilizations is becoming more difficult. Direct evidence includes isotopic shifts in the biosphere and the presence of artificial radioactive isotopes. Indirect evidence includes anomalies in the thermoluminescence of minerals, accumulation of defects, and mutations in flora and fauna caused by nuclear radiation or engines based on particle acceleration.

Types of Civilizations

Ambiguity of Criteria

Most proposed criteria can be explained by natural phenomena. Geometry is prevalent in nature, celestial bodies have regular orbits, radio signals from pulsars are natural, the golden ratio appears in nature and plants, gold is naturally concentrated, and even natural nuclear reactors have been found. Therefore, no single criterion is definitive. However, the coincidence of multiple diverse signs increases the probability of artificial origin. Researchers are advised to adhere to the principle of "presumption of naturalness" (I. Shklovsky) to avoid absurd conclusions.

Catalysts of the Universe

In 1962, I. Shklovsky proposed the concept of "cosmic miracles" as signs of astroengineering activity. Such activity would appear as violations of natural laws. This view suggests that civilization's purpose is to counteract the natural tendency towards entropy and disorder. The "Vecherovsky Law" from a Strugatsky brothers' story posits that "super-civilizations" that overcome the law of increasing entropy are met with resistance from the universe itself, which is defending itself.

Characteristics of "High Civilization"

High civilization is characterized by geometric forms devoid of "excesses," rigid rationality, high chemical purity, concentration of rare atoms, highly directional light beams, asymmetry in art, and dissonance in music. These criteria represent the production of "purified negentropy," which involves maximum suppression of chaos and limitation of degrees of freedom.

Harmony and Evolution

A. Dmitriev proposed the concept of "bitropy" to analyze evolution. Bitropy measures a system's deviation from equilibrium between order and chaos. Zero bitropy signifies harmony, but this state lacks evolutionary drive. Civilizations in perfect harmony may face stagnation or destruction. The universe will inevitably disrupt this equilibrium, pushing towards either entropy or negentropy. Advanced civilizations may consciously choose to deviate from equilibrium, recognizing it as the only way to survive in an evolving world. The quote "Everything that exists began with rebellion" (Voloshin) is cited. The degree of deviation from equilibrium is more limited for more complex civilizations.

This scheme suggests that the criteria for civilization level differ from I. Shklovsky's ideal. A. Dmitriev noted that if an object's artificiality exceeds our current technical level, it is automatically reclassified as "natural." This implies that highly developed civilizations may not oppose natural evolutionary trends but rather harmonize with them, becoming "invisible" to us as they act as executors of nature's tendencies.

The Value of Earth's Experience

Currently, we are more likely to encounter civilizations in a similar phase of deviation from the ideal trajectory. Given the inexhaustible nature of the universe, even a technically advanced society would find it challenging to precisely define the permissible "deviation" from an ideal path, leading to miscalculations. Since the time available for civilizations to accumulate experience is finite, and their histories are largely unique, Earth's experience is likely to be valuable to intelligent beings in the universe.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes revolve around the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), the scientific and philosophical criteria for identifying artificiality, and the potential evolutionary paths of civilizations. The publication seems to adopt a rational, evidence-based approach, while acknowledging speculative possibilities. It emphasizes the need for rigorous analysis and the principle of naturalness, while also exploring more theoretical concepts like bitropy and the role of civilizations as cosmic catalysts. The underlying stance appears to be one of scientific curiosity and a belief in the potential for advanced intelligence beyond Earth, coupled with a caution against premature conclusions.

This issue of the magazine, identified by page numbers 81-90, focuses on the theme of "Bioinformation Processes in the Organic World" (БИОИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ОРГАНИЧЕСКОМ МИРЕ), authored by A. G. Bakirov. The content delves into advanced concepts of life, moving beyond traditional biological and chemical explanations to explore subtle energy interactions and communication within and between species.

Theoretical Foundations and New Concepts

The issue begins by referencing the work of V. I. Vernadsky, the creator of the doctrine of living matter and the biosphere. While Vernadsky emphasized the macro-molecular nature of living matter, the authors highlight his recognition of the crucial role of radiant (light) energy and solar energy in life's origin. The analysis presented suggests that living matter, as a unique form of material organization, cannot be explained solely by the physical properties of matter with rest mass or kinetic mass. Instead, it is proposed as a special form of matter's movement where molecular and field-based material forms interact in a specific way. The concept of "field form" of living matter, possessing only kinetic mass, is introduced, suggesting its potential for spatial movement, but emphasizing that its evolution and reproduction are contingent upon material-molecular environments that ensure the unity of field and molecular flows.

Modern scientific and practical psychotronics is presented as an important branch of Earth's planetology, requiring research into its numerous physical and chemical factors. Factor analysis is described as the study of the totality of factors on Earth, encompassing global (cosmoplanetary) and regional harmonic influences. Regarding living matter, the authors distinguish between strong and weak ecological connections. Strong connections are traditional and well-understood, involving constants and coefficients of climate fluctuations, electrical, sound, and electromagnetic fields, and various atmospheric transfers. These lead to numerous linear interactions affecting biosphere dynamics, crop yields, human adaptation, and the water and gas cycles.

The issue also references new data in modern natural science concerning non-equilibrium, dissipative systems (e.g., E. Bauer, I. Prigogine), phase states, non-linear physical and chemical processes, microlepton processes, and other phenomena that necessitate unconventional scientific approaches. It is suggested that at the fundamental level, living organisms are based not only on macromolecular cooperative organizations but also on more complex, deep quantum-field, electromagnetic constellations that form the basis of their non-equilibrium, negentropic structure. This forms the foundation for the macro-molecular, biochemical, and physical structure of protists and eukaryotes, and the diversity of the biosphere. This understanding is deemed crucial for comprehending human evolution, including neuro-psychological and intellectual aspects.

Weak Ecological Connections and Electromagnetic Influences

Weak ecological connections are presented as a fundamentally new phenomenon in the origin and organization of life on Earth as a cosmic process, distinct from the quantitative differences of strong connections. The issue posits that life on Earth emerged and exists within this cosmoplanetary world. The interaction between strong and weak connections of living matter is explored, raising questions about our origins and future.

Research on Distant Intercellular Interactions (DMI)

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to research conducted at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in Novosibirsk. Since 1966, studies have focused on the phenomenon of distant intercellular interactions (DMI), which are influenced by electromagnetic radiation in the UV and IR ranges. Cell cultures are used as bio-indicators of external influences. Experiments have shown that when there is optical contact between two isolated tissue cultures, a distant interaction occurs, manifesting as a repetition of morphological signs of the cytopathic effect induced in one culture by viruses, mercury bichloride, or intense UV irradiation, in the other, intact culture.

Research into the ultra-weak radiation emitted by human and animal cells has led to the conclusion that these cells emit quanta of the electromagnetic field, which is a necessary manifestation of their vital activity. This radiation is described as forming a unique electromagnetic field that serves as an internal information transmission system for the cell, without which life would be impossible.

The methodology employed utilizes biological detection, inspired by A. G. Gurvich. Experiments involved using cell cultures infected with viruses or poisoned with mercury bichloride as sources of specific signals encoded in the ultra-weak luminescence of informational cells. An intact cell culture served as the detector for this radiation. In the intact culture cells, which had only optical contact with the affected tissue, all morphological signs of the extreme state specific to the agent were observed. This is termed the "mirror" cytopathic effect ("3" CPE).

These DMI phenomena have been observed in various primary and passaged homologous cell cultures, regardless of whether the extreme agents were biological (viruses), chemical (cell poisons), or physical (UV radiation). This suggests the universality of the phenomenon, with the morphological manifestation of DMI ("mirror" CPE) being specific to each extreme agent. The differences in the radiation emitted by affected cells are attributed to the varying dynamics of cell radiation when attacked by different viruses.

The intensity of radiation detected by physical detectors is estimated at approximately 10^3 quanta/cm² sec, corresponding to a power flux per cell of about 10^-10 to 10^-8 erg/cm sec.

Human-Animal Communication and Biofield

The issue also explores the potential for bioinformational interaction between humans and animals, citing numerous examples. These include:

• Dogs finding their owners after being abandoned hundreds of kilometers away.
• Cats returning home after several years.
• A dog howling when its owner, in a near-death state, was in an adjacent room.
• Dolphins saving drowning people and orcas protecting humans from sharks.
• The strong bond between a sea lion named Roma and his trainer, where Roma hides the trainer's diving gear.
• The attempt by scientist John C. Lilly to teach a dolphin English, highlighting the dolphin's strong desire for knowledge and its own complex communication system.
• A cat protecting a newborn baby during a severe earthquake in Spitak.
• Horses forming a protective circle around a child lying on the ground.
• A boy in Borneo forming a friendship with a seven-meter python.
• A dog saving its owner from falling off a cliff.
• Animals seeking refuge with humans during danger, such as a hare entering a car to escape a fox, or a wounded elk seeking help in a village.

These instances are interpreted as evidence of bioinformational interaction, suggesting a harmony and intuitive understanding between humans and animals, based on a form of energetic-informational resonance.

Further Research and Implications

Experiments involving groups of identical snails in France and the USA demonstrated that when snails in France were subjected to electric shock, those in the USA reacted similarly, indicating a form of remote connection.

The research also touches upon the work of P. I. Marikovsky, who studied the behavior of Hyalomma asiaticum ticks in Central Asian deserts. These ticks are attracted to humans, and experiments suggest they can detect human presence through radiation, as they lost their orientation when the researcher's head was covered with an iron mesh.

The issue references the cytopathic effect identified by V. P. Kaznacheev and L. P. Mikhailova, and the bioenergetic effects of experimenters on biological objects, including the influence of a bio-locating operator's biofield on bacterial cultures.

It also mentions the Baxter effect, illustrating bioinformational interaction between humans and plants, and studies by E. Ya. Meilitssev on the bioenergetic interactions between humans and trees, where some trees are believed to provide energy while others absorb it.

The authors emphasize the importance of considering bioinformational inter-species and intra-species communication, based on extrasensory perception, for a deeper understanding of animal behavior, biocenoses, and symbiosis.

Many animals are noted for their prognostic abilities, stemming from their high sensitivity to various natural radiations (electromagnetic, ultrasonic, infrasonic). These abilities allow them to predict weather, the severity of winters, and the occurrence of earthquakes and typhoons, often reflected in folk omens.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the concept of bioinformation, the interconnectedness of living organisms through subtle energy fields, and the limitations of purely materialistic explanations for life's phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for the exploration and acceptance of these less conventional scientific concepts, particularly in the realms of parapsychology, bioenergetics, and inter-species communication, suggesting that these areas hold significant potential for future scientific understanding and application, especially in areas like medicine and the study of consciousness.

This issue of the magazine, identified by page numbers 91-100, focuses on the "Review of the Current State of Development of a New Paradigm of Knowledge" (Обзор современного состояния разработки новой парадигмы познания), authored by I. A. Nepomnjaschih.

The Evolution of Scientific Paradigms

The article begins by discussing the limitations of traditional scientific approaches, particularly the first paradigm, which relies on analytical methods and the replacement of objects with systems of concepts. This paradigm, while providing rigor, often fails to capture the full complexity of phenomena, especially those related to consciousness and subtle energies. The author references scientists like Albert Einstein, who emphasized the belief in an ordered and knowable reality, and V. V. Dokuchaev and Henri Poincaré, who suggested that understanding the relationships and interactions between objects is crucial, rather than just analyzing individual components.

The First Paradigm: Analytical Approach

The first paradigm is characterized by its reliance on empirical data and laboratory experiments, where objects are studied through abstract concepts and systems. While this approach allows for precise problem formulation and methodological rigor, it can lead to a loss of information about the object itself. The text notes that many phenomena relevant to the seminar's topic, such as non-periodic rapid events, are not captured by this paradigm because they are not fixed by its principles.

The Second Paradigm: Holistic and Interaction-Based

The second paradigm, advocated by scientists like V. V. Dokuchaev and A. Poincaré, shifts the focus from analyzing individual objects to studying their interactions and relationships. This approach is seen as more applicable to understanding complex systems like Earth and its processes. The article highlights quantum mechanics as an example where the interaction between subsystems is key, leading to a holistic view. This paradigm uses natural, often biological, objects as sensors, emphasizing resonance and interaction.

The Third Paradigm: Psychophysical and Experiential

The third paradigm, associated with figures like Stanislav Grof, involves direct human experience and subjective states. It explores unusual states of consciousness, often induced by psychedelics or other methods, where information is perceived non-locally and trans-temporally. This paradigm is characterized by its strong connection to the individual researcher and the potential for exploring psychophysical phenomena. However, it faces challenges with reproducibility and objective control.

Biolocation and its Role

A significant portion of the article is dedicated to the method of biolocation (also known as dowsing or radiesthesia). The author posits that biolocation aligns with the second paradigm of knowledge, as it involves the interaction of natural biological or mineralogical objects (sensors) with the target phenomena. This method is presented as a way to overcome the limitations of the first paradigm, allowing for the study of phenomena like UFOs and poltergeists, which are often linked to specific psychic states or geopathogenic zones.

Biolocation is described as a method that can investigate not only physical locations but also historical events and future possibilities related to Earth. It is contrasted with the first paradigm's reliance on artificial sensors and systems of concepts, emphasizing direct comparison of the object with the sensor.

Integration and Future Directions

The article suggests that the optimal approach to understanding complex phenomena lies in a combination of accuracy and informativeness, as proposed by the principle of complementarity. While the first paradigm offers accuracy, it lacks informativeness for many phenomena. The second paradigm offers a better balance, and the third paradigm maximizes informativeness but sacrifices control. The author implies that a synthesis of these approaches, possibly incorporating ancient wisdom with modern scientific techniques, is necessary for a more complete understanding of nature and consciousness.

The text also references the concept of the noosphere, as developed by V. I. Vernadsky, suggesting that the study of human-animal-plant interactions and their informational exchange represents a new qualitative leap in understanding this sphere.

Literature Cited

The issue includes an extensive bibliography, citing numerous works on topics ranging from animal behavior and consciousness to scientific methodology, parapsychology, and geophysics. Notable references include works by John Lilly, Konrad Lorenz, Stanislav Grof, and various Russian scientists.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature of scientific knowledge, the limitations of existing paradigms, and the exploration of alternative methods of inquiry, particularly biolocation. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for a broader, more inclusive approach to science that can encompass phenomena currently outside the scope of traditional analytical methods. There is a clear interest in understanding the interconnectedness of natural systems and the potential for consciousness to interact with and perceive information beyond the conventional senses.

This issue, comprising pages 101-110, focuses on experimental research and theoretical justifications for extrasensory abilities and their manifestations. The primary article, authored by V. A. Fomin, delves into the scientific and theoretical underpinnings of these phenomena, proposing a novel concept of an 'information-regulatory structure' (IRS) and its relationship with biological structures.

Theoretical Framework of Extrasensory Abilities

The article begins by introducing Yuri Alexandrovich Fomin, born in 1923, a specialist in automated process control systems (APCS) and a senior researcher at VZIPP. Since 1956, he has been studying UFOs, parapsychology, and extraterrestrial life forms, publishing numerous works. Fomin posits that extrasensory abilities are fundamentally linked to the creation, transmission, and realization of information.

The Role of Information and Biological Structures

Fomin's research highlights the importance of identifying the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of information carriers and methods for its preservation, transmission, and replication. He explains that the development of any living organism is tied to the execution of 'programs' or 'informational matrices' passed down through heredity, with modifications from acquired information. In higher animals, the fertilized egg (zygote) is the primary carrier of this hereditary information. Experiments by Gurdon on cloning and subsequent research suggest that all hereditary information, including developmental programs, is concentrated within the cell nucleus. Each cell nucleus, whether germ or somatic, is believed to contain the complete developmental program for the organism.

The information capacity of a human cell nucleus is estimated at 5.2 x 10^9 bits, based on the known number of nucleotide pairs. However, the actively used portion is significantly less, around 10^5-10^6 bits, with some parallel, unused programs also existing. The total volume of information determining all programs and hereditary memory is estimated not to exceed ~10^9 bits.

Information Processing and Storage in Organisms

Organisms not only process inherited information but also acquire new information through sensory organs, leading to reproduction of information via thought. The total volume of information processed by a human over 60 years is estimated to be between 10^20 (von Neumann) and 10^16 bits (Wulridge). Penfield's experiments suggest that all acquired and reproduced information is retained throughout life and can be recalled under certain conditions. However, the brain's capacity is insufficient to store all this information, leading to the conclusion that the cerebral cortex is not the sole storage site.

The informational field of a human is estimated to require a volume of at least 10^22-10^25 bits. The process of organism formation involves strict cell differentiation and programmed placement. To explain this, Weiss proposed the concept of a 'morphogenetic field' that permeates the developing organism and carries program information, suggesting the existence of extracellular informational structures. This hypothesis helps reconcile the discrepancy between the information capacity of a cell nucleus and the vast informational field of a human.

Experimental Evidence and the IRS Hypothesis

Experimental data from parapsychologists like Safonov and Zelinsky indicate that the informational complex of humans and animals persists after death, regardless of burial, and can be partially reproduced under specific conditions. To explain these phenomena and discrepancies, Fomin developed the hypothesis of 'information-regulatory structures' (IRS) – extracellular, multidimensional formations containing complete organismic information and regulating its functions. The IRS forms at conception and persists throughout life and after death.

The biological structure (BS) is described as a three-dimensional trace or manifestation of the IRS, representing its existence and functioning. Each cell is connected to and controlled by the IRS. The IRS is refined by the BS, which acts as an information source from the environment and provides material-energetic support. Disruptions to the BS can impair the IRS's ability to function, leading to death, while the IRS itself may be preserved in a conserved state without energy.

Model of Biological and Information-Regulatory Structures

Figure 1 illustrates a model of the biological and information-regulatory structures of a human. The IRS is composed of inherited complexes (global and individual programs, conditioned reflexes, hereditary memory) and mechanisms for information accumulation, self-awareness (memory), and program realization. The BS includes sensory organs, the brain (mechanism of self-awareness, mechanism of volition via the nervous system), anatomical-physiological elements, and mechanisms for physical action. The interaction between IRS and BS is crucial for organismic function.

Figure 2 depicts the interrelationship between information-regulatory structures, showing channels for object selection, information transfer, and influence. The IRS is semi-closed, allowing contact with other IRSs through channels X, Y, A, and B. Channel X is used by an initiator to identify a subject, either through direct perception or symbolic representations (photographs, objects). Channel X also facilitates energetic support for the partner's IRS, especially for conserved IRSs.

Channels A and B are for receiving and transmitting requested information, while channel Y is for influencing the partner, primarily through the nervous system. Initiators (inductors) typically select recipients (recipients) and exert influence, but recipients can also initiate contact and access the inductor's matrices. This is exemplified by televised sessions with psychics like Chumak and Kashpirovsky, where pre-recorded sessions allow recipients to subconsciously form a connection and receive influence.

Mechanisms of Influence and Healing

During healing or matrix formation, the inductor determines the commands to be transmitted, specifying the location and nature of the influence. This can be achieved through various methods, including passes over specific body parts (Dzhuna Davitashvili), visualization of a phantom (Chumak), verbal instructions (Kashpirovsky), or using a pendulum over an anatomical atlas. Some practitioners use incantations or prayers, which serve to help the inductor concentrate their will and formulate commands. The most advanced form of extrasensory influence is purely mental.

Multidimensionality and Consciousness

Most individuals possess latent extrasensory abilities that are often underdeveloped due to lack of training. The IRS hypothesis offers explanations for phenomena like hypnosis, telepathy, and spiritualism, previously considered inexplicable. It also helps define the boundaries of extrasensory influence. However, these conclusions require further validation by resolving questions about the existence and interaction of IRSs with biological structures.

The Concept of 'Field' in Physics

Modern physics struggles to explain the fundamental concept of a 'field,' which describes observed interactions but whose nature remains elusive. Despite centuries of study since Newton, no significant progress has been made in understanding its fundamental nature.

Multidimensional Space-Time

Emerging concepts in physics suggest a new worldview based on multidimensional space and time, expanding our understanding of the universe. While conventional physics considers space as three-dimensional and time as the fourth dimension, forming a four-dimensional continuum, the multidimensionality concept posits more dimensions in both space and time. The four-dimensional continuum is seen as a limited representation of this more complex structure, constrained by our perceptual abilities.

Exploring Higher Dimensions

Since direct perception of higher dimensions is impossible, indirect investigation is necessary. This relies on the assumption that patterns observed in lower dimensions will also manifest in higher, unknown dimensions. The article uses analogies of point, line, plane, and volume to illustrate the relationship between different dimensions. A higher-dimensional system can contain an infinite number of lower-dimensional systems. Distances are relative to the measurement system; in higher dimensions, distances can be reduced to zero or infinity. Curvature of space in a higher dimension is not detectable in a lower one.

Physical objects can manifest in various dimensions, with lower dimensions carrying less information. Complex objects appear in lower dimensions as traces or projections. Interconnections between elements of complex physical bodies can be hidden in lower dimensions. For example, a three-dimensional object projected onto a plane might appear as three independent bodies with an implicit connection.

Postulates of Dimensional Interrelation

Six postulates describe the interrelationships between measurement systems: 1. Higher-dimensional systems can contain infinite lower-dimensional systems. 2. Concepts of distance are relative to the measurement system. 3. Curvature in higher dimensions is undetectable in lower ones. 4. Objects manifest differently across dimensions, with lower dimensions showing traces. 5. Hidden interconnections exist in lower dimensions. 6. Lower-dimensional systems can collapse into a point in higher dimensions without losing integrity.

These postulates, based on the analysis of three known spatial dimensions, suggest that if the hypothesis of multidimensionality is correct, it can reveal manifestations of higher dimensions. An example is the astrophysical concept of 'space curvature,' where the density of matter determines the universe's curvature. This is analogous to a heavy ball deforming a flat surface, illustrating curvature in a higher dimension.

If our three-dimensional world undergoes curvature, it likely occurs in a fourth spatial dimension. The concept of dimensionality is tied to conscious perception; reality itself is multidimensional. The hypothesis of multidimensionality offers an explanation for anomalous phenomena, including various forms of extrasensory abilities, by defining the location of IRSs and their connection to biological structures, as well as their vast information capacity.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly advocates for a theoretical framework that integrates parapsychology with physics, particularly through the concept of multidimensionality and information-regulatory structures. The editorial stance appears to be one of exploring and validating unconventional scientific hypotheses, suggesting that phenomena currently considered anomalous may be explained by a more comprehensive understanding of reality, including higher dimensions and the nature of information. The focus is on providing a theoretical basis for observed psychic phenomena, moving beyond mere description to offer potential mechanisms and explanations.

This issue of "Nauka i Tekhnika" (Science and Technology) from November 1990, published in the Soviet Union, focuses on the methodology of studying paranormal biological and psychological phenomena. The issue features articles by G. F. Plekhanov, a Doctor of Biological Sciences, and explores various pseudoscientific concepts and their potential scientific explanations.

Biological Fields and Biopoles

The issue begins by discussing the concept of 'biological fields' or 'biopoles,' which are often invoked to explain phenomena not readily understood by conventional science. The author expresses skepticism, noting that the concept of a 'field' is only meaningful if it can be mathematically described, and even then, its physical essence remains unclear. The 'biopole' concept is criticized for lacking mathematical description or identifiable characteristics, rendering it an abstraction. The article suggests that phenomena attributed to biopoles may have a fundamentally different nature, unrelated to field effects.

Methodology of Studying Paranormal Phenomena

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to the methodological principles for investigating paranormal biological and psychological phenomena. G. F. Plekhanov, director of the Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics at Tomsk University, is highlighted. The article emphasizes that the study of these phenomena relies on general scientific principles, particularly the stimulus-object-reaction (or input-system-output) model. The author stresses the need for significantly greater rigor in research design and interpretation due to the often 'inverse' or 'internal' nature of the tasks involved, where the stimulus or object may not be clearly defined.

Types of Scientific Tasks

Three types of scientific tasks are outlined:

1. Direct Task: Given stimulus and object, determine the reaction. This is solvable if stimulus and object parameters are well-defined.
2. Inverse Task: Given object and reaction, determine the stimulus. This often leads to multiple solutions.
3. Internal Task: Given stimulus and reaction, determine the object. This is generally unsolvable but can be successful in understanding 'black box' systems.

Paranormal research often falls into the second or third category, lacking straightforward solutions and demanding stricter approaches.

Common Research Pitfalls

The article points out that many scientific studies, including those in biology and psychology, follow incomplete schemes where one element of the stimulus-object-reaction triad is missing. This is common in taxonomy, floristics, and faunistics, where the stimulus (causes of observed characteristics) is often implied rather than directly studied.

Case Studies and Explanations

The issue then examines specific examples to illustrate the complexities and potential pitfalls in studying paranormal phenomena:

The 'Clever Hans' Phenomenon

The case of 'Clever Hans,' a horse that appeared to perform arithmetic, is detailed. Investigations revealed that Hans was not performing calculations but was responding to subtle, unconscious cues from the questioner, such as changes in breathing or eye movements. This demonstrates the importance of controlling for experimenter bias and the power of subconscious perception and ideomotor acts.

Ideomotor Acts and 'Mind Reading'

The article explains phenomena often presented as 'psychological experiments' or 'mind reading' (e.g., by Messing, Castello) as manifestations of ideomotor acts. These are involuntary muscle movements that occur in response to thoughts or intentions. The author cites Count Tarkhanov's work on 'muscle reading' and I. M. Sechenov's observations on the link between thought and muscle movement. In these experiments, the 'percipient' unconsciously follows the subtle movements or cues of the 'inductor' (the person thinking of the task).

Telepathy Experiments

Experiments described as 'telepathy' are also attributed to ideomotor acts and subconscious perception. In a typical setup involving selecting objects, the 'inductor' (person thinking of the object) unconsciously guides the 'percipient' through subtle movements or directional cues. The article suggests that with practice and careful control, these experiments can be made to appear successful, but they do not indicate true telepathic ability.

Telekinesis

Claims of telekinesis are similarly debunked. Experiments involving moving a pendulum or a needle are explained by the operator's involuntary muscle movements, often amplified by suggestion and the environment. The article states that true telekinesis is not demonstrated, but rather the operator's ability to influence the object through subtle physical actions, often unconsciously.

Spiritualism and Ouija Boards

Spiritualist séances involving Ouija boards are analyzed as another example of ideomotor acts. The movement of the planchette is attributed to the collective, unconscious muscle movements of the participants, who are subconsciously guided by the 'leader' or by the information they are trying to elicit. The 'writing' on the board is a result of these subtle movements, not communication with spirits.

Empirical Generalizations

The issue concludes with several empirical generalizations based on the discussed phenomena:

1. Unconscious Manifestation of Thought: Human thoughts are involuntarily expressed through unconscious reactions, such as subtle muscle movements, which can be registered by appropriate methods (e.g., a 'lie detector').
2. Subconscious Information Processing: Humans can unconsciously perceive and process significantly more information than they are consciously aware of. This includes weak specific signals (e.g., faint sounds, low-intensity stimuli) and non-specific signals (e.g., infrasound, magnetic fields, radiation).
3. Subconscious Image Formation: The subconscious mind can process information, form images, and interpret them. These processes, while occurring subconsciously, can manifest through observable, involuntary reactions.

Biolocation

Biolocation, using tools like dowsing rods or pendulums, is presented as a method where an operator's involuntary movements, guided by subconscious perception of subtle environmental cues (e.g., underground water, cables), cause the tool to react. While the method can be more accurate than chance, especially with experienced operators, the article notes that phenomena like the 'aftereffect' (residual reaction after the stimulus is removed) often lack reproducibility without a human operator to transmit information via 'Clever Hans'-like mechanisms.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the critical examination of paranormal phenomena through the lens of established scientific methodology. The editorial stance is one of skepticism towards supernatural explanations, favoring explanations based on known psychological and physiological mechanisms, such as ideomotor acts, subconscious perception, and experimental error. The publication advocates for rigorous scientific investigation, emphasizing the need for controlled experiments, objective data, and a cautious interpretation of results, while acknowledging the complexity and potential for subtle influences in human perception and behavior.

This issue of "Ecology and Technosphere" (ЭКОЛОГИЯ И ТЕХНОСФЕРА) presents a collection of articles and discussions focused on the complex relationship between human industrial activity and the natural environment. The content spans from philosophical considerations of human impact on the planet to specific ecological challenges and potential solutions.

The Nature of Perception and Information Processing

The first section, found on page 121, delves into the nature of perception and information processing, particularly in relation to paranormal phenomena. It suggests that human subconsciousness is highly aware of internal bodily states, which can be perceived by operators or sensitives. The article posits that information is processed through a combination of prior knowledge and incoming signals, explaining why descriptions of the same event can vary. It also highlights the influence of the interviewer in shaping an eyewitness's account, noting a shift from traditional folklore figures like 'domovoi' to modern 'aliens' as subjects of such accounts. The author concludes that the study of paranormal phenomena requires a scientific methodology, but with the added complexity of working backward from observed effects to underlying subconscious processes.

Ecology and the Technosphere: A New Paradigm

Pages 122-128 are dedicated to a series of articles, primarily authored or co-authored by Yu. A. Lvov, exploring the field of ecology in the context of human technological development. The articles introduce the concept of the technosphere as a human-created layer interacting with the biosphere.

The Evolution of Ecological Science

Yu. A. Lvov, a specialist in botany and docent at Tomsk University, is introduced on page 122. His work focuses on the structure and dynamics of Siberian vegetation and anthropogenic influences. The articles argue that traditional ecology, focused on individual organisms, was ill-equipped to address the widespread impact of human activity on entire landscape systems. This has led to the emergence of new ecological directions like landscape ecology and biogeosystems ecology.

Adaptation and Ecological Amplitude

Life's processes are described as being based on the assimilation of environmental factors. Organisms have an 'ecological amplitude' – a range of tolerance to environmental stress. Beyond an optimal point, increasing stress leads to a decline in growth, activity, and population size. The adaptability of organisms is so great that factors harmful to some can be beneficial to others.

The Anthropocentric Shift in Ecology

Modern ecology has shifted its focus. While still examining the natural environment and its inhabitants, the primary subject of scientific inquiry has become humanity and its industrial activities, which alter and deform nature. This has led to an anthropocentric view of ecology, where the limited territory of human habitation is seen as the main natural resource in deficit.

The Technosphere and Societal Development

The articles posit that the current ecological problem is not one of nature itself, but of society's development, driven by industrial production. The technical revolution of the 19th and 20th centuries prioritized societal interests, such as state power and military might, over individual needs. This "technical revolution" is framed as a form of human evolution, with underlying biological drivers.

The Contradiction Between Biosphere and Technosphere

Citing V. I. Vernadsky, the authors discuss the concept of the noosphere – an intellectual layer of the Earth created by humanity. However, humanity has largely opted for a technical development path, placing key technospheric elements in favorable landscapes. The core of the modern ecological problem lies in the contradiction between the biosphere's needs and the technosphere's demands.

Characteristics of the Technosphere

The technosphere is characterized by a worldview that prioritizes industrial development. Its destructive ecological influence stems from properties such as the gigantism of production, where large industrial enterprises yield relatively little useful output while consuming vast resources. The articles highlight how much of the produced goods, particularly in the USSR, were consumed internally by the industry itself, leading to inefficient resource utilization and environmental damage.

Industrial Gigantism and Monopolization

The trend of production gigantism naturally leads to monopolism. This monopolization stifles technological diversity and leads to standardized, often inflexible, production methods across different regions and environments. The focus shifts to material-intensive, non-adaptive technologies, such as massive industrial complexes and hydroelectric power stations, often overlooking the hidden costs like land degradation and altered natural conditions.

The Technosphere's Goal: Industrial Development

Ultimately, the technosphere's goal is the development of industry. This societal focus leads to humans being viewed as mere natural resources (labor, military, etc.), valued only for their productive capabilities. The articles criticize the prioritization of industrial development over other aspects of human life, such as education, healthcare, and social welfare, which are often relegated to residual funding.

Scientific Thought Under the Technosphere

Scientific thought itself is described as adapting to the goals of the technosphere, with many humanitarian and natural sciences being sidelined if they contradict technospheric principles. The article mentions the historical example of Lysenko's "agrobiology" in the USSR as a case of replacing scientific systems with artificial constructs.

Hierarchical Organization of Life and Ecological Impact

Living nature is characterized by a complex hierarchical organization, from molecular levels to the biosphere. The ecological impact of industrial systems must be assessed at all these levels. However, the current interaction between nature and society demands a focus on higher systemic levels, as anthropogenic impacts are increasingly shifting from organismal to regional scales.

Regional Specificity in Ecological Management

The articles stress the importance of regional specificity in ecological management. Practices like deforestation, river regulation, and large-scale industrial projects can have unforeseen and detrimental consequences, often exacerbating existing environmental problems like waterlogging and salinization. Therefore, agricultural and industrial systems must be tailored to the specific ecological conditions of a region.

Challenges in Siberian Development

Siberia is highlighted as a region facing particular challenges, where technologies developed in other areas are mechanically transferred without considering the unique ecological context. The scale of production and land use in Siberia can lead to significant, long-term damage to natural structures.

Ecological Criteria and Norms

The current emphasis in environmental regulation is on setting permissible limits for pollutants (PDK and PDU). However, the concentration of industrial complexes raises concerns about the cumulative effects of multiple factors, even if individual levels are within limits. Stricter norms are needed for industrial zones. Ecological criteria should also differ between urban and rural areas, with a focus on technological solutions for pollution reduction in cities and rational resource use outside them.

The Need for a Shift in Societal Orientation

The issue concludes by suggesting that ecological criteria often align with moral principles. It calls for a shift in societal orientation, placing the human individual and their well-being at the center of public attention. The articles advocate for polyvariant agriculture, decentralized industry, and a rejection of dense urban housing, citing the poet I. Shklyarevsky's sentiment that humanity cannot survive in multi-story buildings.

Literature Cited

A list of cited literature is provided on page 129, including works by V. I. Vernadsky, Yu. A. Lvov, L. G. Ramensky, K. V. Skufyin, V. B. Sochava, and S. S. Shvarts, among others.

Biophysical Foundations of Rapidly Occurring Extrasensory Phenomena

On page 130, A. P. Dubrov discusses the biophysical basis of rapidly occurring extrasensory phenomena (ESP). He notes that many ESP events are non-linear, non-stationary processes requiring specialized physical-mathematical approaches. Dubrov proposes a new classification of ESP phenomena into three categories: spatio-temporal (e.g., clairvoyance), force-field (e.g., psychokinesis), and material-energetic (e.g., ectoplasm). He acknowledges that some phenomena combine these properties, like telepathy. The article raises fundamental questions about the nature of the acting agent, the channel of information transfer, and the source of energy for psi-processes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the profound and often detrimental impact of human industrial activity (the technosphere) on the natural environment (the biosphere). There is a strong emphasis on the need for a more scientific, regionally-specific, and holistic approach to ecological management. The articles critique the current anthropocentric and industrial-driven development model, advocating for a re-evaluation of societal priorities to place human well-being and environmental sustainability at the forefront. The inclusion of the article on extrasensory phenomena suggests a broader interest in exploring phenomena that challenge conventional scientific paradigms, potentially linking them to underlying biophysical processes.

This issue of the magazine, spanning pages 131-140, focuses on the theoretical and experimental exploration of "biogravity" and "biovacuum" as potential underlying mechanisms for various psi (paranormal) phenomena. The central theme revolves around the idea that these phenomena are not supernatural but rather manifestations of unknown physical principles related to gravity and the vacuum.

Biogravity and Biovacuum Hypothesis

The primary hypothesis presented is that fundamental phenomena of biogravity and biovacuum lie at the heart of psi phenomena such as telepathy, psychokinesis, and materialization. The authors propose that during psychic activity, a person can create a "field-force component" similar to gravity but with distinct properties, alongside "virtual fields and particles with zero entropy" closely linked to biogravity. This bio-gravitational component is believed to arise from a specific state of human consciousness interacting with the bio-vacuum of the brain.

Properties of Biogravity

The biogravity force-field energy is characterized by several unique properties:

• It is conserved without its source.
• It cannot be shielded by known physical screens, except by itself.
• It interacts instantaneously over any distance with all forms of matter.
• It can transform into any type of matter, fields, particles, and energy.
• It can transmit information and be mentally controlled.
• It is considered the basis of negentropic processes in the human organism.

Experimental Evidence and Research

The issue cites numerous experimental and theoretical works supporting the biogravity hypothesis. Researchers have observed that psychics (extrasensory individuals) can:

• Interact psychokinetically with various materials (wood, metal, glass, plastic).
• Influence gravimeters, pendulums, and scales.
• Remotely affect measuring devices like Wilson cloud chambers, Geiger counters, magnetometers, thermistors, and microcalorimeters.
• Alter the trajectory of light beams or stop laser beams through mental influence.
• Generate various forms of energy, particularly in the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Perform mental processes requiring zero entropy.

Furthermore, predictions include distortions of disc-shaped light sources and red shifts in spectra, phenomena associated with gravity.

The research acknowledges that scientists have long suspected the involvement of gravitational forces in psi phenomena, though often assuming direct interaction with natural gravity or the vacuum. The work of H. Forwald on psychokinesis, suggesting gravitational energy arises from the mass of an object, is mentioned. Measurements of psi fields during telepathy and psychokinesis have indicated a significant role for gravitational fields of biological origin.

Theoretical Framework and Connections to Physics

The issue delves into the theoretical underpinnings, linking biogravity to concepts in modern physics. It discusses the possibility of a "fifth force" or additional long-range interactions, which could explain subtle differences in gravitational measurements. The work of Academicians A. D. Sakharov and physicist G. Patgoff is referenced, suggesting that gravity itself might not be a fundamental force but rather an emergent phenomenon from vacuum fluctuations. Sakharov's ideas about vacuum fluctuations and Patgoff's work on the gravitational field being driven by vacuum polarization effects are highlighted.

The Fifth Force and Modified Gravity

One of the theoretical discussions focuses on a potential "fifth interaction" or "super-weak interaction." This concept is explored in the context of modified gravitational laws, where the gravitational potential might deviate from Newton's law at certain scales. The formula V = (g∞ * m / r) * (1 + a * e^(-r/λ)) is presented, where 'a' is a constant related to hypercharge and 'λ' is the range of this additional field, estimated to be between 10 and 1000 meters. This modified gravity could potentially explain discrepancies in gravitational measurements and might be linked to the properties of different elements.

Biolocation and Long-Range Fields

The concept of "biolocation effect" (БЛЭ) is examined in relation to these long-range fields. The authors suggest that these fields, with their ability to penetrate matter and interact differently with various substances, could be the basis for phenomena like dowsing (water finding) and potentially for detecting underground resources, voids, or even for understanding the global connections within living matter as proposed by V. I. Vernadsky.

Challenges and Future Directions

While acknowledging the significant theoretical possibilities, the authors emphasize the importance of rigorous experimental results. They note that some recent experimental findings are difficult to interpret using existing models, leading to proposals for more complex mathematical formulations involving multiple exponentially decaying fields. The issue concludes by stressing that understanding the principle of distant connections, possibly through bio-indication methods, is crucial for advancing the study of living matter and its interactions with the environment.

Literature Cited

The issue includes an extensive bibliography, listing numerous scientific articles and books related to biogravity, parapsychology, physics, and related fields, primarily from the 1970s and 1980s.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the scientific investigation of psi phenomena, the search for physical explanations beyond conventional understanding, and the exploration of new theoretical frameworks in physics that might accommodate these phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting hypotheses and experimental findings that challenge established scientific paradigms, while grounding the discussion in physics and empirical evidence. There is a clear emphasis on the potential for consciousness and biological systems to interact with fundamental forces and fields in ways not yet fully understood by mainstream science.

This issue of the magazine, titled "МАТЕРИЯ, ЭНЕРГИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИЯ" (Matter, Energy, and Information), features a significant contribution by N. N. Soчеvanov, exploring profound concepts related to the nature of existence.

The Nature of Living Matter and Information

The articles delve into the concept of 'living matter' as a distinct entity from 'life' itself, referencing the ideas of V. I. Vernadsky. The discussion extends to the application of the second law of thermodynamics in assessing cellular processes, noting that the movement of macromolecules and atomic levels within cells can be multidirectional, making it difficult to isolate entropy or negentropy. New data from N. A. Kozyrev is highlighted, and the perspective of I. Prigogine on dissipative systems is critiqued as overly uniformitarian. Experiments by L. P. Mikhailova and V. P. Kaznacheev are presented, demonstrating specific intercellular interactions and suggesting the possibility of universal communication among tumor cells. The text posits that the 'life' of cells extends beyond known genomic properties, with unexplained epigenetic effects and a potential significant role for holographic films in genetic structures, particularly in the 'silent' or 'selfish' chromosomes which constitute 95-97% of the genome.

The issue proposes a re-evaluation of life, death, and pathology in cells, suggesting that chronic conditions (dystrophic, inflammatory) may result from changes in a hypothesized 'symbiosis' of different forms of living matter. These forms, termed 'epidemic agents,' can be generated within cells and may adapt, reproduce, and transfer between cells, potentially through blood or surrounding space. Such 'epidemics' could be the basis for chronic processes, regenerative insufficiency, dystrophies, and sclerosis, analogous to viral infections like hepatitis B or prions associated with Alzheimer's disease.

It is suggested that these 'epidemic agents' would necessitate specific resistance mechanisms within cells, possibly linked to other field-specific forms of living matter. The text references experiments where cells exposed to radiation-induced processes (even unexposed 'mirror' cells) exhibit similar effects, indicating a potential 'radiological' epidemic. Research into these 'mirror' cultures and distant effects of patient blood on cell cultures is proposed as a means to identify these agents.

The broader implications point to a new understanding of living matter's cosmo-planetary nature, impacting fundamental issues of evolution, human evolution, health reserves, pathology, prevention, and treatment. New aspects are emerging in ecology, human ecology, and cosmic anthropo-ecology. The text references previous work by L. Kirvan et al. on atomic transmutation in living matter and the significance of bioternonuclear processes in plants and animals.

Information and Fields

Another significant theme is the nature of information and its transmission. The text asserts that information is characteristic of all systems, both living and inert. It describes various information transmission fields, including sound, light, ultrasound, electromagnetic waves, infrasound, and a hypothetical field detectable by biolocation, possibly microlepton or axionic. The range of information transfer is vast, potentially extending to millions of kilometers or even light-years, considering planetary and stellar influences. The text explores different speeds of microlepton propagation, from slow filtration to speeds approaching or exceeding light.

Information preservation is also discussed, with examples like the detection of UFO landing traces years later and the persistence of information in historical sites like the Borodino battlefield and the Turin Shroud. The concept of ancestral memory, where children exhibit knowledge of unknown languages or phenomena, is also presented as evidence of information storage.

Biolocation and its Methods

A substantial portion of the issue is dedicated to biolocation, its classification, and theoretical underpinnings. Biolocation is presented as a method that has been used for centuries, predating its scientific explanations. It involves using living organisms as sensors to locate objects or determine their characteristics. The text distinguishes between psycholocation (using humans as sensors) and biolocation (using lower-level bio-organisms). It also touches upon biosensor methods and mineralocation.

Tom Ross's classification of psycholocation into seven levels is detailed, ranging from direct physical interaction with the object's surroundings to higher levels involving mental influence and even connection to a 'Creator's will.' The text notes that active psycholocation, which involves conscious energy use, is rare, with most practitioners using passive psycholocation, which can lead to dependency on external influences.

Various technical means to enhance reception sensitivity are mentioned, including improved dowsing rods, pendulums, and stress indicators. The classification of biolocation methods is based on the type of sensor used, from psychic to quantum. A key characteristic of these methods is that they are observational and do not involve traditional analysis of the object.

Specific Experiments and Observations

Several experiments are described:

• The effect of heating on the biolocation field (BLÉ) of a truck, fruits, and vegetables, showing a decrease in BLÉ that recovers over time.
• The influence of various stimuli (electrical shock, electromagnetic radiation, laser, magnets) on plastics, acids, and water, causing either weakening or strengthening of BLÉ up to 200 meters.
• The phenomenon of water dilution (up to 63 times) where the properties of the original substance are retained, suggesting energy concentration and information transfer.
• Observations of water activation by A. Chumak, showing a significant increase in BLÉ after television sessions.
• The effect of psychics on water, increasing its BLÉ through visual focus or touch.
• Experiments with plants demonstrating stress transfer between plants, with signal transmission being more efficient along a line than in parallel arrangements.
• Evidence of distant communication between bacteria, where poisoning in one culture leads to the death of bacteria in another.
• Examples of animal communication and navigation, including ants predicting floods, snails maintaining a connection after separation, dogs finding their owners, and mouse colonies exhibiting synchronized population changes.

Conclusion and Future Directions

The issue concludes with a statement that matter, energy, and information are the three fundamental, interconnected components of the universe. It suggests that the current rate of human understanding is lagging behind the accelerating changes in the evolution of living matter on Earth, posing a potential threat to civilization. The exploration of cosmo-planetary information fields and their interactions is presented as crucial for forming a comprehensive scientific worldview.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes revolve around the interconnectedness of matter, energy, and information, the cosmo-planetary nature of living matter, and the potential of unconventional methods like biolocation to explore these phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these complex and often controversial areas, presenting experimental findings and theoretical propositions that challenge conventional scientific paradigms. There is a clear emphasis on the limitations of current scientific understanding and the need for new approaches to comprehend the universe and life within it.

This issue, comprising pages 151-160, focuses on the topic of 'Anomalous Phenomena as a Manifestation of Physical-Informational Interaction' (АНОМАЛЬНЫЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ФИЗИКО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ) by U. Kh. Kopvillem. The content explores the nature of anomalous phenomena (AP) and the underlying concept of physical-informational interaction (PII), drawing connections to various scientific disciplines including quantum physics, geophysics, biophysics, and information theory.

Classification of Biolocation Hypotheses

The article begins by discussing the challenges in formulating a precise definition of biolocation due to the subjective nature of the 'object' and 'sensor' relationship. It proposes a classification of biolocation hypotheses based on the level of complexity at which the 'integrity' of a phenomenon is considered. These levels range from the quantum-physical level, leading to quantum-physical hypotheses, to the geophysical level, resulting in geophysical hypotheses, and the biological level, yielding biophysical hypotheses. Further increases in the level of consideration lead to ionospheric hypotheses. A key observation is that each level of integrity seems to contradict the existence of integrity at higher levels, suggesting that integrity cannot be self-justifying. The quantum approach is used as an example, highlighting that no part exists independently of the whole, which includes the observer. The text quotes [6] and [7] regarding the role of the observer and the nature of space-time perception, suggesting that perceived reality might be influenced by our cognitive apparatus.

The article references [8], which reviews interpretations of quantum mechanics, noting that experimental data is insufficient for an objective evaluation of different variants. Researchers are presented with choices between 'unclear but satisfactory' objective interpretations and 'understandable but implausible' interpretations with hidden variables. This lack of experimental data is considered fundamental, as it prevents the linking of different experiments due to the uncontrolled interaction of each experiment with its environment. This principle is directly applied to methods of mineral, bio-, and psycholocation.

A classification of hypotheses for the interaction of natural objects and sensors with studied objects is presented in Table 1. This classification categorizes hypotheses into three groups:
1. Group 1: Hypotheses that introduce additional 'special objects' (hidden parameters, new fields, special organs) responsible for the studied interaction, operating within the existing paradigm.
2. Group 2: Hypotheses where the interaction is explained by the integral action of existing objects (fields, organs).
3. Group 3: Hypotheses based on the concept of the integrity of the geophysical environment or biological objects.

These groups are applied across different levels of consideration: quantum, geophysical, biophysical, and psychological.

At the quantum level, Group 1 includes hypotheses about 'hidden parameters' and 'objective interpretation' (sum-state of states). Group 3 involves 'minimal interpretation' (Borovskaya) or 'subjective interpretation'.

At the geophysical level, Group 1 involves a 'new field' (additional term in Newton's law). Group 2 deals with 'bound fields' (plasma field) and the integral effect of cosmic factors through geological environments. Group 3 posits the Earth as a resonator system.

At the biophysical level, Group 1 searches for 'special organs' for orientation. Group 2 focuses on the 'integral reception' by all five senses. Group 3 suggests the 'reaction of the whole organism'.

At the psychological level, Group 1 considers the 'action of physical fields on human psyche'. Group 2 examines the 'interaction of psyche and radiation' from geopathogenic zones. Group 3 proposes a 'unified resonant system: brain-Earth-cosmos'.

Physical-Informational Interaction (PII) and Anomalous Phenomena (AP)

U. Kh. Kopvillem, in his article, defines anomalous phenomena (AP) as events that deviate significantly from current scientific understanding, such as UFOs or mass reports of phenomena not yet explained by science. He introduces physical-informational interaction (PII) as a fundamental concept, suggesting that information can alter the physical properties of systems. The creation of a computer is presented as an example of PII, where its behavior is not solely dictated by conventional physics but by programmed information.

Kopvillem posits that physical properties of a computer can be considered 'ununderstandable and anomalous'. He raises questions about how information influences physical processes, suggesting that PII can drastically change the apparent physical properties of bodies and systems. All laws of physics are viewed as information embedded in matter by nature. The movement of bodies according to Newton's laws is explained by their 'feeling' the surrounding space and adhering to 'learned' laws.

He argues that it is difficult to distinguish between phenomena that are naturally occurring and those influenced by a 'disguised computer' or external information. Science, in this context, is likened to a detective searching for these 'hidden computers' within matter. The rarity of observing AP might be due to matter masking this embedded information. The entry of information into reality that transforms parts of it into AP is a key idea.

Different individuals and organisms may perceive AP differently based on their own informational systems, making direct comparison of observations challenging without a suitable algorithm, which is currently lacking. The article highlights the potential for ambiguity when discussing AP, referencing the Heisenberg and Geddel uncertainties. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that the act of measuring one property can influence others. Geddel's work relates to the incompleteness of formal systems. The concept of 'Heisenberg-Geddel compensation' is introduced, suggesting that by redefining the meaning of concepts and adjusting experimental setups, it might be possible to overcome certain limitations in knowledge acquisition.

This compensation principle is mathematically represented using operators and commutation relations, particularly involving SU(2) and SU(1.1) algebras. The interaction between a physical process described by SU(2) and an informational process by SU(1.1) can lead to compensation, potentially bridging the gap between the physical and informational realms.

The nature of PII is linked to the fundamental question of the unity and opposition of the material and ideal within every element. While this is generally accepted, concrete practical conclusions are often not drawn. The article suggests that optimal experimental conditions in medicine, for example, require considering both biological and psychological aspects, and the absence of a PII theory hinders this. Folk medicine is cited as an example where PII methods might be used to develop skills in individuals.

Super-Science and Future Research

The existence of algebraic examples and implementations of Heisenberg-Geddel compensation leads to the idea of a 'super-science' that could organically unite natural and humanitarian sciences. This 'super-science' would explain the laws of physics and mathematics from a unified perspective, revealing common structures across physics, literature, and art. The article suggests that current research is already touching upon this by establishing connections between mental imagery, logical reasoning, and the physical-biochemical changes in the brain.

It is proposed that AP can arise from a lack of clarity in understanding received information. The article discusses how language, through its semantic and grammatical structures, can influence our perception of physical concepts, potentially creating associative links that shape our understanding of physics. This suggests an 'algebra of language' that stimulates an 'algebra of physics'.

The authors present a forecast made in 1959-1967 regarding the development of physics in the area of quantum coherent nonlinear processes, which has proven accurate. This validates the reality of PII. The theory of PII posits a physical-informational system with subsystems for physics and informatics, characterized by their variables and interacting via PII. The dynamics of these systems can be altered by factors like symmetry changes, potentially influenced by the Hamiltonian of a living cell.

This framework allows for the demonstration of memory effects, rhythms, and reversibility in physical processes at the molecular level. It also suggests that external sources can influence the P-system and I-system, potentially generating AP-like perceptions. The operator for PII is generated by a superalgebra that can transform finite-dimensional vectors into infinite-dimensional ones, modeling the transition from living to non-living states. This is contrasted with the linear space transformations in physical systems and nonlinear transformations in informational systems.

The article emphasizes that the ability for thought and mathematical operations is a fundamental property of matter and fields across all organizational levels, implying that 'hidden computers' cannot be simply 'extracted' from matter. Furthermore, a single dynamic algebra or mode of thinking can exist across an infinite variety of realizations, suggesting that 'living' structures can be unimaginably diverse. Connections between these structures are established through similarity transformations.

Experimental Approaches

The text discusses the possibility of influencing resonators by their 'quality factor' (добротность). The geometry of resonator networks and nerve pathways can be fractal, like a Sierpinski carpet, which is highly resistant to defects. This mechanism ensures the adaptability of living systems to small perturbations.

An experimental setup is described for realizing a quantum biological detector of environmental disturbances. This detector aims to identify living objects with minimal needs and measure certain parameters that characterize their state using sensitive electronic apparatus. The goal is to identify signals containing interesting information. The setup involves a two-armed microwave interferometer, with one arm containing a resonator with insects and the other a reference resonator with vacuum. The experiment compares the oscillatory processes in these resonators. The measured quantity, dielectric permittivity, is formed at the molecular level by the dynamics of giant electric dipoles, molecules of bound and free water within the organism. The dynamics of these giant dipoles are of particular interest, as they are expected to be linked to the biological and metabolic rhythms of the organism.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature of reality, the role of information in physical processes, and the potential for phenomena that lie beyond current scientific paradigms. The authors advocate for a more integrated approach to science, one that bridges the gap between the physical and informational, the material and the ideal. There is a strong undercurrent suggesting that our current understanding of physics is incomplete and that new theoretical frameworks, such as PII and superalgebras, are needed to explain anomalous phenomena. The issue also highlights the importance of experimental verification and the development of new detection methods to explore these uncharted territories of science. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into unconventional scientific ideas, pushing the boundaries of established knowledge.

This document appears to be a collection of articles from a scientific or academic publication, likely a journal or a special issue of a magazine, focusing on natural phenomena, geoecology, and related scientific concepts. The content spans multiple pages and includes detailed discussions, literature reviews, and bibliographies.

Article 1: Information Interaction and Biological Detection (Pages 1-3)

This section delves into the concept of information interaction (ФИ) within biological systems and its potential applications. The author discusses experiments involving biological detectors that respond to various physical fields. The text highlights that biological detectors are highly non-linear and sensitive to initial experimental conditions. It mentions experiments where signals from two living insects were recorded individually and then together in the same resonator to observe information exchange. A significant increase in signal intensity and rhythmicity was observed when the insects were together, suggesting an influence beyond typical physical interactions. This phenomenon is proposed as a method for detecting signals of exotic origin. The article also touches upon the use of this detector during an oceanic expedition to search for informative signals in the near-surface atmosphere, noting the detection of complex signals coinciding with radio communication loss during magnetic storms and unusual signals near underwater fault lines.

Article 2: Natural Disaster Potential and Geoecological Aspects of Its Study (Pages 4-10)

This extensive section, authored by E. A. Chernykh, explores the concept of "natural-stochastic potential" (природно-стихийный потенциал) and its geoecological implications. It defines natural phenomena (СЯ) as powerful natural forces that are beyond human control and can cause diverse consequences on Earth, impacting life, health, and human activities. These phenomena are categorized based on their influence on humans into negative, positive, and neutral groups.

Negative Phenomena (ООПЯ): These are described as particularly dangerous, often sudden, and having severe consequences, including immense material damage, human casualties, and psychological stress. The article emphasizes the growing need for a special analysis of neutral and positive phenomena in modern times.

Neutral Phenomena: These typically do not cause extreme effects on humans or technical systems. They are often non-periodic and rapidly occurring events that can be visually striking (e.g., green rays, halos, mirages, auroras, ball lightning). The text notes that these phenomena are often described with epithets like "exotic," "phenomenal," "strange," and "miraculous." Many are optical and acoustic, related to atmospheric conditions and Earth's magnetic and electric fields. They can sometimes be precursors or consequences of dangerous events.

Positive Phenomena: These are characterized by beneficial effects on humans, such as improved well-being, creativity, high productivity, abundant harvests, and favorable conditions for recreation and sports. The article notes that these phenomena are often less memorable and less studied than negative ones, sometimes perceived as "gifts of fate." It suggests that their study and utilization are important for social programs like "Food" and "Health."

The author stresses that the same phenomena can have ambiguous influences, being positive in some contexts and negative in others. The section also discusses the increasing danger of negative phenomena due to factors like population growth, expansion into extreme zones (Arctic, Antarctic, deep sea, space), and new human activities (speleology, mountaineering, seafaring, space travel). It also points to the negative consequences of human-induced environmental transformations, such as waterlogging, soil salinization, and the potential for meteorological and bacteriological warfare, as well as the impact of new technologies like nuclear energy and biotechnology.

The article advocates for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary study of natural phenomena from a geoecological perspective. It highlights the need for accurate forecasting, risk assessment, and management strategies. The author points out the lack of clear and unified terminology in the study of natural phenomena, with various terms used such as "catastrophes," "disasters," "calamities," "crises," "elements," "especially dangerous natural phenomena," and "anomalies." It also notes the diverse, often allegorical, folk names given to these phenomena.

Systemic-Geographical Approach: The document emphasizes the importance of a systemic-geographical approach to studying natural phenomena. This involves understanding their genesis, consequences, impact on humans, manifestation in time and space, and interaction with natural components and complexes. The goal is to transform the relationship between nature, humans, and society from a spontaneous, anthropocentric one to a "noosphere"—an ecologically sound, technically feasible, scientifically based, and balanced state.

Classification of Phenomena: The text proposes classifying natural phenomena into three main groups based on their geo-ecological characteristics: geological-geomorphological, hydrological-climatic, and soil-biogeographical.

• Geological-Geomorphological: Includes volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, weathering, landslides, mudflows, erosion, karst, subsidence, flooding, and underground fires.
• Hydrological-Climatic: Encompasses solar activity changes, magnetic storms, ozone holes, meteorites, comets, planetary alignments, hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, dust storms, tornadoes, dangerous winds (bora, mistral, sirocco), heatwaves, droughts, cold spells, ice storms, heavy snowfalls, blizzards, thunderstorms, acid rain, forest and steppe fires, floods, river rapids, waterfalls, whirlpools, droughts, ice jams, and ice floes.
• Soil-Biogeographical: Covers soil erosion, salinization, waterlogging, black storms, forest fires, poisonous plants, weeds, overgrowth of water bodies, allergenic plants, forest and agricultural pests, disease vectors, dust infections, red tides, ship fouling, fish kills, predators, negative selection, mass mutagenesis, biosphere degradation, and the emergence of new diseases (cancer, AIDS).

The article concludes by stressing the urgency of comprehensive research into natural phenomena, given the growing threat of ecological catastrophes. It calls for maximum cooperation among scientists and intensified coordination of research efforts.

Literature Cited

Several references are provided, citing works related to natural phenomena, geoecology, physics, and biophysics, indicating the academic nature of the publication.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes are the multifaceted nature of natural phenomena, their classification, the impact on human society, and the critical need for scientific study and management. The editorial stance is one of advocating for a rigorous, systemic, and interdisciplinary approach to understanding and addressing the challenges posed by natural and anthropogenic phenomena, with a strong emphasis on geoecology and the transition towards a noosphere. The publication highlights the potential for both destructive and beneficial aspects of natural forces and calls for a balanced approach that considers all types of phenomena.

This issue of the magazine, titled "ГЕОАКТИВНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ЧЕЛОВЕК" (Geoactive Space and Human), focuses on the intricate relationship between the Earth's geophysical environment and human health. The primary author is A. V. Trofimov, from the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, CO AMH USSR. The content explores how various natural and anthropogenic electromagnetic fields, as well as geomagnetic anomalies, influence human physiology and well-being.

Geoactive Space and its Components

The article begins by defining "geoactive space" as a boundary layer influenced by cosmic and planetary energy flows, biological processes, and the Earth's geographic shell. It highlights the ideas of V. I. Vernadsky, who viewed the biosphere as a transformer of cosmic radiation into terrestrial energy. The authors emphasize the existence of numerous local and regional energetic anomalies on Earth's surface, with the geomagnetic and geoelectric fields being the most studied. The increasing power of technogenic electromagnetic radiation is also noted as a significant factor.

The text discusses how modern science has largely ignored the directed influence of anomalous places on the human organism. However, ethnographic research suggests that various cultures have historically identified and utilized specific locations for dwellings and cult structures, often categorizing them as positive or negative anomalies. The ability of humans to sense invisible objects and the phenomenon of informational-energetic interaction with the environment are also mentioned. The term "geopatohenic zone" is deemed insufficient, with "geoactive space" proposed as a more comprehensive term.

Impact of Geomagnetic Anomalies on Health

The issue presents findings from multi-year ecological studies conducted in various regions of the USSR. Research comparing healthy individuals in areas with normal geomagnetic fields (GMF) and those in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) revealed individual differences in physiological responses to magnetic signals. Notably, individuals in zones with higher magnetic induction exhibited hypertensive reactions. Table 1 provides detailed data on the parameters of the cardiovascular system and their dynamics under testing magnetic influences in healthy individuals in zones with varying GMF induction.

Studies in KMA regions during magnetic storms showed significant increases in arterial pressure. The average systolic blood pressure rose by 23.4±5.1 mm Hg. Even in periods of calm magnetosphere, an increase of 9.0±4.4 mm Hg was observed. Control subjects in non-anomalous regions experienced an average increase of 10.2±4.1 mm Hg during magnetic storms.

Electrically Anomalous Zones and Responses

The research also investigated electrically anomalous zones within the USSR. In one such zone with an electric field of 0.8 V (Altai Mountains), studies indicated that individuals' responses to magnetic stimuli were opposite depending on whether they were within or outside the electrically anomalous zone. In a normal electric zone, a hypotensive reaction was observed (ΔBP = -5.9±2.0; ΔAD = -3.1±1.5 mm Hg), while in a negative electro-anomaly zone, a pronounced hypertensive response occurred (ΔADsyst. = +11.5±6.2; ΔADdiast. = +3.6±1.8 mm Hg).

Table 2 illustrates the dynamics of physiological parameters in healthy individuals under testing magnetic loads in both electro-anomalous and electro-normal zones.

Underground and Hypomagnetic Environments

The study extends to the effects of underground environments and hypomagnetic spaces. Investigations in caves, such as the Sigaler cave (France) and Khakass karst caves (USSR), revealed local electromagnetic anomalies. Experiments involving prolonged stays in hypomagnetic devices showed significant changes in physiological parameters, including increased blood pressure, temperature, and hand dynamometry, as well as more frequent pulse rates. These changes were observed even within the first day of exposure.

Prenatal Influences and Correlation with Geophysical Factors

The issue discusses the influence of geophysical factors during prenatal development on human characteristics. In the KMA region, a significant correlation was found between a person's height and weight and Wolf numbers (solar activity indicators) during prenatal and early postnatal periods. Interestingly, individuals living in anomalous zones within KMA showed an inverse correlation, while those in control, non-anomalous zones exhibited a direct correlation.

Biolocation and Health

Biolocation is presented as a method for identifying geoactive zones and assessing their impact on health. Studies in settlements located in biolocation anomaly (BLA) zones, often associated with rare earth mineral deposits, revealed that a significant percentage of residents lived within these zones. Individuals residing in BLA and magnetic anomaly zones demonstrated increased sensitivity to magnetic fields and a tendency towards hypertensive reactions. The use of non-pharmacological methods, such as magnetic point therapy, is suggested for correcting arterial pressure in such individuals.

Key Findings and Conclusions

The authors summarize their findings into several key points:

1. Geoactive space encompasses any area, above or below ground, that elicits a complex of physiological and sensory responses in humans, regardless of the specific factor involved.
2. Labile forms of arterial hypertension common in geoactive zones can be corrected using prolonged magnetopuncture, considered a form of hypermagnetic space.
3. Controlled stays in geoactive zones and simulated hypomagnetic spaces can be beneficial for correcting the organism's bioenergetic state, activating life forces, and fostering creativity.

The issue concludes by emphasizing the profound role of weak ecological connections in the life of all living beings on Earth. It suggests that a deeper understanding of the physical world, its fields, and their interactions is essential for comprehending human phenomena and the essence of life. The authors propose that biological evolution might involve not just protein-nucleic systems but also other forms of coexistence within this matter.

Literature Cited

A list of references is provided, citing works on biolocation, electromagnetic fields, and their effects on human health, including contributions from A. G. Bakirov, G. N. Vasilieva, V. S. Logvinov, V. P. Kaznacheev, L. P. Mikhailova, N. N. Sochevanov, V. S. Matveev, V. S. Stetsenko, A. S. Chekunov, A. V. Trofimov, Yu. Yu. Marchenko, and N. R. Deryapa.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the concept of "geoactive space" and its multifaceted impact on human health, physiology, and even creative potential. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for a more holistic understanding of human well-being, integrating geophysical and environmental factors into medical and biological research. There is a clear emphasis on exploring alternative and non-pharmacological approaches to health management, particularly those involving magnetic fields and biolocation. The authors challenge conventional Darwinian views of evolution, suggesting a broader perspective that includes the influence of subtle environmental energies and potential alternative forms of life or coexistence.

This issue of "НАУЧНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОБЛЕМЫ НЛО" (Scientific Aspects of UFO Problems) focuses on the scientific investigation of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) and other anomalous phenomena. The content is primarily in Russian and delves into the physical characteristics, effects, and theoretical underpinnings of these events, advocating for a rigorous scientific methodology.

Scientific Aspects of Ufology

The main article, authored by G. V. Nikolaev, titled "Scientific Aspects of Ufology," is preceded by a section labeled "III." and the main title "НАУЧНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ УФОЛОГИИ" (Scientific Aspects of Ufology).

Gennady Vasilievich Nikolaev

The issue introduces Gennady Vasilievich Nikolaev, born in 1935, a senior research associate at the "Natural-Technogenic Electromagnetic Systems" laboratory at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute. He is an engineer-physicist with 42 publications on relativity theory, electrostatics, and electrodynamics of the physical vacuum, holding 11 author's certificates. His interest in anomalous phenomena began in 1983, and he serves as the acting chairman of the Tomsk group for the study of anomalous phenomena in the environment and the head of the "Atmospheric-Cosmic Anomalous Phenomena" section of the Tomsk group.

Understanding Anomalous Phenomena

Nikolaev posits that while a vast amount of information exists about our natural world, some phenomena are strange and inexplicable within current scientific frameworks. These are categorized as anomalous phenomena, including various sonic, light, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic events of unknown origin. He notes the significant information gathered regarding the effects of these phenomena and their associated fields on technical and biological objects, as well as on humans. The physical nature of these phenomena presents difficulties in establishing a scientific approach, as their manifestations often appear unrealistic within known scientific concepts.

Plasma Formations and Classification

Anomalous objects are often described as plasma formations of varying density, brightness, color, and shape, moving strangely through space. Their sizes range from tens of centimeters to tens of meters. Nikolaev differentiates between natural plasma formations like ball lightning (ШМ) and unidentified flying objects (НЛО). He acknowledges that this distinction can be fluid, especially when visual observation or instrument registration does not clearly define the object as a solid body or a technological construct. The similarity in accompanying phenomena and influence fields suggests a common underlying nature.

Scientific Approach and Research Needs

Nikolaev argues that a scientific approach to understanding UFOs necessitates research into the accompanying anomalous phenomena and their physical fields of influence. This research should encompass both natural plasma formations like ball lightning and UFOs. He emphasizes that the unity of various anomalous phenomena and their fields of influence provides a starting point for a purely technical approach to studying UFOs. He also notes that official contacts with UFOs have not occurred and likely never will, suggesting that humanity must independently master the nature of these phenomena to reach a level comparable to advanced civilizations.

Challenges in Interpretation

He highlights the difficulty in classifying anomalous phenomena and their associated fields within existing scientific knowledge, suspecting that some fields may be entirely unknown. The sheer volume of primary information necessitates the use of computers (ЭВМ) for processing, a practice more advanced abroad than in Russia.

Observed Effects and Hypotheses

The article details numerous effects observed from the influence of physical fields of UFOs and ball lightning. These include psychological effects (euphoria, fear), physical sensations (tingling, heat, cold), and more severe impacts like paralysis, loss of consciousness, and pain. Nikolaev discusses the potential for these phenomena to induce hallucinations or telepathic contact, stressing the need for technical control to distinguish objective reality from subjective experiences.

He proposes that the effects of strong energetic influences from UFOs and ball lightning might be explained by the induction of Foucault currents and magnetic fields in the human body. However, he points out discrepancies with known electromagnetic interactions, suggesting the involvement of unknown field types. He introduces the concept of a physical field of vector potential and a scalar magnetic field, which he believes can help interpret some of the unexplained effects.

Anomalous Optical Phenomena and Physical Vacuum

Anomalous optical phenomena accompanying UFOs are also discussed, with Nikolaev suggesting a connection to unexplored properties of the physical vacuum. He argues that conventional mechanical interpretations of space dynamics are insufficient to explain some of the observed effects.

Literature and Classification of UFOs

The issue includes a literature section listing publications by G. V. Nikolaev and others on topics related to electrodynamics, magnetic fields, vector potentials, and anomalous phenomena. It concludes with a section titled "CLASSIFICATION OF UFOs" by V. I. Golts, who notes the growing difficulty in processing the vast amount of collected data on UFO observations, leading to an "information crisis."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of anomalous phenomena and UFOs. There is a strong emphasis on the need for a rigorous, technical, and scientific approach, moving beyond mysticism. The authors advocate for exploring new physics and understanding the underlying physical principles governing these events. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting scientific inquiry into these often-dismissed phenomena, acknowledging their potential reality and the limitations of current scientific understanding.

This issue, titled "Problems of Ufology - Problems of Physics," is presented as a publication from 1982, likely a special issue or a journal focusing on the intersection of these two fields. It features a detailed article by N. A. Z heltukhin, a Doctor of Technical Sciences and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who also served as Deputy Chairman of the Meteorite Commission.

Classification of UFO Information

The first part of the issue, presented with diagrams and tables, focuses on developing a systematic approach to classifying UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) information. It proposes a multi-stage process for scientific study, beginning with the accumulation of information, followed by its ordering and classification, and finally, mathematical processing using computers. A detailed classification grid is introduced, starting with broad categories like 'Class' and 'Subclass' and narrowing down to 'Group,' 'Subgroup,' and 'View.'

Stages of Scientific Development

The schema presented outlines three main stages:
1. Information Accumulation: Gathering raw data.
2. Information Ordering (Classification): Organizing the data into meaningful groups based on characteristics.
3. Establishing Connections and Relationships: Identifying patterns and correlations within the classified data.

This is followed by stages of mathematical processing and modeling.

UFO Classification System

The classification system is designed to be objective and comprehensive, aiming to classify UFOs based on a significant number of characteristics. The article introduces a method of coding these characteristics, assigning binary values (1 for presence, 0 for absence). It suggests that for objective classification, more than 17 characteristics are necessary. The system categorizes UFOs based on:

• Appearance: Star-shaped, spherical, disk, cigar, triangular, pyramidal, rectangular, hemisphere, comet-shaped, irregular polygon, cloud-like, and objects with continuously changing shapes or difficult-to-determine shapes.
• Luminosity: Emitting its own light or visible in reflected light.
• Contact Type: Distinguishing between different types of close encounters (K-1, K-2, K-3), including observations of beings and direct contact.
• Effects: Physical, physiological, or environmental impacts.

Mathematical Framework

The article highlights the vast number of UFO observations (hundreds of thousands) and the necessity of computational techniques for combinatorial analysis. It uses a formula (A^n > 100,000) to illustrate how a moderate number of characteristics (n=10) can generate a large number of potential object classifications (A=23). This mathematical approach is presented as a way to automate the processing of UFO data.

Problems of Ufology - Problems of Physics

The second major section, authored by N. A. Z heltukhin, explores the connections between ufology and contemporary theoretical physics. Z heltukhin argues that the unusual and often 'miraculous' nature of reported UFO phenomena warrants attention from physicists.

Modern Physics Concepts

Z heltukhin reviews several key developments in modern physics that he believes are relevant to understanding UFOs:

1. The Nature of Empty Space: The concept of physical vacuum being filled with particles and undergoing constant processes.
2. Particle Interactions: The behavior of particles at close and large distances, including the concept of "strings" in string theory.
3. Virtual Particles: Particles that exist for fleeting moments and can violate conservation laws in intermediate calculations.
4. Divisibility of Electric Charge: The discovery of quarks with fractional charges.
5. Instability of Particles: The idea that even protons may decay, suggesting a potential end-state for the universe.
6. Interconversion of Particles and Interactions: The boundless transformation of particles into each other and into interactions.
7. The Complexity of Gravity: The intricate nature of gravity, involving a large number of particles and suggesting a unified theory.
8. Multidimensional Space: Theories proposing more than three spatial dimensions, such as eleven-dimensional space in grand unification theories.
9. Superluminal Interactions: Particles moving faster than light, which can explain infinite accelerations and alter causality.
10. Causality and Future Influence: The idea that the future can influence the present, a concept that can be reconciled with a modified understanding of logic.

The Search for a Unified Theory

The article discusses the ongoing efforts in physics to develop unified theories, such as electroweak unification, grand unification theories (GUTs), and the ultimate goal of a "superforce" or "supersymmetry" theory that would encompass all fundamental interactions. This unified theory would describe all physical phenomena as manifestations of a single underlying force.

Connecting Physics and Ufology

Z heltukhin posits that these advanced physical concepts, particularly superluminal interactions and the potential for a unified theory of everything, might provide a scientific framework for understanding the phenomena reported in ufology. He suggests that the unusual aspects of UFOs could be explained by these emerging physical principles. Conversely, he believes that ufological observations might eventually serve as empirical evidence or inspiration for further developments in theoretical physics, especially for phenomena related to the "superforce" that lie beyond current laboratory capabilities.

Literature

The issue includes a reference to a work by A. A. Dorodnitsyn: "Mathematics and Descriptive Sciences. Number and Thought," published by "Znanie" in Moscow in 1982.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes are the systematic classification of UFO phenomena and the exploration of cutting-edge theoretical physics. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, suggesting that the seemingly inexplicable aspects of ufology may find explanations within the evolving landscape of fundamental physics. There is a clear emphasis on applying rigorous scientific and mathematical methods to the study of UFOs, while also acknowledging the potential for new physics to illuminate these phenomena.

This issue of the magazine focuses on the international program for researching the 1908 Tunguska catastrophe. It features articles by N. V. Vasiliev, G. F. Plekhanov, and G. V. Andreev, along with biographical sketches of key figures like N. V. Vasiliev and G. V. Andreev. The issue delves into the scientific understanding and proposed research directions for this significant cosmic event.

The Tunguska Catastrophe of 1908

The Tunguska catastrophe is presented as the most significant cosmic phenomenon on Earth, likely caused by the collision of Earth with the nucleus of a small comet, although a technogenic origin is also mentioned as a hypothesis. The event's global nature is emphasized, with anomalous geophysical phenomena occurring worldwide in the summer of 1908. These include increased bolide activity, unusual twilight and night sky phenomena (like noctilucent clouds and halos), atmospheric transparency disturbances, a local magnetic storm, and potential ozone layer disruptions. The trajectory of the Tunguska object is described as complex, with a significant change in its angle near the epicenter, possibly due to a ricochet. The explosion occurred in the air at an altitude of 5-7 km, with no fragments found and no evidence of a meteorite impact crater. Isotopic shifts in the epicenter region are also noted.

Research and Unanswered Questions

Despite extensive research since the 1920s, many fundamental aspects of the 1908 event remain unclear. These include the nature, elemental, and isotopic composition of the object; the mechanism of its destruction, including the ricochet; the cause of the geomagnetic effect and its comparison to nuclear explosions; the mechanism of biological and genetic consequences; the reason for local soil remagnetization; the cause of atmospheric optical anomalies; and the role of electromagnetic phenomena. Answering these questions could not only clarify the Tunguska event but also enhance understanding of small solar system bodies, the role of cosmic catastrophes in Earth's history, and the evolution of its biosphere.

Challenges and Proposed International Program

Progress in studying the Tunguska event is hindered by its global character, requiring comprehensive approaches. The need for cosmochemical analysis of 1908 cosmic aerosols in various global locations and the investigation of potential long-term effects of ozone layer disruption are highlighted. The issue proposes an international research program with the goal of studying the nature of the cosmic object, its collision consequences, its role in Earth's history and biosphere, and developing international measures for preventing cosmic catastrophes. The program's directions include:

Section I: Collection and Processing of Archival Data

This involves gathering information from observatories and scientific institutions that were active in 1908, as well as analyzing articles and notes from periodicals, especially provincial newspapers. The information from observatories is largely collected, and the proposal includes engaging university groups to analyze 1908 summer newspapers and journals for descriptions of anomalous optical phenomena and other effects related to the Tunguska event.

Section II: Search for Tunguska Meteorite Substances

This section focuses on finding evidence of the cosmic material that caused the event. It suggests searching in various forms, including dispersed substances that caused atmospheric transparency changes in California, which may have fallen globally. Potential locations for analysis include Arctic ice shelves, sphagnum peat bogs across the Northern Hemisphere, and bottom sediments in landlocked bodies of water. Specific research directions include verifying the presence of high platinum group element concentrations in continental ice layers dated to 1908 and outlining areas with anomalous platinum group element content in peat bogs. The search also extends to finding coarse-dispersed material near the Tunguska region, possibly remnants of the destroyed body, and investigating zones enriched with products of comet ice melting, leading to isotopic shifts in carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Section III: Study of Biological Consequences

This section addresses the genetic anomalies observed in vegetation at the Tunguska explosion epicenter, which are not aligned with the forest fall or fire boundaries. It suggests investigating potential genetic anomalies in other species, including animals and microorganisms. The unique nature of the Tunguska phenomenon imposes a moral responsibility to fully understand it, especially given the potential for similar events to trigger global nuclear catastrophes in the modern era. Practical outcomes include developing recommendations for identifying and potentially destroying such objects in space before they reach Earth, and establishing criteria to distinguish high-altitude non-nuclear explosions like Tunguska from above-ground nuclear explosions to prevent international conflicts.

Cosmic Catastrophism and Biosphere Evolution

Another article, "The Evolutionary Impact of Collisional Events on the Biosphere Using the Example of the Tunguska Catastrophe of 1908," by G. V. Andreev and N. V. Vasiliev, discusses the influence of external cosmic factors on Earth's biosphere. It highlights that while civilization poses internal threats, cosmic factors are equally significant. The article introduces the concept of 'cosmic catastrophism,' which studies the potential consequences of cosmic events like solar activity variations, galactic core explosions, and supernova bursts. However, it identifies collisions with small solar system bodies (asteroids, comets, and large meteoroids) as the most realistic and recurring causes of catastrophic ecological disruptions.

Planetary Bombardment and Impact Craters

The discovery of impact craters on Mercury, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter's and Saturn's moons indicates that all planets in the solar system underwent intense bombardment by small bodies about 4 billion years ago. This process is believed to have shaped the planets' morphology, geological structure, and internal composition. The frequency of Earth's collisions with small solar system bodies is estimated by analyzing known asteroids and comets and the distribution of young craters. While a precise mathematical model for the spatial distribution of small bodies is lacking, catalogs of orbital characteristics allow for probability estimations. Short-period comets can create a 10 km diameter crater every 3 million years, while long-period comets take 7-10 million years. A Tunguska-type object (around 100m) might create a crater every 1000 years. Asteroids are more stable, with an asteroid 1 km in diameter potentially colliding with Earth every 1.6 x 10^5 years. A small body of 1 km diameter could form a crater every 130,000 years, and a 10 km diameter crater every 200,000 years, aligning with estimates by Y. Shoemaker.

Possible Consequences of Collisions

Collisions with small bodies can result in immense energy release, equivalent to an explosion, vaporizing both the impactor and the target. The consequences are categorized as geological, geophysical, climatic, and biological. The Tunguska event serves as a primary example, with an estimated explosion energy of 25-50 megatons (1-2.5 x 10^24 ergs) occurring at an altitude of 5-7 km, causing trees over 2150 km² to be radially flattened. The article notes that while collision processes are random and difficult to predict, current probability estimates might be underestimated.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly advocates for a comprehensive, international approach to studying the Tunguska event. It emphasizes the scientific and moral imperative to understand such phenomena due to their potential global impact, including the risk of triggering nuclear catastrophes. The editorial stance supports rigorous scientific investigation, data collection, and the development of practical strategies for planetary defense and conflict prevention related to cosmic events. The articles highlight the interconnectedness of cosmic events, Earth's biosphere, and human civilization, underscoring the need for global cooperation in addressing these challenges.

This document, likely an excerpt from a scientific journal or magazine, delves into the multifaceted consequences of the 1908 Tunguska event. It explores geological, geophysical, atmospheric, climatic, and biological impacts, drawing upon extensive research and citing numerous scientific works.

Geological Consequences

The text notes the absence of direct geological consequences like a crater due to the aerial nature of the Tunguska explosion. However, it posits that a ground impact could have formed a crater 1-2 km in diameter. The article references studies on the geological effects of meteorite collisions, including destruction, evaporation, and the heating of surrounding rock, leading to differentiation and heterogeneity in the Earth's crust. It highlights V. Masaitis's proposal to categorize impact events as a distinct category of cosmogenic geological formations and mentions the stimulation of mineral deposit formation through ring structures.

Geophysical Consequences

This section focuses on the less-discussed geophysical effects of the Tunguska event. It details the seismic and baric disturbances, noting that the air blast was recorded globally. Seismic waves were detected in Irkutsk, Tbilisi, Tashkent, and Jena, allowing for the determination of the event's epicenter, timing, and power. A significant geomagnetic storm, distinct from those caused by solar particles and resembling those from nuclear explosions, was recorded by the Irkutsk observatory, lasting for 4-5 hours. Other geophysical effects mentioned include beta-radioactivity anomalies in vegetation and soil, and disruptions to the ozone layer, which were instrumentally recorded.

A 'paleomagnetic effect' was observed, with residual magnetization in soils and bedrock near the epicenter. Additionally, a thermoluminescent anomaly in rocks and soils, correlated with increased radioactivity, is noted as being under investigation.

Atmospheric and Optical Effects

The document describes striking atmospheric optical anomalies that occurred around the time of the Tunguska event, including bright nights, widespread silvery and nacreous clouds, vivid auroras, complex solar halos, and changes in sky color and atmospheric transparency. These effects are largely attributed to the passage of Earth through the tail of a presumed comet and the subsequent explosion, which released millions of tons of aerosols into the atmosphere.

Climatic Consequences

Analysis of the synoptic situation in the summer of 1908 suggests a possible influence of the Tunguska event on climate. While results are somewhat contradictory, there's evidence of increased precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere two weeks after the event, based on data from 2000 meteorological stations. The article draws parallels with volcanic eruptions and impacts of small bodies, which inject aerosols into the atmosphere, leading to global climatic changes. It cites research indicating that impacts of large asteroids can significantly reduce solar radiation, impacting photosynthesis and leading to ecological crises. The text estimates that a 100-meter diameter object could cause a 9°C drop in lower atmosphere temperature within ten months, and a 6°C drop within twenty months. Data from 1950-1985 suggests a slight temperature increase from 1905-1907, followed by a sharp decrease in 1908, potentially linked to atmospheric dust from the event. An estimate of the Tunguska object's mass is around 100 million tons, with a diameter of 500-800 meters.

Biological Consequences

The article discusses the potential for global climatic changes following a large impact, leading to mass extinctions. It references the work of A. Alvarez and others on the link between impacts and mass extinctions, citing examples like the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction and the Permian-Triassic extinction. For the Tunguska event specifically, the immediate biological impact was the near-complete destruction of forests over an area of about 2000 km² by the blast wave and subsequent fire. More significantly, the article explores the long-term, prolonged biological consequences, including the accelerated regrowth of vegetation. This effect, observed in trees that survived the catastrophe and in the post-catastrophe forest, is noted to be independent of tree species and has persisted, gradually fading. This accelerated growth is not fully explained by purely ecological factors and is hypothesized to be linked to stimulating factors from the Tunguska cosmic material.

Experiments using microelement mixtures mimicking the presumed composition of the Tunguska comet have shown high effectiveness, suggesting biological activity of cosmogenic microelements. Water extracts from soil samples in the epicenter area have also been shown to stimulate seed germination, correlating with the content of rare earth elements in the extracts. This is particularly relevant given the elevated levels of rare earth elements in the soils and catastrophic peat layer in the epicenter region.

Mutation Effects

A key focus is the potential for mutational effects of the Tunguska catastrophe on plant and animal life. The research, initiated by the Complex Self-Study Expedition (КСЭ), aims to investigate the idea of sudden mutational changes in organisms due to external catastrophic events. Studies on pine seedlings exposed to ionizing radiation showed morphological abnormalities. An initial attempt to identify disruptions in natural mutation processes was made by G. Plekhanov in 1963. Subsequent analysis using population genetics has indicated a statistically significant increase in the mutation rate in the epicenter region and along the trajectory of the Tunguska body. This finding is so localized that its topography aligns with the azimuth of the forest fall, suggesting a connection to the Tunguska event. The source of this potential radiation-induced mutagenesis remains unclear, though a powerful electromagnetic field disturbance is considered a possibility.

Further research on ants (Formica fusca and Formica exsecta) revealed statistically significant morphological deviations in colonies in areas with high mutation rates in pine trees. Additionally, a study of the Evenk population in the Tunguska-Chunya region, conducted by Moscow University, identified a rare genetic anomaly related to the Rh factor, tracing back to an individual born in 1908 near the epicenter.

Conclusion and Future Research

The document concludes that the Tunguska catastrophe generated a range of biological and genetic consequences that could provide crucial insights into the phenomenon. It emphasizes the need for expanded and better-funded research into the Tunguska event, advocating for the preservation of the affected region by establishing it as a biosphere reserve, possibly under UNESCO, with an international research program.

Literature Cited

The document includes an extensive bibliography of 45 references, primarily in Russian, covering topics such as cometary orbits, asteroid impacts, atmospheric effects of meteors, geological consequences of impacts, climatic catastrophes, biological consequences of Tunguska, and genetic studies related to the event.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes are the multifaceted consequences of the Tunguska event, spanning geological, geophysical, atmospheric, climatic, and biological domains. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for continued, expanded, and well-funded scientific investigation into the Tunguska phenomenon, emphasizing its potential to reveal fundamental aspects of Earth's history and the evolution of life, including the role of cosmic factors. There's a clear emphasis on the scientific rigor of the research presented, with numerous citations supporting the findings and hypotheses.

This document, comprising pages 222-231, is a technical article titled "Technical Methods and Apparatus for the Study of Non-Periodic Rapid Phenomena in the Environment." Authored by M. A. Shustov, it delves into the scientific approaches and equipment used to investigate unusual and transient events.

Introduction to Non-Periodic Rapid Phenomena (NRP)

The article begins by defining Non-Periodic Rapid Phenomena (NRP) as aperiodic, random events in space and time that are difficult to study using conventional experimental methods due to their duration and stochastic nature. The scope is broadened to include anomalous phenomena, characterized by low frequency, poor reproducibility, and difficulty in technical modeling. The author, Mikhail Anatolyevich Shustov, born in 1952, is introduced as a senior researcher at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, specializing in these phenomena. He has authored numerous articles and holds 14 inventions. Since 1988, he has served as the scientific secretary for the Tomsk group researching anomalous phenomena in the environment.

The author emphasizes that scientific knowledge is a continuous process, citing historical examples like the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics, nuclear fission, and the invention of radio and television, to illustrate how rapidly our understanding of the world can evolve. This suggests that the exploration of NRP is a frontier of ongoing scientific discovery.

Stages of Scientific Understanding

The article outlines a general model for the development of scientific understanding, describing a progression from phenomenon to effect, then to general regularity, and finally to a scientific law. This process is likened to an S-shaped curve, moving from initial recognition and phenomenology through acceleration and intensive study, eventually leading to the identification of broader patterns and laws. The author notes that the emergence of new scientific fields requires the identification of initial 'seeds' or phenomena, and that overlooking these can lead to missed opportunities, as potentially happened with the Esaki tunnel diode.

As scientific understanding deepens, the cost and complexity of research increase exponentially. A qualitative formula is presented suggesting that the product of material costs (equipment complexity) and the amount of new information obtained remains a constant during the development of scientific understanding.

The article categorizes the research into three stages:
1. Observation: Individual, often emotional and subjective observations, sometimes contradictory.
2. Data Accumulation: Summarizing, statistically processing observational data, identifying common features, and establishing a system for classification and preliminary instrumental research.
3. Systematic Research: Focused, systematic investigations involving a significant number of researchers.

Levels of Technical and Other Registration Means

Depending on the degree of a phenomenon's study, different levels of technical and other registration means are employed:
1. Observation through senses and simple aids.
2. Use of indicators.
3. Use of specialized instruments.
4. Use of installations.
5. Use of experimental complexes.

NRP in the Atmosphere and at the Atmosphere-Geosphere Boundary

• This section focuses on NRP occurring in the atmosphere and at its interface with the geosphere. Thousands of reports of unusual or anomalous phenomena (AP) have been collected and can be systematized based on what is observed:
• Celestial bodies (stars, planets, comets, meteors).
• Artificial (terrestrial) objects (satellites, rockets, aircraft, gliders, aeromodels, weather balloons).
• Birds and swarms of insects.
• Luminescence of aerosols (natural or anthropogenic), including chemiluminescence.
• Propagation of light rays in the atmosphere (spotlights, technical experiments, laser atmospheric sounding).
• Natural processes involving significant energy release (thunderstorms, ball lightning, earthquakes, auroras, clouds).
• Ionization of air due to human technical activity.
• Other unclassified phenomena.

Additionally, unusual atmospheric and other phenomena related to optical illusions (mirages, halos) are mentioned, as well as phenomena linked to misinformation or hallucinogenic effects of various radiation sources (e.g., Earth's natural pulsed electromagnetic fields).

A significant portion of NRP reports, particularly those interpreted by UFO enthusiasts, are attributed to observations of extraterrestrial probes or spacecraft. However, the interpretation of such cases is often hampered by a lack of material evidence, reliable technical registration, and the subjective or incompetent approach of some researchers.

Registration Regimes for Atmospheric NRP

• Several operational modes for experimental apparatus are proposed for registering NRP in the atmosphere and at the atmosphere-geosphere boundary:
• Standby/Guard Mode: Waiting for a phenomenon to occur.
• Direct Observation Mode: Recording phenomena occurring in close proximity to the apparatus.
• Induced Field Measurement Mode: Measuring residual fields left by a perturbing object at the site of impact (MW).

Implementing a comprehensive monitoring network for direct observation is costly, requiring millions of rubles for an area like the Tomsk region alone. The article suggests that controlling environmental parameters in areas where NRP are likely to occur can be simplified by placing monitoring equipment in such locations.

Available Apparatus and Methods

• Existing apparatus that can be used for atmospheric process monitoring includes:
• Radio telescopes and telescopes.
• Radar stations.
• Lightning detectors and recorders.
• Meteorological stations.
• Direction finders for natural and anthropogenic sources of electromagnetic pollution.
• Atmospheric laser sounding systems.
• Brightness pyrometers.
• Other equipment.

While these devices are designed for specific technical tasks, information gathered from them can play a supporting role in interpreting NRP. The direct registration mode for NRP is often impractical due to the low probability of occurrence. Therefore, measuring induced fields at the site of impact (MW) is considered more accessible.

When NRP occur in the atmosphere, they typically leave no lasting traces, as any changes in optical or other properties are short-lived. However, these events can sometimes be captured photographically.

In some cases, such as the entry of meteorites into the atmosphere, intense broadband electromagnetic and acoustic radiation can be generated, potentially affecting technical devices and living organisms. More persistent and accessible for study are material or field traces left at the site of impact (MW).

• Scanning surveys of MW are conducted to find material and field traces. The choice of methods depends on the technical capabilities of the search teams. If an MW is localized, a detailed investigation sequence is followed, including:
• Assessing potential hazards, radiation levels, and air composition.
• Panoramic and detailed photography with reference points and scale elements.
• Visual inspection for discernible traces.
• Mapping the terrain and dividing the MW into grids.
• Measuring background radiation and other radioactive emissions.
• Measuring alternating electromagnetic fields at various frequencies and distances.
• Measuring constant or quasi-constant electric and magnetic fields.
• Measuring aeroion concentration and sign.
• Measuring radon concentration.
• Measuring soil surface temperature and resistivity.
• Measurements using a gravimeter.
• Using a "universal field indicator" based on a relaxation generator.
• Investigating "chronal effects" related to frequency shifts in quartz generators.
• Collecting samples of vegetation and soil for laboratory analysis.
• Placing containers with magnetic, photosensitive materials, and microorganisms.
• Searching for material traces using metal detectors.
• Employing non-traditional methods using microorganisms, insects, animals, or trained individuals as sensitive elements to detect biological discomfort zones.
• Registering heart rate patterns of operators.
• Recording daily variations in Earth's natural pulsed electromagnetic fields (ENEMP).
• Conducting photographic surveys during periods of high ENEMP intensity.

This methodology has been tested in Tomsk, Vologda regions, Tbilisi, and Odessa. Notably, the results of determining MW by minimum gamma-ray background, maximum generation frequency, and pulse diagnostic data were highlighted.

NRP in the Geosphere

The primary practical tasks for observing NRP in the geosphere and at the atmosphere boundary include:
1. Search for mineral resources.
2. Forecasting natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides).
3. Identifying biologically uncomfortable zones and assessing environmental pollution (electromagnetic, acoustic).

While traditional geophysical methods are common for mineral exploration, the article focuses on non-traditional methods, particularly biolocation (BLM) and instrumental methods that can replace it. It mentions up to 200 types of dowsing rods and devices that, with an operator, can identify underground water, karst voids, oil, and mineral deposits. However, BLM results are often subjective and not always reproducible.

• Despite subjectivity, BLM is considered valuable due to its high accuracy in identifying underground anomalies and its significantly lower cost and time requirements compared to instrumental methods. Promising directions for developing technical means to replace BLM operators include:
• Using high-frequency radio receivers (and transmitters) to indicate the level of radio frequency (RF) noise, mapping electromagnetic noise distribution, and identifying anomalies. This involves methods like superheterodyne receivers for frequency-modulated oscillations and direct amplification receivers for amplitude-modulated oscillations, potentially using remote signal sources.
• Employing low-frequency generators and receivers with specialized coil arrangements for transmitting and receiving antennas.
• Using aeroion indicators to map concentrations and signs, helping to identify underground anomalies.
• Using soil surface temperature indicators.
• Utilizing ultrasonic receivers (typically 30-45 kHz).

Forecasting earthquakes and landslides is primarily based on registering daily (and seasonal) variations in ENEMP, monitoring acoustic (ultrasonic) signals from the Earth's interior, measuring seasonal changes in radon and other gas concentrations, analyzing changes in the mineralization of underground water sources, and observing atmospheric glow at night. Biological precursors of NRP are also considered.

Identifying biologically uncomfortable zones and optimal locations for hazardous facilities (oil depots, ammunition storage, nuclear power plants) can be achieved through non-traditional methods like BLM, as well as traditional methods such as lightning detectors and monitors, and by measuring daily variations in ENEMP. The data obtained from these methods have economic significance because human and animal organisms react more actively to gradients in natural (and anthropogenic) fields that exceed their adaptive range.

NRP in the Biosphere

Non-traditional approaches to practical healthcare are gaining interest, focusing on new methods and devices for diagnosing internal organ pathologies and for corrective procedures. Existing non-traditional diagnostic methods include pulse diagnostics, iridodiagnostics, diagnostics based on skin color, nail appearance, hair, smell, gait, and overall appearance.

More accessible methods for information capture in extrasensory perception and bio-correction can be divided into:
1. Manual Contact (or Non-Contact) Diagnostics: Subjective perception of signals from a patient's body by scanning with the inner side of the operator's palm (or at a distance of 1-5 cm or more), identifying areas of disharmony.
2. Visual Diagnostics (by sight): Visual examination of the patient's body from a distance of tens of centimeters to hundreds of centimeters.
3. Diagnostics using a "Field Concentrator": A device developed by the Tomsk group, consisting of a porous substrate (foam rubber, styrofoam) with spirally arranged copper wire "antennas." This device is used by an operator for remote diagnostics.
4. Diagnostics using a Biolocation Rod: Specially selected rods are used to assess the intensity of disharmonious factors in the body based on indirect signs like the number of rotations and direction of the rod's movement.
5. Diagnostics by Photograph or Schematic: Using one of the above methods on a photograph or schematic representation of the patient's body.
6. Remote Diagnostics by Mental Image: The operator performs remote diagnosis of pathological areas with minimal initial information (patient's name, gender, age).

Methods 5 and 6 are currently difficult to interpret rationally. The rationale behind methods 1-4 lies in the fact that a human body, being warmer than absolute zero (around 310 K), is a powerful source of electromagnetic radiation, primarily in the infrared range (around 9.5 µm). Shorter and longer wavelengths extend into the visible (and UV) and microwave regions, respectively.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this document revolve around the investigation of anomalous and non-periodic phenomena using both traditional and novel scientific methods and instrumentation. There is a strong emphasis on the ongoing nature of scientific discovery and the potential for new insights from exploring poorly understood events. The article advocates for the development and application of specialized apparatus and techniques to study these phenomena across various domains – atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. The editorial stance appears to be one of scientific inquiry, exploring the possibilities and challenges of studying phenomena that lie outside conventional understanding, while also acknowledging the limitations and subjective aspects of some non-traditional methods.

This issue, spanning pages 232-241, focuses on the geophysical mapping of anomalous zones and related phenomena. The content is primarily in Russian, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technical exploration of unexplained events and diagnostic methods.

Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiation with Biological Tissues The initial sections discuss the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with biological tissues and other organic materials. It highlights the selective, narrow-band nature of this interaction, leading to resonance phenomena. The reversibility of absorption and emission processes allows for the registration of microwave and infrared radiation using specialized equipment, as demonstrated by experiments by E. E. Godik. This radiation can provide information about the depth of tissues and, by analyzing the intensity distribution, can help assess the functional state of internal organs (norm, hyper-, or hypofunction). Thermography is presented as a method for creating a thermal 'portrait' of the body to identify areas of anomalous energy distribution, facilitating diagnostic procedures.

Psychotronic Diagnostics The article then explores psychotronic methods, which, with less objectivity than thermography, can also be used for diagnostics. Trained operators can reportedly detect thermal contrasts as small as 0.1 or 0.01 degrees Celsius. It is suggested that operators may also perceive radiation in the microwave range through resonant interaction. The subjective sensations experienced by psychotronic operators, such as warmth, cold, tingling, or burning, are attributed to the varying contributions of different spectral components of the patient's radiation. This subjective perception, when combined with appropriate medical training, can enable differential diagnosis of internal organ pathologies and localization of affected areas.

Visual Diagnostics and Operator Capabilities Visual diagnostics are discussed in relation to the operator's ability to identify pathological foci. This is attributed to the non-additive nature of radiation from the patient's body, originating from both visible and infrared/UHF spectral regions. The eye's lens focuses this radiation onto the retina, allowing skilled operators to identify pathological areas.

Biocorrection Procedures The issue touches upon biocorrection procedures, which typically involve 'removing excess energy' from a patient, 'redistributing' internal energy, or 'imparting' external energy. Experiments have shown that during biocorrection, the skin temperature on the palm can change by 1-2 degrees Celsius. This temperature difference between the operator's hand and the patient's body facilitates radiative heat exchange, leading to temperature equalization. The spectral curves of radiation from the operator's hand are shifted towards shorter wavelengths compared to the patient's body, meaning the hand emits radiation in the shorter wavelength range (below 9.5 µm) and absorbs in the longer wavelength range (above 9.5 µm). This process of temperature equalization can take several minutes. Biological feedback between the operator and patient plays a crucial role in both psychotronic diagnostics and biocorrection.

Provocative Agents and Corpuscular Radiation To enhance diagnostic accuracy, provocative agents can be used to activate a diseased organ. These agents can include food, medication, or verbal suggestions. Corpuscular radiation emanating from the operator's hands is also considered an active factor in biocorrection. The human body is a source of various particles, including electrons, protons, water molecules, ammonia, carbon dioxide, active radicals, organic molecules, and salts. These particles, when absorbed by the skin, particularly at biologically active points, can cause temperature changes due to exothermic or endothermic reactions. Surface anesthesia can also occur, likely due to the absorption of complex organic molecules.

Other Physical Fields and Technical Methods Other physical fields relevant to human diagnostics include acoustic radiation and the dynamics of constant and quasi-constant electric and magnetic fields. The practical application of psychotronic diagnostics and biocorrection procedures allows for the development of new technical diagnostic and biocorrection methods. For instance, diagnostic processes can be enhanced by portable receivers of electromagnetic radiation from humans, utilizing tunable reception bands through interchangeable filters or diffraction gratings. For biocorrection, tunable millimeter-wave generators, infrared and visible light sources (LEDs, lasers) are employed, often with biological feedback.

General Principles of Anomalous Phenomenon Study A unifying principle in the study of these phenomena is the identification of unusual properties in ordinary material media, isolating deviations from a uniform state, and analyzing their development over time to understand commonalities and establish general patterns. The ultimate goal is to transition from the 'unnatural' to the natural and rational.

Geophysical Mapping of Anomalous Zones (V. P. Skavinsky) The article by V. P. Skavinsky focuses on geophysical mapping of anomalous zones. Skavinsky, born in 1960, graduated from Tomsk Polytechnic Institute in 1982 with a degree in geophysics. He is a researcher at the Tomsk Department of Experimental Geophysical Research and has published on experimental geophysics and the prediction of anomalous phenomena. He is also a member of a research group on anomalous phenomena and a section on terrestrial and technogenic anomalous phenomena.

Integration of Knowledge and Anomalous Phenomena The study of Earth sciences, including its gaseous and plasma envelopes, requires integrating geological and physicochemical knowledge to understand complex interrelationships. This integration is crucial for addressing problems involving complex event interactions. The increasing technogenic load on natural systems necessitates the study of newly formed, unusual, and rapidly occurring techno-natural processes. The growing database and geographical scope of research drive the investigation into the nature and mechanisms of these non-periodic, rapid phenomena. Furthermore, the development of Earth physics has raised questions about technogeophysical aspects of identifying zones of stored energy relaxation and their release. The sensitivity of lithospheric structures to external electromagnetic and deformational disturbances is also a key area of inquiry. The rapidly developing field of solar-terrestrial physics, including applied problems, has sharpened the need to study anomalous phenomena in the environment.

Challenges in Studying Anomalous Phenomena The diverse nature and origins of anomalous phenomena make comprehensive analysis challenging with current information resources. The heterogeneity of initial data and the sheer volume of reports require careful selection based on various criteria. For instance, geophysical interpretations of mass anomalies should exclude events directly related to technical experiments or atmospheric/space exploration. Recognizing new facts requires a solid foundation in existing knowledge and conceptual frameworks. Models developed for studying anomalous phenomena are inherently preliminary and limited, especially in the early stages of formalization.

Identifying Localized Anomalous Atmospheric Phenomena (NAY) A group of unusual atmospheric phenomena (NAY) with stable localization in specific spatial zones and recurring over significant time intervals has been identified. These localization zones have not yet been geophysically studied. The concentration of NAY in tectonically active zones suggests the involvement of deep-seated electrogeneration, linked to mechanoelectrical transformations (A. A. Vorobiev, G. A. Sobolev, M. B. Gokhberg), galvanoelectricity (P. Sivenas, F. U. Biles), and energy-mass exchange, which create favorable conditions for luminous formations. A significant challenge in developing explanatory models is identifying the direct cause of these NAY, particularly in tectonically active areas with neotectonic movements. Studying these zones, especially in consolidated and concentrated conditions where geological-geophysical factors are less dominant, helps narrow down the equivalent range of causes directly involved in the formation of these phenomena.

Geophysical Factors in NAY Localization The effect of spatial localization of opto-electrical phenomena in the atmospheric boundary layer is also observed in studies of thunderstorm activity, mid-latitude and high-latitude auroras, and ball lightning. Comprehensive studies in such zones, regardless of scale, can help determine the physical conditions for NAY generation. The properties of isolated NAY can be assessed by their impact on soil and rock during relaxation or contact. Documented contact cases are rare, making generalizations difficult but emphasizing the need for detailed, comprehensive studies, such as the investigation of the Tunguska event in 1908.

Comprehensive Geophysical Research and Geo-monitoring Comprehensive geological-geophysical investigations of NAY generation zones can enhance understanding of their formation conditions (environment of existence) and the physics of the phenomena themselves, beyond laboratory experiments. The study of microgeophysical zones is becoming increasingly relevant due to new questions concerning human-environment interaction, geophatogenic zones, and geoecology.

Geophysical Methods for Anomalous Phenomenon Study Complex geophysical methods are applied to study anomalous phenomena, with the choice of methods depending on the specific work and tasks. These include areal geophysical mapping, searching for substances introduced by NAY or formed during relaxation, and monitoring parameters characterizing energy-mass exchange and physical fields. The characteristics of local zones (small area, often difficult to access) require the use of informative and mobile methods. For initial assessments, magnetometric and electrical exploration methods, implemented through micro-mapping, are sufficient. Standard equipment includes proton and quantum magnetometers, magnetic susceptibility meters, and geovoltmeters. The intensity of magnetic and electrical fields varies depending on the area and the nature of the disturbing factors. The Gorny Altai region, for example, exhibits high magnetic field gradients (up to 1000-1500 nT·m⁻¹) and anomalous contrast relative to the background, likely caused by shallow magnetic masses or inductional remagnetization from thunderstorm discharges. In consolidated conditions with less environmental disturbance, anomaly intensity is lower (up to 100 nT in Vilnius).

Magnetic and Electrical Field Studies Mapping NAY relaxation areas in practically non-magnetic rock formations (magnetic susceptibility χ = 1·10⁻⁶ SI units) reveals magnetic field anomalies in the near-surface layer of rocks, possibly due to magnetic substance injection or changes in the structure of iron oxide pigment upon contact with NAY (Far East, Fig. 2). The spatial correlation between magnetic field isolines and magnetic susceptibility supports this hypothesis. In another case of NAY contact with the underlying surface (Estonia, TP-69), no changes in the magnetic field were observed. The natural electric field (NEP) method provides additional information about the filtration properties of the medium, conductive accumulations, and sometimes 'frozen-in' polarization. The intensity of NEP anomalies is generally low in all studied areas and requires strict methodological control for accurate interpretation. Good correlation between NEP data and biolocational anomalies is noted.

Other Methods and Search Operations Radiometric methods, metal detectors, and various indicators have also been used in mapping. These methods are often chosen for their accessibility and simplicity. Beta and gamma activity measurements at some sites showed background values of 7 counts/min/cm² and 10 µR/hour, respectively. Gas-turbulent profiling has been employed, considering the hypothesis of NAY being linked to energy-mass flows. This method, in addition to mapping geological blocks and sources of heavy elements, provides indirect information about the convective part of the heat flow involved in the formation of vortex structures.

Investigating 'Strange' Finds Search operations have uncovered reports of 'strange' finds, including substances and formations with technological characteristics. These finds can be categorized into two types: dispersed substances (small droplets of various compositions) in NAY relaxation areas, which may be introduced or formed upon contact; and massive samples interpreted as results of modern or paleo-contact with NAY. Despite their exotic nature, these findings require confirmation and study. Key questions include confirming the reports, identifying the nature of the impact, and determining the physical properties and structure of the presumed NAY.

Analysis of Contact Zones Results from searching for dispersed substances upon NAY contact with rocks (Far East) involved analyzing magnetic field isoline plans and magnetic susceptibility. It was assumed that maximum values in non-magnetic rock conditions correspond to maximum substance particle concentration. Profiles for collecting rock samples for paleomagnetic analysis were also identified. Significantly, samples from contact zones exhibit different magnetic properties compared to background samples. The vector of residual magnetization is asymmetrically distributed in two planes relative to the impact center (Fig. 3), and magnetic property changes are more pronounced at the periphery of the impact zone. This suggests that the NAY likely possessed an electromagnetic structure.

Search for Massive Objects The search for more significant presumed inhomogeneities (massive objects) is a classic task in ore and engineering geophysics. The effectiveness of methods depends on the contrast in physical properties such as conductivity, density, magnetism, acoustic stiffness, and radioactivity. This allows for the creation of a geologically realistic model of the inhomogeneity, guiding the selection of geophysical methods. An example is the search for paleo-contact substances in a European site, where a hypothetical object was estimated to be over ten meters in size, buried about six meters deep, with specific magnetic susceptibility, density, and conductivity. The investigation involved magnetometry, electrical exploration (vertical electrical sounding, NEP), and engineering seismology. The results provided quantitative profiles and characteristic elastic and magnetic parameters, concluding that no significant non-geological object was present in the area.

Geo-monitoring Geo-monitoring is defined as a complex of geological-geophysical and geochemical methods to control the state of microgeophysical objects, aiming to obtain temporal characteristics and predict NAY events. This type of work requires developing a conceptual framework for NAY, carefully separating reports, and employing technical means to control near and far zones to avoid false correlations, theoretical and

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the investigation of anomalous phenomena, particularly Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), through geophysical and other scientific methods. There is a strong emphasis on the interaction of physical fields (electromagnetic, magnetic, electric) with biological systems and the environment. The editorial stance appears to be one of rigorous scientific inquiry, seeking to understand these phenomena through data collection, analysis, and the development of new methodologies. The work of V. P. Skavinsky highlights a systematic approach to mapping and studying anomalous zones, integrating various geophysical techniques. The issue advocates for a rational, scientific approach to understanding phenomena that may appear 'unnatural,' aiming to reclassify them within a natural framework.

This issue of the magazine delves into the technical aspects of investigating anomalous phenomena, focusing on atmospheric objects with unusual characteristics and poltergeist activity. The primary articles explore the application of radar technology for UAP detection and the historical and technical approaches to studying poltergeist phenomena.

Prospects for Radar Observation of Atmospheric Objects with Anomalous Characteristics

This section, authored by L. V. Bolkhovsky and E. A. Ermilov, discusses the potential of radar systems for observing anomalous atmospheric objects (UAP). The authors highlight that while achieving the first requirement of experimental research (e.g., precise measurements) is still a challenge, existing data from geophysical parameter observations indicate spatial and temporal peculiarities of microgeophysical objects. Anomalous magnetic field variations and high-amplitude changes in electric potential and rock resistivity have been observed in the Altai region, identifying it as a 'sensitive zone' where weak disturbances cause intense reactions.

Studies on gas flows and aerosol-gas systems show a nocturnal maximum in gas phase concentration between 02-04 hours (statistical maximum of NAYa). Processes like coagulation and desorption of micron-sized particles lead to charge redistribution and oscillations, generating electromagnetic radiation. This results in continuous radio noise, with the frequency of emission depending on the particle's charge. Measuring radio noise offers a way to assess electromagnetic processes in the near-surface air layer and estimate volume charge dynamics. Observations of radio noise intensity over six months indicate a correlation between field dispersion, spectral energy density shifts towards decade harmonics, and NAYA events.

Well-organized research into microgeophysical objects is expected to reveal the cooperation of geological, geophysical, and geochemical processes and the role of unusual atmospheric phenomena within them.

The authors, L. V. Bolkhovsky (born 1939) and E. A. Ermilov (born 1937), are presented with their academic backgrounds. Bolkhovsky, a candidate of technical sciences, is a senior researcher at Gorky Polytechnic University and a participant in the Gorky section for studying atmospheric UAP. Ermilov, also a candidate of technical sciences and an associate professor, chairs the Gorky regional section for studying atmospheric UAP and is a member of the UAP Commission of the Union of Scientific and Engineering Societies (SNIO) USSR. He also contributes to the Spanish ufological journal 'Cuadernos de Ufologia'. His work focuses on developing methods for identifying anomalous phenomena and investigating their physical nature and impact.

The article then addresses the question of using radar for UAP research. It notes that preliminary analysis of radar data suggests the possibility and necessity of using multi-type radar complexes for studying UAP physical characteristics. This requires experienced operators familiar with UAP observation peculiarities. Existing data from visual, visual-radar, and radar observations have led to hypotheses about UAP models: metallic, plasma-metallic, and plasma. The metallic model is supported by observations of opaque, dark objects with a metallic sheen. The presence of a plasma layer around UAP, though not always detectable during daytime due to solar illumination, is suggested by observers reporting an orange cloud. Plasma luminescence is more noticeable at night and is supported by radar data, such as the case of UAP pursuit by Iranian Air Force fighters in 1976. Anomalous luminous formations in the atmosphere, sometimes confirmed by radar, have also been observed, for instance, in Hessdalen, Norway.

The reliability of radar detection of UAP depends on the reflective, refractive, and absorptive properties of the electron-ion plasma, which are influenced by electron concentration (Ne) and temperature (T). These parameters are determined by the degree of atmospheric ionization around the UAP. The critical plasma frequency (f_p) is calculated based on Ne, and it dictates the reflection of radio waves. Changes in Ne can significantly alter the reflection, refraction, and absorption of radio waves by the plasma, thus affecting the UAP's effective scattering area (ESA). This explains the varying radio visibility of UAP on different radar bands. The interaction can be complex due to non-uniform Ne and T distribution, leading to fluctuating currents and plasma magnetization, causing additional radio wave absorption at electron and ion cyclotron resonance frequencies.

While simple, non-coherent pulse radars are rarely used for UAP tracking, coherent radars with coherent heterodyne systems and Moving Target Indication (MTI) are more common for aircraft, helicopters, and satellites. These systems compensate for reflections from stationary objects. When MTI is disabled, these radars function as non-coherent systems. The spectral width of the probing signal in these radars is typically a few MHz. UAP observed with such radars may exhibit distinct characteristics:

• Varying radio visibility due to differential interaction with plasma.
• Specific interference caused by plasma bremsstrahlung across a wide frequency range, including at resonance frequencies.
• Pulsations in the UAP's echo due to the instability of the plasma layer's thickness.

Additional signs of UAP include hovering or slow-speed movement, and disruptions in MTI echo compensation when MTI is active, likely due to plasma layer thickness fluctuations. However, MTI disruptions can also occur with known targets like helicopters or turboprop aircraft due to Doppler fluctuations in the echo spectrum.

Another drawback of these radars is degraded or lost echo reception for UAP moving at high speeds (tens of km/s) due to significant Doppler frequency shifts. Conversely, UAP moving at relatively slow speeds might be reliably detected by all radar types if they lack a plasma layer or are plasma-transparent. In such cases, the absence of a declared flight plan or transponder response ('friend or foe') can be indicators. However, even these signs are not foolproof, as UAP have been known to respond to 'friend or foe' interrogations.

To overcome these limitations, various radar types are being developed that emit probing pulses with spectral widths of tens to hundreds of MHz, offering high range resolution and characteristic 'radar portraits' for different targets. This improves the reliability of UAP identification among other aircraft. Such 'portraits' can be formed using nanosecond and picosecond pulse radars, though their implementation is challenging for ranges beyond tens of kilometers due to high peak power requirements.

Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signals with spectral widths of hundreds of MHz are preferred. These allow for necessary detection ranges by selecting appropriate LFM pulse durations and provide good range resolution through matched filtering, compressing echoes to durations of about 10^-8 seconds. This enables range resolution of 1 meter or less, distinguishing signals reflected from individual 'bright points' of a target as a series of pulses with varying amplitude and timing, observable on an oscilloscope or sector/circular display.

For a specific type of aircraft or helicopter, these pulses are distinct, while for a sphere, it's typically a single pulse. The simpler, spheroid-like shape of a UAP, especially with a plasma layer, results in a simpler 'radar portrait'. Target recognition can be automated by comparing the obtained 'portrait' with stored 'templates' in a computer's memory, allowing the radar to provide azimuth, range, and velocity data.

These LFM radars are less sensitive to Doppler frequency broadening (ΔfD), which is usually less than Δf. Even when ΔfD approaches Δf, disrupting echo compression and 'portrait' formation, the 'scattering' effect itself can serve as a distinguishing feature. A minor drawback of LFM pulse compression is a 'blind zone' of 1-2 km from the radar, which can be reduced to 100 m by using shorter probing pulses for near-field observation. The main difficulty lies in converting very short pulses into longer ones for display on a standard narrow-band circular sweep indicator.

Calculations suggest that a portable version of such a radar operating in the 3-cm wavelength band could detect airborne objects up to 20-30 km away with an average power of 2-5 W. This would enable its use in field studies for UAP observation in regions where they are frequently reported, such as Hessdalen.

Tests of a prototype compact LFM radar have shown its ability to distinguish characteristic 'portraits' for various objects with relatively low ESAs. However, 'portrait' radar does not guarantee against erroneous UAP detection due to misinterpretation by inexperienced operators. Sources of such errors include:

• Receiving target echoes from side or rear lobes of the antenna's directional pattern (false azimuth), often due to improper receiver threshold adjustment, high target ESA, or failures in the system suppressing side lobes.
• Receiving signals from main or side lobes reflected from large ground structures (towers, pipes, buildings), causing false target marks whose position shifts with target movement according to geometric optics laws.
• Receiving signals from targets at long ranges and high altitudes, associated with super-refraction and observation of targets beyond the horizon due to radio beam bending. Stationary marks from distant large ground structures, which MTI cannot eliminate due to signal phase fluctuations at long ranges, may also appear here. Experienced operators usually know about such structures or the passage of aircraft.
• Receiving reflected signals from targets via 'mirror' reflecting layers in the atmosphere due to temperature inversions; these marks are identified by the layer's wind drift.
• Receiving reflected signals from atmospheric vortices ('angel echoes') that drift with the wind, as indicated by meteorological data.
• Receiving signals from identical radars covering the operating zone of the considered radar, appearing as false target marks. This is a rarer phenomenon, occurring when their carrier frequencies and pulse repetition frequencies coincide, and is easily eliminated by changing the latter.

Successful application of various radar types for UAP fixation and study is possible with operational communication between observation points, which can be achieved between departmental radars (e.g., air defense, airports, aviation plants, hydrometeorological observatories). Access to this data for the scientific community would facilitate research into anomalous phenomena and UAP.

Technical Means for Investigating Poltergeist Phenomena

This section, authored by I. V. Mirzalis and V. N. Fomenko, addresses the investigation of poltergeist (PG) phenomena using technical means. The authors acknowledge that despite centuries of attempts, the nature of PG remains elusive, with over two dozen hypotheses existing but no single universally accepted one.

Mirzalis believes PG might represent rare and extraordinary forms of bioenergetic-informational exchange between living and non-living matter, or between an organism and its environment, typically within a few dozen meters. He suggests that poltergeist-like phenomena occurring without human presence, such as in 'haunted' houses, might be extreme forms of energy-informational exchange inherent to inanimate matter.

Fomenko, on the other hand, views PG as a manifestation of a higher intelligence, possibly a probe from a machine civilization. He posits that PG phenomena are rare and extraordinary forms of bioenergetic-informational exchange.

Despite their differing views on the origin and nature of PG, both authors agree on the importance and promise of using technical means for scientific study, alongside other methods. They believe such research can help confirm or refute existing hypotheses.

Historically, the use of technical means in PG research has evolved. Early attempts, such as in Great Britain between 1830-1831 and 1834, involved investigating spontaneous ringing of mechanical bells in homes. Despite thorough investigations, natural causes were not found. The phenomena ceased when a young woman associated with the events left the house or when the house's owner, E. Moore, was convinced the ringing was not man-made.

In France, around 1846, investigations focused on anomalous phenomena (movement, displacement, disappearance of household objects) occurring in the presence of a fourteen-year-old girl, Angelica Cotten. A heavy oak table moved inexplicably, and objects moved around her. Scientists and doctors investigated, with some hypothesizing an 'electric girl' due to the phenomena's nature. Attempts to detect electricity were unsuccessful. However, when glass was placed under her chair and feet, the phenomena stopped, leading to speculation that the scientific apparatus might have had a psychologically inhibiting effect on the girl.

In February 1846, Angelica was brought to Paris, where prominent scientists, including the president of the Paris Academy of Sciences and director of the Paris Observatory, D. F. Arago, observed the phenomena firsthand. Arago was so impressed that he insisted on the Academy appointing a commission to study the matter.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of anomalous phenomena, particularly UAP and poltergeist activity. There is a strong emphasis on the application of advanced technical means, such as radar, for detection and analysis. The articles highlight the challenges and potential of these technologies, drawing on both contemporary research and historical case studies. The editorial stance appears to be one of rigorous scientific inquiry, seeking to understand these phenomena through empirical data and systematic investigation, while acknowledging the diverse and sometimes speculative nature of the hypotheses proposed.

This issue of "Nauka i Tekhnika" (Science and Technology) from 1989, issue number 10, delves into the scientific investigation of poltergeist phenomena (ПГ) using technological means. It presents a comprehensive overview of historical and contemporary research efforts, highlighting the challenges and advancements in the field.

Early Investigations and the Role of Technology

The article begins by recounting early attempts to study these phenomena, dating back to the 19th century. A commission appointed by the Paris Academy of Sciences in the mid-1800s investigated a young girl named Angélique, attempting to detect 'free electricity' using 'physical instruments.' However, the commission's findings were unfavorable, concluding that the phenomena were not real.

Another early case involved Honoria Seguin in France in 1857, where furniture moved. An investigation by Dr. Pino using a simple apparatus of elderberry balls on silk failed to detect any electrical attraction, while a heavy wooden chair moved on its own. The doctor noted that the girl's limbs remained immobile.

In Russia, the first known attempt at technical investigation of ПГ occurred in 1871 with the Shchapov family. Phenomena included knocks, object levitation, and unusual light effects. A commission, including technologist engineer A. F. Akutin, editor N. F. Savichev, and Dr. A. D. Shustov, observed these events. They employed physical instruments, even breaking through the floor to place a metal rod connected to the ground and a Leyden jar. Despite their efforts and the use of various devices like compasses and magnets, the instruments failed to detect any electrical or magnetic affinity with the phenomena. V. Shchapov noted that while the phenomena continued, the commission's efforts yielded nothing.

Development of Apparatus and Case Studies

The article then discusses the lack of published research using technical means between 1871 and 1968, though it acknowledges this doesn't mean no such research occurred. It highlights a seminal 1965 article by parapsychologist Ch. T. Targ, who emphasized the high cost of equipment and the lack of understanding among parapsychologists regarding modern electronic apparatus. Targ aimed to provide researchers with an overview of how such equipment could be used to detect deception and gather information.

Several case studies illustrate the application of technology:

• Rosenheim, West Germany (1967-1968): Hans Bender investigated phenomena in a law office, including persistent phone calls from nowhere and burnt-out fuses. These events were linked to a 19-year-old secretary. Investigations by physicists from the Max Planck Institute recorded significant voltage fluctuations and unusual sounds, concluding the cause was 'mechanical influence without a visible cause.' The phenomena ceased when the secretary left.
• Canada (1975): Researchers M. A. Persinger and R. A. Cameron used technical equipment to register possible physical correlates of poltergeist-like phenomena in an apartment. They recorded an intense electromagnetic signal on November 27th, coinciding with a resident experiencing intense fear. Two more signals were recorded on November 30th, though the resident slept peacefully.
• UK (1978): A homeowner reported an inexplicable increase in electricity consumption, which an inspector could not explain.
• UK (1980s): A 17-year-old named Tim claimed to be able to bend metal objects and cause spontaneous combustion at will. While he could perform these feats when unobserved, controlled experiments in a laboratory setting failed to replicate them.
• UK (1970s-1980s): English researchers A. Gold and A. Cornell used a complex apparatus, including devices for telekinetic effects, automatic cameras, and sensors for vibration and temperature, to study ПГ.
• UK (1986): A. Cornell demonstrated his apparatus for studying 'restless houses' and poltergeists.
• UK (1981): Researchers attempted to photograph the interior of a house with ПГ phenomena using two cameras.
• USSR (1987-1988): Researchers like A. G. Parkhomov used specialized sensors (e.g., infrasonic noise generators) to record phenomena in various locations, noting distinct rhythmic patterns in the recordings that persisted even after the sensor was removed from the site.

Detecting Deception and Natural Causes

The article emphasizes that technical means can be used to detect deception, which is considered a common factor in many reported cases. It notes that some researchers estimate up to half of reported ПГ cases could be attributed to fraud, often involving elderly individuals seeking attention or families seeking housing.

However, sophisticated equipment can also reveal genuine anomalies. The case of Tim, the 17-year-old, demonstrated that while controlled conditions prevented him from performing psychokinetic feats, the initial investigation suggested potential underlying abilities.

Potential natural explanations are also explored. Some research suggests that ПГ phenomena might be linked to unusual physical forces of tectonic origin, such as electromagnetic or magnetic components generated by tectonic stresses, which could affect the human brain. The article also points to correlations between ПГ activity and seismic events or variations in the Earth's rotation speed.

Conclusion

The issue concludes by noting that in recent decades, researchers have increasingly utilized technical means like tape recorders, cameras, and photographic equipment to objectively document ПГ. While challenges remain, particularly in distinguishing genuine phenomena from deception and understanding their underlying causes, the use of technology has significantly advanced the scientific study of these perplexing events.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of poltergeist phenomena, the evolution and application of technological tools in parapsychology, the critical analysis of case studies, and the ongoing debate between genuine anomalous events and potential deception or natural explanations. The editorial stance appears to be one of cautious scientific inquiry, advocating for rigorous methodology and the use of objective measurement to understand these phenomena, while acknowledging the complexities and limitations of current research.

This issue of "Nauka i Tekhnika" (Science and Technology) from 1991, No. 11, focuses on the scientific investigation of paranormal phenomena, particularly poltergeist activity, and the application of technical means for their detection and analysis. The issue features a detailed article by P. A. Vorobiev on the physical fields generated by the human body and methods for their registration, alongside discussions on the technical aspects of studying phenomena like poltergeists.

Article: Technical Means for Recording Poltergeist Phenomena

The article begins by referencing a case involving a person named Tim, who claimed to possess psychokinetic abilities, including causing spontaneous combustion and bending metal objects. Experiments were conducted to verify these claims, utilizing hidden video cameras. Tim later revealed his interest in magic and his desire to test if he could simulate paranormal phenomena using illusionist skills, admitting to using chemical substances to ignite cotton wool and static electricity for other effects.

The text then shifts to the practical application of technical equipment in investigating unexplained physical manifestations, often attributed to poltergeist activity. A notable case from Great Britain in 1979 is described, where mysterious ticking sounds were heard in a house for seven years following a death in the family. Despite investigations involving horologists, sensitives, clergy, and psychical research societies, the source remained elusive until 1987. Entomologists identified the sounds as originating from a type of book-eating insect, a finding confirmed by the British Museum of Natural History. This case highlights how technical analysis can reveal natural explanations for seemingly paranormal events.

The authors then discuss the technical challenges and approaches to recording poltergeist phenomena. They outline the various types of manifestations that need to be registered, including object movement, material deformation, electrical disturbances, temperature changes, visual and acoustic anomalies, unusual smells, and chronal effects. The importance of registering non-specific influences, such as electromagnetic and acoustic vibrations, and subtle changes in chemical states is also emphasized.

The article details the types of sensors and equipment that can be employed, ranging from widely known devices to specialized detectors. The ideal setup is described as a mobile, autonomous, and automated system where sensors are placed at the location of the phenomenon, connected to a central processing unit via wired or wireless communication. A microcomputer would analyze sensor data, compare it to background levels, and activate hidden cameras or recording devices when unusual signals are detected. The system is designed to store data for later analysis and to differentiate between genuine anomalies and background noise.

Furthermore, the text suggests correlating sensor data with physiological parameters of individuals present (e.g., EEG, ECG) to identify precursors to poltergeist activity and develop automated detection systems. The analysis of physical evidence, such as the nature of damage to objects, can help determine the type of force applied (stretching, bending, compression, shear) and its characteristics (static or impact). Laboratory studies on analogous objects can confirm or refute hypotheses about the mechanisms behind these phenomena.

A key recommendation from researcher W. G. Roll (USA) is cited: "Appropriate equipment should be installed in such a way that it does not disrupt the existing psychological situation, which may depend on the phenomena."

The article concludes with three main points regarding the investigation of paranormal phenomena:
1. Some poltergeist phenomena are objective and can be registered by technical means.
2. The use of technical means is a promising approach for identifying the causes, nature, and essence of poltergeist phenomena, as well as natural explanations for pseudo-poltergeist manifestations and detecting deception.
3. The investigation of poltergeist phenomena using technical means should complement, not replace, other necessary research methods.

Article: Physical Fields of the Human Body and Methods of Their Registration

This section, authored by P. A. Vorobiev, provides a comprehensive overview of the physical fields generated by the human body and the techniques used to measure them. Vorobiev, born in 1927, is an electrical engineer and physicist with extensive research experience in electronics, microwave devices, and biophysics.

The human body is described as a complex biological system with largely unexplored capabilities. This lecture focuses on the generation and registration of physical fields by the human organism, noting that studying these fields can provide insights into health, inter-personal communication, and even therapeutic applications. Conversely, uncomfortable external fields can negatively impact health.

The article details seven types of physical fields:

1. Electromagnetic Fields: These are the most studied and include signals registered in medical practice (ECG, EMG, EEG). Sources include cellular membrane processes (ion transport) and interactions of microparticles within biomolecules. The article discusses the transmembrane action potential and microwave signals, noting their potential for registration at a distance.

2. Quasi-Static Fields: These arise from the electrochemical potential difference across cell membranes, primarily due to the differential permeability to ions like potassium and sodium. The resting potential is around -100 mV. Changes in this potential can be influenced by environmental factors like temperature gradients.

3. Magnetic Fields: Generated by chemical reactions creating current loops within the body and by layers of charged microparticles forming magnetic dipoles. Quantum effects, such as electron spin and orbital magnetic moments, also contribute. These fields can be registered using various magnetometers.

4. Acoustic Fields: These are related to sounds produced by speech, heartbeats, blood flow, and muscle tension. The article covers the spectrum of acoustic waves, from infrasound to hyper-sound, and mentions methods like acoustic spectroscopy for analysis.

5. Optical Fields: Observable as luminescence, such as the glow from animal eyes or human hands. Modern photodetectors allow for the registration of faint light emissions from the human body, which can be indicative of energy levels and potentially extrasensory abilities.

6. Thermal Fields: The body generates heat through metabolic processes, dissipated via convection, evaporation, and radiation. Infrared radiation, particularly in the 0.74 µm to 2 mm range, carries information about thermoregulation and genetic programming. Radio waves in the longer wavelength range (over 2 mm) also convey thermal information.

7. Gravitational Fields (Waves): The concept of gravity as an induced interaction, analogous to Van der Waals forces, is introduced, referencing the work of A. D. Sakharov. This theory posits that gravitational interaction is not fundamental but arises from quantum fluctuations of other fields.

For each field, the article discusses its origin, characteristics, and methods of registration, highlighting their relevance to both medical diagnostics and the study of paranormal phenomena.

Literature and References

The issue includes an extensive bibliography, listing 27 references, primarily in English and Russian, related to parapsychology, psychical research, and the technical investigation of anomalous phenomena. These references span from historical accounts to contemporary research papers and books.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the scientific investigation of paranormal phenomena, the application of technology and instrumentation in parapsychology, and the exploration of the physical fields associated with human beings. The editorial stance appears to be one of cautious scientific inquiry, advocating for rigorous methods and the use of technical means to understand phenomena that are often dismissed or misunderstood. The publication emphasizes that while paranormal phenomena are of interest, they should be approached with scientific rigor, and natural explanations should be sought first, with technical tools serving as crucial aids in this process. The inclusion of a detailed scientific lecture on human biophysics suggests a broader interest in the intersection of science and the unexplained.

This issue of "Anomalous Phenomena" (Volume V, Issue 1, dated 1970) explores new approaches to the study of anomalous phenomena, with a strong emphasis on scientific analysis, particularly in relation to illusionism and the nature of the human 'biofield'. The publication delves into theoretical frameworks, practical methodologies, and observational data.

The Human Biofield and Gravitational Theory

The initial articles discuss the concept of the human 'biofield', reframing it as a collection of real physical fields rather than a mystical entity. One author proposes a new theory of gravitation, suggesting that induced gravitational constants can be expressed through the parameters of these fields. A device is presented that can isolate the gravitational component of human physical fields. The article connects this to other reports, including one on a device that registers gamma radiation (GI) from humans, and another discussing longitudinal electromagnetic waves, questioning their all-penetrating nature and suggesting the need for a thorough physical interpretation.

Literature Cited

A list of five references is provided, covering topics such as potential fields in conductors, biophysics, quantum mechanics, bio-microwave communication, and vacuum quantum fluctuations in curved space-time.

On the Expertise of Phenomenal Events Using Illusionary Means and Tricks

This section, authored by V. S. Svechnikov and S. N. Golovach, addresses the scientific study of phenomena often attributed to paranormal abilities. The authors argue that before investigating such phenomena, a comprehensive and objective scientific expertise is necessary to determine if they can be explained by illusionary means. They emphasize the ethical aspect of such expertise, aiming not to accuse demonstrators of deception but to understand the potential for unconscious use of illusionary techniques. The complexity arises from the limited understanding of modern illusionism among experimenters. The article proposes a systematic analysis and classification of illusionary effects and the means used to achieve them.

Classification of Illusionary Effects

A table (Table 1) presents a classification of illusionary effects into four main categories:
1. Acts of Appearance/Disappearance: Includes appearance, disappearance, transposition (change of location), transformation (change of appearance), and restoration.
2. Manipulation: Covers attraction (stickiness), anti-gravity (levitation), animation (making inanimate objects appear alive).
3. Violation of Natural Laws: Includes invulnerability, permeability, sympathetic resonance, audience failures, physical anomalies.
4. Mentalism: Encompasses thought control, identification (finding things/people), telepathy (reading and transmitting thoughts), prediction, and extrasensory perception.

Basic Illusionary Means and Techniques

Table 2 outlines the fundamental means and techniques used in illusionism:
1. Illusionary Object: Objects designed to mimic real prototypes but with hidden properties. This includes каркасные формы (frame forms), оболочки (shells), disassemblable objects, collapsible objects, rotating surfaces, and double constructions.
2. Secret Compartment (Servant): Hidden spaces for concealing items, which can be fixed or mobile. This includes secret compartments, exchange compartments, servant props, and servant cloths.
3. Illusionary Actions: Actions performed on objects, either overtly or subtly, to create illusions. These include:
* Object Movement: Violating physical laws through methods like threads, rubber bands, centrifugal force, rapid/unseen movements, and concealed transfers.
* Object Substitution: Secretly exchanging one object for another, using duplicates, false duplicates, or disguised changes.
* Influence on Objects: Applying unseen forces such as invisible or hidden connections, hidden force, magnetic attraction, adhesion, controlled center of gravity, air pressure, secret marks, secret manipulation, and use of secret compartments.
* Audience Attention Management: Techniques to misdirect the audience's focus, including distraction, false explanations, confusion, simulation, pretense, and planned delays.
* Illusionary Techniques for Mental Effects: Methods like peeking, eavesdropping, copying, secret writing, pre-arrangement, planting, mathematical distribution, secret codes, and ideomotorics.
4. Optical, Chemical, Acoustic, Electrical Illusions: A broad category encompassing various sensory deceptions.

Conclusions on Illusionism Expertise

The authors conclude that objective expertise of phenomenal effects must analyze all known illusionary tricks that produce similar effects. This comparative analysis helps identify known illusionary means and techniques. The expertise then systematically verifies the investigated phenomenon for the potential use of specific illusionary methods and tools.

New Approaches in the Study of Anomalous Phenomena

This section, authored by V. N. Salnikov, focuses on predicting the time and place of anomalous phenomena (AP) occurrences. The author categorizes AP based on their environment of origin: atmospheric, lithospheric, hydrospheric, and technogenic. Conditions for their emergence are linked to factors like thunderstorm activity, geomagnetic storms, tectonic activity, proximity to water sources, and intersections of magnetic anomalies with technical structures.

Hypotheses on AP Generation

Several hypotheses are presented for the generation of electromagnetic systems (EMS) or UFOs (plasmoids) in nature:
1. Interchange of matter between celestial bodies (e.g., Sun-Earth relations).
2. Generation by Earth's lithosphere, mantle, and core (including mineral phase transitions, geological waveguides, discrete electromagnetic fields, and convergence of material and field structures).
3. Consequences of technogenic impact on the anthropogenic landscape.
4. Product of human activity, such as the release of psychophysical energy during wars, catastrophes, or intense emotions.
5. Objects of extraterrestrial civilization.

Postulates on Field Forms of EMS

Postulates are put forth to explain the independent existence of field forms of EMS:
1. Fields possess a quasi-crystalline structure in a Riemannian elliptical space.
2. Fields can detach from crystalline bodies of biological objects and exist as toroidal and vortex EMS.
3. Detached field EMS can pass through crystalline and amorphous solids unimpeded (superconductivity).
4. EMS (UFOs) and psychophysical energy can be transmitted over long distances via geological and atmospheric waveguides.
5. The quality of energy packet transmission depends on the medium's properties, receiver sensitivity, and the geophysical environment, including weather.

Methods for Predicting Anomalous Phenomena

• Proposed methods for predicting AP include:
• Geometric
• Geological-geophysical
• Determination of medium's physicochemical properties
• Biolocational
• Psychophysical (extrasensory)
• Contact-based methods (information from 'something else', informational-energetic fields, third-party contact, UFO contact, contact with extraterrestrial civilizations).

Case Study: Siberian Observations (March 18, 1988)

The issue presents a detailed account of anomalous object sightings in Western and Eastern Siberia on March 18, 1988. Multiple witnesses, including students, train passengers, and residents from various locations (Barabinsk, Bratsk, Prokopyevsk, Severo-Yeniseysk, Novosibirsk), reported observing luminous objects with varied characteristics: glowing areas with halos, multiple bright spots, spherical shapes forming triangles, and objects moving at different speeds and altitudes. One account from Novosibirsk describes an object that changed shape and appeared larger than the moon.

Field Research in Kemerovo Oblast

An expedition by the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute and the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was conducted in Kemerovo Oblast to perform geophysical observations related to anomalous phenomena. The expedition aimed to conduct simultaneous observations of the Earth's natural impulse electromagnetic field (EIEМPЗ) and biolocational effects (BLE) in an anomalous zone near the village of Yugo-Aleksandrovka. This location was chosen for its lack of industrial interference and its position within an anomalous zone characterized by specific geological and environmental conditions. The presence of a TV crew from Kemerovo, reportedly due to elements of extrasensory foresight, is noted.

#### Geomorphological Characteristics of Yugo-Aleksandrovka

The village of Yugo-Aleksandrovka is described as being 55 km east of Kemerovo, with no electrical installations, thus free from industrial noise. It is situated on a plateau within an anomalous zone known for its lower diurnal and nocturnal temperatures and a tendency for technical devices to fail. The zone is bordered by specific geographical features and is associated with the Kuznetsky Alatau mountain range.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently promotes a scientific and analytical approach to understanding phenomena often relegated to the paranormal or unexplained. It seeks to demystify concepts like the 'biofield' by grounding them in physics and to apply rigorous methodologies, such as those used in illusionism, to analyze extraordinary events. The editorial stance favors empirical investigation, classification, and the search for naturalistic explanations, while acknowledging the existence of unexplained phenomena and the need for advanced research methods, including geophysical and potentially extrasensory approaches. The detailed witness accounts and the proposed predictive models suggest an ongoing effort to systematically study and understand anomalous phenomena.

This document, likely an issue of a scientific or enthusiast magazine focusing on anomalous phenomena, contains detailed accounts and analyses of a UAP (Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon) sighting and related geophysical data. The primary focus is on an event that occurred on March 18, 1988, in the Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, involving the observation of a plasma object and its correlation with electromagnetic impulse (EMI) readings.

The Yugo-Alexandrovka Sighting (March 18, 1988) The issue begins by introducing the context of research into anomalous phenomena, mentioning work on "Underground Thunderstorm" by the Tomsk expeditionary detachment. It then details a specific incident on March 18, 1988, where the expedition's vehicle experienced a low oil warning. While stopped, the witnesses, including V. N. Salnikov, observed an anomalous object. The object was described as a "misty cloud" about four times the diameter of the moon, with a glowing sphere at its center. It appeared to be two white spheres separated by a dark space, moving parallel to the road at an altitude of 1-1.5 km and a speed of approximately 100 km/h. The object was observed for about six minutes before disappearing over the horizon. Photographs were taken with a Zenit-19 camera, though the resulting images (Photo 2) reportedly only captured one sphere, despite binocular observations confirming two.

Geophysical and Electromagnetic Analysis The article delves into the scientific analysis of the event, referencing the work of V. A. Saraev on predicting anomalous phenomena using a "loxodromic similarity antisymmetry" model. It discusses the intersection of several loxodromic lines in the region, including those passing through Yugo-Alexandrovka. The core of the analysis focuses on the registration of electromagnetic impulses (EMI) before, during, and after the UAP's passage. A station in Yugo-Alexandrovka recorded a maximum EMI intensity between 18:30 and 21:30, with a notable surge precisely when the object was overhead at 20:27. After the object's passage, EMI intensity decreased and then sharply increased again. The article notes that this surge might be influenced by the plasma object's passage or a geophysical response to the phenomenon.

Data from March 17-18, 1988, are compared with historical data from 1972, which also showed nocturnal EMI maxima in the same region. This comparison suggests that the observed EMI peaks might not be solely attributable to the UAP but could also be influenced by natural phenomena like magnetic storms or established regional EMI patterns.

Instrumentation and Data Presentation The research employed specific instruments for EMI measurement, including a sensitive amplifier (UZ-29) and a frequency counter (ChZ-57). The article presents graphical data (Figure 4) showing the intensity of the electromagnetic field at various frequencies during March 1988 in the Dzerzhinsky settlement area of Tomsk Oblast. These graphs illustrate fluctuations in EMI intensity over time, with some showing a correlation between periods of low EMI fluctuations and the appearance of anomalous objects.

Biolocation and Information Transfer The document also touches upon the concept of biolocation and its potential connection to UAP phenomena. It suggests that humans might be able to "hear" or sense geophysical processes and that optimal information exchange occurs during specific time intervals, particularly between 1:30 and 3:30 AM. The article posits that understanding the synchronous registration of EMI and biolocation effects could lead to better optimization of human perception and interaction with environmental fields.

Photographic Analysis of the Object Further analysis involves the processing of the UAP photograph (Photo 2) using a French computer system. The analysis aimed to reconstruct a three-dimensional representation of the object's luminescence. The results suggest that the object's visual appearance, particularly the perception of two spheres, might be an artifact of how the observer's eye perceives the zones of disturbance around the object, rather than the object's actual structure. The article mentions models of stable anomalous object forms and the influence of forces on points in space.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The recurring themes in this document are the investigation of anomalous aerial phenomena (UAP), the measurement and analysis of electromagnetic fields, and the exploration of potential links between these phenomena and geophysical processes. The editorial stance appears to be one of scientific inquiry, attempting to correlate eyewitness accounts with instrumental data and theoretical models. There is a clear effort to move beyond mere anecdotal evidence by incorporating quantitative measurements and photographic analysis, while also acknowledging the speculative nature of some of the concepts discussed, such as biolocation.

This issue of the magazine, identified by page numbers 292-301, focuses on the science of phenomena and processes of energy-information exchange in nature and society. The cover prominently features the title "ВВЕДЕНИЕ В НАУКУ О ФЕНОМЕНАХ И ПРОЦЕССАХ ЭНЕРГОИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБМЕНА В ПРИРОДЕ И ОБЩЕСТВЕ" (Introduction to the Science of Phenomena and Processes of Energy-Information Exchange in Nature and Society) and portraits of the article's authors.

Authors and Their Contributions

The main article "Introduction to the Science of Phenomena and Processes of Energy-Information Exchange in Nature and Society" is authored by F. R. Khantseveverov, A. V. Maslennikov, V. N. Levchenko, A. A. Orlov, and M. Ya. Zemlitsky. Each author's background and research interests are detailed:

• Fir'yaz Rakhimovich Khantseveverov (b. 1926) is a Doctor of Technical Sciences with extensive work in systemology, cybernetics, and system design. He is the Vice-President of the Federation of Engineers of the USSR and President of the All-Union Association of Applied Eniology.
• Aleksandr Veniaminovich Maslennikov (b. 1952) graduated in radioelectronics and has worked in laser systems. He is the Scientific Secretary of the All-Union Association of Applied Eniology and focuses on conceptual systemological approaches to eniology and energy-information exchange.
• Vladimir Nikolaevich Levchenko (b. 1952) has a medical background and specializes in applied psychology. He heads a laboratory at the All-Union Scientific Research Engineering and Technical Center "Enion" and is interested in the eniological aspects of psychology.
• Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Orlov (b. 1961) graduated in physics of metals and has worked on modeling technical systems, destruction processes, synergetics, and thermophysics. He is a senior engineer at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute and is interested in conceptual approaches to eniology and synergetics.
• Mikhail Yakovlevich Zemlitsky (b. 1939) has a background in mechanical engineering and has worked on special machine design, technological processes in aviation, and research into hydraulic and gas-dust flows. He is a member of the Presidium of the All-Union Association of Applied Eniology and Deputy Director for Scientific Work at the "Enion" center.

Scientific Concepts and Theories

The core of the issue revolves around the concept of Eniology, a new science proposed to study Enio-phenomena and Enio-interactions. These phenomena are described as arising from the interaction of systems at different levels of organization (physical-chemical, cosmic, biological, anthropological, social) and across different scales (mega, macro, micro). The interaction is characterized by a triad of informational, energetic, and substrate (material) components.

The authors argue that traditional scientific methodology, particularly the dialectical materialism and the structural-functional approach, is insufficient to adequately describe these phenomena. They highlight that the process of observation itself can alter the observed object, challenging the notion of objective reality independent of the observer. Eniology aims to fill this gap by studying these complex interactions, which are often overlooked by conventional science.

The informational component of enio-interaction is considered in both qualitative-semantic and quantitative-syntactic aspects. The energetic component is understood through frequency-amplitude characteristics (spectral composition), and the substrate component refers to the material carrier of the interaction, possibly through quantum locally-nonlocal fields.

Anomalous Phenomena and Case Studies

The issue discusses several anomalous phenomena, including ball lightning, unidentified flying objects (UFOs), and poltergeists, suggesting they are genetically linked and can be viewed as consequences of rapid geophysical processes and life activities. A comparative analysis of 12 groups of hypotheses categorizes them based on their focus on poltergeist, UFO, or ball lightning explanations.

Several case studies are presented:

• Kemerovo Phenomenon: Mentioned in comparison with images from the "Vega-1" station (March 4, 1986). The Kemerovo phenomenon is described as having a glowing core, a halo, a tail, and a weakly luminous shell.
• Plasma Objects: Observations of plasma objects are discussed, with one incident involving a plasma object encountered by a TU-154 aircraft flying from Tashkent to Donetsk on March 13, 1988, which caused engine failure. Another observation on March 18, 1988, in the Yugo-Aleksandrovka - Glukharinka - B. Zlatogorka region is described as a typical unidentified flying object of natural or technological origin, occurring during a period of anomalous geophysical conditions (magnetic storms).
• Aircraft Observation: Passengers on a flight from Beijing to Kemerovo on March 18, 1988, observed a basketball-sized object moving towards their plane at an altitude of 11,000 meters. The object changed direction, split into two smaller parts, and disappeared.
• Geophysical Response: The widespread nature of these anomalous phenomena suggests a large area of Earth affected by geophysical responses to natural and techno-natural disturbances. The authors suggest that the emergence of vortex electromagnetic fields during rocket launches could create stable quasi-crystalline field structures that contribute to these phenomena.

Visuals

The issue includes several figures and photographs:

• Figure 5: A diagram illustrating the mechanism of field structure formation in electromagnetic systems, attributed to V. I. Fedoshchenko.
• Figure 6: A model of the mechanism for the formation of anomalous objects, also attributed to V. I. Fedoshchenko, showing the relationship between energy and potential, and the influence of energy and potential fields on tetrahedrons.
• Photo 5: Depicts zones of disturbance around an object that is not visualized.
• Photo 6: Shows an object with a glowing zone around it, described as having the shape of two spheres.
• Photo 7: An anomalous object with a tail.

Literature Cited

A comprehensive list of 13 references is provided, citing works on electromagnetic systems, Earth's magnetic field, geophysical phenomena, UFOs, and poltergeists by authors such as V. N. Salnikov, V. A. Saraev, G. G. Tokarenko, A. A. Vorobiev, V. I. Chuprynin, L. V. Daricheva, V. N. Chernyavsky, K. I. Chepizhny, V. I. Fedoshchenko, V. V. Dvizhilny, V. K. Beletskaya, and I. V. Vinokurov.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the exploration of anomalous phenomena, the proposal of a new scientific discipline (Eniology) to study them, and the critique of existing scientific methodologies. The editorial stance appears to be in favor of expanding scientific inquiry beyond conventional paradigms to encompass phenomena that are not easily explained by current theories. There is a strong emphasis on the interconnectedness of energy, information, and matter in understanding these complex interactions. The authors advocate for a more holistic and integrated approach to scientific research, particularly in areas that bridge physics, psychology, and geophysics.

Title: НАУКА И РЕЛИГИЯ (Science and Religion)
Issue: 10
Volume: 1992
Date: October 1992
Publisher: Издательство «Республика» (Respublika Publishing House)
Country: Russia
ISSN: 0130-5188
Price: 1 ruble 50 kopecks
Cover Headline: ЭНИОЛОГИЯ: НАУКА ИЛИ ПСЕВДОНАУКА? (Eniology: Science or Pseudoscience?)

This issue of 'Nauka i Religiya' critically examines the field of eniology, exploring its theoretical underpinnings, methodologies, and its place within the scientific landscape. It features articles that delve into the philosophical and scientific aspects of eniology, as well as a detailed study on long-lived plasma formations.

Eniology: Philosophical and Ontological Foundations

The initial articles lay the groundwork for understanding eniology by defining its core concepts. The difficulty in defining the material nature of phenomena is highlighted, leading to the introduction of the concept of 'substantial unity of the world.' Substance is defined as the fundamental basis from which everything arises, existing in both a potential (unmanifested, homogeneous) state, analogous to the vacuum state in physics, and an active (manifested, differentiated) state, which constitutes the observable objects of eniology. The potential state of substance is considered immutable, forming the basis of true objectivity, while its differentiated manifestations are perceived through sensory experience.

This leads to two ontological propositions: 'on the substantial unity of the world' and 'on the potential (unmanifested) homogeneous and actual (manifested, differentiated) state of substance.'

Furthermore, the concept of 'substrate hierarchy' is introduced, suggesting that each systemic quality has a specific, indivisible material carrier. This is articulated in the third ontological proposition: 'on the triple hierarchy of differentiated substance – substrate, systemic, and scale-based.'

Research in quantum physics, nonequilibrium processes, and altered states of consciousness necessitates the introduction of the concept of non-locality of consciousness and psyche, suggesting their delocalization throughout the cosmos. This points to a unified semantic continuum of the Universe as a key attribute of substance, expressed in the 'principle of isomorphism of subject-object and substrate-semantic dichotomy of substance' and the 'proposition on the proto-consciousness of the Cosmos as a field of substrate-semantic mutual reflection.'

The objectivity of eniphenomena is understood as their non-identity with the knowing subject, leading to the sixth ontological proposition: 'On the objective reality of eniphenomena.'

Eniology: Epistemological Foundations

The epistemological basis of eniology is explored, questioning the adequacy of describing the cognitive process solely as empirical and theoretical assimilation of sensory experience. This limitation becomes apparent when analyzing eniphenomena, such as direct extrasensory cognition of the properties and laws governing systems. This necessitates the 'ontologization of epistemology,' viewing the cognitive process as an evolution of the Universe's self-reflection.

One approach, based on the work of V. Nalimov and others in transpersonal psychology, views cognition as the human being's increasingly adequate disclosure of the initial semantic continuum of the Cosmos. This is captured in the epistemological proposition: 'consideration of the cognitive process as the human being's disclosure of the initial semantic continuum of the Cosmos.'

Traditionally, it was believed that world cognition occurs without altering human perception. However, the study of eniphenomena suggests new pathways for acquiring information about the world, such as telepathy and psychometry. It is proposed that eniphenomena are knowable only through altered states of consciousness, enabling extrasensory knowledge acquisition. This leads to two epistemological propositions: 'on the boundless levels of consciousness and cognitive abilities of humans' and 'on the fundamental knowability of eniphenomena.'

The existence of irreducible qualities across different levels of material organization necessitates the introduction of a hierarchy of empirical and theoretical enioknowledge, and altered states of consciousness where this knowledge is obtained. This is reflected in propositions concerning the 'internal hierarchy of empirical and theoretical knowledge' and the 'isomorphism of the hierarchy of empirical and theoretical knowledge levels and human cognitive abilities.'

Methodology of Eniology

The specific nature of eniphenomena requires modifications to scientific methodology. While traditional methods involve controlled observation and laboratory study, eniology also utilizes specific methods. These include:

1. Method of resonant activation of eniphenomena: This is necessary because the specific qualities of systems responsible for eniphenomena are often latent and require external resonant influence for activation.
2. Method of altered states of consciousness: This allows individuals to directly access and perceive the energy-information and substrate structure of systems.

Eniology also employs specific tools, such as individuals in altered states of consciousness, specialized sensors with resonances to energy-information connections, and eniogenerators for activating eniphenomena. Traditional research tools like measuring instruments, sensors, computers, and data processing equipment are also utilized.

Conceptual Basis of Eniology

The paradoxical characteristics of eniphenomena, which initially seemed incompatible with modern scientific understanding, have been addressed by a comprehensive set of concepts. These are categorized into four groups:

• Classical concepts: Including radio-physical models, bioelectromagnetic concepts, and theories of longitudinal electromagnetic field components, electrogravidynamics, and microleptonic theory.
• Quantum-mechanical concepts: These build upon and develop ideas from quantum physics, such as quantum-mechanical non-locality and models of vacuum energy sources.
• Psychocybernetic concepts: This group includes synthetic concepts, synergistic approaches, and the concept of continual consciousness.
• Cosmobiocronotopodynamics concepts: These involve models of conformal electrodynamics, information topodynamics, and scientific astrology.

The article proposes an 'integral concept' that aims to unify these diverse theoretical representations and experimental data from physics, cybernetics, biology, psychology, and other sciences. This unified theory seeks to explain the majority of eniphenomena from a materialistic perspective and pave the way for the development of eniotechnology.

Role and Interdisciplinary Connections of Eniology

Eniology interacts with traditional sciences in several ways:

• Universal Character: Eniphenomena are universal, manifesting across various levels and scales of matter, necessitating the formation of interdisciplinary fields like eniphysics, enimedicine, and enipsychology.
• Conceptual Basis: Eniology utilizes existing scientific concepts that transcend specific disciplines, such as symmetry, semantics, and chaos, to form its own conceptual framework.

Eniology is presented as having its own distinct subject matter, philosophical-methodological, natural-scientific, and social foundations. Its comprehensive conceptual framework and instrumentation allow it to be considered an integral science of energy-information exchange processes in nature, society, and their associated phenomena.

Long-Lived Plasma Formations (LPPs)

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to the study of long-lived plasma formations (LPPs), particularly those occurring in humid air. The article by E. T. Protasevich focuses on explaining the physical nature of these formations, which have attracted considerable interest.

Protasevich, born in 1943, is a radio engineer and candidate of sciences, working in the field of plasma formation modeling. He has authored over 100 publications and holds 17 invention certificates.

The article critiques existing models of LPPs, noting that none fully satisfy researchers and some contradict fundamental laws of nature. The goal is to explain the physical nature of LPPs based on scattered ideas about cold, nonequilibrium plasma.

Key findings presented include:

• The presence of H2O molecules in the discharge lowers the temperature of some plasma components, leading to the formation of cold, nonequilibrium plasma regions (condensations).
• High temperature gradients at the boundaries of these regions cause compression of the cold plasma at thermodiffusion speeds.
• The effective frequency of ion-neutral collisions and the reduced mass of ions and neutrals play a role in plasma density.
• The growth of plasma concentration leads to strong electric fields, influencing spectral lines of hydrogen atoms.
• The slowing down of recombination rates in cold, nonequilibrium plasma (by 10^2-10^4 times) facilitates the accumulation of hydrogen atoms and stimulates plasma-chemical reactions, potentially leading to periodic processes observed as temporal pulsations.
• The self-ignition of a 'primed mixture' (hydrogen and oxygen) occurs when the effective plasma recombination time (τp) is equal to the induction time (τu).

Experimental results using equidensitometry show that LPPs have a lower intensity in the center and hotter regions on the periphery. The formation of a cold core is attributed to H2O molecule formation. The visual appearance is described as an orange flame flash against the background of the primary RF discharge plasma.

Intensities of LPPs over time show a quasi-stationary burning phase, with pulsations attributed to negative feedback through the plasma recombination coefficient.

Key conclusions regarding LPP modeling:

1. The presence of both fuel (hydrogen) and oxidizer (oxygen) in the discharge is crucial. Insufficient hydrogen can be compensated by additional supply. Rapid air+H2O mixture or air purging can hinder 'preservation' of fuel.
2. Besides water vapor, other hydrocarbons like transformer oil can be used to form LPPs.
3. The type of ionizing radiation is not critical, but its duration must be comparable to the induction time.
4. Depending on experimental conditions, LPPs can exist in various forms, from plasma to glowing gas.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the boundaries between science and phenomena often relegated to pseudoscience. It advocates for a broader, more integrated approach to understanding reality, incorporating concepts from quantum physics, consciousness studies, and even speculative fields like eniology. The magazine seems to adopt a stance of open inquiry, willing to explore unconventional ideas and theories, while also critically examining their scientific validity and potential. The detailed analysis of eniology and plasma physics suggests an interest in phenomena that challenge conventional scientific paradigms, seeking to find rational explanations or frameworks for them. The inclusion of articles on both philosophical concepts and specific physical phenomena indicates a desire to bridge the gap between abstract thought and empirical observation.

This issue of "NAUKA I RELIGIA" (Science and Religion), dated 1990, focuses on two primary scientific themes: gravitational radiation and its potential effects on Earth and the solar system, and the fundamental principles of crystallography and symmetry.

Gravitational Radiation and Solar System Processes

The article "GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION — ONE OF THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF NON-PERIODIC RAPID PROCESSES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND ON EARTH" by A. V. Shabelnikov explores the hypothesis that gravitational waves play a significant role in various natural phenomena. Experiments involving the probing of the plasma near the Sun by the "Venera-10" spacecraft revealed a sharp increase in solar wind speed at the first stationary orbit, located 7.106 km from the Sun. Similar findings have been reported in other studies. The article suggests that solar gravitational radiation, reaching maximum intensity in this region, could be a cause for this acceleration.

Further research discussed in the paper involves experiments aimed at detecting gravitational radiation from stars and galaxies using a 50-inch reflector and a Wheatstone bridge. Changes in the resistance of the bridge were observed when the telescope was directed at celestial objects, interpreted as an instantaneous effect of cosmic objects on the resistance material, mediated by gravitational waves.

Additional studies cited indicate that gravity influences the rates of biological and chemical reactions, including the reaction of ascorbic acid with dichlorophenolindophenol. These reaction rates were found to be independent of shielding and varied with solar eclipses and the Earth's rotation.

The article presents experimental data on the influence of gravitational radiation on Earth's orbital parameters, climate, magnetic field, and biosphere. Analysis of marine sediment cores from the Indian Ocean, spanning the last 450,000 years, revealed spectral density peaks corresponding to periods of changes in Earth's orbital eccentricity (94,000 years), axial tilt (40,000 years), and precession (23,000 years). The author proposes that these synchronized changes in natural processes are driven by gravitational waves emitted by a central object around which the solar system rotates.

Based on the estimated period of the solar system's rotation around the Local Group center (T₁ = 371,000 years) and its velocity (V₁ = 12 km/s), the article calculates the solar system's average distance to the center of rotation (R₁ = 0.728 pc) and the mass of the central body (M = 2.45 x 10^4 solar masses).

It is suggested that the interference of a finite number of gravitational waves with different amplitudes, frequencies, and phases can lead to non-periodic anomalous phenomena in Earth's lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. The article also touches upon theoretical frameworks for describing gravitational wave propagation, with one author proposing an analogy to Maxwell's equations, replacing electromagnetic vectors with gravitational counterparts.

Crystallography and Symmetry

Another significant section of the magazine is dedicated to the concept of symmetry in nature and human thought, particularly in the field of crystallography. The article "WHAT IS SYMMETRY — A LAW OF NATURE OR A SPECIFICITY OF HUMAN THINKING?" by R. V. Galiulin delves into the historical development of symmetry concepts.

Galiulin, a crystallographer and Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, discusses how the history of science is marked by a shift between symmetric and asymmetric concepts. He posits that abstract thinking, which involves isolating parts from a whole, is inherently symmetric, while nature, in its complexity, is asymmetric.

Crystallography is presented as a field where the principle of symmetry has been a primary research method since the time of Haüy. The article explains that crystalline structures are described by lattices, which are a specific case of regular point systems. The symmetry groups of these point systems (Fedorov groups) are subgroups of the Bravais lattice groups, meaning that transitioning from lattices to point systems reduces the symmetry.

The article introduces the 32 crystallographic classes and the 230 Fedorov groups, highlighting E. S. Fedorov's contribution in creating a complete list of discrete symmetry transformation groups for Euclidean space in 1890. These groups form the basis for understanding the structure of matter.

The author discusses how the concept of symmetry has evolved, including ideas like antisymmetry and superspace groups, which allow for more complex structures to be described. However, he also cautions against excessive generalization of symmetry, which can lead to absurdities and obscure fundamental physical laws.

A key point made is that Fedorov groups ensure the absolute indistinguishability of atoms in crystalline structures. This is presented as a physical law, where the finite number of distinct atoms in an infinite crystal lattice is a consequence of these symmetry groups. This distinguishes ideal crystals from quasicrystals, which can exhibit higher symmetry.

The article also touches upon the use of multidimensional groups in describing structures and the potential limitations of applying these to crystallography. It concludes by suggesting that a more intuitive definition of symmetry, such as harmony between a whole and its part, might be more useful than overly abstract mathematical definitions.

Literature and References

Both articles are supported by extensive lists of references, citing numerous scientific papers, books, and conference proceedings, primarily in Russian, with some English-language sources.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly emphasizes the interconnectedness of physical phenomena, suggesting that fundamental laws, like those governing atomic structures, are deeply rooted in geometric principles and symmetry. The editorial stance appears to favor exploring unconventional hypotheses, such as the role of gravitational waves in cosmic and terrestrial events, and the fundamental nature of symmetry in shaping the universe. There is a clear emphasis on scientific rigor, with extensive citations and detailed explanations of complex concepts in both physics and crystallography.

This issue of the magazine features articles on advanced topics in physics and natural sciences, with a particular focus on crystallography, the evolution of the universe, and the role of electromagnetic phenomena in life.

Crystallography and Geometry

The first section delves into the complexities of crystal formation, suggesting that non-Euclidean geometries might be necessary to resolve contradictions in current models. A model proposed by S. V. Rudnev, based on Riemannian elliptic geometry, offers a different perspective on particle ordering in crystal lattices, where particles may not be immediately adjacent but separated by several lattice periods. This leads to a zonal structure in growing crystals, consistent with real crystals. The text critiques the limitations imposed by metric approaches, arguing that geometric constraints can be relaxed to topological ones. A "combinatorially correct" planar grid is defined by its ability to undergo combinatorial-topological transformations that map any two nodes to each other while preserving the grid's structure. Such grids require more than two edges per node, with a maximum of six in Euclidean planes. There are eleven such combinatorially distinct planar grids, each transformable into a metrically correct grid corresponding to a Fedorov symmetry group. This implies that atoms only need combinatorially identical environments for crystal growth. The possibility of extending this to three-dimensional space remains an open question, with significant implications for crystallography.

Quasicrystals and Fedorov Groups

The concept of quasicrystals is introduced, where atoms of different types with topologically identical bonding patterns can form a common regular system, termed "quasicrystalline systems." However, this term has seen a different interpretation. The article suggests that the combinatorial-topological transformation groups of these systems are isomorphic to Fedorov groups, implying no new groups emerge under these assumptions. This leads to the conclusion that geometric conditions alone are sufficient for crystallization, making the concept of Fedorov groups less generalizable and possibly a fundamental property of space.

Electromagnetic Oscillations and Evolution

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to the role of electromagnetic (EM) oscillations in the evolution of nature, authored by L. G. Prishchep. The article posits that matter and energy across the universe and Earth are unified by common atomic building blocks and the universal laws of EM motion. Charged particles, from electrons to molecules, interact and recombine through EM relaxation or auto-oscillations. This process involves energy accumulation from external sources, followed by the emission of excess energy as EM oscillations. These oscillations are fundamental to energy exchange, information transfer, and the evolution of life. Auto-oscillations are credited with forming mechanisms for vital bodily functions like heart and lung activity, and for transmitting information through the nervous system. The article also touches upon the potential for creating technologies that manipulate organic matter using complex EM fields.

Cosmic Evolution and the Origin of Life

The evolution of the universe itself is described as having an auto-oscillatory character, involving cycles of expansion and contraction, potentially leading to "black holes." The Big Bang is depicted as the explosive event following the contraction of a super-dense mass of protons and neutrons. This event initiated the formation of atomic nuclei and the subsequent evolution of the EM spectrum. The article traces the chronological progression of EM radiation from gamma rays to infrared, suggesting a framework for understanding the universe's development. It highlights how atomic nuclei, influenced by electrostatic forces, attracted electrons, leading to the formation of atoms. Different types of EM radiation, such as X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared, are linked to electron transitions within atoms and molecular movements. The text presents a diagram illustrating the energy spectrum of EM oscillations and their relation to cosmic evolution, from the Big Bang to the cooling of the universe.

EM Auto-oscillations and Life

Electromagnetic auto-oscillations are presented as ubiquitous in nature, accompanying all processes of motion, friction, and interaction. They are crucial for the origin and evolution of life, facilitating the exchange of matter and energy. The article discusses how these oscillations might have enabled the formation of early biomolecules, the development of cellular structures, and the emergence of key life characteristics like metabolism, cell division, and reproduction. The potential for creating materials from atmospheric particles using EM fields is also mentioned, referencing observations made by N. Kulagina.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes the interconnectedness of physical phenomena, from the microscopic world of atoms and crystals to the vastness of the cosmos and the emergence of life. The underlying theme is the fundamental role of electromagnetic interactions and oscillations in shaping the universe and its inhabitants. The articles advocate for a deeper understanding of symmetry, topology, and geometry in physics and cosmology, while also exploring the potential of EM fields for technological innovation and the creation of new materials. The editorial stance appears to be one of scientific inquiry, pushing the boundaries of current understanding in these complex fields.

This issue of the magazine, identified by page numbers 334-343, features content related to anomalous phenomena and a specific school-seminar held in Tomsk. The primary focus is on the scientific and philosophical exploration of phenomena not yet fully understood by conventional science, with a particular emphasis on electromagnetic interactions in biological systems and the broader context of evolution.

Electromagnetic Self-Oscillations in the Evolution of Biological Objects

The initial articles delve into the fundamental role of electromagnetic (EM) fields and self-oscillations in the evolution of life. It is proposed that the symmetry of cell division was influenced by the Earth's geomagnetic field, atomic diamagnetism, and molecular interactions. EM fields are presented as crucial for the reproduction of protein molecules and the inheritance of traits, facilitated by resonance characteristics within cellular components like chromosomes and ribosomes. The constant bombardment of cells by various radiation sources (gamma rays, cosmic radiation, EM fields from ionospheric disturbances) is described as 'winding up' complex molecules, which then emit characteristic EM frequencies, guiding the assembly of new molecules based on resonance.

This principle of EM self-oscillations is extended to the evolution of all living matter, from simple organisms to humans. The formation of signaling systems and their reception by atoms and molecules, evolving into multi-cellular organisms, is attributed to interactions involving charged particles, ions, and dipoles influenced by various environmental fields (temperature, electric, magnetic, acoustic, gravitational, chemical). Resonance is highlighted as the key mechanism for mutual information and energy exchange between similar atoms, molecules, and structures.

The text discusses how objects incapable of broad information-energy exchange (IE) either failed to evolve or left no trace. The emergence of 'hydrocarbons' (likely referring to organic compounds) with the formation of Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere, facilitated by the IE mechanism, led to a proliferation of evolutionarily capable life.

Modern biological objects are highly sensitive to EM radiation. The article illustrates this with the example of insects and birds, whose bodies function as electrostatic generators. Friction with air during flight causes charging, with charges being emitted from pointed body parts (like stingers or beaks). This emission of charged particles in portions, termed aperiodic EM self-oscillations, is influenced by the sharpness of these parts. The density of charge on different parts of an insect's body, particularly on its stinger, is higher, allowing for micro-discharges that can penetrate the skin of prey.

Fish schools and flocks also create a pulsating electric field that can carry information over distances. The article concludes that the evolution of nature is fundamentally an evolution of its EM mechanisms and processes.

EM Radiation and Higher Animals

The text further explores EM radiation in higher animals, including humans. It references the idea proposed by academician P. P. Lazarev in 1923 that all sensations and movements generate waves, with the human head emitting long-wavelength waves. Norbert Wiener is also mentioned as having discussed similar ideas in 1960.

The article notes the discovery of precise correlations in bio-electrical signals from the heart, stomach, and other organs, leading to diagnostic methods for various diseases. Deviations in these bio-currents, which create magnetic fields that carry information, can indicate illness. This information transfer is compared to radio and television broadcasting.

It is argued that the principle of continuity in evolution, as proposed by Lamarck and Darwin, should be expanded to include the part of evolution that occurred before life emerged, focusing on the development of the unified spectrum of EM oscillations. This expansion could help understand phenomena previously attributed to parapsychology and paramedicine.

Anomalous Phenomena and the Unusual School

The latter part of the issue focuses on a specific event: an interdisciplinary scientific and technical school-seminar held in Tomsk from April 18-24, 1988, titled "Non-periodic fast-occurring phenomena in the environment." The term "non-periodic" was interpreted as "unpredictable," and "fast-occurring" as "outpacing reason."

Anomalous phenomena (AP) are defined as events not yet strictly explained by modern science, which are of great public interest. The school aimed to legitimize the study of AP and foster collaboration among enthusiasts. It was noted that "strictly speaking, there are no anomalous phenomena in nature; all natural phenomena are normal; only the attitude towards them can be anomalous (AO)."

The seminar categorized AP into four main groups:

1. Atmospheric AP: Including lights, unusual currents, discharges, lightning, whirlwinds, storms, bolides, auroras, and various forms of plasmoids (spherical, linear, serpentine, toroidal, cigar-shaped, lens-shaped, spiral, disc-shaped, hat-shaped). These can be flying, maneuvering, sounding, pulsating, radiating, exploding, magnetizing, evolving, or mechanically interacting.
2. Systemic AP: Encompassing the harmony of systems, key elements, fundamental models, inter-systemic similarities, unified fields, biofields, symmetry, rhythms, beats, resonances, decays, and self-oscillations. Examples include crystals, living systems, and intelligent systems, which can be material, plasma, field, ether-vacuum, information-based, or spatio-temporal.
3. Human AP: Rare and striking manifestations of human nature, spirit, soul, intellect, reason, memory, intuition, subconsciousness, and instincts. This includes abilities for fine differentiation of weak influences, recognition of blurred images, foresight, creative insight, and concentration of energy in critical situations, as well as visions (dreams, clairvoyance).
4. Contact AP: Including various forms of extrasensory contact, hypnosis, diagnostics, healing, and telepathic contact. It also covers contacts with "intelligent" animals, "snowmen," devices with artificial intelligence, and aerial figures. Furthermore, it addresses contacts with "higher" beings from more developed extraterrestrial civilizations and Supercivilizations, the origin of life and civilization on Earth, traces of ancient contact, and current "control" by "higher" beings.

The school emphasized the need for a "new planetary thinking" and "Perestroika" to prepare humanity for such contacts.

School Proceedings and Participants

The school was structured like a nationwide scientific conference, with plenary sessions and sectional meetings. Over 400 participants attended from various cities across the Soviet Union, including philosophers, historians, artists, composers, psychologists, engineers, biologists, mathematicians, physicists, astronomers, cyberneticists, geologists, journalists, psychics, meteorologists, and specialists from research institutes, universities, and industrial enterprises. Nearly 100 doctors and candidates of sciences were present.

Presentations covered a wide range of topics, including philosophical approaches, Earth's atmosphere and space, lithosphere and hydrosphere, biological systems, technical objects, observation methods, and concluding remarks. Sectional meetings focused on conceptual approaches, objectification of data, instrumentation, biological indication, applied aspects, and phenomenology.

Notable lectures included those by A. K. Sukhotin on the role of the irrational in scientific knowledge, V. A. Atsykovsky on the methodological crisis in theoretical physics, A. N. Dmitriev on technogenic contributions to stratospheric ozone depletion, N. N. Sochevanov on Earth as a giant resonator, and A. F. Okhatrin on microlepton concepts. N. V. Vasiliev presented on the Tunguska phenomenon.

The school successfully fostered collaboration among AP enthusiasts and highlighted the need for serious scientific and methodological approaches. The event was considered a success, partly due to the favorable social changes occurring at the time.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the fundamental role of electromagnetic fields and self-oscillations in biological evolution, the scientific investigation of anomalous phenomena, and the need for an expanded, interdisciplinary approach to understanding reality. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into phenomena that lie beyond conventional scientific paradigms, advocating for a more holistic and integrated understanding of the universe and humanity's place within it. There is a clear emphasis on the potential of EM interactions as a unifying principle in both natural and potentially anomalous events, and a call for a shift in human consciousness towards a more unified and planetary perspective.

This issue of "Nauka i Religiya" (Science and Religion) from 1990 focuses on the proceedings and implications of the All-Union Conference on Bioenergy-Information Exchange in Nature, held in 1989. The magazine highlights the growing societal interest in anomalous phenomena, previously often suppressed or dismissed.

The "School" and its Success

The issue opens with a quote from the organizers of a school that operated on the principle of allowing anything not forbidden by law, morality, or 'serious' science. The author notes that this school was a success and suggests that the world needs not only interdisciplinary schools for studying anomalous phenomena but also planetary research institutes dedicated to such topics, humorously listing "Institute of Man, Institute of Civilization, Institute of Eternal Mysteries..."

Report on the All-Union Conference on Bioenergy-Information Exchange in Nature

The main article, "To the Results of the All-Union Conference on Bioenergy-Information Exchange in Nature" by V. N. Volchenko, details the conference. It was a significant event, held in a large hall filled with over 1200 attendees, including serious specialists from various fields such as medicine, engineering, biology, ecology, philosophy, and physics. Hundreds held doctoral or candidate degrees, and academics from various academies were present.

The author notes that problems related to phenomenal phenomena have always existed but were either rejected or ignored by society. The formation of the Committee for the Problems of Bioenergy-Information Exchange in Nature in 1989, which gathered all phenomena under one roof, is seen as a sign of the times. Historically, individuals with phenomenal talents or interest in unexplained phenomena faced ostracism, persecution, and repression. The article contrasts this with the current efforts to study these phenomena.

Directions of the Committee's Work

The Committee's activities are divided into three main areas:

1. Extrasensory Perception and Non-Traditional Methods: This includes extrasensory perception, extramotorics, and non-traditional methods for correcting the body's state. The author defends these areas against criticism from some medical officials, arguing that they can support official medicine rather than replace it.
2. Biolocation and Instrumental Methods: This involves the study of physical fields using instruments. The article references a critical article from the newspaper "Pravda" about dowsing (using a divining rod to find water or minerals), noting that dowsing has been practiced for millennia and was only met with such strong opposition during the stagnant period.
3. Ufology and Poltergeist Phenomena: This is presented as the most interesting area for the general public due to its mysterious nature. The author urges journalists to approach UFO explanations calmly and avoid sensationalism or presenting hypotheses as facts, as they are not yet clearly confirmed.

The article mentions that poltergeist phenomena, long dismissed as misinformation, are systematically observed worldwide and have been for centuries. The author refers to the special journal "Rebus" from 1893, which contained detailed information about phenomena like "domovye" (house spirits) that cause knocking, noise, and move objects.

Explaining the Unexplained

The author acknowledges that not everything in nature can be explained yet. The Committee aims to protect phenomena from the judgment of the ignorant and to unite the efforts of specialists from different fields. The article also touches upon other unexplained phenomena like the Bermuda Triangle, the Tunguska meteorite, and the abilities of certain individuals. The Committee seeks to support the study of these phenomena and ideally, to secure funding for them, similar to practices in developed countries.

Funding and Association

Currently, the Committee lacks significant funds and premises. The author suggests that forming cooperatives might generate funds, but proposes a shift towards creating an Association to open a bank account for membership fees and sponsor donations.

Reasons for the Surge in Phenomenal Events

The article explores the reasons behind the recent increase in interest in phenomenal events. One theory suggests that people are drawn to "miracles" during periods of social tension. The author draws parallels to the early 20th century's fascination with spiritualism and astrology, noting that astrology, like astronomy, has a right to exist. The work of A. L. Chizhevsky on the influence of the cosmos on earthly affairs is mentioned, noting his persecution for publishing his materials.

The Role of Spirituality and Ecology

The author emphasizes that the current global situation is dire, particularly regarding ecology. The imperative for a rational person is to act in accordance with a "moral-ecological imperative." This triad of "morality - ecology - politics" is presented as crucial for societal survival, followed by science and technology. This approach, the author argues, will enable humanity to make and implement necessary decisions.

Unlocking Human Potential

Humanity needs to unlock its reserves of spirit, thought, and physical health. The social paradigm must shift from meeting ever-increasing material needs to ensuring the growth of spiritual needs and reducing material demands. The author advocates for altruism over egoism, urging people to reduce their material needs, including through voluntary fasting and abstinence.

Decline of Spiritual Culture and the Role of Religion

The author laments the decline of spiritual culture in the country, with traditional music, classical literature, and religious values being lost to several generations, especially children. However, dreams, imagination, and the pursuit of the mysterious are seen as important elements in the spiritual development of both children and adults, driving interest in phenomena and the desire for self-improvement.

Religions are credited with fostering a benevolent attitude towards phenomena by presenting saints. The author lists figures like Christ, Buddha, Krishna, Lao Tzu, Confucius, Muhammad, and Russian saints such as Sergius of Radonezh, the elders of Optina Pustyn, and Pavel Florensky as examples of "phenomena" in their own right.

Scientific Aspects and Conference Goals

The magazine then delves into the scientific aspects of ufology and other phenomena. It questions why the Committee covers such diverse phenomena as extrasensory perception, dowsing, UFOs, and poltergeists, suggesting they share a common origin, possibly a cosmic informational-energetic field. Various hypotheses, including microlepton and gluon chains, are mentioned but deemed insufficient to explain the connection between phenomena.

The conference's goals were to foster the free development of research into unexplained phenomena by both enthusiasts and official scientists. Its tasks included:

1. Analyzing accumulated facts to better group them by reliability and significance.
2. Creating a bridge between enthusiasts and official science, establishing bioenergy-information as a worldview concept.
3. Applying research results to societal benefit, including in the theory of world construction, biosphere development, dowsing for geologists, and non-traditional medicine.
4. Preparing for the international congress "BIOENERGY-INFORMATICS-91" in the USSR.
5. Developing methods for testing and certifying psychics for their rational use.
6. Organizing social and legal protection for individuals with phenomenal qualities or those experiencing unexplained phenomena.
7. Developing scenarios for weak socio-ecological impact as a cause of ecological genocide due to anthropogenic environmental pollution.
8. Advocating for the use of psychophysical bioenergy-information effects solely for peaceful purposes, warning against the dangers of psych-weapons.

Conclusion and Future Directions

The overarching goal is to aid the survival of civilization and the nation by developing the spiritual and physical potential of creative individuals, encouraging the liberation of hidden talents regardless of profession or education. The author warns against corporate and academic snobbery and the potential for sensationalism and unfounded theories to discredit the movement.

The article concludes by suggesting that creating a new science of energy-information exchange is unnecessary; rather, a unifying concept is needed to connect various scientific paths. The development of the bioenergy-information concept should facilitate a shift in scientific and social paradigms, moving from nature transformation to the comprehensive use of human psychophysical potential, and from confrontation to goodwill, tolerance, and creative freedom. The author advocates for a symbol of "More through quality, not quantity," emphasizing human qualities as the decisive reserve for civilization's survival.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the exploration and acceptance of anomalous phenomena, the integration of scientific and spiritual/philosophical approaches, and the need for a societal paradigm shift towards greater spiritual development and ecological awareness. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into unexplained phenomena, advocating for their study while cautioning against sensationalism and charlatanism, and emphasizing the importance of moral and ecological imperatives for societal survival and progress.