NIVFO-Bulletin - 1990 No 4-5

Magazine Overview

Title: NIVFO bulletin
Issue: No. 4-5/1990
Volume: 10. ÅRGANG
Date: April-May 1990
Publisher: NORSK INSTITUTT FOR VITENSKAPELIG FORSKNING OG OPPLYSNING (NIVFO)
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian
ISSN: 0800-0360
Price: 100,- (for subscription)

This issue of NIVFO bulletin, a Norwegian publication focused on scientific research and enlightenment, delves into several prominent topics within the realm of the unexplained and critical analysis. The cover prominently features the "GULF BREEZE: DEN BEST DOKUMENTERTE UFO-SAK I HISTORIEN?" (Gulf Breeze: The Best Documented UFO Case in History?), alongside the "MJ 12-DOKUMENTENE ET BEVIS PÅ UFO-SLØRING?" (MJ-12 Documents: Proof of UFO Cover-up?). It also poses the question "NEW AGE PÅ RETUR?" (New Age Returning?). The editorial section notes that this is the tenth year of publication and marks the end of 1990.

Articles and Content

Editorial (Kjære leser!)

The editorial section, titled "Dear Reader!", reflects on the passage of time and the arrival of the double issue 4-5/1990, marking the tenth year of NIVFO bulletin. The editors note that 1990 has been a relatively quiet year in terms of major 'headline' events, mentioning the report from the Directorate of Health's Acupuncture Committee and reviews of advertisements. A significant observation is the media's tendency towards unbalanced reporting, particularly concerning the 'irrational wave,' which has led to numerous reader complaints about biased coverage. This issue aims to shed light on this media bias.

The editorial also highlights two specific UFO cases that have received considerable attention in UFO literature: the MJ-12 documents and the Gulf Breeze case. These are considered particularly important by many believers as evidence for UFO reality and for alleged government cover-ups. The editors express satisfaction with the subscription numbers, noting a stable base with new subscribers replacing those who leave, and mention the establishment of the SKEPSIS association in Oslo, which will launch its own journal.

Focus on Media (FOKUS PÅ MEDIA)

This section, based on an article in THE SKEPTICAL INQUIRER's Summer 1990 issue by Roger Klare, examines how newspapers handle so-called psychic phenomena. The article notes that ghosts and other paranormal phenomena are often welcomed by daily newspapers, which frequently deviate from objective reporting norms by not presenting both sides of a story. This uncritical reporting is popular because it entertains readers by playing on the unusual and irrational aspects of alleged paranormal events. Even when events are later explained, the initial sensational reporting is often remembered.

Paranormal articles are also presented as news, blending unusual events with personal stories, which favors large headlines. The study by Roger Klare analyzed 222 newspaper stories from 1977 to 1988 from papers like the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Columbus Dispatch, New York Times, and Washington Post. The stories primarily concerned individual psychic experiences, parapsychologists, and self-proclaimed psychics.

Klare classified stories by type (news vs. attraction), reporting approach (credulous, neutral, skeptical), and source. The analysis found that 'attraction' stories were more common than 'news' stories and were often credulous. Skeptical reporting had a better chance in 'news' stories, which aim to present facts objectively. However, even in neutral stories, skeptical viewpoints often received minimal space compared to those of paranormal proponents.

• Key findings include:
• Story Topics: Poltergeists (27%), Ghosts (18%), and Psychokinesis (14%) were the most frequent topics.
• Story Image: Paranormal phenomena were more often portrayed as beneficial (72%) than dangerous (27%).
• Reporting Approach: Credulous approaches dominated (46%), followed by neutral (31%) and skeptical (17%).
• Newspaper Differences: The Cleveland Plain Dealer and Columbus Dispatch showed a higher percentage of credulous reporting compared to the New York Times.

The article discusses how the media's portrayal can strengthen belief in the paranormal. It suggests that while media may reflect existing beliefs, they also shape them. The 'social responsibility' theory of the press is invoked, emphasizing the need for responsible interpretation and presentation of information, including paranormal claims.

Effects of Uncritical Media Coverage (EFFEKTER AV UKRITISK MEDIADEKNING)

This section elaborates on the consequences of uncritical media coverage. It argues that by presenting paranormal claims as facts, newspapers lend them an air of legitimacy and inadvertently reward individuals who report such experiences by giving them public attention and status. This, in turn, adds weight to their claims, especially when counterarguments are absent. Uncritical reporting also reinforces existing beliefs in the paranormal, as personal experiences are often interpreted as evidence of ESP or other psychic phenomena.

The influence of media on paranormal belief is complex, with media acting as both a mirror and a shaper of public opinion. The article points out that many people lack the necessary knowledge to distinguish between science and pseudoscience, making them susceptible to media portrayals. Furthermore, media can be exploited by 'seers' and psychics for self-promotion, potentially posing risks to public health and finances.

The article questions whether newspapers have a responsibility to go beyond uncritical reporting. It suggests that investigative journalism and a focus on scientific evidence are crucial. While few stories are written by science reporters, their influence can encourage a shift towards more critical examination of paranormal claims. The article advocates for a more thorough approach, where the 'why' and 'how' behind skeptical viewpoints are explored, moving beyond the typical 'one-day affair' nature of many news stories.

It is noted that while skeptical voices are often marginalized, their presence can maintain reader interest. The inherent controversy in paranormal topics, with differing viewpoints from believers and skeptics, can also be a source of news and reader engagement.

Improving Press Coverage (FORBEDRING AV PRESSEDEKNINGEN)

Improving media coverage of the paranormal is a long-term process, given the established practice of uncritical reporting. The study found that CSICOP researchers appeared infrequently in the analyzed stories, and their comments were often limited. Skeptics, in general, were found to be significantly outnumbered and their arguments given less space.

However, the existence of CSICOP has made newspapers more aware of the skeptical perspective, leading some reporters to include critical comments. Many critical comments also originate from sources other than CSICOP. The article suggests that reporters can enhance skeptical coverage by emphasizing scientific evidence and investigative journalism. It highlights the importance of reporters explaining the scientific perspective on paranormal phenomena and investigating specific claims.

While most paranormal stories are written by general journalists rather than science reporters, the latter can influence reporting practices. The article suggests that by focusing on science, reporters can increase the visibility of the skeptical viewpoint. It also notes that emphasizing the controversial nature of paranormal topics can generate news and reader interest.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The NIVFO bulletin consistently promotes a critical and skeptical approach to paranormal claims and pseudoscience. The issue emphasizes the importance of scientific evidence, objective reporting, and investigative journalism. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of rational inquiry and against the uncritical acceptance of unsubstantiated phenomena, as evidenced by the analysis of media bias and the promotion of organizations like CSICOP.

The magazine serves as a forum for discussing controversial topics from a rationalist perspective, aiming to educate readers and encourage critical thinking about subjects often sensationalized by the mainstream media.

This issue of The Skeptical Inquirer, dated April/May 1990, focuses on media responsibility in reporting on paranormal and pseudoscientific topics, the alleged government cover-up of UFO information, and the use of performance-enhancing substances in sports.

Media and the Paranormal

The first section, by B. Premanand, critiques the Norwegian press's handling of paranormal claims, drawing parallels with Indian media practices. The author notes that prestigious newspapers often publish false stories and advertisements that promote blind faith and superstition, such as Robert Tilton's claims of miracle cures or Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's promotion of world peace through TM. The article highlights the lack of balance in reporting, where skeptical viewpoints are often marginalized, and sensationalism takes precedence. It points out that while laws exist to prevent misleading advertisements, they are often circumvented when financial gain is involved. The author cites examples from Indian newspapers like the 'Indian Express' and 'Blitz', which publish advertisements for dubious cures and talismans, sometimes involving supernatural elements. A specific case involving a "cursed" motorcycle in Hubli, India, is detailed, where three successive owners allegedly died from snakebites, leading to the motorcycle being sold at a steep discount. The author notes that a representative from Indian CSICOP investigated the snakebite claims and found no evidence to support them. The article also mentions an article in 'The Times of India' about ghosts in a Bombay hotel, written by the editor himself, whose newspaper is associated with India's former justice minister who believes in reincarnation. The author expresses disappointment that despite press councils and advertising laws, these issues persist, and calls for media outlets to either prove their sensational stories or admit they are false.

The Skeptical Inquirer's Role

The article "ER PRESSEFRIHET DET SAMME SOM FRIHET TIL A PUBLISERE FALSKHET?" (Is Freedom of the Press the Same as Freedom to Publish Falsehoods?) by B. Premanand, further elaborates on the media's role. It criticizes newspapers for publishing sensational stories that, upon investigation by organizations like Indian CSICOP, are found to be unsubstantiated. The "SSSNAKE" case is revisited, with the article quoting a report from the 'Indian Express' about a motorcycle allegedly cursed by a snake, leading to three deaths and the bike being sold cheaply. A skeptical investigation found no evidence of snakebite deaths related to the motorcycle. The piece also mentions the existence of three major skeptic organizations in India, with Indian CSICOP being the largest, publishing 'The Indian Skeptic'. Their primary goal is to expose the misuse of tricks, magic, and religion by so-called gurus. An example is given of 15,000 members of 'Skeptics of Tamilnadu' burning pictures of Puri Sankaracharya, who advocated the burning of widows. This incident was also reported in 'Rocky Mountain Skeptic'. The article references previous discussions in NIVFO-Bulletin about the Indian "godman" Sai Baba.

Media Ethics and Pseudoscience in Norway

An article titled "EN OPPGAVE FOR JOURNALISTHØYSKOLEN" (A Task for Journalism Schools) discusses the Swedish magazine 'Folkvett' and its points on media's treatment of pseudoscience. The author, Karl-Ivar Gabrielson, argues that responsible journalists are rare, and many are ignorant of prevailing pseudoscientific trends. He notes that the press is rife with advertisements for psychics, astrologers, and alternative medicine practitioners, often with direct addresses. Even reader letters are used for such promotion, as seen with Scientology's mass mailings. An example is given of a therapist named Åke Brolin, and a TV program where a participant claimed an earlobe treatment had a calming effect. The author criticizes editors for being unaware that they are spreading misinformation and magic through these platforms. He also points to reports on figure sculpting for weight loss, where plates are applied to specific body parts, and a large report on an astrologer who could supposedly provide blessings. The article questions whether journalism schools are addressing these issues and concludes that they have failed to educate critical journalists. It urges journalism schools to make their teachers aware of the misinformation spread by ignorant journalists, calling them a "disgrace to education and the journalism profession."

Norwegian Context

The article then turns to Norwegian media, stating that while Norway may have stricter laws against improper advertising than Sweden, the tendencies are similar. It notes that Norwegian newspapers and NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation) have, in principle, acted similarly to the American newspapers discussed. The author uses the analogy of a dog biting a man versus a man biting a dog to explain what constitutes news, suggesting that sensational paranormal stories naturally attract readers. Despite acknowledging that media outlets need to be engaging, the article asserts that Norwegian mass media also practices an "improper favoritism" similar to that found in the American media.

Ginseng and Sports Doping

This section presents a debate regarding the use of Ginseng by athletes. Dr. med. Carl Ditlef Jacobsen writes an opinion piece arguing that "Idrett og stimulerende midler hører ikke sammen!" (Sport and stimulating agents do not belong together!). He criticizes the marketing of Ginseng as a "natural dietary supplement" and questions its use by athletes, noting that it is promoted for improving performance and even male potency. He argues that even if scientific studies were to show performance enhancement, Ginseng should be banned. He calls for clear stances against such substances and for the promotion of good attitudes towards all forms of "doping," including nicotine.

Response to Jacobsen

Lawyer Erik Hirsch responds to Jacobsen's claims, stating that they are "untenable." Hirsch presents five points: 1) A Norwegian court ruled in August 1990 that claims about Anette Bøe's use of Ginseng in the Ski World Championships in Lahti had nothing to do with doping. 2) Ginseng is not on the IOC's list of banned doping substances, and medical experts do not expect it to be added. 3) In 1989, the Norwegian Directorate of Health classified Ginseng as a "foodstuff" (matvare), deeming it harmless. 4) Scientific analyses of pure Ginseng show it does not contain banned doping substances. 5) Hirsch emphasizes that doping discussions should be based on scientific facts, not on belief or superstition, as demonstrated by the court's ruling in the Anette Bøe case.

Commentary on the Debate

The magazine's commentary notes that Jacobsen's article was placed on the newspaper's "reader page," while Hirsch's response was given a more prominent position. The commentary also highlights that the Norwegian Directorate of Health classified Ginseng as a "foodstuff" and that the US Food and Drug Administration considers it a food, not a medicine. The article reiterates that all scientific analyses of pure Ginseng show it does not contain banned doping substances.

Sri Chinmoy's Feats

Another article discusses Sri Chinmoy, described as a spiritual master, author, composer, and athlete. The piece focuses on his weightlifting achievements, citing an article from the Swedish magazine 'Sökaren'. It details his progression in weightlifting, culminating in a claimed world record of lifting 3.2 tons with one arm in January 1987, after only 19 months of training. He received a certificate from the US amateur athletes organization and a champion prize from the British Amateur Weightlifters Association. The article expresses a hope that adequate documentation for these extraordinary feats will be available, noting that Sri Chinmoy uses spiritual methods, not Ginseng.

"MJ 12": Evidence of UFO Cover-up?

This extensive section investigates the alleged "MJ-12" documents, which claim the US government has been withholding information about UFOs. The story begins with TV producer Jaime Shandera receiving a package in December 1984 containing a "Top Secret" document and a letter from President Harry Truman to Secretary of Defense James Forrestal. These documents purportedly established a top-secret UFO research group called Majestic-12 (MJ-12) to investigate a UFO crash in New Mexico in 1947 and its alien occupants. The article details three key documents: 1) A memorandum from Truman dated September 24, 1947, to Forrestal, proposing the creation of Operation Majestic-12 under the leadership of Vannevar Bush. 2) A six-page "TOP SECRET EYES ONLY" MJ-12 document from November 18, 1952, where Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter briefs President Dwight D. Eisenhower on MJ-12. 3) A "TOP SECRET" memorandum dated July 14, 1954, from Robert Cutlar to General Nathan Twining, regarding an MJ-12 meeting. The first two documents were on the film Shandera received, while the third was found in the National Archives.

The Cutler-Twining Document

In 1985, William L. Moore and Jaime Shandera began searching for more MJ-12 documents. They spent considerable time in the National Archives, reviewing approximately 1800 documents. During this period, Shandera found what is referred to as the "Cutler-memo." The article notes that the National Archives received significant interest in this document, but initially could not locate it due to an unknown registration number. The document was declassified in 1985, as indicated by its number NND 857013. However, the person who received the document requested it be stamped on the front, which is unusual. William Moore's copy of the memo shows it was declassified on January 12, 1987, raising questions about why it was hidden for two years after its discovery. The article suggests the Cutler-memo might have been "planted" in the National Archives to be officially released in 1987. The memo is described as a carbon copy on thin paper. The document was found in an archive box containing other classified intelligence reports, but these concerned Soviet aircraft, not UFOs, leading to questions about why the Cutler-memo was stored with them. The National Archives was reportedly unsure of the document's authenticity, with the archivist suspecting it was a fake.

Exhibits and Further Documentation

Exhibit "A" shows Hillenkoetter MJ-12 documents and examples of authentic Military/CIA document formats from the 1950s. Exhibit "B" also presents Hillenkoetter MJ-12 documents alongside authentic Military/CIA documents, highlighting correct date formatting. Exhibit "C" displays letters from William L. Moore, which use a similar incorrect "mixed military-civil format" as the Hillenkoetter MJ-12 briefing paper. The issue includes images of General Hoyt Vandenberg, Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, and Dr. Vannevar Bush.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are media criticism, skepticism towards paranormal claims and pseudoscience, and the examination of alleged government cover-ups. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of critical thinking, evidence-based reporting, and the exposure of misinformation and fraudulent claims. The magazine champions the role of skeptical organizations in holding media accountable and promoting rational discourse. The debate on Ginseng highlights the magazine's commitment to distinguishing between scientifically supported facts and unsubstantiated claims, particularly in areas like sports and health.

This issue of UFO-Aktuelt, published in 1990, focuses on two major topics: the alleged forgery of the MJ-12 documents and a detailed examination of the Gulf Breeze UFO sightings. The magazine takes a critical and skeptical stance towards both phenomena, presenting evidence and expert opinions that challenge their authenticity.

The MJ-12 Documents: A Forgery?

The article "Forfalskede Dokumenter" (Forged Documents) meticulously dissects the claims surrounding the MJ-12 documents. It highlights numerous inconsistencies that point towards a fabrication. The document's security stamp is misplaced, and the TOP SECRET numbering and classification grades are mixed up. The paper itself lacks the characteristic watermark, and the typewriter used is inconsistent with the alleged origin. Furthermore, the article notes that the "TOP SECRET RESTRICTED INFORMATION" classification was not in use until the Nixon administration (1969-1974), predating the alleged document's creation. The absence of any mention of the MJ-12 or Majestic projects in official archives, including the Eisenhower presidential library, is also emphasized. A key piece of evidence presented is the analysis by document examiner David Crown, who found that a signature on a letter was identical to one from 1847, and that the typewriter used for the date was different from the one used for the text. Philip Klass, a UFO expert, is credited with uncovering many of these discrepancies, including the fact that the typewriter used for the date was a Smith-Corona, which did not exist until 1963.

The Gulf Breeze Case: A Photographic Hoax?

The cover story, "GULF BREEZE," details the highly publicized UFO sightings in Gulf Breeze, Florida, primarily attributed to a witness known as "Mr. Ed" (later identified as Ed Walters). The case gained significant attention due to numerous polaroid photographs purportedly showing UFOs. The article describes how the "Mr. Ed" character initially approached the Florida Sentinel newspaper with five polaroid images and a letter. The newspaper published three of these photos and the letter. MUFON, the world's largest UFO organization, became heavily involved, with representatives interviewing "Ed" and documenting his alleged sightings from November 1987 to January 1988.

The article describes "Ed's" alleged encounters, including being lifted by a blue light beam, hearing voices, and seeing strange creatures. It also details specific dates and times of alleged sightings, often accompanied by photographs. However, the magazine presents a strong counter-narrative, questioning the authenticity of these events and photographs.

Skeptical Analysis of Gulf Breeze

Philip Klass and other skeptics are featured prominently, casting doubt on the credibility of the Gulf Breeze case. Roger W. Wescott, a professor of linguistics, was hired by MUFON to analyze the documents and photos. While Wescott's background is in linguistics, he also has an interest in paranormal phenomena. He was paid $1000 for his analysis. Klass offered Wescott incentives to find evidence of forgery, but Wescott never provided the requested photocopies. Wescott's own statements suggest that "clear evidence of forgery" would require the perpetrator to admit to it and demonstrate the methods used.

Klass also points out inconsistencies in the photographic evidence, noting that some images appear to be of simple light spots or objects that could be hanging from a thread. The article mentions that "Ed" claimed to have taken photos of "naked women" and "negroes and Chinese" as part of a "review of pictures," which is presented as a bizarre and potentially fabricated detail.

Further skepticism is raised by the fact that "Ed" did not report the alleged sightings to the authorities at the time, nor did he contact the Colorado University investigation in 1966. The article also mentions that "small UFO models" were later found at "Ed's" home, and that he had previously been involved in creating fake UFO photographs.

UFOs as "Wind Power"?

An unusual aspect of the Gulf Breeze case discussed is the theory that the UFOs might be using "wind power" as a propulsion system. Several sightings describe red lights moving in the same direction as the wind, leading to speculation about this unconventional propulsion method. However, this is presented within the context of the overall skepticism surrounding the case.

Organizations and Debates

The issue highlights the differing opinions within the UFO community. While MUFON was enthusiastic, CUFOS (Center for UFO Studies) expressed a more critical view. This led to debates in UFO publications, with some long-time members leaving MUFON due to its stance on the Gulf Breeze affair. The article also mentions the publication of Ed Walters' book and his media appearances to promote it.

"Alternative Medicine: Quackery Law Ignored for Years"

In a separate section, the magazine addresses the issue of alternative medicine in Sweden. Professor Harry Boström presented findings from a study commissioned by the Swedish Medical Association. The study revealed that approximately 2,500 individuals in Sweden practice various forms of alternative medicine. More alarmingly, 123 patients had sought hospital treatment for complications arising from alternative medical treatments. Six deaths were attributed to delayed diagnoses or incorrect treatments. The article criticizes the lack of enforcement of the "quackery law" (kvaksalverloven), suggesting it has been effectively ignored for the past decade.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The overarching theme of this issue is skepticism towards extraordinary claims, particularly in the realm of UFO phenomena and alternative medicine. The magazine consistently presents evidence and expert opinions that debunk or cast serious doubt on the authenticity of reported events and documents. The editorial stance is clearly that of a critical investigator, aiming to separate fact from fiction and expose potential hoaxes and misinformation. The publication emphasizes the importance of rigorous analysis and official documentation, contrasting it with the often sensationalized and anecdotal nature of UFO reports and alternative health claims. The magazine appears to align with organizations like CSICOP, which are dedicated to promoting scientific skepticism.

This issue of FOLKVETT, numbered 3-4/89, features several articles exploring topics at the intersection of science, pseudoscience, and popular belief. The cover story, "MAGNETISK ASTROLOGI" (Magnetic Astrology), introduces a theory by British astronomer Percy Seymor. Other significant pieces include an examination of the Uri Geller phenomenon, an investigation into aura research, and an interview with a skeptic.

Magnetic Astrology

The article "MAGNETISK ASTROLOGI" presents Percy Seymor's theory that challenges traditional solar astrology. Seymor, an astrophysicist, proposes that while inherited traits shape personality, individuals may inherit the predisposition to be born at specific times. He suggests that the central nervous system acts as an antenna for magnetic signals from celestial bodies. When planets align in certain configurations, these signals can trigger the birthing process. Seymor's theory posits that planets do not determine personality but rather influence the timing of birth for people with specific characteristics. He cites Gauquelin's work, suggesting that prominent politicians tend to be born when Jupiter is rising or at its zenith, linking leadership qualities to specific neurological configurations sensitive to these magnetic signals. The article notes that Seymor's theory has been largely rejected by astronomers but is considered scientifically testable.

The Uri Geller Phenomenon

Another section focuses on the Israeli stage magician Uri Geller, who gained international fame and wealth through his alleged psychokinetic abilities, such as bending spoons. The article highlights the public and media's reaction to Geller as a significant aspect of his phenomenon. It references a booklet titled "MIRAKELMANDEN URI GELLER" ("Miracle Man Uri Geller") by Willy Wegner, which documents Geller's appearances in Denmark and the media's coverage. The phenomenon of 'Gelleritis' is described, where people reported similar psychokinetic events in their own homes after watching Geller on television. The article suggests that Geller's success was heavily influenced by the media's active participation and speculates that new 'miracle men' or women might emerge, supported by a largely uncritical press.

Aura Research

"OM AURA-FORSKNING" (On Aura Research) by Robert W. Loftin, a professor of philosophy, investigates claims of individuals who can see auras. Loftin discusses the concept of auras as fields of light surrounding people, believed to reflect personality and mood. He touches upon Kirlian photography, which some interpreted as evidence of auras, but Loftin points out that the effect is likely due to induced electrical energy rather than an inherent energy field of the object. Loftin then details a controlled experiment he conducted to test the ability to see auras. The experiment involved a 'psychic' in a completely dark room attempting to identify the number of subjects present. Despite efforts to create a rigorous protocol, including eliminating potential sources of error like light leaks and ensuring the subject's honesty, the results did not significantly exceed chance. Loftin concludes that while the tested individual may have honestly believed she could see auras, the experiment did not provide evidence for this ability, suggesting that such claims might be related to visual perception differences rather than paranormal phenomena.

Interview with a Skeptic

An interview with Robert Lee, president of the Sacramento Skeptics Society, titled "INTERVJU MED EN SKEPTIKER" (Interview with a Skeptic), presents a critical perspective on paranormal claims. Lee expresses skepticism towards phenomena like UFOs, psychic surgery, and crystal healing, referring to them as "spirende ny mytologi" (budding new mythology). The Sacramento Skeptics Society offers a $10,000 reward to anyone who can scientifically document paranormal claims. Lee notes that despite many attempts, no one has succeeded in claiming the reward, often attributing failures to 'negative vibrations' from the claimants. He emphasizes the society's focus on scientific investigation and debunking pseudoscience. Lee also expresses a desire for people to rely on reason rather than on unsubstantiated beliefs, particularly concerning health and well-being.

Other Sections

The "LESERNES SIDER" (Readers' Pages) section includes a letter from Per Knag discussing the potential dangers of meditation and kundalini energy, referencing a study by Dr. Bo G. Johnson. Another item in this section, "TEST AV PARANORMALE EVNER.... NY HENVENDELSE FRA AFTENPOSTEN" (Test of Paranormal Abilities.... New Inquiry from Aftenposten), reports on Aftenposten's attempts to arrange a test of paranormal abilities, which were unsuccessful due to individuals withdrawing their participation.

The "GULF BREEZE" section briefly mentions an incident involving six soldiers from West Germany who disappeared and were later found in Florida, reportedly belonging to a sect called 'The End of The World'. The soldiers were specialists in electronics and eavesdropping.

A small note mentions Carlos Santana claiming to receive messages from God via fax, with speculation about a brain condition.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical examination of paranormal claims, the scientific investigation of phenomena often relegated to pseudoscience, and the role of media in shaping public perception. The magazine appears to adopt a stance that favors empirical evidence and scientific methodology, while acknowledging the widespread interest in and belief in the paranormal. There is a clear emphasis on distinguishing between genuine scientific inquiry and unsubstantiated claims, particularly in the articles on magnetic astrology, Uri Geller, and aura research. The interview with the skeptic further reinforces this critical and evidence-based approach. The editorial stance encourages readers to approach extraordinary claims with a discerning and skeptical mindset, prioritizing verifiable facts over belief.

This issue of the NIVFO Bulletin, dated April 1990 (Issue 4/90, Volume 9), titled "NEW AGE PÅ RETUR?" (New Age on the Return?), explores the perceived decline of the New Age movement and its related phenomena. It also delves into the activities of Scientology, UFO sightings, and other paranormal topics.

The Decline of New Age?

The issue opens with observations from bookstore owners Davis Dutton and Peggy Taylor, who suggest that the term "New Age" is becoming obsolete, though the underlying interests might persist. Jeremy Tarcher, a pioneer in New Age publishing, is quoted from a Publishers Weekly essay concluding that the exploration of New Age topics has reached a saturation point, making it difficult to find new angles.

The article defines New Age as a movement rooted in the 1960s search for alternatives, focusing on personal transformation rather than societal change. It notes the blend of hope, faith, spirituality, and "hustle" within the movement, leading to the establishment of numerous companies catering to personal growth and "transformation." The movement is described as emerging from dissatisfaction with the status quo, seeking unconventional dogmas and turning to ancient belief systems.

Davis Dutton expresses cynicism about some publishers, viewing their output as recycled old ideas for profit. Philip Sansone of Book People sees "New Age" as a marketing category to reach a specific societal group, primarily college-educated baby boomers, but also conventional individuals drawn to metaphysical themes popularized by figures like Shirley MacLaine.

The article criticizes the movement for fostering a "herd instinct" and bringing "atavism, barbarism, superstition, and general stupidity" into the open. It suggests that the decline of New Age might be linked to the failure of the education system to instill critical thinking skills, allowing for the uncritical acceptance of information.

New Age Components

The issue identifies several key components of the New Age movement:

1. Holistic Health: This encompasses a wide range of practices including homeopathy, acupuncture, naturopathy, chiropractic, aromatherapy, and psychic healing, marketed through health food stores and traditional bookstores.
2. Mythology: This includes a focus on goddesses and indigenous American religions, often as a reflection of feminist spirituality and ecological consciousness.
3. Twelve-Step Recovery Programs: These programs, originally for addiction, have been expanded to encompass various "dependencies" like sex, gambling, alcohol, shopping, and even cleanliness, leading to a proliferation of related books and workshops.
4. Visualization: This technique, popular in holistic health and business, involves mentally picturing desired outcomes, such as white blood cells fighting cancer cells or envisioning oneself as a "visionary."

The article notes the commercialization of these trends, with best-selling titles focusing on healing and self-improvement. It also highlights the use of "creative" and "power" as buzzwords, drawing a parallel to primitive beliefs about gaining strength by consuming animal organs.

UFO Sightings and Paranormal Events

The bulletin features several reports on alleged UFO sightings and paranormal phenomena:

• Tracks in the Mud: Photographs from Namdal Arbeiderblad (June 25, 1973) show unusual tracks on a beach in Sundsøya, Norway. The article analyzes their shape and the way the clay appears to have been "shoveled" or "pushed" aside, suggesting they might not be simple footprints.
• Unknown Submarine: A report from March 1975 details the observation of an unknown submarine in Namsenfjorden, Norway. The submarine's tower structure was described as unique and not of Norwegian origin. The article speculates that if foreign submarines can operate in the area, other types of foreign craft, including landing craft, might also be present.
• Crop Circles: The issue discusses the phenomenon of crop circles, mentioning an investigation by researcher Colin Andrews in Wiltshire, England, involving 60 researchers. However, they were reportedly fooled by pranksters creating the circles. The article notes that crop circles have appeared for centuries, with an increase in recent times, and that Andrews is looking for an "unidentified airborne component."
• UFO Crash in Haifa: A detailed account from Quest International describes a UFO crash on a beach near Haifa, Israel, on April 21, 1989. A young couple witnessed a 20-meter long, 6-meter wide elliptical object crash, emitting meter-high flames. The object's hull had holes from which flames licked. The incident caused the surrounding water to boil without increasing in temperature. This was reportedly the third UFO crash in the area.

Scientology's Controversial Activities

The bulletin dedicates significant attention to Scientology, particularly its operations in Norway and Denmark.

• Recruitment through Job Applications: A case is presented where a woman seeking employment at Edv. Lillelund A/S in Lyngby was asked to fill out a personality test. She later discovered it was a Scientology test and was subsequently contacted by Copenhagen City Center (CCC), a Scientology center, offering a course to resolve her alleged communication problems and find a partner, for a fee of 1,450 kroner.
• Gorm Lillelund's Defense: Gorm Lillelund, director of Edv. Lillelund A/S and a Scientologist, defends the use of the test, calling it the "best test there is" and denying any ulterior motives, stating it's not hidden and many people use it.
• Scientology's "Crusade" for Religious Freedom: The issue highlights Scientology's efforts to promote its agenda under the guise of religious freedom. Knut Jørgen Plesner, information secretary for the Church of Scientology in Oslo, is quoted in Morgenbladet regarding a "European Scientologists' Crusade for Religious Freedom." This crusade reportedly submitted a declaration to the Council of Europe and the European Commission of Human Rights, demanding protection for religious freedom and an end to state support for anti-religious movements.
• Attacks on Anti-Cult Organizations: Plesner also attacked Norwegian organizations like "SOS Norge" and its Swedish counterpart "Föreningen Rädda Individen (FRI)," which aim to help individuals harmed by sects. The article suggests that operating under the banner of religion is profitable and that people should be informed about the "worst excesses" of such activities.
• Scientology in Denmark: The bulletin reports on Scientology's "offensive" in Denmark, with theologian Johs. Aagaard stating that the movement has deep roots there. He helps several people each month who have suffered psychological damage from contact with the organization. Articles in Ekstra-Bladet are cited, focusing on a new treatment hospital in Gram, Sønderjylland, opened in the name of the Christian Johanitter Order. The driving force behind this project is Dr. Kurt Christensen, who is also the largest single shareholder in the project. Christensen is promoting a controversial EDTA treatment for arteriosclerosis, which is disputed by heart association doctors. He is also described as the head of the Danish branch of Scientology.
• EDTA Treatment: The EDTA cure is reportedly prioritized, costing 25,000 kroner per patient. The article questions whether this is the reason for the nation's industry losing power, referencing a statement by Robert Hall of Humanics, a New Age publisher, that their books are used by major corporations.
• "Lincoln's Doctor's Dog": A humorous anecdote from 50 years ago about best-selling topics (Abraham Lincoln, doctors, dogs) is contrasted with a hypothetical modern bestseller title: "Creative Thought-Image-Power-Sex with a Goddess Under Recovery from an Addiction to Visionary Healing."

Other Articles

• "Det spøker" (It's Haunted): This section recounts a ghost story about a former priest's wife who supposedly played the piano at night in an old rectory. The narrator, frøken S, calmly dealt with the apparition by escorting it out of the house.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the perceived decline and transformation of the New Age movement, the controversial and often aggressive tactics of Scientology, and the reporting of unexplained phenomena like UFOs and crop circles. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical skepticism towards New Age claims and Scientology's practices, while still reporting on the phenomena themselves. The bulletin positions itself as an investigative source, aiming to expose what it considers harmful or deceptive activities, particularly those of sects like Scientology. There is a clear emphasis on providing information and raising awareness about these subjects, often drawing from other publications and expert opinions.

This issue of NIB, dated 4/1990, is a Norwegian publication from NIVFO, focusing on a variety of topics including alleged UFO incidents, skepticism in media, the regulation of alternative therapies, and the scientific validity of certain self-help products.

Center for Inquiry: Bringing Skepticism to Radio and TV

The magazine reports on the formation of the Center for Inquiry in the USA, an organization dedicated to promoting skepticism, critical thinking, and scientific viewpoints in the media. Led by Tom Flynn, a professor of visual communication, the Center aims to expand beyond its publication, 'The Skeptical Inquirer,' by utilizing radio programs, video productions, and other electronic media projects. A significant radio program is planned for public service, focusing on critical thinking, with Steve Allen as the host. Another program, 'The Voice of Inquiry,' will cover topics of interest to skeptics and critical thinkers, featuring interviews with experts like Tom MacDonough on SETI, Joe Nickell on spontaneous human combustion, Ray Hyman on skepticism, and Susan Blackmore on ESP and out-of-body experiences. The Center for Inquiry's address is provided: THE CENTER FOR INQUIRY, Box 229, Buffalo, NY, 14215.

Friundervisningen i Trondheim

An article discusses 'Friundervisningen' (Free Education) in Trondheim, which in 1988 advertised courses in astrology, promoting it as a science. Following a complaint from NIVFO to the Consumer Ombudsman, the organization was informed that this advertising was illegal. Consequently, no astrology courses were offered the following year due to low demand. The current course catalog advertises a 12-week introductory course in Anthroposophy for 500 NOK, describing it as an impulse for art, science, and religion, referencing Steiner schools, anthroposophical medicine, and biodynamic agriculture. Courses in Yoga and Qi Gong are also mentioned, with Qi Gong described as part of ancient Chinese medicine based on Yi and Yang principles. The article questions whether this advertising falls under the Marketing Act.

Acupuncture Regulation Report

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the report from a project group tasked with evaluating needle acupuncture (NAP) and related matters. NIVFO has received this 74-page report. The report's table of contents includes sections on introduction, summary, problem statements, conditions in Sweden and Denmark, definitions, risk factors, regulation of NAP, regulation of other examination and treatment methods, and literature review. The article notes that the report largely reiterates previous discussions on the topic. The background for the project group's appointment was the health authorities' perception of needle acupuncture as an operative intervention within the scope of the 'quackery law,' a view that had been questioned by the Justice Department's legal division. The group's mandate was to clarify whether AP is considered an operative intervention from a medical standpoint and to propose potential regulations, considering other related aspects. It also aimed to assess if other examination and treatment methods require special regulations.

The report's key proposals include:
1. Amending the 'quackery law' (§ 3, first paragraph) to allow physiotherapists to practice NAP under specific conditions.
2. Defining 'operative intervention' within the proposed law and providing a detailed description.
3. Establishing a hygiene regulation based on the Municipal Health Services Act (§ 4a 1) covering all forms of insertion into or through skin and mucous membranes.
4. Issuing a regulation for the amended 'quackery law' (§ 3) detailing the conditions for physiotherapists to practice NAP.
5. Considering whether specific requirements should be set for doctors and dentists practicing NAP, referencing the Physicians Act (§ 25) and Dentists Act (§ 24).

The article highlights that the report considers wart removal that penetrates skin as an operative intervention, but not cosmetic procedures like tattooing or ear piercing. It also notes that the proposed changes to the 'quackery law' would allow for the practice of NAP by approved physiotherapists, with a doctor's order and according to regulations set by the King. The report also addresses the potential for laser and electrical stimulation therapies, warning that symptomatic relief from TNS (transcutaneous nerve stimulation) might mask underlying issues if the correct diagnosis is not made.

The report estimates that there are approximately 200 NAP practitioners in Norway who are not doctors, dentists, or physiotherapists, many of whom have learned ear acupuncture from homeopaths. The project group believes that legal regulations should not accommodate individuals who have acquired training in ways that conflict with current Norwegian law.

Do Animals Learn to Speak a Language?

This article explores the question of whether apes can learn a language. It begins by defining language as a human communication system involving signals, complex combinations of words, and grammatical rules. The author contrasts this with animal communication, where signals are typically sounds or movements associated with a single message, and are often innate or have limited learned variations. The article references an article by Sue Savage-Rambaugh et al. that lists two- and three-symbol sequences used by apes. In two-symbol sequences, one symbol represents an event and the other a participant, with order not being fixed. Three-symbol sequences involve two event symbols and two participant symbols, with the actor symbol tending to appear first. The author concludes that based on this data, there is no evidence of rules governing symbol order, and therefore, apes do not possess language or the ability to learn it, unless solid evidence to the contrary emerges. The source cited is 'The Rational Enquirer 4/90' from British Columbia Skeptics. The author is identified as Richard DeArmond, Professor of Linguistics at SFU.

"Subliminal-Band" (Continued)

This section continues a discussion on 'subliminal tapes,' asserting that there is no scientific evidence to support claims that these tapes, marketed for issues ranging from smoking cessation to dental problems, are effective. Dr. Timothy Moore, a psychologist from Toronto, is quoted stating that there is "not a shred of scientific evidence" for any therapeutic influence from subliminal messages. He criticizes his scientific colleagues for not informing the public about what is known regarding these tapes. The subliminal tape industry is described as a 50-million-dollar business in North America, with claims of curing weight problems, smoking, depression, impotence, and even enhancing physical attributes like breast size. These tapes are said to work through a combination of self-hypnosis and 'hidden' messages embedded in music, targeting the listener's subconscious.

Dr. Moore has compared the claims with scientific studies and listened to over 20 subliminal tapes. A study from the University of Waterloo, using a spectrograph, reportedly found only audible words and music, not any subliminal content. Researchers in California also found no evidence of effectiveness in their studies. Moore explains that these tapes are based on "questionable assumptions about the auditory system and subconscious perception," and there is no basis for assuming a separate perceptual mechanism for "invisible" speech signals. He expresses concern that users with health problems might forgo proper medical treatment by relying on these tapes. He likens the belief in subliminal tapes to wearing copper bracelets for rheumatism – the perceived improvement is attributed to belief and expectation, not actual effect. The marketing materials often prime the listener by detailing the supposed messages on the tape. Moore suggests that the sale of subliminal tapes is driven by aggressive marketing and public enthusiasm for the idea of subliminal control. He also places some responsibility on scientists for not speaking out more forcefully, noting that their tendency towards tentative statements can create a misleading impression of facts.

Three UFO Crashes in Two Years!

The magazine reports on two alleged UFO crash incidents. The first incident involved a UFO observed by Eilat and Ridderman, with remnants found near Haifa, Israel. The analysis of approximately 200 kg of debris indicated it consisted of magnesium and magnesium oxide. A label found on the object, written in Hebrew, suggested it was a 'flare' shot from a parachute by the military, possibly during an exercise, and last controlled on December 31, 1981. NIVFO was given this label. Dr. Dan Kerem of the Israeli hyperbaric institute confirmed the analysis and mentioned that the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) often conducted exercises in the uninhabited area. He also referred to a ufologist, Hadessa Arbel, who believed UFOs were modern versions of Elijah's 'fiery chariots.' The debris was reportedly transferred from the Geological Institute in Jerusalem via a Dr. Henry Fonner.

The second incident is mentioned in relation to the location, approximately three kilometers south of Haifa, near the Mediterranean coast. Dr. Kerem is quoted as attributing both previous observations to military activity. The article includes a photograph of Dr. Dan Kerem on the beach outside Haifa, pointing to the location where the 'fiery chariot' supposedly crashed and burned, with the hyperbaric institute visible in the background. The source for this report is 'Skeptical Inquirer nr. 4/90'.

In the next issue, a 'near-miss' UFO incident in Vanylven will be discussed, suggesting that considerable reckless flying is occurring.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of NIB demonstrates a clear editorial stance favoring scientific inquiry and skepticism, particularly concerning claims of paranormal phenomena and unproven therapies. The magazine actively debunks claims related to subliminal tapes and questions the scientific basis of practices like astrology. It also highlights efforts to bring critical thinking to the public through organizations like the Center for Inquiry. The reporting on UFO incidents, while presenting the details, leans towards rational explanations such as military activity or misidentification, as seen in the Haifa case. The detailed coverage of the acupuncture regulation report indicates a concern for public safety and the establishment of clear legal frameworks for medical practices, distinguishing between established medicine and alternative therapies. The magazine appears to advocate for evidence-based approaches and transparency in public information regarding health and science.