NIVFO-Bulletin - 1990 No 2

Magazine Overview

Title: NIVFO bulletin
Issue: 2-90
Volume: 10
Date: 1990
Publisher: NORSK INSTITUTT FOR VITENSKAPELIG FORSKNING OG OPPLYSNING (NIVFO)
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian
ISSN: 0800-0360
Cover Headline: det ukjente (the unknown)

This issue of NIVFO bulletin, published by the Norwegian Institute for Scientific Research and Enlightenment, focuses on critically examining various phenomena often associated with pseudoscience and the paranormal. The magazine adopts a skeptical stance, aiming to provide a rational and evidence-based perspective.

Homeopati-debatt (Homeopathy Debate)

The issue features an extensive debate on homeopathy, initiated by a 60th-anniversary celebration of the Norwegian Homeopaths' Association (NHL). NIVFO published an orientation on homeopathy based on current scientific understanding, which was met with criticism from homeopaths who deemed the facts 'unscientific and direct.' The debate highlights the core tenets of homeopathy, including extreme dilutions (e.g., C 30 representing a 1 in 10^60 dilution) and the concept of 'energy' or 'mystical forces' generated by shaking. The article references Avogadro's law to illustrate the impossibility of even a single molecule of the active substance remaining in highly diluted remedies. It notes that after 200 years of practice, there is no robust documentation for homeopathy's effectiveness. The article also mentions a critical commentary from a medical doctor, Carl Ditlef Jacobsen, regarding a homeopath's claims about the immune system, suggesting it might qualify for a Nobel Prize. NIVFO has forwarded its concerns about misleading marketing of homeopathic products to the Norwegian Directorate of Health and Consumer Affairs.

The article further explores the 'skeptical' argument for alternative medicine, citing Petr Skrabanek's 'Demarcation of the absurd,' which warns against excessive open-mindedness that can lead to a loss of reason. It draws a parallel with Francis Crick's views on religious belief, suggesting that such beliefs are often considered 'nonsense' by those with scientific training. The historical development of homeopathy is traced back to Samuel Hahnemann in the late 18th century, who developed the principle of 'similia similibus' (like cures like) and used extreme dilutions and vigorous shaking ('potentiation') to create remedies. While Hahnemann's methods were arguably less harsh than contemporary medical practices, the article questions their efficacy. It details the process of 'proving' where substances are tested on healthy individuals to record symptoms. The article also discusses controlled studies on homeopathy, noting that many have been criticized for inadequate controls, and that even those showing slight improvements have faced criticism for methodological flaws. It highlights that the 'active' substance in homeopathic remedies is often just lactose (tablets) or alcohol/water (mixtures), with no verifiable documentation of effect after 200 years.

Djevelens Fotspor? (The Devil's Footprints?)

This section investigates strange footprints found near Namsenfjorden, Norway, which were initially reported as possibly UFO-related. NIVFO attempted to gather information from the Norwegian Armed Forces High Command, Ørlandet Air Station, and the Namdal Police Department, but received no response, attributing it possibly to the age of the incident (18 years old). The article notes that most reports mentioned 28 or approximately 30 triangular footprints, but the discoverer, Ola Kr. Dahl, reported seeing only three (3) with a triangular shape, one large and two smaller, with irregular shapes. The article questions the 'UFO' explanation, suggesting the footprints might have been deliberately made to create a sensation. It also considers the possibility of them being made by something coming from the sea, but notes the shallow waters at high tide make this unlikely. The investigation concludes that the footprints are unlikely to be from a UFO and may be a hoax.

Zombien - En Levende Robot (The Zombie - A Living Robot)

This article delves into the practices of voodoo religion, particularly in Haiti. It describes how voodoo priests can allegedly kill people with magical powders and then reanimate them after burial, programming them as 'zombies' – living robots controlled by their owners. The article recounts the case of Clairvius Narcisse, a Haitian man who was officially declared dead in 1962 but later reappeared, claiming to have been a zombie. The article explains that zombies are vulnerable to salt, which can kill them. It also touches upon the voodoo deity 'Baron Samedi,' lord of death and guardian of cemeteries, and draws a parallel between his description and that of Francois Duvalier, the former dictator of Haiti, suggesting that many Haitians believed Duvalier to be the personification of Baron Samedi.

Other Articles and Sections

• Humanister med feilsyn? (Humanists with faulty vision?): This article likely discusses a critique of humanism from a skeptical perspective.
• Vitenskap og verdensbilder (Science and Worldviews): This section probably explores the relationship between scientific understanding and broader philosophical or personal worldviews.
• "Telepati finnes" ("Telepathy Exists"): This title suggests an article that either examines claims of telepathy or debunks them.
• Sjarlataner (Charlatans): This article likely exposes individuals or practices that are fraudulent or pseudoscientific.
• "Oppgjør med New Age" ("Confrontation with New Age"): This indicates a critical examination of New Age beliefs and practices.
• Notiser (Notices): A section for short news items or updates.
• Cecilia Olsson analyserer deg (Cecilia Olsson analyzes you): This might be an article about a person or method claiming to analyze individuals.
• Forbindelse mellom ESP og jordens elektromagnetiske aktivitet? (Connection between ESP and Earth's electromagnetic activity?): This article explores potential links between extrasensory perception and geophysical phenomena.
• Dialog med universet (Dialogue with the Universe): This title suggests an exploration of communication with the cosmos, possibly from a skeptical viewpoint.
• Radongass (Radon Gas): This article likely discusses radon gas, possibly in relation to health or environmental concerns.
• Europeisk skeptikerkonferanse (European Skeptics Conference): This section reports on a conference related to skepticism.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of NIVFO bulletin are skepticism towards pseudoscientific claims, critical analysis of alternative medicine (particularly homeopathy), and the investigation of unexplained phenomena like the Namsenfjorden footprints. The editorial stance is clearly that of promoting scientific literacy and debunking what the magazine considers to be 'offbeat literature and pseudoscience.' The publication aims to be a corrective force against what it perceives as an 'occult explosion,' encouraging readers to question extraordinary claims and rely on evidence-based reasoning. The inclusion of reader contributions and commentary suggests an engagement with its audience on these critical issues.

This issue of "Søkelys på det mystiske og uforklarlige" (Searchlight on the Mysterious and Unexplainable), published by Hilt & Hansteen in 1990, is a Norwegian magazine that critically examines phenomena often associated with the paranormal, pseudoscience, and alternative beliefs. The magazine features articles that delve into the historical, cultural, and psychological aspects of these topics, often with a skeptical viewpoint.

The Zombie Phenomenon in Haiti

The issue begins with a detailed account of the zombie phenomenon in Haiti. It describes the elaborate rituals and the use of potent toxins, such as tetrodotoxin from pufferfish, to induce a state of suspended animation, effectively creating 'living robots.' The article links this practice to Haiti's history of slavery and the oppressive rule of figures like François Duvalier, who allegedly promoted voodoo as a state religion. The post-dictatorship era saw a violent backlash against voodoo priests, fueled by Christian missionaries aiming to eradicate the traditional religion. Scientific interest in the 'zombie powder' is noted, with Harvard University sending ethnobiologist Dr. Edmon Wade Davis to Haiti to investigate its composition, which reportedly included hallucinogenic plants, human bones, and snake skin.

Parapsychology and Scientific Scrutiny

The magazine features discussions on parapsychology, including the concept of ESP (Extra-Sensory Perception). It references research and debates surrounding these claims, often highlighting skeptical perspectives. A story from the American magazine 'Brain/Mind Bulletin' recounts research by Charles Wallach, who claimed to have found evidence of telepathy, particularly between mothers and infants, within a two-month period. However, the article implies a degree of skepticism by contrasting this rapid discovery with decades of inconclusive research by others.

Critique of New Age and Pseudoscience

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to critiquing the New Age movement and various forms of pseudoscience. The book 'Vitenskap og Verdensbilder' (Science and Worldviews) by Erik Dammann is discussed, with several contributors offering their perspectives. While Dammann's work explores a potential spiritual dimension beyond time and space, the reviewers largely question its scientific basis, with some arguing that it revives old traditions without offering adequate solutions. The magazine also addresses the dangers of astrology, occultism, and unproven medical treatments, warning readers about the potential for exploitation and harm.

Charlatans and Their Dangers

Under the heading "Sjarlataner" (Charlatans), the magazine provides an in-depth look at the various types of individuals who prey on people's vulnerabilities. This includes fake doctors, fraudulent healers, astrologers, and those selling miracle cures. The article emphasizes the financial and physical dangers posed by these individuals, citing examples of medical malpractice and the promotion of ineffective or harmful treatments, particularly in the context of the AIDS epidemic. The piece highlights how charlatans exploit people's desire for improvement, hope, or relief from suffering.

Specific Articles and Reviews

Several specific articles and book reviews are included:

• "Søkelys på det mystiske og uforklarlige" by Tore Fredriksen: This book, reviewed in the magazine, is presented as a comprehensive look at the mysterious and unexplainable, drawing on Fredriksen's background as a magician and illusionist. It covers topics like superstition, magic, Eastern mysticism, psychology, and the paranormal.
• "Oppgjør med New Age" (Confrontation with New Age): This section reports on a call made at a meeting in Geilo for Christian organizations to challenge the New Age movement and neo-religiosity, urging them to present a more robust narrative of God's actions.
• "Håp for Fiskerinæringen i Nord!" (Hope for the Fishing Industry in the North!): A brief note about a paranormal claim made on Radio P2, where a person allegedly influenced the Gulf Stream to benefit the fishing industry.
• "Legeadvarsel mot meditasjon" (Doctor's Warning Against Meditation): This article discusses the potential dangers of meditation techniques, citing warnings from Swedish doctors about the risk of developing 'meditation psychoses' and the importance of stopping if unusual physical sensations occur.
• "Vakter var scientologer" (Guards were Scientologists): A report from Finland about the dismissal of three Scientologists who served as bodyguards for the Finnish president, due to security concerns and investigations into illegal money transfers.
• "12 ofret av Satandyrkere" (12 Sacrificed by Satan Worshippers): A news report about the discovery of a mass grave in Mexico containing 12 bodies, believed to be victims of a Satanic drug-smuggling group.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are skepticism towards paranormal claims, critical examination of alternative beliefs and movements like New Age, and a strong warning against charlatans and pseudoscience. The magazine's editorial stance is clearly one of promoting critical thinking and scientific rationality, encouraging readers to be discerning and wary of unsubstantiated claims. It aims to educate the public about the potential dangers of embracing unverified phenomena and treatments without critical evaluation.

Title: Norsk Skeptiker
Issue: 2/1990
Volume: 12
Date: April 1990
Publisher: Norsk Skeptiker
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian
ISSN: 0800-1778
Price: 20,-

Cover Story: Cecilia Olsson - The 'Witch' of Trondheim

The cover story, "Trøndere i kø hos heks" (Trønders in line for a witch), details the activities of Cecilia Olsson, a 56-year-old parapsychologist from Luleå, Sweden, who operated from a hotel room in Trondheim. She offered services such as exploring past lives and dealing with hauntings, charging 600 kroner per hour. The article notes that people were queuing for her services. The report highlights that Olsson's advertisements in local newspapers were vague about the effects of her 'treatments'. The investigation began after a local radio station, NIVFO, sought comments on Olsson's business. Olsson claimed to be a parapsychologist, stating she could 'see' people's inner states and that her hourly rate only covered her expenses, implying significant income. She mentioned that her clients were primarily women aged 35-50 and that she aimed for four consultations a day. The article also mentions that Olsson was threatened with a police report. Professor Gunnar Gøtestam, a psychologist and psychiatrist, commented that Olsson's practices sounded like quackery and that her use of the title 'parapsychologist' gave a false sense of legitimacy, potentially misleading people who lacked the expertise to evaluate her claims. He expressed concern that her services might prevent people from seeking professional help, thus prolonging their problems. The article also touches upon the origin of her presence in Norway, suggesting she was invited by a prominent individual in Trondheim.

Article: "Parapsykolog? Eller Hokus Pokus?" (Parapsychologist? Or Hocus Pocus?)

This section delves deeper into the claims and practices of Cecilia Olsson. Arbeider-Avisa first reported on her on April 6th, quoting Olsson herself. She described her method as 'sinking' into the client's inner self to recreate 'wholeness' through 'inner, parapsychological journeys'. When challenged by NIVFO, Olsson asserted her status as a parapsychologist, stating that no one could disprove it and that she was a better psychologist than most. She claimed to 'see' people's conditions without them needing to explain. Regarding her work with hauntings, she mentioned she had not intended to 'cleanse' houses in Trondheim. Her claim that the 600 kroner fee only covered expenses was questioned, suggesting it was a lucrative business. The article also notes that Olsson stated she would return in August, implying a potential repeat of her services.

Article: "Klok Kone Eller Bedrager?" (Wise Woman or Fraud?)

Adresseavisen reported on Olsson on April 6th, featuring a color photo and quotes from NIVFO. NIVFO's stance was that a parapsychologist is a researcher, that this type of activity is known internationally, that it could contravene laws against quackery, and that the title 'parapsykolog' should be evaluated under marketing laws. They suggested involving the police, as the activity could cause harm. The article also quotes Professor Gunnar Gøtestam, who described the situation as "kvakksalveri" (quackery). He noted that Olsson's claims of being a psychologist, a title requiring authorization, were misleading. He suggested that people who felt 'terrified' by what Olsson told them about their past lives might be manipulated, and that such individuals might return seeking further 'answers'. His main concern was that Olsson's services could hinder people from seeking genuine professional help.

Article: "Livredde For Parapsykologen" (Terrified of the Parapsychologist)

This headline from Arbeider-Avisa on April 7th is discussed. The journalist contacted Professor Gunnar Gøtestam, who reiterated his concerns about quackery and the misleading use of the title 'psychologist'. He suggested that Olsson's claims of past-life experiences could be a tactic to keep clients returning. He emphasized that people in confusing situations might seek out such services repeatedly. His primary worry was that Olsson's interventions could prevent individuals from obtaining necessary professional assistance, thereby prolonging their suffering.

Article: "Tilbake Til Sverige - Vanskelig Med Forføyninger" (Back to Sweden - Difficult with Legal Action)

NIVFO had contacted the Consumer Ombudsman, the Norwegian Price Directorate, and the police regarding Olsson's activities. A written report was submitted to these bodies, as well as the Directorate of Health, but no formal police report was filed. Olsson operated in Trondheim from March 29th to April 9th, after which she stated she would return to Luleå, Sweden. This complicates any legal action by Norwegian authorities, even if her practices violated laws. The article speculates that Olsson might have made significant profits during her stay and could consider returning in August, given her stated intention to come back.

Article: "Forbindelse Mellom ESP Og Jordens Elektromagnetiske Aktivitet" (Connection Between ESP and Earth's Electromagnetic Activity)

This article explores a theory by researchers Michael Persinger and Stanley Krippner regarding the functioning of ESP (extrasensory perception). They propose that ESP works best when Earth's magnetic activity is low, suggesting a link to low-frequency electromagnetic waves. Their research indicates a correlation between successful ESP experiments and periods of low geomagnetic activity, while high activity coincided with failed attempts. They theorize that low geomagnetism might enhance the brain's sensitivity. The article includes a commentary that questions the statistical methods used in such research, drawing parallels to spurious correlations, and suggests that the lack of definitive proof for ESP might lead to attempts to explain away negative results.

Article: "Dialog Med Universet - Fargerik UFO-Konferanse I Frankfurt" (Dialogue with the Universe - Colorful UFO Conference in Frankfurt)

This report covers an international UFO conference held in Frankfurt from October 26-29. The event featured various speakers, including singer Miko promoting messages of 'love' and help from extraterrestrials; Virgil Armstrong, a retired CIA officer who shared an experience of seeing a crashed UFO in 1948; a TASS correspondent discussing UFO landings in the Soviet Union; Chris Griscom, a spiritual teacher who spoke about raising vibrational frequencies for contact; businessman Dr. Frank Alper, who channeled messages from extraterrestrials; Oscar Magosci, who recounted his first UFO journey in 1975; Sixto Pax Wells, who works with an institute for interplanetary connections and claims contact with beings from Jupiter's moon Ganymedes; Erich von Däniken, who appeared more open to UFO beliefs than in the past; and Budd Hopkins, who, like Whitley Strieber, has had less than positive experiences with alleged alien encounters. The conference also included activities like meditation, video presentations, channeling, and sales of New Age-related items. The article concludes by questioning the progress and impact of ufology, noting that despite the enthusiasm, the core message has remained largely unchanged, with the only novelty being the alleged distress caused to Whitley Strieber. The conference was attended by 2200 people.

Article: "Radongass" (Radon Gas)

This article discusses the dangers of radon gas in homes, particularly in well-sealed houses. It explains that radon is a product of the radioactive decay of natural elements like uranium and thorium, which are present in the Earth's crust. Uranium-238 is identified as the primary source of radon. The decay process produces various radioactive isotopes that emit ionizing radiation, which can damage living tissue. Alpha and beta particles are the main culprits, causing harm when inhaled and coming into close contact with lung tissue. Radium-226, a decay product of uranium, is a key source of radon. The article emphasizes that radon-222 gas has a short half-life of 3.8 days, but its decay products, such as polonium-218, have much shorter half-lives, leading to a rapid increase in radiation intensity within hours. The article stresses the importance of ventilation to reduce radon concentrations. It notes that while radon is naturally present, human activities like mining, oil drilling, and burning fossil fuels can alter its levels. The use of fly ash from coal burning in construction materials and the disposal of mining waste can increase radon levels in nearby buildings. The article also touches upon the historical use of radon in medical treatments and health remedies, which is now considered dangerous. It cites a study of uranium miners, showing a correlation between radon exposure and increased lung cancer rates, particularly when combined with smoking. The article concludes by stating that the radon dose received in homes exceeds that from other sources, including medical procedures and nuclear power, and that the risk of lung cancer from radon is significant, though lower than from smoking.

Article: "Nyhet... UFO OG UFOLOGI" (News... UFO AND UFOLOGY)

This brief section announces a new booklet published by NIVFO titled "UFO og UFologi". The 12-page A4 booklet provides an overview of ufology's origins and development from 1947 to the present day, intended for students, journalists, and others interested in the topic. It is available for 20 kroner.

Conference Registration Form

This section contains a registration form for the 1990 CSICOP Conference in Brussels, Belgium, scheduled for August 10-11. It provides details on registration fees, accommodation options at the Bruxelles Hilton Hotel and other hotels, and contact information for Barry Karr at CSICOP in Buffalo, New York.

Article: "Europeisk Skeptikerkonferanse 1990" (European Skeptics Conference 1990)

This article provides details about the European Skeptics Conference 1990, held in Brussels, Belgium, on August 10-11. The conference featured three sessions: a Friday evening session on "The State of Paranormal Belief in Europe," where leading members of European skeptic groups presented reports; and Saturday sessions with lectures by American and European scientists and educators. Notable speakers included Professor Susan Blackmore, Professor Cornelis de Jager, Dr. A. Gertler, Professor Ray Hyman, Professor Jean Claude Pecker, Professor Evry Schatzman, Professor Henri Broch, and Professor Paul Kurtz. Awards such as the "In Praise of Reason Award" and the "Distinguished Skeptic Award" were presented. The article also refers readers to the conference registration form on page 27.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Norsk Skeptiker are skepticism towards paranormal claims, investigations into pseudoscientific practices, and the dissemination of scientific information. The magazine critically examines individuals like Cecilia Olsson, questioning their methods and potential for exploitation. It also explores topics like UFOs and ESP from a skeptical perspective, seeking scientific explanations or highlighting the lack thereof. The article on radon gas demonstrates a commitment to providing factual, science-based information on health-related issues. The coverage of the European Skeptics Conference further reinforces the magazine's dedication to promoting critical thinking and scientific inquiry. The editorial stance is clearly one of promoting rationalism and debunking unsubstantiated claims, advocating for evidence-based understanding and caution against pseudoscience and potential fraud.