NIVFO-Bulletin - 1989 No 4-5

Magazine Overview

This issue of NIVFO Bulletin, volume 9, number 4-5, dated 1989, is published by the Norwegian Institute for Scientific Research and Enlightenment (NIVFO). It functions as a critical forum for pseudoscience and literature, with an ISSN of 0800-0360. The cover headline highlights 'IPE ROXO AMALGAM', and prominent articles include 'Numerology: What Is It?', 'Akupunktur', 'Mystikk og Edelstener', and 'Moderne UFO-Logi'. The magazine is priced at 100,- and is published 5 times a year.

Articles and Content

Numerology: What Is It?

The article 'Numerologi' (Numerology) critically examines the practice, describing it as an occult pseudoscience that claims to predict things using numbers. It questions the validity of numerological calculations, particularly those based on birth dates and names, citing examples of Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton. The author highlights the arbitrary nature of assigning numerical values to letters and the inconsistencies in different numerological systems. The article concludes that numerology devolves into magic when attempting to assign significance to arbitrary concepts like numbers and words.

Amalgam: 'Mercury Poisoning' from Dental Fillings?

The article 'Amalgam' investigates the claims that dental fillings containing amalgam cause mercury poisoning. It provides a historical overview of amalgam use, noting its composition of approximately 50% mercury and other metals. The author distinguishes between elemental, inorganic, and organic mercury, identifying organic mercury as the most toxic. While elemental and inorganic mercury are present in amalgam, their absorption is poor. The article asserts that mercury levels in individuals with amalgam fillings are comparable to those exposed to normal environmental levels and remain within safe limits. It criticizes the 'anti-amalgam fanaticism' and suggests that anecdotal claims of health improvements after amalgam removal are likely due to the placebo effect. The article concludes that there is no current reason to have existing amalgam fillings removed or to avoid them, and that the trend is moving towards improved plastic materials and other sealants.

Hjernemasse til Salgs (Brain Matter for Sale)

This section discusses 'Lecitone', a popular 'health food' product sold in health stores, which is claimed to rebuild damaged brain cells. The article exposes that the product primarily contains fats and calories, and that animal brain matter is broken down in the stomach like any other food, with no guarantee of reaching the brain. It criticizes the lack of control over 'natural remedies' compared to medical drugs and highlights that even food products undergo more scrutiny. Professor Kristian S. Bjerve and Professor Kåre Molnes are quoted, stating that Lecitone offers no unique nutritional benefits and that the idea of animal brain matter improving human brain function is a misunderstanding. They emphasize the importance of a healthy diet and caution against the myth that animal extracts can directly benefit corresponding human organs.

Calendar History and Skepticism

Several articles delve into the history and nature of calendars, questioning their arbitrary foundations and the numerological significance often attributed to dates. The Gregorian calendar is explained, along with its historical development from Roman and Julian calendars. Other calendar systems, including the Muslim and Jewish calendars, are briefly mentioned. The article 'A Rote med Kalenderen' (A Root with the Calendar) discusses the arbitrary nature of dates and their perceived meaning in numerology, contrasting scientific measurements of astronomical events with the subjective assignment of significance to birthdays. The text also touches upon the Japanese and Chinese writing systems, noting their ideographic nature and lack of a fixed alphabetical order, further questioning the basis for numerological analysis of names. The article 'Numerologi' also references a source titled 'The Skeptic' and an article by Sir Jim R. Wallaby titled 'Numerology - it just don't add up!', indicating a skeptical stance.

Other Noteworthy Content

The 'innhold' (table of contents) reveals a wide range of topics covered, including 'Satanisme', 'Bøker' (Books), 'UFO-Kontakt' (UFO Contact), 'Fremgangsrik ungdomsreligion' (Successful Youth Religion), and 'Amerikansk planetarium med folkeopplysning om UFOer' (American planetarium with public information about UFOs). There are also sections on 'Notiser etc.' (Notices etc.) which include various short items and book reviews.

The magazine also features a section on 'Moderne Overtro' (Modern Superstition), referencing a book by Jon Sandvik.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of NIVFO Bulletin are skepticism towards pseudoscientific claims, critical analysis of alternative health practices, and an examination of phenomena often associated with the paranormal and UFOlogy. The editorial stance is clearly one of promoting scientific inquiry and debunking unsubstantiated beliefs. The magazine aims to provide a critical perspective on topics that often lack rigorous scientific backing, encouraging readers to question extraordinary claims and rely on evidence-based reasoning. The publication actively engages with topics like numerology, alternative medicine, and UFO sightings from a rational and skeptical viewpoint, often referencing scientific research and established facts to counter popular myths and misinformation.

This issue of NIB magazine, dated July 18, 1989, with the cover headline "ILLEGAL MARKET," delves into a variety of controversial and sensational topics, including an illicit trade in natural remedies, doping in sports, and the alleged UFO encounters of author Whitley Strieber. The magazine also touches upon the phenomena of Satanism and vampirism.

Illegal Market and Alternative Medicine

The article "ILLEGAL MARKET" reports on the existence of an illegal market for natural remedies in Norway. The Norwegian Directorate of Health and the State Medicines Control Authority are said to crack down on companies claiming to offer healing products. It is suggested that these products are exchanged on an internal market, with some allegedly containing extracts from aborted fetuses. Jarl Bjørgan from Trondheim health food store claims that people travel to Denmark and Sweden to buy natural remedies not available in Norway. Professor Molnes considers the use of aborted fetuses and stillborn infants for treatment unacceptable and ethically problematic. A past incident involving a company purchasing placental tissue and the subsequent intervention by the Directorate of Health is mentioned.

The "COMMENTARER" section criticizes the public's ignorance and indoctrination by the "quasi-medical propaganda apparatus," suggesting that the media's attempts to inform are insufficient. It argues that Norway's strict regulations on natural remedies might be seen as prudent by the rest of the world in the long run, despite initial mockery. The author also points to weekly magazines as contributing to the public's gullibility and lack of critical thinking.

Homeopathy and Doping in Sports

An article titled "HOMEOPAT INNE I BILDET" (Homeopath in the Picture) discusses a homeopath who allegedly provided brain matter to athletes. The homeopath claims this is not illegal, but Norwegian experts label it as doping. The article quotes the chairman of the Sports Federation, Hans B. Skaset, expressing his disappointment with the state of sports ethics, stating, "There are hardly any illusions left to break." It is reported that Norwegian athletes paid up to Kr. 40,000 for a course of "brain mass doping," and the mild penalties for such offenses raise questions about whether illegal activities are profitable.

UFO Contact and Whitley Strieber

The magazine dedicates a significant portion to the experiences of author Whitley Strieber, known for his book "Communion." The article "UFO-KONTAKT" (UFO Contact) explores Strieber's claims of encounters with highly unusual beings.

Strieber's Early Experiences

Before "Communion" became a bestseller, Strieber was known for his horror novels. The article recounts Strieber's childhood experiences, including an encounter with an insect-like creature at age 12, which touched his head with a silver claw. Another incident involved a train journey where he had a memory of seeing the train from above. Later, he attempted to build an anti-gravity machine, which resulted in a power surge and fire damage to his house.

Lost Time and Abduction Claims

During his university years in Texas, Strieber reported a "lost time" experience lasting 24 hours. He later recalled being transported back to Austin and encountering a demonic, fly-like figure. Further hypnosis sessions revealed more details, including being visited by a hooded figure without a head, and a vision of the world exploding. Strieber also describes an incident in his isolated cabin in New York in October 1985, where he witnessed a blue light and heard an explosion. He later recalled being abducted by small figures, one described as female, and undergoing an examination involving a triangular object inserted into him. He also experienced a cut on his index finger.

Psychological and Skeptical Analysis

Strieber's experiences are examined through the lens of psychology and skepticism. He consulted psychiatrist Dr. Donald Klein, who found no evidence of psychosis but noted possible abnormalities in the temporal lobe. The article discusses Strieber's claims of passing a lie detector test, but notes the unreliability of such tests. Skeptics, including psychiatrist Ernest H. Taves, suggest that Strieber's accounts might be fabricated or a result of his imagination, especially given his background as a horror writer. Taves, referencing Occam's Razor, leans towards the hypothesis that Strieber is intentionally misleading his readers.

Strieber's Worldview and Occultism

Philip Klass, a CSICOP UFO expert, notes Strieber's background in occult groups. Strieber's own writings reveal a worldview steeped in mysticism, occultism, symbolism, and esotericism, comparing his abduction experiences to initiation rites in ancient mystery schools. This occult inclination, while not disproving his UFO claims, is seen as reducing his credibility.

Further Encounters and Public Reaction

Strieber continued to report strange experiences, including encounters with figures he called "The Image." His book "Communion" became a bestseller, selling millions of copies worldwide. However, his claims have also led to a phenomenon where others interpret their own unusual experiences, dreams, or memory lapses as UFO contact, potentially creating a "snowball effect."

Satanism

The magazine addresses the phenomenon of Satanism, citing reports of a "satanic conspiracy" in the USA, with claims of up to 60,000 ritual suicides annually. Witnesses and survivors reportedly speak of terrifying rituals, forced pregnancies for sacrifices, and widespread fear of planned kidnappings. Millions of people are said to believe in variants of satanic folklore.

Vampirism

An article discusses the concept of vampirism, referencing Bernhardt Hurwood's book "Vampires." It explores the historical and mythological aspects of vampires, including Dracula, modern-day vampires, and the physiological theories behind vampirism, such as it being a viral disease related to rabies. The article also provides contact information for organizations related to vampire research.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of NIB magazine exhibits a strong interest in fringe topics, including unexplained phenomena, alternative medicine, and controversial aspects of human behavior like doping and Satanism. The editorial stance appears to be one of reporting on these phenomena, often with a skeptical undertone, particularly concerning Whitley Strieber's UFO claims. The magazine highlights the sensational aspects of these topics, aiming to inform and perhaps provoke discussion among its readers. There is a clear emphasis on the psychological and skeptical interpretations of alleged paranormal events, while also acknowledging the public's fascination with such subjects.

This issue of Bøker, identified by the number 21, appears to be a Norwegian publication focused on critical examination of fringe beliefs, alternative medicine, and pseudoscientific claims, contrasted with skepticism and rational inquiry. The cover prominently features two books: "THE FRINGES OF REASON A Whole Earth Catalog" and "CULTS & CONSEQUENCES The Definitive Handbook". The issue date is indicated as 1/1989, and the country of publication is Norway.

Book Reviews

The Fringes of Reason

The magazine presents "The Fringes of Reason" as a comprehensive overview of strange beliefs and eccentric science. It is described as a reliable and authoritative resource for those interested in the market of curious ideas, covering phenomena from the seemingly unexplainable to mysteries of the mind, and from the enigmatic to entertaining hoaxes. The book reportedly presents all sides of the issues, with contributions from 'experts' ranging from true believers to staunch skeptics. It can be ordered from Whole Earth Catalog for $13.00.

Cults & Consequences

"Cults & Consequences" is characterized as a collection of personal experiences, research, analyses, and reference material, valuable for both laypeople and professionals. The book addresses several key questions, including why cults continue to attract new members, their common recruitment techniques, and the impact on families. It also touches upon legal rights concerning cult involvement and resources for those leaving a cult. This book can be ordered from the Commission on Cults & Missionaries for $14.95.

Articles and Reports

"Naturhelbreder Mediabolles" (Nature Healer Media Bullshit)

This article discusses a story from Ekstra Bladet about a nature healer accused of sexually assaulting his female patients. The healer allegedly used hypnosis to guide patients back in time to previous lives, then suggested they undress, leading to sexual encounters. A former patient has reported the healer, stating that while the events were unbelievable, they occurred when she had complete trust in him. The article notes that other women may have been similarly exploited and that some had even given the healer money for a healing center project, the whereabouts of which are unknown.

"Snop for andskastrater?" (Sweets for the Underprivileged?)

This piece critiques an article from the magazine Ekspress, which claims that Odin and Thor were spaceship commanders in Slagelse. The article, written by Bjarne Castella, is based on Preben Hansson's book about the "unknown past of Trelleborg". Hansson posits that ancient Viking fortresses were actually massive radar and parabolic facilities built to assist numerous spaceships over Denmark 4000 years ago. The article criticizes the magazine's illustration of Trelleborg as detached from Danish cultural heritage and floating among the stars. The source is cited as Para-Nyt nr. 1/1989.

"Gamle Nyheter: Russisk New Age Allerede 70 År" (Old News: Russian New Age Already 70 Years Old)

This short item notes that the New Age organization Nytänkarna offered a trip to "Russia" in its 1988 autumn program. The author finds this ironic, given that the state of Russia ceased to exist approximately 70 years prior, suggesting that "New Age" is merely a rehash of historical scraps.

"Fortynning i Arbeidsmiljøet" (Thinning in the Work Environment)

This section, attributed to JS, discusses a suggestion from homeopath Birger Dalén in Svenska Dagbladet (17/7-88) to introduce homeopathic methods into corporate health services to reduce absenteeism. Professor David Ingvar responded (22/7) that there is no evidence for homeopathy's effectiveness and expressed concern about a committee investigating alternative medicine, which he felt was populated by parliamentarians who did not understand rational thinking or scientific evaluation. The source is FOLKVETT, nr. 4/88.

"Den Som Sover Lærer Ikke" (He Who Sleeps Does Not Learn)

An article from Scientific American (August -88) and Folkvett nr. 4/88 discusses a US Army study on unconventional methods to improve psychological performance. The study found that biofeedback was effective for increasing skin temperature and decreasing pulse rate, but its practical applications were not detailed. Sleep-learning was found to be significantly less effective, with EEG measurements showing that increased learning during sleep came at the expense of sleep quality. Other paranormal methods studied were rejected.

"Ny Skeptikergruppe: Manitoba Skeptics" (New Skeptic Group: Manitoba Skeptics)

This section announces the formation of the Manitoba Skeptics in the summer of 1988. The group has already organized events and gained press coverage, including an interview with their president, Bill Henry, in the Manitoba Free Press. Henry was also interviewed on radio and TV. The group exposed the director of the local planetarium as an avid UFO enthusiast. While they do not have their own journal, membership ($15) includes the BC Skeptics' 'Rational Enquirer'. The source is Rational Enquirer nr. 2/1988.

"Et Siste Ønske" (A Last Wish)

A brief anecdote about three terminally ill men: a believer who wanted a private demonstration by Uri Geller, a New Ager who wished for an audience with Shirley MacLaine, and a skeptic who asked to consult another doctor. Attributed to Rocky Mountain Skeptic.

"Vel Anvendte Penger" (Well Spent Money)

This short item reports that over 270,000 Elvis Presley fans have called a 900 number, paying $2 to listen to a tape allegedly containing a conversation with the rock star four years after his death. Attributed to Midwest Committee for Rational Inquiry.

"Hare Krishna" (Hare Krishna)

This article introduces the Hare Krishna movement as a successful youth religion in the West, noting its appeal to artists, musicians, university professionals, and doctors. It presents several points from Srimad-Bhagavatam:

• The Small Scientists: Modern scientists and astronomers try to explain the cosmos, but Bhagavad-gita states that stars are like the moon, reflecting sunlight, not self-luminous bodies.
• Head Transplantation: The story of Bhrgu Muni replacing Daksa's head with a goat's head is recounted, suggesting that brain substance is not the sole determinant of intelligence, as Daksa continued to act as himself.
• Righteous Duties: Sati's extreme response to someone mocking Lord Shiva is described, where she should have killed the offender and then herself, but spared her father, Daksa, by taking her own life.
• Widow Burning: A devoted wife, according to scriptures, should voluntarily die with her husband if she lacks offspring. The article contrasts this with Dronacharya's wife, who did not undergo this practice because she had a son.
• The Nature of Women: Women are described as acting to serve their own interests, pretending to be fond of men but not truly being so. They are seen as potentially dangerous, capable of harming their own kin. The article states that women must be protected by men throughout their lives and should not be given independence, as they have a naturally selfish tendency. The source of this section is Pertti Suorsa, Sweden, and the journal 'Krishnas Värld'.

"Svarbrev Fra Forbruker Og Administrasjonsdepartementet" (Response Letter from Consumer and Administration Department)

This section contains a response from the Norwegian Consumer and Administration Department regarding the spread of pseudomedicine. The department states that it is outside their jurisdiction to comment on disputes between school medicine and alternative medicine. However, they note that advertising claims about improved health or symptom relief are usually forwarded to the Health Directorate. Marketing materials making more general claims about physiological effects are handled under the Marketing Act, requiring documentation and scientific studies. The department also expresses a desire for the public to increase their health literacy to become more self-sufficient.

Health Directorate Response

The Health Directorate has provided a preliminary response, awaiting the conclusion of the "Acupuncture Committee's" work.

Norwegian Medical Association Response

The Norwegian Medical Association has not yet formally responded but has published several articles from members addressing the proliferation of pseudomedicine. Their journal (nr. 12/89) addresses these contributions.

Mark Plummer Steps Down as Director of CSICOP

Mark Plummer, a prominent figure in the global skeptic movement and founder of Australian Skeptos, is stepping down as executive director of CSICOP. He has been instrumental in CSICOP's work, traveling extensively to organize and support events. While he is leaving his daily leadership role, he will continue with CSICOP in other capacities. Barry Karr, former information director, has taken over as Plummer's successor.

Commentary on "Helse Humbug og Lægeforeningen" (Health Humbug and the Medical Association)

This section presents commentary on a response from the Norwegian Medical Association regarding alternative medicine. The association acknowledges the increasing prevalence of alternative medicine and advises patients to seek medical advice first to avoid wasting time on serious, treatable illnesses. They believe that direct confrontation and media polemics are ineffective. Instead, they aim to motivate their members to provide "active counter-information" about the possibilities of scientific medicine and to encourage members to take their information duties seriously. They also plan to train members through courses. The association believes this is the best long-term strategy to reduce the scope of alternative medicine.

The commentary argues that while the Medical Association's response is positive in acknowledging the problem and the need for countermeasures, the methods are debatable. It emphasizes that organizations like CSICOP have achieved significant results through "direct attacks" and systematic follow-up of specific cases, rather than solely relying on "informing". The commentary suggests that the Medical Association should establish a committee, similar to those in other countries, to systematically address pseudoscientific claims. It warns that without such challenges, pseudosciences will continue to thrive, hindering public education efforts.

"IPE ROXO" - A Miracle Cure?

This article investigates "IPE ROXO", a product advertised as a miracle cure for a wide range of ailments including cancer, asthma, rheumatism, gonorrhea, syphilis, and Parkinson's disease, claiming to cure everything in less than a month. The product, sold in boxes of 90 capsules or as tea, is derived from a South American tropical plant. The article cites a report from Adresseavisen about the product's sale in Trondheim, Norway, by Hardangerfrukt A/S. Professor Steinar Kvinnsland is quoted as saying that the marketing of such products preys on vulnerable patients and that the industry's turnover is significant. He questions why people react strongly to being swindled in clothing retail but accept being deceived in life-threatening health situations.

Per Broch from the County Medical Officer's office notes that there are currently many products in the gray area of quackery. He states that the current legislation for dubious healing methods is outdated and suggests that either the County Medical Officer's office needs more staff to act as "police" for these products, or the law needs to be revised. He confirms that they can only report egregious cases to the police or the Health Directorate.

Hardangerfrukt A/S has reportedly stopped selling IPE ROXO, stating they want to be seen as a serious health food retailer. The Norwegian Health Food Retailers Association is interested in removing those who cynically exploit illness, noting that profitable individuals make millions by disregarding regulations.

Sold Under the Counter

A health food retailer admitted to Adresseavisen that IPE ROXO capsules were not approved for sale in Norway but were sold "under the counter" to customers who asked for them or were referred by homeopaths. The price was kr. 148.50. The retailer also sold a box of "Lapachote" tea, which was also of unknown origin and composition, costing 59 kroner. Neither the County Medical Officer nor the Health Directorate had any information about this product.

"skog av produkter" (Forest of Products)

The article describes a vast array of health products available, including weight loss aids, teas, and pills for various ailments. It notes that health food stores are becoming like pharmacies, offering a jungle of capsules, pills, teas, and cures for almost everything.

"Homøopatene på krigsstien" (Homeopaths on the Warpath)

This section reports that two experienced homeopaths in Trondheim, Oddny Iversen and Thor Nilsen, claim there are many unserious homeopaths in the city. They feel unfairly grouped with these practitioners and dismiss IPE ROXO as a "pure fairytale remedy."

"En Oppskrift På Skeptisisme?" (A Recipe for Skepticism?)

This article explores whether critical thinking can be taught. It discusses a curriculum developed by Fred Smith and Brant Abrahamson for thousands of students at Riverside-Brookfield High School since 1960, which covers topics like authorities, group prejudices, information gathering, and logical fallacies. The material is presented as a valuable tool for developing critical thinking skills and for public education. The author suggests this approach could be a good alternative to astrology and scientology for Norwegian students. The source is The Skeptic, nr. 5/1988, by Deborah A. Boak.

"Pseudovitenskap I 'Illustrert Vitenskap'" (Pseudoscience in 'Illustrated Science')

This piece criticizes an article in the popular science magazine Illustrert Vitenskap (nr. 8/1989) titled "Why Acupuncture Works". The author argues that the article lacks distance, contains numerous errors and misconceptions, and perpetuates myths about acupuncture. It claims the article ignores scientific evidence and focuses on unsubstantiated claims about "forces". The article notes that Illustrert Vitenskap is commercially driven and questions whether its readers have the knowledge to discern the misleading information presented.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Bøker consistently adopts a skeptical and critical stance towards pseudoscientific claims, alternative medicine, and unsubstantiated health products. The editorial focus is on promoting rational thinking, scientific evidence, and consumer awareness. The magazine highlights the dangers of health scams and the challenges of regulating pseudomedicine in Norway. It advocates for critical thinking and informed decision-making, contrasting these with the proliferation of unproven or fraudulent health practices. The publication seems to align with the goals of skeptic organizations in debunking pseudoscience and promoting scientific literacy.

This issue of NIVFO-Bulletin, dated 1989 and identified as volume 9, issue 2/89, focuses on a range of topics related to alternative medicine, paranormal claims, and skepticism. The cover headline, "PILLER SVERTER HOMØOPATENES RYKTE" (Pills Tarnish Homeopaths' Reputation), sets a critical tone for much of the content.

Homeopathy Under Scrutiny

The issue begins by addressing controversy surrounding 'miracle pills' like IPE ROXO. According to an article in Adresseavisen, some health food retailers are selling these pills, allegedly with referrals from homeopaths. Two experienced homeopaths, Thor Nilsen and Oddny Iversen, express their disapproval, stating that only controlled homeopathic remedies sold through pharmacies should be recommended. They lament being grouped with unprofessional practitioners who damage the reputation of serious homeopaths. Nilsen, who has five years of training, emphasizes that homeopaths should only recommend remedies approved by Samuel Hahnemann and that products not declaring ingredients or dosages are illegal to sell.

A woman from Aure shares her negative experience with IPE ROXO, reporting that it worsened her urinary tract infections, allergies, and muscle pain, leading to a new bladder infection that required two treatments to resolve. She also experienced nausea and loss of appetite, advising readers to stick to conventional medicine.

'Ostrich Policy' in Health Food Retail

John Holden, leader of the Helsekostbransjeni Detaljistforbund (HD), criticizes the authorities for their 'ostrich policy' regarding health food products. He argues that the government categorizes these items solely as food or medicine, ignoring the broader category of natural remedies. Holden points to a 1985 report by the Nordic Council of Ministers that was meant to lead to new regulations but was shelved after a brief consultation. He believes that the health food industry and authorities are interested in cleaning up the market, but the government has failed to act, leading to the smuggling of unregulated natural products into Norway.

Cryptid and Paranormal Investigations

A section on Cryptozoology reports on a strange creature found on an island near Smøla, described as a 500 kg 'monster' resembling a polar bear, measuring 2.5 meters long and over a meter wide. Engineer Karl Johan Tellnes from the Institute of Marine Research was baffled, noting its white, shaggy fur and black head. While some locals initially thought it was a whale carcass, Tellnes was unsure if it was even a sea creature, noting a faint smell of blubber but no foul odor. Nature conservation consultant Alf Ottar Folkestad, however, believes it is a whale carcass.

Another article, "VEGSPØKELSE" (Road Ghost), discusses a peculiar phenomenon on the old Geiranger road in Oppland, Norway. The road authority has declared the road 'dangerous for ghosts' as part of its 100th-anniversary celebration. The phenomenon involves strange occurrences at a cabin used by employees, including mysterious sounds and marks on a window. An engineer in the 1960s reported strange events, and a former road keeper's wife is rumored to haunt the area. Information consultant Geir Hasle humorously explains that the 'ghost' is a way to mark the road's anniversary, and the area will be used for events like a vintage car rally. The 'ghost' is described as 'friendly', and the road authority hopes it will attract tourists.

Homeopathy vs. School Medicine

Dr. med. Carl Ditlef Jacobsen writes an article titled "Humbug-medisin eller skolemedisin?" (Humbug Medicine or School Medicine?). He outlines the rigorous process of school medicine, from observation and diagnosis to research, testing of new drugs through blind studies, and considering risks versus benefits. He contrasts this with 'humbug medicine,' which he claims exploits the vacuum left by conventional medicine's limitations. Jacobsen argues that alternative medicine practitioners often ignore diagnostics and documentation of treatment effects. He questions why society doesn't hold alternative practitioners to the same standards as conventional medicine and points out that many claims, like the chronic candida infection explaining fatigue, have been debunked. He also notes that ginseng may contain artificial stimulants.

Jacobsen explains why patients might seek alternative help: some conditions resolve on their own, chronic illnesses have fluctuating symptoms, and the placebo effect can be significant. However, he criticizes the lack of rigorous evidence for alternative treatments and highlights the financial interests involved in the health food industry.

Legal Issues and Fraud

The issue addresses the legality of acupuncture in Norway. According to Health Director Torbjørn Mork, acupuncturists without medical or dental degrees are operating illegally under the 'quackery law' because acupuncture is considered an operative procedure. The Health Directorate has reported cases to the authorities, but previous complaints were dismissed. NIVFO has filed a new complaint.

An interview with James Randi, a renowned investigator of paranormal and pseudoscientific claims, reveals his methods for exposing fraud. Randi, who has a background in magic, challenges those who claim paranormal abilities by demanding evidence and demonstrating how their feats can be achieved through deception, such as Peter Popoff using a miniature receiver to receive information from his wife off-stage. Randi also debunks claims about sending Russian Bibles to Moscow via balloons and questions the efficacy of 'faith healers' who claim to cure AIDS, suggesting they focus on ailments that respond to lifestyle changes or climate.

Editorial Stance and Recurring Themes

NIVFO-Bulletin consistently adopts a skeptical stance towards pseudoscientific claims, paranormal phenomena, and unproven alternative therapies. The magazine aims to inform its readers about what it considers 'humbug' in health and science, contrasting it with evidence-based approaches. Recurring themes include the critique of homeopathy and other alternative treatments, investigations into alleged UFO sightings and paranormal events, and the exposure of fraud in the fields of faith healing and alternative medicine. The publication emphasizes the importance of scientific rigor, documentation, and legal regulation in healthcare.

Title: Minnesota Skeptics Newsletter
Issue: August 1989
Volume: nr. 2/1989
Publisher: Minnesota Skeptics Newsletter
Country: USA
Language: Norwegian

This issue of the Minnesota Skeptics Newsletter delves into various topics related to pseudoscience, skepticism, and alternative practices, featuring an interview with James Randi, a historical and critical examination of acupuncture, and a discussion on the folklore surrounding gemstones.

Interview with James Randi

The newsletter includes an extensive interview with James Randi, a prominent magician and skeptic. Randi discusses his work in debunking psychics and pseudoscientific claims. He recounts his success in exposing Uri Geller, noting that Geller's claims of psychic abilities were often achieved through clever tricks and manipulation. Randi explains that Geller's career has seen periods of resurgence, often tied to book promotions, but his claims have consistently been challenged by Randi's investigations.

Randi also elaborates on the 'Uri Prize,' an award he established to highlight and satirize pseudoscientific achievements. The prize, symbolized by a bent spoon, is given to individuals or organizations that demonstrate extraordinary feats of deception or self-delusion in the realm of the paranormal. He mentions past recipients, including J.Z. Knight, associated with the channeling phenomenon, and the Pentagon for its 'Project Vampire,' which aimed to test psychic abilities for military purposes.

Randi expresses his pragmatic approach to reality, emphasizing the importance of seeking the closest possible approximation to truth and operating from a clear understanding of fundamental principles. He describes his own persona as an 'actor,' consciously adopting different roles for public appearances, a skill he must carefully manage to maintain his sense of self.

Acupuncture: A Critical Examination

A significant portion of the newsletter is dedicated to an in-depth analysis of acupuncture. The article questions whether acupuncture should be classified as paranormal, defining paranormal as that which lies outside the normal scope of data or experience. It acknowledges that while acupuncture is an ancient practice, its recent resurgence and integration into Western medicine are viewed with skepticism.

The historical overview traces acupuncture's origins in China, mentioning ancient texts and its spread to other Asian countries and eventually to Europe. The article notes the development of electro-acupuncture and its practice by various physicians.

However, the core of the discussion focuses on the reasons for acupuncture's lack of acceptance in the scientific community. The newsletter argues that the traditional Chinese medical theory, based on concepts like Qi, meridians, Yin, and Yang, is incompatible with Western scientific principles. It suggests that the perceived effectiveness of acupuncture is largely attributable to the placebo effect, patient-doctor relationships, and psychological factors rather than any inherent physiological mechanism.

The article highlights that many Western physicians who initially embraced acupuncture later became disillusioned, finding its theoretical underpinnings to be unscientific or even fantastical. It points out the increasing number of acupuncture points over time as a questionable aspect of its development. The newsletter concludes that while acupuncture may offer some relief, its success is often due to factors like patient belief, the therapeutic encounter, and distraction, rather than the specific techniques or theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

Gemstones: Legends and Superstitions

The issue also features an article on gemstones, exploring the legends and superstitions associated with them. It covers various stones, including pearls, turquoise, lapis lazuli, opal, and peridot, detailing their historical significance and the beliefs surrounding their purported powers.

For instance, pearls are mentioned as being beloved since ancient times and were worn by Roman women to remind them of their wealth. Turquoise is linked to Native American legends, believed to offer protection and bring good fortune. Lapis lazuli was valued in Babylon and Egypt for its supposed ability to cure melancholy. Opals are discussed in relation to superstitions about bad luck, while peridot is referred to as the 'sun's gemstone,' thought to break enchantments and ward off evil spirits.

The article notes the resurgence of interest in the supposed powers of crystals and gemstones in the 'New Age' movement, contrasting this with the rational approach of skeptics. It includes a list of birthstones and their associated months.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are skepticism towards paranormal claims and alternative medicine, the importance of critical thinking and scientific evidence, and the debunking of pseudoscientific phenomena. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of rationalism and scientific inquiry, actively challenging beliefs that lack empirical support. The newsletter aims to educate its readers about the potential for deception and self-delusion in areas often shrouded in mystery and superstition, advocating for a grounded, evidence-based understanding of the world.

This issue of The Skeptic magazine, dated Autumn 1989 (Issue 1/1989), is published by Australian Skeptics and focuses on critical examination of various claims and phenomena. The cover prominently features a call for reader contributions, ideas, and material. The magazine is in Norwegian and covers topics ranging from alternative medicine to science literacy and the critique of pseudoscience.

Article: AP Treatment and Patient Control

The issue begins with an exploration of why AP (acupuncture) treatment might be effective. It presents the case of Margo, a patient who struggled with smoking cessation. Margo found success with AP treatment under Dr. Huang, where she actively controlled the electrical stimulation. The article posits that the effectiveness of AP stems not from ancient philosophy, but from the patient's belief, the therapeutic relationship, and crucially, the sense of control patients gain over their symptoms. It suggests that conventional medicine could learn from alternative approaches by treating patients with more empathy and respect. The source is cited as 'The Skeptic nr. 1/1989 (høst) [Australian Skeptics tidsskrift]'.

Article: Low Science Literacy in the US and UK

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the findings of a 1988 study funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by Jon Miller of Northern Illinois University. The study revealed a low level of science literacy among adults in both the US and England. Only about 6% of adults (18 and older) in America demonstrated a general understanding of how science influences society. The study used three sets of questions to measure knowledge of the scientific process, understanding of scientific terms and concepts, and the perceived impact of science on society. The results for England were similar to those in the US, indicating a widespread deficit in scientific literacy. Miller emphasizes that in two of the world's oldest democracies, a majority of citizens lack the basic scientific literacy needed to understand and participate in public policy discussions. The study found that science courses, rather than general experience, were more correlated with higher scores, and that high school science education had little impact on adult knowledge.

Article: James Randi Challenged

The magazine mentions that a person from Hamar, Norway, with foreign origins, has contacted NIVFO (presumably a Norwegian skeptical organization) to accept James Randi's challenge to test their paranormal abilities. Randi has reportedly raised the 'prize' for such a test to $100,000. The individual is seeking to arrange the test, and the magazine hopes to report more on the matter in a future issue.

Article: Critique of Alternative Health Practices in Norway

Under the heading 'EN TANKEVEKKER' (A Food for Thought), the magazine discusses a critical letter by Knut Næss, a former professor of pharmacology, published in 'Den Norske Lægeforenings tidsskrift' (The Norwegian Medical Association's Journal). Næss questions the inclusion of alternative methods in public health plans, specifically referencing a book on fibromyalgia and its critical review of a chapter on alternative treatments. He highlights the practices of a clinic, Klinikk Fjeldvang, which uses an instrument to measure bodily electrical conductivity, vitamin/mineral balance, enzyme levels, and toxin buildup, and claims to detect radiation from earth or water veins and allergic reactions. The clinic purportedly uses 'vega testing' to prescribe supplements, vitamins, minerals, or herbal medicine. Næss questions whether it is permissible for lecturers to run private clinics in this manner, potentially exploiting patients with 'dubious and costly methods,' and asks if the Directorate of Health would recognize such practices in a public health plan.

Helsedirektør Torbjørn Mork provides a detailed response, stating that Norwegian law allows anyone to treat the sick within the limits of the quackery law. He finds it questionable whether the described practices fall under this, and it is difficult to assess if they violate fraud laws. He notes that the case does not seem to fall under the nursing law either. Mork states that the Directorate of Health strongly advises against incorporating such activities into the public health system and will forward the matter to the Norwegian Nurses Association for potential organizational action. He also indicates that they will file a complaint with the prosecution authorities if there is reasonable suspicion of violating the quackery law. Mork concludes by emphasizing the need for active public information campaigns about the dangers of non-scientifically based health services, highlighting the responsibility of doctors and the Medical Association in this preventive task.

Report: First Nordic Skeptic Seminar

The magazine reports on the First Nordic Skeptic Seminar held in Helsinki, Finland, from October 13-15, 1989, organized by the Finnish organization SKEPSIS. The seminar was deemed successful and featured speakers such as Susan Blackmore (CSICOP), Geofrey Dean, Nils Edelman, S. Albert Kivinen, Andrew Mackenzie, Rolf Manne, Robert Morris, Nils Mustelin, and Kyosti Tarvainen. James Randi was also present and famously tested a 'dowsing rod' (ønskekvist) live on television. A notable event was the awarding of SKEPSIS's first 'humbug prize' to Werner Söderström (WSOY), a Finnish publishing house, for promoting pseudoscientific works. The report mentions the presence of Terje Emberland from the Norwegian Human-Ethical Union and Erik Tunstad from Populærvitenskapelig Magasin. The seminar received significant media attention. The report concludes by encouraging Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to host similar Nordic seminars.

CSICOP Call for Suggestions

CSICOP's new administrative director, Barry Karr, has requested suggestions and ideas for CSICOP's activities in Europe. The magazine mentions previous correspondence and suggests increased efforts to promote 'Skeptical Inquirer' in Norway and potential collaborations between organizations for events, where CSICOP could provide assistance, referencing James Randi's European tours. Suggestions are welcomed.

Presentation: Unge Forskere (Young Scientists)

This section introduces the organization 'Unge Forskere,' a nationwide organization dedicated to promoting interest in science and research among children and youth. It aims to encourage project-oriented work, which is often lacking in the standard educational system. The organization provides a platform for young people with related hobbies to connect, exchange ideas, collaborate, and receive guidance. They organize regular and special events, disseminate information, and publish a journal called 'Tidsskriftet Unge Forskere.' The organization also runs an annual competition for project work, with opportunities to advance to national and international finals. They participate in international events, including the Nobel Seminar in Stockholm (SIYSS).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around skepticism towards pseudoscientific claims, the importance of science literacy, and the critical evaluation of alternative health practices. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of scientific inquiry, evidence-based reasoning, and the promotion of critical thinking. The magazine actively debunks unsubstantiated claims and advocates for a more informed public understanding of science. There is a strong emphasis on distinguishing between genuine scientific research and pseudoscience, and on holding practitioners of unproven methods accountable.